Special Eurobarometer 400
ATTITUDES OF EUROPEANS TOWARDS THE
USE OF ROADS LOCATED OUTSIDE OF
CITIES
REPORT
Fieldwork: April - May 2013
Publication: December 2013
This survey has been requested by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Mobility and
Transport (DG MOVE) and co-ordinated by Directorate-General for Communication.
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm
This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission.
The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.
Special Eurobarometer 400 / Wave EB79.2 – TNS Opinion & Social
The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.
Secial Eurobarometer XXX Wave EBXX.X – TNS Oinion & Socia
Special Eurobarometer 400
Attitudes of Europeans towards the use of roads
located outside of cities
Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of
the European Commission,
Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE)
Survey co-ordinated by the European Commission,
Directorate-General for Communication
(DG COMM “Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and
Eurobarometer” Unit)
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 2 MAIN FINDINGS ................................................................................................. 3 1. EUROPEAN CITIZENS' DRIVING PATTERN .................................................... 6 2. THE USE OF NON-URBAN ROADS ................................................................ 11 2.1 Frequency of the use of roads located outside of cities ........................ 11 2.2 Main reason for using roads located outside of cities ........................... 15 2.3 Frequency of road congestion experience ............................................ 22 3. ATTITUDES TOWARDS NON-URBAN ROADS QUALITY ................................. 27 3.1 Opinion towards roads’ quality ............................................................ 27 3.2 The role of government or local authorities towards road maintenance
and repair .................................................................................................... 31 4. ATTITUDES TOWARDS ROAD TOLLS ........................................................... 38 4.1 Level of information about the use of road tolls ................................... 38 4.2 Paying for higher road tolls ................................................................. 43 CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................. 49 ANNEXES
Technical specifications
Questionnaire
Tables
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INTRODUCTION
This report showcases the most important findings of the latest Special Eurobarometer
report on “Attitudes of Europeans towards the use of Roads located outside of cities.” The
European Commission’s Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE)
commissioned this survey to measure the attitudes of the European public towards the
use of non-urban roads, i.e. roads located outside of cities. The questions asked in this
survey only refer to non-urban roads (roads located outside of cities) since (having
regard to the principle of subsidiarity) EU level intervention is most readily justifiable on
the inter-urban road network.
This Eurobarometer was carried out by TNS Opinion & Social between 26 April and 14
May 2013 in all EU Member States and in Croatia.
The three main topics covered in the report are:

EU citizens' perceptions of the quality of roads located outside of cities;

Their experience of congestion on these roads;

The level of information that EU citizens feel they have about what is included in
road toll rates.
For each of these topics, the report looks at how these perceptions vary according to the
driving habits, frequency of road use and the main reason for using roads. In addition
the report analyses how these perceptions vary across Member States including between
the EU15 countries and the 12 NMS countries.
The report covers the 28 Member States. However, because the fieldwork took place
before the official date of Croatia's accession to the European Union on 1 July 2013,
results are presented for the EU 27 and Croatia. The general analysis and the sociodemographic analyses are based on the average results in the 27 Member States. This
average is weighted so that it reflects the actual population of each Member State.
Some 26,563 Europeans aged 15 or over were interviewed face-to-face by the
interviewers of the TNS Opinion & Social network (the interviewers asked the questions
in the respondents' home). The methodology used is that of the Standard Eurobarometer
of the Directorate-General Communication of the European Commission (“Strategy,
Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer” Unit). A technical note concerning
the interviews conducted by the institutes of the TNS Opinion & Social network is
annexed to this report. It specifies the method used for these interviews as well as the
confidence intervals.1
1
The results tables are included in the annex. It should be noted that the total of the percentages in the tables
of this report may exceed 100% when the respondent can give several answers to the same question.
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MAIN FINDINGS
Driving habits and use of roads located outside of cities

Across the EU, just over six out of ten citizens drive their own vehicles (61%).
Respondents in Cyprus (80%) are most likely to drive their own vehicle and
respondents in Romania (30%) are least likely to drive their own vehicle. By
contrast, just under a third of respondents in Hungary (32%) rarely or never
drive.

There is an age divide in regularity of driving. Younger EU citizens are more likely
to report that they rarely or never drive. Approximately one quarter of
respondents age 15-24 (23%) rarely or never drive compared with around one in
ten respondents age 25-39 (12%) or 40-54 (10%).

Slightly more than a third of EU citizens use roads outside of cities every day or
almost every day (34%). Respondents are most likely to report that they use
roads outside of cities every day or almost every day in Malta (59%), Luxembourg
(57%) and Slovenia (50%). Respondents are least likely to use roads this
frequently in Romania (15%), Greece (13%) and Bulgaria (12%).

Socio-demographic factors are strongly related to driving habits. Respondents
who position themselves high up on the social scale are more likely to report that
they regularly use roads outside of cities (71%) compared to those who position
themselves lower down on the social scale (51%).

Respondents are asked to provide the reason why they use roads located outside
of cities most often. Over half of respondents use these roads for leisure activities
(54%). Approximately one quarter of respondents use these roads to commute to
work (23%).

Respondents are most likely to report that they use roads outside of cities
primarily for leisure in Estonia (67%) and are least likely to report using these
roads primarily for leisure in Malta (37%).
Quality of roads located outside of cities

Respondents are almost evenly divided in their opinion of the quality of these
roads. Indeed 50% of them rate them as “good” whereas 48% of them rate them
as “poor”.

Across the EU, countries where respondents think the overall quality of the roads
as low are more likely to support increased spending on roads.

Eight in ten Europeans (80%) agree that their government or local authorities
should increase spending on maintaining and repairing roads outside of cities.
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
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Respondents are most likely to agree that government spending on road
maintenance should be increased in Malta (97%), Latvia (96%) and Slovakia
(95%), where support for increases in government spending on road maintenance
outside of cities is nearly unanimous.

There is a strong relationship at the Member State level between levels of support
for government spending more on roads and the perceptions of road quality
(r=0.73).
Congestion on roads located outside of cities

Three in ten respondents who use roads outside of cities experienced congestion
regularly (30%).

The worst experiences of congestion are in Malta (45% every day). The next
worst experiences are in Italy (26%) and Luxembourg (22%).

Respondents who use roads to go to work (53%) or for work related reasons
(48%) are more likely to have experienced congestion on roads outside of cities
compared with respondents who used roads mainly for leisure (19%). This does
not seem to be surprising since travel to work trips are much more concentrated
in time and therefore create the peak in the first place.
Road Tolls

Across the EU, slightly more than four in ten citizens do not pay road tolls (42%)

Of the respondents who do pay these tolls, two thirds (66%) felt they are not
informed about the use of the tolls.

A quarter of EU citizens (25%) would be willing to pay higher road tolls either for
better road maintenance and repair, to improve road safety, to benefit the
environment, to improve public transportation, or to ensure less congestion.

Respondents are most likely to report that they would not be willing to pay more
for tolls in Portugal (92%), Spain (89%) and France (82%), whereas respondents
in Sweden (52%), Denmark (46%) and Cyprus (45%) would be most willing to
pay higher road tolls. It is important to underline that that Portugal, Spain and
France have already tolling on a high proportion of inter-urban motorways.

