NORSOK STANDARD
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
WORKING ENVIRONMENT
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
Please note that whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the NORSOK
standards neither OLF nor TBL or any of their members will assume liability for any use thereof.
Working environment
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
CONTENTS
1 FOREWORD
2
2 SCOPE
2
3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
2
4 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
4.1 Definitions
4.2 Abbreviations
3
3
5
5 ANALYSES AND EVALUATIONS FOR CONTROL AND VERIFICATION
5.1 General
5.2 Procedures and work instructions
5.3 Working environment area limits
5.4 Constructability
5
5
6
7
10
6 WORKING ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS
6.1 Arrangements
6.2 Ergonomics
6.3 Technical appliances
6.4 Chemical substances and products
6.5 Noise and vibration
6.6 Illumination
6.7 Indoor climate
6.8 Outdoor operations
6.9 Radiation
10
10
10
12
12
13
15
16
16
16
7 INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
ANNEX A WORKING ENVIRONMENT AREA LIMITS (NORMATIVE)
ANNEX B VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CLEARANCES (NORMATIVE)
ANNEX C ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO INSTALLATION AREAS
(NORMATIVE)
ANNEX D TYPICAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (NORMATIVE)
ANNEX E VIBRATION LIMIT CURVES (NORMATIVE)
ANNEX F WORKING ENVIRONMENT AREA CHART (NORMATIVE)
ANNEX G LIST OF APPLICABLE ACTS, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS AND
GUIDELINES FOR THE NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL SHELF
(INFORMATIVE)
ANNEX H NOISE DATA SHEET (INFORMATIVE)
17
18
20
NORSOK standard
21
23
26
28
30
31
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Working environment
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S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
FOREWORD
NORSOK (The competitive standing of the Norwegian offshore sector) is the industry initiative to
add value, reduce cost and lead time and remove unnecessary activities in offshore field
developments and operations.
The NORSOK standards are developed by the Norwegian petroleum industry as a part of the
NORSOK initiative and are jointly issued by OLF (The Norwegian Oil Industry Association) and
TBL (The Federation of Norwegian Engineering Industries). NORSOK standards are administered
by NTS (Norwegian Technology Standards Institution).
The purpose of this industry standard is to replace the individual oil company specifications for use
in existing and future petroleum industry developments, subject to the individual company's review
and application.
The NORSOK standards make extensive references to international standards. Where relevant, the
contents of this standard will be used to provide input to the international standardization process.
Subject to implementation into international standards, this NORSOK standard will be withdrawn.
Annexes A, B, C, D, E, F are normative. Annexes G and H are informative.
Revision 2 includes relevant parts of the Norwegian Oil Industry Association's Ergonomic
guidelines for the offshore industry.
2
SCOPE
This standard applies to the design of new installations and modification/upgrading of existing
installations for offshore drilling, production, utilization and pipeline transportation of petroleum,
including accommodation units for such activities.
The purpose of this standard is to ensure, that the design of the installation promotes the quality of
the working environment during the operational phase.
This document addresses design principles related to the working environment. It also covers
requirements to the procedures for control and verification of design in order to ensure that these
principles are implemented.
3
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
EU Directive for Machinery Safety.
EU Directive for Safety Data Sheets.
NS-EN 292
EN 349
prEN 547
NORSOK standard
Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design,
Part 1 and 2.
Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the
human body.
Safety of machinery - Human body dimensions.
Page 2 of 30
Working environment
part 1
part 2
part 3
prEN 563
prEN 614
part 1
prEN 626
prEN 1005
part 2
part 3
prEN 1050
DIN VDE 0848, Part 4
ISO 717/1
ISO(DIS) 5349
ISO 2631/1
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for
whole body access into machinery.
Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings.
Anthropometric data.
Safety of machinery - Temperature of touchable surfaces - Ergonomics
data to establish temperature limit values for hot surfaces.
Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles.
Terminology and general principles.
Safety of machinery - Principles for machinery manufacturers for the
reduction of risk to health of hazardous substances emitted by
machinery.
Safety of machinery - Human physical performance.
Manual handling of objects associated to machinery.
Recommended force limits for machinery operations.
Safety of machinery - Risk assessment.
Safety at electro magnetic fields.
Rating of sound insulation in dwellings.
Principles for the measurement and the evaluation of human exposure
to vibration transmitted to hand.
Evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration- Part 1: General
requirements.
See annex G for a list of applicable acts, regulations, standards and guidelines for the Norwegian
continental shelf.
4
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
4.1
Definitions
Normative references
Informative references
Shall
Should
May
Can
Working environment
Shall mean normative in the application of NORSOK standards.
Shall mean informative in the application of NORSOK standards.
Shall is an absolute requirement which shall be followed strictly in
order to conform with the standard.
Should is a recommendation. Alternative solutions having the same
functionality and quality are acceptable.
May indicates a course of action that is permissible within the limits of
the standard (a permission).
Can-requirements are conditional and indicates a possibility open to the
user of the standard.
The totality of all physical, chemical, biological and psychological
factors at work that may affect the employees’ health and well being
through acute trauma or lasting exposure. The influences from lasting
exposure may be positive and negative.