Respondents who finished education at age 15 or younger are more likely to
report they would not be willing to pay higher road tolls (79%) than those who
finished education aged 16-19 (76%) and at age 20+ (66%).
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Note: In this report, countries are referred to by their official abbreviation. The
abbreviations used in this report correspond to:
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
EL
ES
FR
IE
IT
CY
LT
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Greece
Spain
France
Ireland
Italy
Republic of Cyprus*
Lithuania
HR
Croatia
ABBREVIATIONS
LV
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
Latvia
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
EU27
European Union – Weighted average for the
27 Member States
EU15**
BE, IT, FR, DE, LU, NL, DK, UK, IE, PT, ES, EL, AT, SE,
FI**
BG, CZ, EE, CY, LT, LV, MT, HU, PL, RO, SI, SK***
NMS12***
* Cyprus as a whole is one of the 27 European Union Member States. However, the ‘acquis communautaire’ has
been suspended in the part of the country which is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
For practical reasons, only the interviews carried out in the part of the country controlled by the government of
the Republic of Cyprus are included in the ‘CY’ category and in the EU27 average.
** EU15 refers to the 15 countries forming the European Union before the enlargements of 2004 and 2007
*** The NMS12 are the 12 ‘new Member States’ which joined the European Union during the 2004 and 2007
enlargements
**********
The Eurobarometer website can be consulted at the following address:
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm
We wish to thank the people interviewed throughout the European Union who gave their
time to take part in this survey.
Without their active participation, this survey would not have been possible.
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1. EUROPEAN CITIZENS' DRIVING PATTERN
This chapter looks at Europeans' driving habits and how these vary across Member
States and socio-demographic groups.
- Most EU citizens drive their own vehicle (61%) –
Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
EU citizens are asked various questions about their driving habits. More than six in ten
respondents (61%) say that they drive their own vehicle. One third of respondents
(33%) say that they are passengers in someone else’s vehicle. 15% of respondents say
that they rarely or never drive and just 5% drive a company or fleet vehicle when they
drive.
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Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
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There are large differences between countries in the proportion of respondents who
reported that they have these driving habits. Respondents are most likely to report that
they drive their own vehicle in Cyprus (80%), where eight out of ten respondents give
this response. Next most likely to drive their own vehicles are respondents in
Luxembourg (78%) and France (75 %).
However, in Romania, only three in ten respondents (30%) drive their own vehicle.
Respondents are only slightly more likely to drive their own vehicles in Hungary (35%)
and Bulgaria (36%).
This divide is also reflected in the difference between new and old Member States.
Respondents in the EU15 countries are much more likely to drive their own vehicle
(67%) compared with those in the NMS12 ones (40%).
In Denmark, roughly half of respondents report that they are a passenger in someone
else’s vehicle (54%), the highest proportion in the EU. At the other end of the spectrum,
15% of respondents in Italy report that they are passengers in another person's vehicle.
Just under a third of EU citizens in Hungary rarely or never drive (32%). There are also
relatively high proportions of citizens who rarely or never drive in Lithuania (24%), the
United Kingdom (23%) and the Czech Republic (22%). However, only one per cent of
those in Cyprus rarely or never drive.
Despite these large country differences, there is no overall difference between the EU15
and NMS12 countries in the proportion of citizens who rarely or never drive (both 15%).
Respondents were most likely to report that they drive a company or fleet vehicle in
Sweden, where slightly more than one in ten respondents (13%) report this driving
habit. Next most likely to drive a company of fleet vehicle are respondents in Denmark
(12%) and the Netherlands (12%). However, only one percent of respondents in Greece
drive company or fleet vehicles.
Driving their own vehicle is the most common situation in 23 Member States and Croatia.
However, being a passenger in someone else's vehicle is the most common situation in
Bulgaria, Latvia, Poland and Romania.
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Socio-demographics
Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
Men are more likely than women to drive their own vehicle (72% vs. 51%).
Younger EU citizens are more likely to rarely or never drive. Approximately one quarter
of respondents aged 15-24 (23%) rarely or never drive compared with roughly one in ten
respondents aged 25-39 (12%) or 40-54 (10%). This is not surprising since in most
Member States respondents aged 15, 16 and in some cases 17 year olds are not legally
permitted to drive.
Respondents who completed education at a later age are more likely to report that they
drive their own vehicle. Fewer than half of respondents who finished education at age 15
report that they drive their own vehicle (47%) compared with two thirds of respondents
who finished education aged 16-19 (65%) and more than three quarters of respondents
who finished education when they were 20 or older (77%).
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EU citizens living in more urban areas are less likely to drive their own vehicles compared
with citizens in rural villages. Approximately two thirds of respondents from rural villages
drive their own vehicles (67%) compared with half of respondents from large towns
(51%). Respondents who self-report a high social status are also more likely to drive
their own vehicles. Seven in ten respondents who position themselves high up on the
social scale (71%) drive their own vehicle compared with half of respondents who
position themselves low on the social scale (48%).
Relationships with Road Use
Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
Respondents who use roads regularly are more likely to both drive their own vehicles and
be a passenger in another vehicle. Around four in five respondents who make regular use
of roads (i.e. at least once a week) drive their own vehicles (78%) compared with just
15% of respondents who never use roads. In addition, almost three in ten respondents
who make regular use of roads are passengers in vehicles (29%) compared with fewer
than one in five respondents who never use roads outside of cities (17%).
Almost nine in ten respondents who use roads mainly to go to work (89%) drive their
own vehicles, whereas slightly fewer than six in ten respondents who use roads mainly
for leisure (56%) drive their own vehicles.
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2. THE USE OF NON-URBAN ROADS
This chapter looks at the ways in which EU citizens use roads located outside of their
cities in terms of frequency and purpose and looks at how often they experience
congestion on these roads.
2.1 Frequency of the use of roads located outside of cities
- More than six in ten EU citizens regularly use roads outside of cities –
Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
Respondents are asked how frequently they use roads located outside of cities, either as
a driver or as a passenger.
The results of this question show that there is great variety in citizens' use of roads
located outside of cities. More than six in ten respondents report that they use these
roads regularly (62%), while around three in ten respondents (31%) say that they use
these roads occasionally. Fewer than one in ten respondents never use roads located
outside of cities (7%).
Looking in more detail, more than a third of respondents use these roads every day or
almost every day (34%).
Beyond these regular users, there are high differences in road usage. Fewer than one in
five Europeans use these roads two or three times a week (16%), about once a week
(12%), two or three times a month (12%) or less often (19%). Finally, fewer than one in
ten Europeans never uses roads located outside of cities (7%).
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Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
The frequency of using roads outside of cities varies greatly across EU Member
States. At the high end, more than half of respondents report that they use roads
outside of cities every day or almost every day in Malta (59%), Luxembourg (57%) and
Slovenia (50%). Respondents are least likely to use these roads this frequently in
Romania (15%), Greece (13%) and Bulgaria (12%). This may be explained by the fact
that less people in rural areas are commuting to work in these countries. This may also
be a consequence of the crisis since it has hit harder in these countries and may have
contributed to the travel on these roads. Finally it could also be explained by the fact that
those countries are largely centralised around their capital cities. In addition, roughly one
quarter of respondents in Croatia (24%) use roads every day or nearly every day.
EU citizens are most likely to report that they use roads outside of cities two or three
times a week in the Netherlands (24%) and Austria (22%) and least likely to report this
level of usage in Bulgaria (9%) and Cyprus (10%).
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Roughly one in five respondents in Romania (22%) and Bulgaria (20%) use roads
outside of cities two or three times a month. Around one in twenty respondents in Malta
(4%) and Luxembourg (5%) report this level of usage.
Respondents are most likely to use roads outside of cities less than two or three times a
month in Greece (45%), Bulgaria (37%) and Portugal (32%).
Finally, around one in ten respondents in Portugal (12%), Hungary (10%) and Italy
(10%) never use roads outside of cities.
EU citizens in the NMS12 countries are less likely to drive on roads outside of cities every
day (23%) compared with those in the EU15 countries (37%).
Socio-demographics
Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
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How often EU citizens use roads located outside of cities varies depending on their levels
of education completed. Less than half of respondents who finished education at age 15
or younger (48%) use roads outside of cities regularly, compared with seven in ten
respondents who finished education at age 20 or older (70%).
Rural citizens (75%) are more likely to use roads outside of cities compared with citizens
living in large towns (40%).
Respondents who are self-employed (80%), managers (76%) or other white collar
workers (74%) are only slightly more likely to use roads outside of cities regularly than
manual workers (72%). However, house persons (46%), unemployed (51%) or retired
respondents (49%) are less likely to use these roads regularly.
Respondents who position themselves high up on the social scale are more likely to
report that they regularly use roads outside of cities (71%) compared with respondents
who position themselves low down on the social scale (51%).
Relationships with Road Use
Basis: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
EU citizens who drive company vehicles are more likely to use roads outside of cities
regularly (93%) compared with citizens who drive their own vehicle (79%) or are
passengers in a vehicle (55%).
Respondents who use roads located outside the cities mainly for going to work (96%) or
for work related reasons (86%) are more likely to use roads outside of cities regularly
compared with respondents who mainly used roads for leisure (54%).
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2.2 Main reason for using roads located outside of cities
- More than half of respondents use roads outside of cities mainly for leisure
activities and one third of respondents use these roads mainly to commute to
work or for work related reasons -
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Respondents are asked to provide the reason why they use roads located outside of cities
most often. More than half of respondents use these roads for leisure activities (54%).
Approximately a quarter use these roads to commute to work (23%) and an additional
one in ten respondents use these roads for work related reasons (10%). Only one
percent of respondents use these roads most often because they are a professional
driver.
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
There are differences across the EU in terms of the proportion of respondents who use
roads outside of cities for each of these reasons. Respondents are most likely to report
that they use roads outside of cities primarily for leisure in Estonia (67%). Respondents
are least likely to report using these roads primarily for leisure in Malta (37%).
More than four in ten respondents in Malta (43%) use roads outside of cities primarily to
go to work. Malta is the only Member State where the highest reason for using these
roads is to commute to work. Every other Member State and Croatia used these roads
most commonly for leisure.
Europeans are least likely to use roads outside of cities for going to work in Romania
(10%), Greece (11%) and Bulgaria (12%).
Respondents are more likely to use roads outside of cities for commuting in EU15
countries (25%) than in NMS12 countries (17%).
Using roads outside of cities primarily for work related reasons is relatively uncommon
across all Member States. The highest proportion is in Greece (17%) where fewer than
one in five respondents say that they use roads outside of cities mainly for work related
reasons. At the other end of the spectrum, only three percent of respondents in Malta
use roads outside of cities mainly for this reason.
Only a small percentage of respondents in each country (ranging from 0% to 2%) report
that they use roads outside of cities primarily because they are professional drivers.
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Basis:
QC2: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
QC5: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
The above graph shows the relationship between the percentage of those who commute
to work as the main reason for using roads located outside of cities and the percentage
of those who use roads located outside of cities at least once a week. The relationship
between these percentages is very high (r = 0.91).
For instance, Malta and Luxembourg which have both the highest proportion of
commuters of any Member State and the highest proportion of those who use roads
located outside of cities at least once a week. At the other end there is Romania, Bulgaria
and Greece. Each of these countries have fewer than 15% of citizens who primarily use
roads outside of cities for commuting and fewer than 40% of their population who use
roads located outside of cities at least once a week.
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Basis:
QC2: All respondents; EU27, n=26,563
QC5: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
On the contrary, there is a negative correlation between the use of roads for leisure
activities as the main reason and the regular use of those roads (r = - 0.42). The above
graph shows the relationship between the percentage of those who travel for leisure
activities as the main reason for using roads located outside of cities and the percentage
of those who use roads located outside of cities at least once a week.
In Malta, 90% of the respondents use the roads located outside of cities at least once a
week and only 37% of the users of the roads say that they mainly use those roads for
leisure activities. On the contrary, in Bulgaria only 34% of the respondents use those
roads at least once a week but 65% of the road users say that they mainly use it for
leisure activities.
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Socio-demographics
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Respondents from different demographic groups report differing reasons for using roads
outside of cities. Both respondents aged 15-24 (60%) and respondents over the age of
55 (69%) are more likely to use these roads primarily for leisure compared with
respondents aged 25-39 (44%) or aged 40-54 (43%). In addition, respondents aged 2539 (36%) and aged 40-54 (34%) are more likely to use roads primarily to go to work
compared with respondents aged 15-24 (18%) and over the age of 55 (8%).
Respondents from more urban areas are more likely to mainly use roads outside of cities
for leisure. Almost seven in ten respondents from large towns (69%) are most likely to
use roads outside of cities predominately for leisure compared with around four in ten
respondents in rural villages (43%).
Relationships with road use
Basis: Respondents taking roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
The frequency of road use is strongly related to the primary purpose of using
them. Four in ten respondents who use roads outside of cities regularly primarily use
roads outside of cities these roads for leisure (44%) compared with three quarters of
respondents who use these roads occasionally (75%).
Nearly half of those who use their own vehicle primarily use roads outside of cities for
leisure (47%). This reason is far less common among those who drive a company vehicle
(18%). Instead those who drive company vehicles tend to either use the roads to
commute to work (38%) or for work related activities (36%).
Those who are passengers or rarely or never drive are considerably more likely to use
roads outside of cities for leisure (63% and 71%, respectively). Those respondents who
regularly experience congestion are 20 percentage points more likely to use roads
outside of cities primarily to commute to work than those who never experience
congestion (41% versus 21%).
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2.3 Frequency of road congestion experience
- Three in ten respondents regularly experience congestion on roads outside of
cities -
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Respondents who use roads outside of cities are asked how frequently they experience
congestion. Three in ten respondents (30%) who use these roads experienced congestion
regularly, and more than half of respondents who use these roads experienced
congestion occasionally (52%). Only 17% respondents who use these roads never
experience congestion.
The highest levels of congestion are experienced somewhat less often. Slightly more than
one in ten respondents say that they experience congestion every day or almost every
day (11%). However, the relatively low proportion of those experiencing congestion
every day overall hides the high levels of congestion in some Member States.
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Basis: Respondents taking roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
The experience of congestion among those respondents who use roads outside of cities is
by far the worst in Malta, where 45% experience congestion every day or almost every
day. This is 19 percentage points higher than the next highest figure in Italy (26%),
followed by Luxembourg (22%). Respondents are least likely to experience this level of
congestion in Bulgaria (1%), Estonia (2%) or Sweden (2%).
Respondents are most likely to report that they experience congestion two or three times
a week on these roads in Malta (21%), Italy (21%) and Luxembourg (16%), while they
are least likely to report this level of congestion in Sweden (1%), Latvia (2%) and
Bulgaria (2%).
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Respondents report experiencing congestion on roads outside of cities once a week in
Malta (14%), Italy (13%) and Romania (13%). Respondents are least likely to
experience congestion at this rate in Estonia (1%), Bulgaria (2%), Lithuania (3%) and
Latvia (3%).
EU citizens who use roads outside of cities in Romania (16%) and Austria (15%) are
most likely to experience congestion at a rate of two or three times a month. Those in
Estonia (2%), Lithuania (3%), Latvia (4%) and Malta (4%) are the least likely to
experience this level of congestion.
Respondents are most likely to experience congestion on roads outside of city less often
than two or three times a month in Greece (60%), Germany (59%) and Sweden (57%).
Respondents are least likely to report this rate of congestion in Malta (11%), Estonia
(21%) and Italy (25%).
EU citizens are most likely to never experience congestions on roads outside of cities in
Estonia (70%), Lithuania (60%) and Latvia (57%) and are least likely to never
experience congestion on these roads in Italy (2%) and Malta (3%).
Respondents in EU15 countries are more likely to regularly experience congestion on
roads located outside cities (31%) than those in NMS12 countries (24%).
In the Netherlands, only 20% of the respondents using road located outside of cities
experience road congestion at least once a week. This may be surprising but it could be
explained by the fact that the main reason for using those roads is for leisure purposes in
the Netherlands (57%). Only 8% of the respondents in the Netherlands who use roads
located outside of cities mainly for leisure, regularly experience congestion.
The charts above show the country level results that display the number of respondents
who regularly use roads located outside of the city and experience regular congestion
compared to total number of respondents who regularly use these roads.
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More than eight regular road users out of ten in Malta and Italy (respectively 87% and
83%) regularly experience road congestion compared to less than two regular users out
of ten in Lithuania (18%), Latvia (14%), Bulgaria (12%), Sweden (10%) and Estonia
(8%).
Interestingly, even if respondents use roads located outside of the city at least once a
week, they do not really experience congestion. For instance, in Slovenia more than eight
out of ten respondents use these roads (82%) but only 29% regular users experience
regular congestion. This pattern is also observed in Germany (74% use roads regularly
but only 29% experience regular congestion), in Denmark (75% use roads regularly but
only 25% experience regular congestion) and in the Netherlands (74% use roads
regularly but only 27% experience regular congestion). These results contrast with
countries like Romania, where less than four respondents out of ten regularly use the
roads (39%) and more than six regular users out of ten experience congestion (62%),
and Italy, where slightly more than six respondents out of ten regularly use the roads
(62%) and more than eight regular users out of ten experience congestion (83%).
Socio-demographics
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Respondents in large towns (25%) who use roads outside of cities are slightly less likely
to experience congestion on roads outside of cities regularly compared with respondents
in small or mid-sized towns (35%) and rural villages (28%).
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Respondents' employment status has an effect on their experience of congestion.
Respondents who are self-employed (41%), managers (39%) or other white collar
workers (42%) who use roads outside of cities are more likely to report that they
experience congestion regularly than manual workers (34%). These groups are all more
likely to report that they experience congestion compared with unemployed persons
(27%), house persons (22%) or retired respondents (17%).
Respondents who position themselves high up on the social scale (34%) are more likely
to report that they experienced congestion on these roads regularly compared with
respondents who position themselves low down on the social scale (25%).
Relationships with road use
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
More than half of respondents who drive a company vehicle (51%) report that they
experience congestion on roads outside of cities regularly. Less than four in ten
respondents who own their own vehicle (37%) regularly experience congestion on these
roads – almost double the proportion of passengers (21%) who report this congestion.
Respondents who use roads primarily to go to work (53%) or for work related reasons
(48%) are more likely to experience congestion on roads outside of cities compared with
respondents who use roads mainly for leisure (19%).
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3. ATTITUDES TOWARDS NON-URBAN ROADS QUALITY
This chapter looks at Europeans' attitudes towards the quality of roads located outside of
cities and their preferences for government spending on these roads.
3.1 Opinion towards roads’ quality
- Respondents are almost evenly divided in their opinion of the quality of the
roads located outside of cities –
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Respondents are also asked how they would rate the overall quality of roads located
outside cities in their country. The results indicate that EU citizens are almost evenly
divided in their opinion of the quality of these roads.
Slightly more than four out of ten Europeans believe that the quality of roads is fairly
good (43%) but only a small number of Europeans believe that these roads are very
good (7%). At the other end of the spectrum, more than three in ten respondents (31%)
rate the quality of these roads as fairly poor. Fewer than one in five respondents (17%)
rate these roads as very poor.
Although opinions are split evenly on average, there is a high level of variation in
perceptions of road quality across Member States.
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Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Across the EU, half of respondents (50%) consider the quality of roads outside of cities in
their country as good. However, the proportion of respondents who think the quality of
roads outside of cities in their country is good varies enormously among EU Member
States.
Approximately nine in ten respondents in the Netherlands (96%) and Luxembourg (87%)
rate the quality of these roads as good. Conversely, only around one in ten respondents
in Slovakia (12%), Latvia (10%) and the Czech Republic (10%) rate the quality of these
roads as good.
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At least three-quarters of respondents using roads located outside of the cities rate the
quality of those roads as poor in Czech Republic (90%), Latvia (89%), Slovakia (87%),
Hungary (84%), Romania (79%) and Poland (75%). It should also be mentioned that
more than four road users out of ten say that the quality of those roads are poor in
Bulgaria (74%), Greece (72%), Slovenia (70%), Italy (58%), Belgium (52%), the United
Kingdom (48%), Germany and Estonia (both 43%).
There is a large divide among EU15 and NMS12 countries on perceptions of road quality a 36 percentage point difference between these two groups. Respondents in the EU15
countries have more positive perceptions about the quality of roads located outside cities
in their country. Nearly six out of ten respondents in the EU15 countries rate the quality
of these roads as good (57%) compared with only one in five respondents in NMS12
countries (21%).
In most cases, respondents of Member States that report a “regular” use of roads located
outside of cities also say that the quality of those roads is good. Luxembourg is a
particularly interesting case, as it combines both high use of roads outside of cities (87%
at least once a week, “regular”) with extremely positive perceptions of road quality (87%
fairly or very good). Slovenia is an inverse case where there is a high use of roads
outside of cities (82% at least once a week, “regular”) but poor perceptions of road
quality (just 29% rating it good or very good).
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Socio-demographics
There is only limited variation in terms of how people from different socio-demographic
groups rate the quality of roads outside of cities in their countries.
Relationships with Road Use
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
There are differences depending on the main reason a respondent has for using roads.
Roughly one third of respondents who are professional drivers rate the quality of roads
outside of cities in their country as good (34%) compared with approximately half of
respondents who use roads to go to work (52%), for work related reasons (46%) or for
leisure (51%).
There are not strong relationships between driving habits or the regularity of road use
and assessments of road quality. Around half of those who drive their own vehicle
(52%), a company vehicle (53%), are a passenger (50%) or rarely or never drive (49%)
say that the quality of roads outside of cities is good. Similarly, just over half of regular
users (51%) rate these roads as good compared to a little under half of occasional users
(47%).
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Respondents who experience congestion on roads regularly (45%) are less likely to rate
the quality of roads outside of cities in their country as good compared with people who
never experience congestion (57%).
3.2 The role of government or local authorities towards road maintenance
and repair
- Eight in ten respondents agree that their government should spend more on
maintaining and repairing roads outside of cities -
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Respondents are asked whether they think government or local authorities in their
country should spend more money on maintaining and repairing roads located outside of
cities2. Approximately four in ten respondents (42%) totally agree that this spending
should be increased. A similar proportion (38%) tends to agree that this spending should
be increased. Roughly one in ten respondents (13%) tends to disagree that this funding
should be increased. Only around one in twenty respondents (4%) totally disagree that
their government should spend more money on maintaining and repairing roads.
2
This does not take into account general spending priorities of the respondents
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Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Respondents’ views on whether government spending on road maintenance outside of
cities should be increased vary across EU Member States. Respondents are most likely to
report that they totally agree that this spending should be increased in Latvia (73%),
Slovakia (72%) and the Czech Republic (70%).
Respondents are least likely to totally agree with this statement in Austria (14%),
Luxembourg (11%) and the Netherlands (10%).
Respondents are most likely to tend to agree that their government or local authorities
should spend more money on maintaining roads in Belgium (49%), Lithuania (47%) and
Portugal (47%). Respondents are least likely to report that they tend to agree with this
increase in spending in Latvia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic (all 23%).
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Respondents are most likely to tend to disagree that their government should increase
spending on maintaining roads outside of cities in the Netherlands (45%), Luxembourg
(43%) and Austria (30%). Respondents are least likely to tend to disagree with this
statement in Malta (2%), Latvia (2%) and Slovakia (2%).
Respondents are most likely to totally disagree that their government or local authorities
should allocate more spending to the maintenance of roads outside of cities in the
Netherlands (17%) and Luxembourg (14%). Respondents are least likely to totally
disagree with this statement in Malta (0%), Latvia (1%), Greece (1%), Cyprus (1%),
Hungary (1%), Poland (1%), Italy (1%) and Slovenia (1%).
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
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In terms of overall agreement, respondents are most likely to agree that government
spending on road maintenance should be increased in Malta (97%), Latvia (96%) and
Slovakia (95%), where support for increases in government spending on road
maintenance outside of cities is nearly unanimous. A very different pattern is observed
among respondents in the Netherlands (34%), Luxembourg (42%) and Austria (60%).
The Netherlands and Luxembourg are the only countries where a majority of respondents
disagree with this (respectively 62% and 57%).
EU citizens in the NMS12 countries are more likely to totally support increasing
government spending on maintaining and repairing roads located outside cities in their
country (57%) than citizens in EU15 countries (38%).
The above graph shows the relationship between the respondents' perceptions of the
quality of roads outside of cities in the country and the average support for government
spending more money on maintaining roads outside of cities. There is a reasonably
strong correlation (r = 0.73), showing that countries where roads are rated poorer also
have higher support for increasing government spending on the roads. The correlation
probably understates the strength of this relationship as support for increasing spending
increases linearly until 50% of respondents say the quality of roads is poor. After this
point, close to 100% of respondents already say that government should increase
spending on roads.3
3
Technical note: correlation coefficients are based on the assumption of a linear relationship between the
variables so will understate the strength of a non-linear relationship such as the curvilinear relationship here.
34 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
This relationship is reflected in the three countries with the lowest proportion of
respondents saying that the quality of roads outside of cities is poor: the Netherlands
(3%), Luxembourg (13%) and Austria (16%) which also have the three lowest
proportions of respondents saying that the government should spend more money on
maintaining roads (34%, 42% and 60%, respectively). However, it is striking that even
in the Netherlands, where nearly no respondents think that the quality of roads located
outside cities is poor, more than a third of respondents want their government to
increase the amount of money it spends on maintaining these roads.
Socio-demographics
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
There are generally not substantial demographic differences between the respondents
who believe that their government should increase spending on maintaining and
repairing roads outside of cities and the respondents who believe this spending should
not be increased.
However, the largest difference in opinion is observed between respondents living in
more and less urbanized areas. More than eight in ten EU citizens who live in rural
villages (83%) believe the government should increase spending on roads outside of
cities whereas only three quarters of respondents in large towns (75%) share this view.
35 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Relationships with Road Use
Basis: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
Not surprisingly, respondents are more likely to support high spending on roads if they
believe the quality of roads is poor. Roughly two thirds of respondents (67%) who
believe the quality of roads outside of cities in their country is good say that government
spending on maintenance of these roads should be increased. However, a greater
proportion of respondents who rate the quality of non-city roads as poor believe the
government should increase spending on these roads (93%).
Europeans who regularly experience congestion are more supportive of increasing
government spending on maintaining and repairing roads located outside cities (86%)
compared with those who only occasionally (78%) or never (73%) experience
congestion.
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
More than four out of five EU citizens whose main reason for using roads outside of cities
is to go to work or for work related reasons support higher government spending on
roads (both 82%). Slightly fewer citizens who use these roads for leisure (78%) or use
these roads as professional drivers (74%) support increasing government spending on
roads located outside of cities.
The differences are also fairly small between different categories of road users. Around
four out of five respondents who drive their own vehicle (81%), drive a company vehicle
(77%) or are a passenger in a vehicle (79%) support higher government spending on
roads outside of cities.
Respondents who use roads regularly are more likely to agree that government or the
local authorities should spend more money on maintaining and repairing roads located
outside cities (81%) compared with those who only use these roads occasionally (76%).
However, the difference is not extremely large (+5) and is mostly explained by
occasional road users higher "don't know" responses (5% versus 2%).
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4. ATTITUDES TOWARDS ROAD TOLLS
This chapter looks at Europeans' self-assessments of how informed they are about the
road tolls they pay. It also looks at how willing EU citizens would be for road tolls to be
increased.
4.1 Level of information about the use of road tolls
- Roughly four in ten respondents do not pay road tolls, and of those who do,
two thirds do not feel informed about what they pay for –
Basis:
QC7: Respondents using roads located outside cities; EU27, n=24,716
QC7(2): Respondents paying road tolls; EU27, n=14,130
Respondents are asked if they pay road tolls, and if so, how informed they feel about
what they pay for when they do pay tolls. A high proportion, approximately four in ten,
spontaneously says that they do not pay road tolls (42%). Given this high proportion,
this report analyses how informed those respondents who do pay road tolls feel. This
provides a more consistent comparison across demographic groups and Member States.
Among the Europeans who do pay road tolls, a substantial majority do not feel informed
about their use (66% not very well informed or not at all informed).
Of the respondents who pay these tolls, roughly one third of respondents say they are
not at all informed (32%) about their use. Approximately one third of respondents (34%)
also report that they are not very well informed about the use of these road tolls.
Roughly three in ten respondents (27%) report that they feel fairly well informed about
the use of road tolls. Only slightly fewer than one in ten respondents (7%) say they are
very well informed about what they pay for when they pay road tolls.
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
These results show that the level of information about what road tolls pay for is generally
low among EU citizens.
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Respondents are most likely to report that they do not use toll roads in Cyprus (90%),
Finland (87%) and Malta (77%). Respondents are least likely to report that they never
use toll roads in Greece (12%), France (15%), Italy (15%) and Ireland (15%).
Of the respondents who have paid toll roads, respondents are most likely to report that
they are not informed about the use of road tolls in Lithuania (85%), Estonia (83%) and
Malta (81%). Respondents are least likely to report they are not informed about the use
of these tolls in Luxembourg (52%), Denmark (51%) and Portugal (49%). Approximately
seven in ten respondents in Croatia (71%) also report that they are not informed about
the use of these tolls.
Respondents in NMS12 countries are somewhat more likely to not pay road tolls (48%)
compared with respondents in EU15 countries (40%). However, similar proportions of
respondents who do pay road tolls feel informed in the EU15 countries (35%) and the
NMS12 countries (33%).
Socio-demographics
Overall, there are few substantial differences between socio-demographic groups in
terms of how informed respondents feel about the uses of road tolls.
Respondents from rural villages are more likely to report that they do not use roads with
tolls (47%) compared with respondents in small or mid-sized towns (40%) and residents
in large towns (37%).
In addition, respondents who are self-employed (31%), managers (36%) and other
white collar workers (34%) are somewhat less likely to say they did not pay road tolls
compared with manual workers (41%), house persons (46%), unemployed persons
(44%), retired persons (48%) and students (47%).
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Relationships with Road Use
EU citizens’ experience and views on road tolls are related to road use, as would be
expected. Similar numbers of Europeans who drive their own vehicle or a company
vehicle (35% and 30%, respectively) do not pay road tolls. By contrast, more than half
of those who are a passenger in a vehicle or who rarely or never drive do not pay road
tolls.
Among respondents who do pay road tolls, those who are passengers or rarely or never
drive are also less informed about the road tolls they pay (72% and 78% say they are
not informed, respectively) compared with those who drive their own vehicle or a
company vehicle (both 62%).
Europeans who use roads regularly are less likely to not pay road tolls than those who
only use them occasionally (39% versus 46%). Regular road users who pay road tolls are
also less likely to feel uninformed about the road tolls they pay than occasional road
users who pay these tolls (63% and 72% uninformed, respectively).
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The main reason for using roads is closely related to whether a respondent reports
paying road tolls. Around four out of ten of those whose main reason for using roads
outside of cities is to go to work or for leisure say that they do pay road tolls (40% and
42%, respectively). However only around three in ten respondents who use roads for
work related reasons (32%) and fewer than one in five respondents who are professional
drivers (17%) say that they do not pay road tolls.
There is also a significant divide between different types of road users in terms of how
informed EU citizens feel about the tolls they pay. Those whose main reason for
using roads outside of cities is leisure are 10 percentage points more likely to
not feel informed about the road tolls they pay compared with those who
primarily use these roads for work related reasons (68% versus 58%). Those
who primarily use the roads to commute to work are in the middle with 62%.
Just under a third of those who experience congestion regularly do not pay road tolls
(32%) compared with half of those who never experience congestion (50%). Those who
experience congestion regularly are also more likely to be informed about the tolls they
pay (42%) compared to those who occasionally (31%) or never experience congestion
(28%).
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
4.2 Paying for higher road tolls
- One quarter of respondents would be willing to pay higher road tolls –
Basis: Respondents paying road tolls; EU27, n=14,130
Respondents are asked about the conditions in which they would be willing to pay higher
road tolls. Roughly three quarters of respondents (73%) say they would not be ready to
pay higher road tolls under any circumstances. However, approximately one in ten
respondents say they would be willing to pay higher tolls if it ensures better road
maintenance and repair (13%) or if these road tolls are used to improve road safety
(9%). Slightly fewer than one in ten respondents (7%) say they would be ready to pay
larger road tolls if it is beneficial for the environment. Approximately one in twenty
respondents (6%) say they would be ready to pay higher road tolls if it ensures less
congestion, but also if these road tolls are used to improve public transport (6%).
The low willingness to pay higher tolls for better road maintenance and repair (13%)
provides a strong contrast with the high support for increasing government spending on
roads outside of cities (80%). This may indicate that respondents are more willing to
support increased road spending in the abstract but not when the cost falls directly on
them. Alternatively, this result could reflect scepticism that road tolls would be an
effective way to achieve better road maintenance.
43 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
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Overall, one quarter of EU citizens would be willing to pay higher road tolls (25%).
Respondents in Sweden (52%), Denmark (46%) and Cyprus (45%) would be most
willing to pay higher road tolls. Approximately one in six respondents in Malta (17%) and
France (17%) would be willing to pay higher road tolls. Fewer than one in ten
respondents in Estonia (8%) and Portugal (7%) would be willing to pay higher road tolls.
Basis: Respondents paying road tolls; EU27, n=14,130 Three out of ten citizens in Belgium and Bulgaria are ready to pay higher road tolls if the
money is used for road maintenance and repair (both 30%). The obvious explanation for
this willingness would be a low opinion of the road quality in these countries. However,
only slightly fewer respondents in Belgium rate the quality of roads as good (48%) than
the EU average (50%) and there are an additional six Member States who have worse
ratings of their roads than Bulgaria (24%). Only two percent of respondents in Portugal
would be ready to pay more in road tolls if the money is used for road maintenance and
repair.
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Roughly one third of respondents in Cyprus (32%) would be willing to pay more in tolls if
doing so would increase road safety. Again, only two percent of respondents in Portugal
would be willing to pay higher tolls for this reason, the lowest proportion of all EU
Member States.
The results from Cyprus (where there are currently no road tolls) suggests that there is
not strong opposition to introducing tolls. Relatively few respondents in Cyprus say that
they would not be willing to pay higher road tolls (29%) although an additional 26% say
that they do not know. Respondents in Cyprus are particularly willing to pay higher road
tolls to improve road safety (32%), the highest proportion of any Member State. This is
despite Cyprus' road safety record being only slightly worse than the EU average4 Indeed
Portugal where the smallest proportion of respondents would be willing to pay higher
road tolls for this reason (2%) has a worse road safety record.
Respondents in Sweden also stand out as having very different preferences for tolls.
More than three out of ten respondents are willing to pay higher road tolls if it is
beneficial for the environment (34%) or if the road tolls were spent on improving public
transport (31%). These factors make Sweden the only EU Member State where more
than half of respondents would be ready to pay higher road tolls (52%).
Only one percent of respondents in Latvia would pay higher tolls to help the environment
and only one percent of respondents in Portugal would pay higher tolls to improve public
transport.
One in five respondents in Luxembourg (20%) would be willing to spend more on road
tolls to reduce congestion, but only one percent of respondents in Latvia, Spain and
Portugal would pay higher tolls for this reason.
A similar proportion of respondents in the EU15 countries (24%) and the NMS12
countries (25%) say that they would be ready to pay higher road tolls.
4
Recent figures from the European Commission show that Cyprus had 59 road fatalities per million inhabitants
in 2012 compared with 55 per million across the EU as a whole http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-13236_en.htm. Portugal had 71 road fatalities over the same time period.
45 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Basis: Respondents paying road tolls; EU27, n=14,130
46 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Socio-demographics
Basis: Respondents paying road tolls; EU27, n=14,130
Respondents who finished education at age 20+ (66%) are less likely to report they
would not be willing to pay higher road tolls than those who finished education aged 15
or younger (79%) or while they were aged 16-19 (76%).
Respondents who position themselves high up on the social scale are more likely to say
they would not pay higher road tolls (78%) compared with those who position
themselves low down on the social scale (67%).
Relationships with Road Use
Basis: Respondents paying road tolls; EU27, n=14,130
47 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
There are few differences in overall willingness to pay higher road tolls according to the
driving habits of respondents. Around seven in ten of those who drive their own vehicle
(73%), are a passenger (70%) or rarely or never drive (71%) would not be willing to pay
higher road tolls. Only those who drive a company vehicle are any less likely to say that
they would be unwilling to pay more for road tolls (63%) and, even among these road
users, a strong majority say they would not be ready to pay more.
Interestingly, those who consider the quality of roads to be poor are more likely to say
that they would not pay more compared with those who say the roads are good (74%
versus 72%). However, they are slightly more likely to be willing to pay more if it
ensures better road maintenance and repair (15% versus 11%) but this is offset by the
lower numbers who are willing to pay more for the environment (5% versus 8%), reduce
congestion (5% versus 7%) or improve public transport (5% versus 6%).
Europeans who mainly use roads outside of cities for commuting or leisure are less likely
to be willing to pay more on road tolls for any reason. Nearly three quarters of them
would not be ready to pay more (73% among commuters and 74% amongst leisure
users). Europeans who mainly use these roads for work related reasons are somewhat
less likely to reject the option of paying more (66%) as are those are professional drivers
(64%). Those who use the roads for work related reasons are the most likely to support
paying higher tolls if it ensured better road maintenance (17%) but are least likely to
support higher road tolls if they are beneficial to the environment (5%).
Respondents who regularly experience congestion are somewhat less likely to reject
higher tolls under any circumstances (71%) compared with those who never experience
congestion (78%). This is accounted for by their higher willingness to pay tolls for road
maintenance (14% versus 10%) and to ensure less congestion (9% versus 4%). It
should be noticed that this difference is considerably smaller than the 13 percentage
point difference in preferences for increasing government spending more on roads (86%
versus 73%).
48 SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
CONCLUSIONS
This report focusses on three important aspects of European opinion about roads:

The quality of the roads located outside of cities;

Congestion on these roads;

What is included in road toll rates.
Each of these aspects shows patterns across different types of road users. Leisure users,
occasional users and passengers all show the same pattern of results when compared
with commuters, regular users and those who drive their own vehicles, respectively.
Regular road users are far more likely to experience congestion, and are somewhat
more likely to feel informed about what is included in road toll rates (among those who
pay these tolls) compared with occasional users. However, there is little difference in
assessments of road quality between these groups. The same pattern of results is seen
when comparing commuters and leisure users or those who drive their own
vehicles and passengers.
Most
Europeans
only
experience
congestion
on
roads
outside
of
cities
occasionally, with 69% experiencing congestion two or three times a month or less.
However, there are some notable exceptions including Malta where 45% experience
congestion every day or almost every day. This partly reflects Malta's high usage of
these roads (59% use them every day or almost every day) but this connection is not
universal. Italy has high congestion despite relatively average usage of roads and
Slovenia has high road usage but low congestion.
Europeans in all Member States do not feel informed about the use of road tolls.
More than half of citizens in all Member States except Portugal (49%) say that they are
not informed about the use of these tolls. This lack of knowledge may also feed into the
rejection of paying more for road tolls. Nearly three quarters of Europeans would not be
ready to pay more (73%). However, there are substantial differences between Member
States both in terms of their willingness to pay and what they are willing to pay for.
Assessments of road quality vary widely across the EU. At the EU level, half of
respondents rate the quality of roads outside of cities as good (50%) but the percentages
within Member States range from 96% positive in the Netherlands to just 10% positive
responses in Latvia and the Czech Republic. Negative assessments of road quality are
associated with higher support for increasing government spending on roads both at the
individual and national level. However, even among those respondents who rate the
quality of the roads as good, there is high support for increasing government spending
on maintaining roads outside of cities (67%)
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“The use of roads located outside of cities”
The most consistent result in the survey is the support for increased government
spending on roads outside of cities. Four out of five Europeans agree that government
should spend more (80%). This support is strong across Member States, different types
of road users and socio-demographic groups.
One quarter of EU citizens would be willing to pay higher road tolls (25%) on the
condition that it would ensure better road maintenance, improved road safety,
environmental benefits, less congestion or improved public transport. EU citizens
opposing higher tolls the most, on the other hand, are to a large extent from countries
already facing relatively high (distance based) road tolls, e.g. France, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
50 ANNEXES
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
Attitudes of Europeans towards the use of roads located outside of cities
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Between the 26 April and 14 May 2013, TNS opinion & social, a consortium created between TNS plc and TNS
opinion, carried out the wave 79.2 of the EUROBAROMETER survey, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Directorate-General for Communication, “Strategy, Corporate Communication Actions and Eurobarometer”.
The Special EUROBAROMETER 400 survey is part of wave 79.2 and covers the population of the respective
nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and
over.
The EUROBAROMETER survey wave 79.2 has also been conducted in Croatia where the survey covers the national
population of citizens and the population of citizens of all the European Union Member States that are residents in
this country and have a sufficient command of the national languages to answer the questionnaire.
The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number
of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country)
and to population density.
In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units",
after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries
surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident
population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected
sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected
by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at
random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in
the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal
Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.
For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description
was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national
weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe
description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For
international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided
by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure
are listed below.
TS1
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests
upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real
percentages vary within the following confidence limits:
Statistical Margins due to the sampling process
(at the 95% level of confidence)
various sample sizes are in rows
various observed results are in columns
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
N=50
6,0
8,3
9,9
11,1
12,0
12,7
13,2
13,6
13,8
13,9
N=50
N=500
1,9
2,6
3,1
3,5
3,8
4,0
4,2
4,3
4,4
4,4
N=500
N=1000
1,4
1,9
2,2
2,5
2,7
2,8
3,0
3,0
3,1
3,1
N=1000
N=1500
1,1
1,5
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,3
2,4
2,5
2,5
2,5
N=1500
N=2000
1,0
1,3
1,6
1,8
1,9
2,0
2,1
2,1
2,2
2,2
N=2000
N=3000
0,8
1,1
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,6
1,7
1,8
1,8
1,8
N=3000
N=4000
0,7
0,9
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,4
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
N=4000
N=5000
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,3
1,4
1,4
1,4
N=5000
N=6000
0,6
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,3
1,3
N=6000
N=7000
0,5
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,2
1,2
N=7000
N=7500
0,5
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,0
1,1
1,1
1,1
1,1
N=7500
N=8000
0,5
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,9
1,0
1,0
1,1
1,1
1,1
N=8000
N=9000
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,9
1,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
N=9000
N=10000
0,4
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,9
1,0
1,0
1,0
N=10000
N=11000
0,4
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,8
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
N=11000
N=12000
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,9
0,9
0,9
N=12000
N=13000
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,9
0,9
N=13000
N=14000
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
N=14000
N=15000
0,3
0,5
0,6
0,6
0,7
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,8
N=15000
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
TS2
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
ABBR.
COUNTRIES
INSTITUTES
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Germany
Estonia
Ireland
Greece
Spain
France
Italy
Rep. of Cyprus
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Hungary
Malta
Netherlands
AT
Austria
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovenia
Slovakia
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
TNS Dimarso
TNS BBSS
TNS Aisa
TNS Gallup DK
TNS Infratest
Emor
IMS Millward Brown
TNS ICAP
TNS Demoscopia
TNS Sofres
TNS Italia
Synovate
TNS Latvia
TNS LT
TNS ILReS
TNS Hoffmann Kft
MISCO
TNS NIPO
Österreichisches
Gallup-Institut
TNS OBOP
TNS EUROTESTE
TNS CSOP
RM PLUS
TNS Slovakia
TNS Gallup Oy
TNS GALLUP
TNS UK
Croatia
Puls
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
TOTAL
EU27
HR
TOTAL
EU28
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
N°
INTERVIEWS
1.000
1.018
1.000
1.004
1.499
1.003
1.002
1.000
1.003
1.027
1.016
505
1.006
1.027
505
1.033
500
1.019
FIELDWORK
DATES
27/04/2013
26/04/2013
27/04/2013
26/04/2013
26/04/2013
26/04/2013
27/04/2013
26/04/2013
27/04/2013
26/04/2013
28/04/2013
26/04/2013
26/04/2013
27/04/2013
26/04/2013
27/04/2013
26/04/2013
27/04/2013
13/05/2013
06/05/2013
09/05/2013
13/05/2013
12/05/2013
12/05/2013
12/05/2013
11/05/2013
12/05/2013
13/05/2013
10/05/2013
12/05/2013
13/05/2013
12/05/2013
14/05/2013
12/05/2013
11/05/2013
13/05/2013
POPULATION
15+
8.939.546
6.537.510
9.012.443
4.561.264
64.336.389
945.733
3.522.000
8.693.566
39.127.930
47.756.439
51.862.391
660.400
1.447.866
2.829.740
434.878
8.320.614
335.476
13.371.980
1.022
27/04/2013
12/05/2013
7.009.827
1.000
1.015
1.027
1.017
1.000
1.003
1.006
1.306
27/04/2013
02/05/2013
27/04/2013
27/04/2013
29/04/2013
26/04/2013
27/04/2013
27/04/2013
13/05/2013
14/05/2013
11/05/2013
12/05/2013
12/05/2013
14/05/2013
12/05/2013
14/05/2013
32.413.735
8.080.915
18.246.731
1.759.701
4.549.955
4.440.004
7.791.240
51.848.010
26.563
26/04/2013
14/05/2013
1.000
27/04/2013
12/05/2013
27.563
26/04/2013
14/05/2013
408.836.283
3.749.400
412.585.683
TS3
QUESTIONNAIRE
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
C. Road tolls
ASK ALL
This survey focuses on the use of motorised road vehicles (e.g. cars,
vans, trucks, buses and scooters/ motorbikes) driving on roads located
outside cities, and therefore excludes the use of roads located within
cities.
QC1
Please tell me which of the following situations apply to you when it
comes to driving a vehicle. (M)
(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
You drive your own vehicle (M)
1,
You drive a company/ fleet vehicle (M)
2,
You are a passenger in someone else’s vehicle (N)
3,
You rarely or never drive (M)
4,
Other (SPONTANEOUS)
5,
DK
6,
EB65.4 QE1 TREND MODIFIED
QC2
How often do you use roads located outside of cities, either as a driver or
as a passenger?
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)
Every day/ almost everyday
1
Two or three times a week
2
About once a week
3
Two or three times a month
4
Less often
5
Never
6
DK
7
NEW
ASK QC3 TO QC8 IF "TAKE ROADS LOCATED OUTSIDE CITIES", CODE 1 TO 5 IN
QC2 – OTHERS GO TO QD1
QC3
How do you rate the overall quality of the roads located outside cities in
(OUR COUNTRY)?
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)
Very good
1
Fairly good
2
Fairly poor
3
Very poor
4
DK
5
NEW
QC4
To what extent do you agree or disagree with following statement:
(NATIONALITY) Government or the local authorities should spend more
money on maintaining and repairing roads located outside cities in (OUR
COUNTRY)?
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)
Totally agree
1
Tend to agree
2
Tend to disagree
3
Totally disagree
4
DK
5
NEW
Q1
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
QC5
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
For what purpose do you use roads located outside cities most often?
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)
To commute to work
For your leisure activities
For work related reasons
Because you are a professional driver (e.g. taxi driver, truck
driver, etc.)
Other (SPONTANEOUS)
DK
NEW
QC6
1
2
3
4
5
6
How often do you experience congestion on roads located outside cities?
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)
Every day/ almost everyday
Two or three times a week
About once a week
Two or three times a month
Less often
Never
DK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NEW
QC7
If you pay road tolls, how informed do you feel about what you pay for
when you pay road tolls, including increased tolls?
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY)
Very well informed
1
Fairly well informed
2
Not very well informed
3
Not at all informed
4
You do not pay road tolls (SPONTANEOUS)
5
DK
6
NEW
ASK QC8 IF "PAY ROAD TOLLS", CODE 1 TO 4 IN QC7 – OTHERS GO TO QD1
QC8
Would you be ready to pay higher road tolls or not?
(READ OUT – ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
No, you would not be ready to pay more
Yes, if it ensures better road maintenance and repair
Yes, if it ensures less congestion
Yes, if it is beneficial for the environment
Yes, if tolls are spent on improving public transport
Yes, if tolls are spent on improving road safety
DK
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
NEW
Q2
TABLES
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC1 Pourriez-vous me dire lesquelles des situations suivantes s’appliquent à vous à propos de la conduite d’un véhicule.
(PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)
QC1 Please tell me which of the following situations apply to you when it comes to driving a vehicle. (MULTIPLE ANSWERS
POSSIBLE)
QC1 Bitte sagen Sie mir, welche der folgenden Situationen auf Sie zutreffen, wenn es darum geht, ein Kraftfahrzeug zu
fahren. (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
%
Vous conduisez
votre propre
véhicule
Vous conduisez un
véhicule de société
You drive your
own vehicle
Sie fahren Ihr
eigenes Fahrzeug
EB
79.2
Diff.
EB
65.4
Vous êtes passager(e)
Vous ne
dans le véhicule de
conduisez jamais
quelqu’un d’autre
ou que rarement
Autre
(SPONT.)
NSP
You drive a
company\ fleet
vehicle
You are a passenger in
someone else’s vehicle
You rarely or
never drive
Other
(SPONT.)
DK
Sie fahren ein
Firmenfahrzeug
bzw. ein Fahrzeug
aus einem Fuhrpark
Sie fahren im
Fahrzeug einer
anderen Person als
Passagier mit
Sie fahren selten
oder nie
Andere
(SPONT.)
WN
EB
79.2
Diff.
EB
65.4
EB
79.2
Diff.
EB
65.4
EB
79.2
Diff.
EB
65.4
EB
79.2
Diff.
Diff.
EB
EB
EB
79.2
65.4
65.4
EU27
61
4
5
1
33
33
15
6
2
2
1
1
BE
64
0
8
0
31
31
19
12
1
0
0
0
BG
36
CZ
52
11
7
1
27
27
22
7
3
3
1
1
DK
74
14
12
3
54
54
9
-5
2
1
0
0
DE
69
5
7
4
27
27
17
7
1
1
0
0
2
42
11
0
15
EE
44
9
8
1
43
43
14
2
1
1
2
2
IE
69
5
2
1
18
18
14
12
0
-1
1
1
EL
52
8
1
-1
43
43
9
0
2
2
1
1
ES
57
9
2
0
33
33
10
3
7
6
1
1
FR
75
6
7
1
34
34
16
8
1
1
0
0
IT
73
8
3
-2
15
15
8
1
3
3
0
0
CY
80
9
5
-2
46
46
1
-2
1
-1
0
0
LV
40
15
10
5
46
46
16
6
0
0
1
1
LT
42
8
4
1
39
39
24
14
2
2
1
1
LU
78
3
7
3
41
41
9
6
2
1
0
0
HU
35
5
2
-1
32
32
32
19
3
2
1
1
MT
61
6
2
-2
45
45
5
-1
1
1
0
0
NL
69
5
12
4
42
42
11
3
2
1
0
0
AT
70
9
5
1
23
23
12
0
1
0
0
0
PL
41
10
3
0
46
46
10
-4
4
4
2
2
-6
3
0
37
37
14
9
1
1
3
3
PT
44
RO
30
SI
73
6
SK
45
11
7
1
FI
67
7
4
-2
3
5
45
1
37
15
7
3
4
37
6
-1
2
0
0
37
37
18
-2
3
2
0
0
40
40
9
0
2
1
0
0
SE
69
3
13
3
52
52
15
5
1
1
0
0
UK
62
3
6
1
34
34
23
16
1
1
0
0
HR
51
4
35
16
3
0
T1
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC2 A quelle fréquence utilisez-vous des routes situées en dehors des villes, en tant que conducteur(trice) ou en tant
que passager(e) ?
QC2 How often do you use roads located outside of cities, either as a driver or as a passenger?
QC2 Wie oft nutzen Sie entweder als Fahrer oder Beifahrer Straßen außerhalb von Städten?
Tous les jours\
Presque tous les
jours
Deux ou trois
fois par
semaine
Every day\
almost
everyday
Two or three
times a week
About once a
week
Täglich oder
nahezu täglich
2- oder 3-mal
pro Woche
%
EB
79.2
EU27
Environ une fois Deux ou trois
par semaine
fois par mois
Moins
souvent
Jamais
NSP
Two or three
times a
month
Less often
Never
DK
Ungefähr
einmal die
Woche
2- oder 3-mal
pro Monat
Seltener
Nie
WN
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
34
16
12
12
19
7
0
0
BE
44
20
11
8
11
6
BG
12
9
13
20
37
7
2
CZ
31
18
17
12
18
4
0
DK
45
21
9
12
10
3
0
DE
44
19
11
8
13
5
0
EE
26
20
15
15
20
4
0
IE
37
12
9
12
22
8
0
EL
13
12
10
14
45
5
1
ES
28
17
13
14
22
6
0
FR
43
16
12
8
14
7
0
IT
35
14
13
10
18
10
0
CY
24
10
16
19
28
3
0
LV
26
16
14
17
22
5
0
LT
20
15
18
18
23
6
0
LU
57
21
10
5
4
3
0
HU
19
12
12
18
29
10
0
MT
59
20
11
4
5
1
0
NL
39
24
11
12
11
3
0
AT
40
22
13
11
11
3
0
PL
26
13
12
17
24
5
3
PT
24
11
11
10
32
12
0
RO
15
11
13
22
29
9
1
0
SI
50
20
12
7
10
1
SK
27
17
14
14
22
5
1
FI
31
21
14
14
17
3
0
SE
34
17
13
18
17
1
0
UK
35
17
10
9
21
8
0
HR
24
12
11
18
29
6
0
T2
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC2 A quelle fréquence utilisez-vous des routes situées en dehors des villes, en tant que conducteur(trice) ou en tant
que passager(e) ?
QC2 How often do you use roads located outside of cities, either as a driver or as a passenger?
QC2 Wie oft nutzen Sie entweder als Fahrer oder Beifahrer Straßen außerhalb von Städten?
Total 'Régulièrement'
Total
'Occasionnellement'
Jamais
NSP
Total 'Regularly'
Total 'Occasionally'
Never
DK
Gesamt 'Regelmäßig'
Gesamt 'Gelegentlich'
Nie
WN
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
62
31
7
0
BE
75
19
6
0
BG
34
57
7
2
CZ
66
30
4
0
DK
75
22
3
0
DE
74
21
5
0
EE
61
35
4
0
IE
58
34
8
0
EL
35
59
5
1
ES
58
36
6
0
FR
71
22
7
0
IT
62
28
10
0
CY
50
47
3
0
LV
56
39
5
0
LT
53
41
6
0
LU
88
9
3
0
HU
43
47
10
0
MT
90
9
1
0
NL
74
23
3
0
AT
75
22
3
0
PL
51
41
5
3
PT
46
42
12
0
RO
39
51
9
1
SI
82
17
1
0
SK
58
36
5
1
FI
66
31
3
0
SE
64
35
1
0
UK
62
30
8
0
HR
47
47
6
0
T3
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC3 Comment évaluez-vous la qualité générale des routes situées en dehors des villes en (NOTRE PAYS) ?
QC3 How do you rate the overall quality of the roads located outside cities in (OUR COUNTRY)?
QC3 Wie bewerten Sie insgesamt die Qualität der Straßen außerhalb von Städten in (UNSEREM LAND)?
Très bonne
Plutôt bonne
Plutôt
mauvaise
Très mauvaise
NSP
Total 'Bonne'
Total
'Mauvaise'
Very good
Fairly good
Fairly poor
Very poor
DK
Total 'Good'
Total 'Poor'
Sehr gut
Ziemlich gut
Ziemlich
schlecht
Sehr schlecht
WN
Gesamt 'Gut'
Gesamt
'Schlecht'
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
7
43
31
17
2
50
48
BE
3
45
38
14
0
48
52
BG
2
22
47
27
2
24
74
CZ
1
9
40
50
0
10
90
DK
15
56
22
6
1
71
28
DE
5
49
32
11
3
54
43
EE
2
53
33
10
2
55
43
IE
17
43
23
16
1
60
39
EL
2
25
42
30
1
27
72
ES
7
57
27
6
3
64
33
FR
8
64
22
5
1
72
27
IT
5
35
36
22
2
40
58
CY
15
61
20
4
0
76
24
LV
1
9
31
58
1
10
89
LT
3
57
29
9
2
60
38
LU
21
66
10
3
0
87
13
HU
0
14
42
42
2
14
84
MT
5
56
28
10
1
61
38
NL
42
54
3
0
1
96
3
AT
19
63
15
1
2
82
16
PL
1
21
48
27
3
22
75
PT
3
54
34
5
4
57
39
RO
2
17
39
40
2
19
79
70
SI
1
28
41
29
1
29
SK
1
11
28
59
1
12
87
FI
7
55
33
5
0
62
38
SE
11
58
24
6
1
69
30
UK
7
42
26
22
3
49
48
HR
6
46
34
12
2
52
46
T4
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC4 Dans quelle mesure êtes-vous d’accord ou pas d’accord avec l’affirmation suivante : le Gouvernement ou les autorités
locales (NATIONALITE) devraient dépenser plus d’argent à l’entretien et à la réparation des routes situées en dehors des villes
en (NOTRE PAYS).
QC4 To what extent do you agree or disagree with following statement: (NATIONALITY) Government or the local authorities
should spend more money on maintaining and repairing roads located outside cities in (OUR COUNTRY).
QC4 Inwieweit stimmen Sie der folgenden Aussage zu oder nicht zu: Die (NATIONALE) Regierung oder die lokalen Behörden
sollten mehr Geld für die Instandhaltung und Reparatur von Straßen außerhalb von Städten in (UNSEREM LAND) ausgeben.
Tout à fait
d’accord
Plutôt d’accord
Plutôt pas
d’accord
Pas du tout
d’accord
NSP
Total
'D'accord'
Total 'Pas
d'accord'
Totally agree
Tend to agree
Tend to
disagree
Totally
disagree
DK
Total 'Agree'
Total
'Disagree'
Stimme voll
und ganz zu
Stimme eher
zu
Stimme eher
nicht zu
Stimme
überhaupt
nicht zu
WN
Gesamt
'Stimme zu'
Total 'Stimme
nicht zu'
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
42
38
13
4
3
80
17
BE
35
49
14
2
0
84
16
BG
43
40
8
5
4
83
13
CZ
70
23
3
3
1
93
6
DK
26
41
24
6
3
67
30
DE
36
41
16
3
4
77
19
EE
47
41
7
2
3
88
9
IE
54
37
5
2
2
91
7
EL
59
34
5
1
1
93
6
ES
37
40
14
5
4
77
19
FR
25
41
23
7
4
66
30
IT
47
42
7
1
3
89
8
CY
62
31
5
1
1
93
6
LV
73
23
2
1
1
96
3
LT
36
47
9
3
5
83
12
LU
11
31
43
14
1
42
57
HU
62
31
5
1
1
93
6
MT
61
36
2
0
1
97
2
NL
10
24
45
17
4
34
62
AT
14
46
30
5
5
60
35
PL
49
42
5
1
3
91
6
PT
20
47
21
6
6
67
27
RO
64
25
5
3
3
89
8
SI
59
30
7
1
3
89
8
SK
72
23
2
2
1
95
4
FI
36
46
12
4
2
82
16
SE
38
40
15
4
3
78
19
UK
55
30
10
2
3
85
12
HR
38
43
14
3
2
81
17
T5
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC5 Pour quelle raison, principalement, utilisez-vous des routes situées en dehors des villes ?
QC5 For what purpose do you use roads located outside cities most often?
QC5 Für welchen Zweck nutzen Sie Straßen außerhalb von Städten am häufigsten?
Pour aller au
travail
Pour vos activités Pour des raisons
de loisir
professionnelles
Parce que vous êtes un(e)
conducteur(trice)
professionnel(le) (p. ex.
chauffeur de taxi, routier,
etc.)
Autre
(SPONT.)
NSP
To commute to
work
For your leisure
activities
For work related
reasons
Because you are a
professional driver (e.g. taxi
driver, truck driver, etc.)
Other
(SPONT.)
DK
Um zur Arbeit zu
fahren
Für Freizeitaktivitäten
Aus beruflichen
Gründen
Weil Sie Berufskraftfahrer
sind (z. B. Taxifahrer, LKWFahrer etc.)
Sonstiges
(SPONT.)
WN
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
23
54
10
1
11
1
BE
28
55
10
1
6
0
BG
12
65
10
1
11
1
%
CZ
26
57
10
2
4
1
DK
29
56
9
1
5
0
DE
26
51
11
1
11
0
EE
16
67
11
1
3
2
IE
22
54
10
2
11
1
EL
11
61
17
1
8
2
ES
23
52
5
1
19
0
FR
29
57
6
0
8
0
IT
26
41
14
1
17
1
CY
20
63
8
0
9
0
LV
21
62
10
1
5
1
1
LT
14
61
9
1
14
LU
37
48
6
1
8
0
HU
16
58
15
1
9
1
MT
43
37
3
0
16
1
NL
26
57
12
0
5
0
AT
27
55
11
0
7
0
PL
17
61
10
1
8
3
PT
19
58
7
2
12
2
RO
10
43
16
1
28
2
SI
28
49
9
1
13
0
SK
23
53
13
1
9
1
FI
20
64
7
2
7
0
SE
24
63
8
0
5
0
UK
25
62
10
1
1
1
HR
17
57
10
1
15
0
T6
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC6 A quelle fréquence rencontrez-vous des embouteillages sur des routes situées en dehors des villes ?
QC6 How often do you experience congestion on roads located outside cities?
QC6 Wie häufig erleben Sie Staus auf Straßen außerhalb von Städten?
Tous les jours\
presque tous les
jours
Deux ou trois
fois par
semaine
Every day\
almost
everyday
Two or three
times a week
About once a
week
Täglich oder
nahezu täglich
2- oder 3-mal
pro Woche
%
EB
79.2
EU27
Environ une fois Deux ou trois
par semaine
fois par mois
Moins
souvent
Jamais
NSP
Two or three
times a
month
Less often
Never
DK
Ungefähr
einmal die
Woche
2- oder 3-mal
pro Monat
Seltener
Niemals
WN
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
11
10
9
10
42
17
1
BE
15
11
9
8
39
18
0
BG
1
2
2
6
52
34
3
CZ
7
7
10
10
44
21
1
DK
8
7
6
11
49
19
0
DE
7
7
9
9
59
9
0
EE
2
3
1
2
21
70
1
IE
9
13
12
12
41
12
1
EL
4
5
6
8
60
16
1
ES
11
9
9
8
38
24
1
FR
8
5
7
7
36
37
0
IT
26
21
13
11
25
2
2
CY
4
8
9
14
52
11
2
LV
4
2
3
4
30
57
0
LT
3
4
3
3
26
60
1
LU
22
16
11
10
27
14
0
HU
6
9
8
12
50
13
2
MT
45
21
14
4
11
3
2
NL
4
7
9
10
44
25
1
AT
10
12
11
15
39
12
1
PL
8
8
10
13
42
14
5
PT
9
10
8
5
48
19
1
RO
9
9
13
16
37
13
3
1
SI
8
6
9
8
55
13
SK
8
9
9
10
43
20
1
FI
4
5
6
6
44
34
1
SE
2
1
4
6
57
30
0
UK
13
14
12
10
40
10
1
HR
10
7
10
11
53
9
0
T7
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC6 A quelle fréquence rencontrez-vous des embouteillages sur des routes situées en dehors des villes ?
QC6 How often do you experience congestion on roads located outside cities?
QC6 Wie häufig erleben Sie Staus auf Straßen außerhalb von Städten?
Total 'Régulièrement'
Total
'Occasionnellement'
Jamais
NSP
Total 'Regularly'
Total 'Occasionally'
Never
DK
Gesamt 'Regelmäßig'
Gesamt 'Gelegentlich'
Niemals
WN
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
30
52
17
1
BE
35
47
18
0
BG
5
58
34
3
1
CZ
24
54
21
DK
21
60
19
0
DE
23
68
9
0
EE
6
23
70
1
1
IE
34
53
12
EL
15
68
16
1
ES
29
46
24
1
FR
20
43
37
0
2
IT
60
36
2
CY
21
66
11
2
LV
9
34
57
0
LT
10
29
60
1
LU
49
37
14
0
HU
23
62
13
2
MT
80
15
3
2
NL
20
54
25
1
AT
33
54
12
1
PL
26
55
14
5
PT
27
53
19
1
RO
31
53
13
3
SI
23
63
13
1
SK
26
53
20
1
FI
15
50
34
1
SE
7
63
30
0
UK
39
50
10
1
HR
27
64
9
0
T8
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC7 Si vous payez des péages routiers, dans quelle mesure vous sentez-vous informé(e) des raisons pour lesquelles vous
devez les payer, y compris en cas d’augmentation ?
QC7 If you pay road tolls, how informed do you feel about what you pay for when you pay road tolls, including increased
tolls?
QC7 Falls Sie Mautgebühren zahlen, wie gut fühlen Sie sich darüber informiert, wofür Sie mit Ihren Mautgebühren
bezahlen, einschließlich von Mauterhöhungen?
Vous ne payez
pas de péages
routiers
(SPONT.)
NSP
Total
'Informé'
Total 'Pas
informé'
You do not pay
road tolls
(SPONT.)
DK
Total
'Informed'
Total 'Not
informed'
Überhaupt Sie zahlen keine
nicht
Mautgebühren
informiert
(SPONT.)
WN
Total
Total 'Nicht
'Informiert' informiert'
Pas très
Pas du tout
bien
informé(e)
informé(e)
Très bien
informé(e)
Assez bien
informé(e)
Very well
informed
Fairly well
informed
Not very
well
informed
Sehr gut
informiert
Ziemlich
gut
informiert
Nicht
besonders
gut
informiert
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
4
16
19
18
42
1
20
37
BE
3
14
22
19
42
0
17
41
BG
6
11
16
11
54
2
17
27
39
Not at all
informed
CZ
3
10
19
20
48
0
13
DK
8
14
13
9
55
1
22
22
DE
2
7
12
10
68
1
9
22
EE
1
3
6
11
74
5
4
17
IE
10
28
22
24
15
1
38
46
EL
9
26
32
21
12
0
35
53
ES
2
12
12
21
52
1
14
33
FR
4
18
26
36
15
1
22
62
50
IT
6
28
28
22
15
1
34
CY
0
3
0
3
90
4
3
3
LV
4
9
22
23
41
1
13
45
LT
1
5
22
13
52
7
6
35
LU
3
22
17
9
49
0
25
26
HU
3
16
19
13
49
0
19
32
MT
0
3
6
8
77
6
3
14
NL
6
16
19
22
35
2
22
41
AT
5
29
31
12
23
0
34
43
PL
3
16
21
16
44
0
19
37
PT
4
32
24
10
30
0
36
34
RO
6
12
18
15
46
3
18
33
SI
5
20
29
24
20
2
25
53
SK
2
8
16
13
60
1
10
29
FI
1
4
4
4
87
0
5
8
SE
8
16
18
10
47
1
24
28
UK
5
13
19
14
48
1
18
33
HR
3
17
29
22
28
1
20
51
T9
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC7(2) Si vous payez des péages routiers, dans quelle mesure vous sentez-vous informé(e) des raisons pour lesquelles
vous devez les payer, y compris en cas d’augmentation ?
QC7(2) If you pay road tolls, how informed do you feel about what you pay for when you pay road tolls, including
increased tolls?
QC7(2) Falls Sie Mautgebühren zahlen, wie gut fühlen Sie sich darüber informiert, wofür Sie mit Ihren Mautgebühren
bezahlen, einschließlich von Mauterhöhungen?
Vous ne payez
pas de péages
routiers
(SPONT.)
NSP
Total
'Informé'
Total 'Pas
informé'
You do not pay
road tolls
(SPONT.)
DK
Total
'Informed'
Total 'Not
informed'
Überhaupt Sie zahlen keine
nicht
Mautgebühren
informiert
(SPONT.
WN
Total
Total 'Nicht
'Informiert' informiert'
Pas très
Pas du tout
bien
informé(e)
informé(e)
Très bien
informé(e)
Assez bien
informé(e)
Very well
informed
Fairly well
informed
Not very
well
informed
Sehr gut
informiert
Ziemlich
gut
informiert
Nicht
besonders
gut
informiert
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
7
27
34
32
0
0
34
66
BE
6
24
38
32
0
0
30
70
BG
13
26
36
25
0
0
39
61
Not at all
informed
CZ
6
19
37
38
0
0
25
75
DK
18
31
30
21
0
0
49
51
DE
7
23
37
33
0
0
30
70
EE
5
12
32
51
0
0
17
83
IE
12
34
25
29
0
0
46
54
EL
10
30
36
24
0
0
40
60
ES
5
25
26
44
0
0
30
70
FR
5
21
31
43
0
0
26
74
IT
7
33
34
26
0
0
40
60
CY
0
45
0
55
0
0
45
55
LV
7
15
38
40
0
0
22
78
LT
2
13
54
31
0
0
15
85
LU
5
43
33
19
0
0
48
52
HU
6
32
36
26
0
0
38
62
MT
2
17
36
45
0
0
19
81
NL
10
26
29
35
0
0
36
64
AT
6
38
41
15
0
0
44
56
PL
5
29
37
29
0
0
34
66
PT
6
45
35
14
0
0
51
49
RO
12
24
35
29
0
0
36
64
SI
6
26
37
31
0
0
32
68
SK
5
21
40
34
0
0
26
74
FI
7
33
28
32
0
0
40
60
SE
15
31
35
19
0
0
46
54
UK
10
26
36
28
0
0
36
64
30
0
0
29
71
4
25
41
HR
Base: Respondents paying road tolls; EU27, n=14,130
T10
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC8 Seriez-vous prêt(e) à payer des péages plus élevés ? (ROTATION – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)
QC8 Would you be ready to pay higher road tolls or not? (ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
QC8 Wären Sie bereit, höhere Mautgebühren zu bezahlen, oder wären Sie dazu nicht bereit? (ROTIEREN –
MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
Non, vous ne seriez pas prêt(e) à
payer plus
Oui, si cela assure un meilleur
entretien et réparation des routes
Oui, si cela assure moins
d’embouteillages
No, you would not be ready to pay
more
Yes, if it ensures better road
maintenance and repair
Yes, if it ensures less congestion
Nein, Sie wären nicht bereit, mehr
zu bezahlen
Ja, wenn dadurch eine bessere
Instandhaltung und Reparatur der
Straßen gewährleistet ist
Ja, wenn dadurch weniger Staus
gewährleistet werden
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
73
13
6
BE
55
30
14
BG
53
30
4
CZ
69
20
4
DK
53
23
15
DE
62
19
8
EE
65
18
4
IE
80
8
4
EL
81
13
6
ES
89
4
1
FR
82
7
4
IT
73
12
7
CY
29
19
6
LV
76
17
1
LT
67
20
6
LU
67
18
20
HU
67
12
5
MT
81
13
13
NL
54
10
11
AT
65
12
9
PL
80
9
4
PT
92
2
1
RO
59
23
4
SI
79
13
5
SK
67
19
5
FI
61
17
4
SE
45
27
17
UK
71
16
10
HR
72
13
9
T11
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 400
“The use of roads located outside of cities”
QC8 Seriez-vous prêt(e) à payer des péages plus élevés ? (ROTATION – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)
QC8 Would you be ready to pay higher road tolls or not? (ROTATE – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
QC8 Wären Sie bereit, höhere Mautgebühren zu bezahlen, oder wären Sie dazu nicht bereit? (ROTIEREN –
MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
Oui, si c’est bénéfique
pour l’environnement
Oui, si les péages étaient
utilisés pour améliorer les
transports publics
Oui, si les péages étaient
utilisés pour améliorer la
sécurité routière
NSP
Yes, if it is beneficial for
the environment
Yes, if tolls are spent on
improving public transport
Yes, if tolls are spent on
improving road safety
DK
Ja, wenn es der Umwelt
zugutekommt
Ja, wenn die Mautgebühren
zur Verbesserung des
öffentlichen
Personenverkehrs
ausgegeben werden
Ja, wenn die
Mautgebühren zur
Verbesserung der
Straßensicherheit
ausgegeben werden
WN
%
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EB
79.2
EU27
7
6
9
3
2
BE
8
10
17
BG
3
4
19
3
CZ
5
6
10
2
DK
21
20
26
1
DE
13
14
14
5
EE
10
5
10
5
IE
3
4
7
1
EL
6
7
13
0
ES
3
2
5
3
FR
7
5
9
1
IT
4
3
7
2
CY
3
3
32
26
LV
1
2
3
3
LT
8
4
10
4
LU
12
11
18
1
HU
6
6
11
4
MT
8
5
8
2
NL
11
5
7
7
AT
16
8
14
2
PL
3
4
4
2
PT
2
1
2
1
RO
3
5
7
10
SI
5
5
10
2
SK
6
9
7
4
FI
19
8
11
4
SE
34
31
22
3
UK
5
5
8
2
HR
6
4
15
2
T12