Work area and work place A work area is an area of the installation, where personnel stay of move
in connection with work. A work place is a volume within a work area,
allocated to one or more persons to complete work tasks related to
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production, inspection or maintenance. The following types of work
areas are defined:
Open; Areas with no substantial obstacles to the free. The areas are
completely exposed to ambient conditions.
Semi-open; Areas which are weather protected e.g. with weather
louvers, and partially exposed to the open air.
Enclosed; Areas which are fully protected against exposure to open air
and ambient conditions.
Manning
Three levels of manning of work areas and work places are defined:
Permanently manned; Work area or work place manned at least 8 hours
a day at least 50 per cent of the installation’s operation time.
Intermittently manned; Work area or work place where inspection,
maintenance or other work is planned to last at least two hours a day at
least 50 per cent of the installation’s operation time.
Normally not manned; Work area or work place that is not permanently
or intermittently manned.
Hazard
A source of possible injury or damage to health.
Working Environment
Evaluation
A systematic evaluation including:
Definition, limitation and break down of the installation with respect to
one or more parameters (e.g. area, activities during operation, type of
equipment, chemical substance).
Hazard identification and identification of nonconformities and
problems in meeting specified requirements.
Identification and assessment of potential consequences to the
employees’ health.
Development of recommendations on remedial actions and/or follow-up
activities.
Working Environment
Program
A document covering:
Working environment objective and goals and acceptance criteria for
the risk of occupational injuries during operation.
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References to working environment requirements.
References to applicable procedures for control and verification.
Responsibilities for implementation of working environment
requirements in design and for control and verification activities,
including means of ensuring that the employees and their elected
representatives are given an opportunity of participating in matters of
importance to the working environment.
Plans for control and verification activities, deliverables included.
Status concerning performed activities.
The Working environment program may be a separate document or integrated into a Health, safety
and environment program.
4.2
Abbreviations
BOP
HVAC
LQ
TLV
5
Blow-Out Preventer.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning.
Living Quarters.
Threshold Limit Value.
ANALYSES AND EVALUATIONS FOR CONTROL AND
VERIFICATION
5.1
General
This standard assumes that a Working environment program is established and maintained. Table 1
shows studies, evaluations and analyses to be performed and documented in order to control and
verify that the design principles in clause 6 are met. Responsibility and schedule for the different
control and verification activities shall be defined in the Working environment program considering
needs of timely input to design and procurement and of documentation.
Table 1.
Overview of studies, evaluations and analyses.
TYPE
Experience checklist
Organization and
manning study
Risk analysis
NORSOK standard
PURPOSE
To ensure experience transfer related to the
working environment from installations in
operation.
To provide input to the establishment of
working environment area requirements and to
working environment evaluations and
analyses.
To verify compliance with company
acceptance criteria for the risk of occupational
injuries and to identify the necessary
PERFORMED BY
Company
Company
To be specified in
working environment
Program
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Working environment
TYPE
Psycho-social
evaluations
Concept working
environment
evaluations
Working environment
area limits
Constructability
evaluation
Working environment
evaluations and
analyses
Working environment
inspections.
Working environment
status
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PURPOSE
assumptions for concept selection and
optimization and for detail engineering.
To evaluate design and planned organization
and manning in order to make an overall
assessment of the working environment and to
identify potential problem areas related to the
psycho-social working environment in
particular.
To identify and assess potential problem areas
as input to concept selection and verification
of design.
To establish and implement area limits for
illumination, temperature, concentration of
chemical substances in the working
atmosphere, ventilation and noise
To ensure that the design promotes a
satisfactory health, safety and environment
standard during construction.
To identify and assess potential problem areas
as input to concept definition and optimization
and design development.
To verify that the fabricated mechanical
packages, modules and structures meet the
working environment requirements.
To provide an updated overview of the status
on the different working environment factors.
PERFORMED BY
Company
To be specified in
working environment
program
To be specified in
working environment
program
To be specified in
working environment
program
To be specified in
working environment
program
To be specified in
working environment
program
To be specified in
working environment
program
5.2
Procedures and work instructions
Procedures and work instructions for the defined studies, analyses and evaluations according to
clause 5.1 shall be developed and maintained. In general, they shall cover the following:
• Aim and scope.
• Definitions.
• Responsibilities for initiation, execution and follow-up of the results.
• Descriptions of:
− Types of input to the analysis/evaluation.
− Organization of the analysis/evaluation, requirements to qualified personnel.
− Types of work to be done.
− Scheduling in relation to the progress of the project.
− Methods for estimations, calculations and measurements with reference to relevant national
and international standards.
− Priorities for selection of safety measures. EN 292-1, clause 5 is referred to.
− Documentation and follow up of the results.
• References.
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The procedures and work instructions shall ensure that the requirements according to clause 5.2 are
implemented in the execution of the evaluations, analyses and final conclusions.
5.2.1 Risk analysis
The methods for risk analysis shall be adapted to the applicable acceptance criteria for the risk of
occupational injuries, ref. Working environment program.
5.2.2 Concept working environment evaluation
The concept working environment evaluation shall provide input to concept selection and
verification of the selected concept including cost estimates.
The evaluation shall cover but not be limited to the following potential problem areas:
• Risks of severe accidents and strain injuries in heavy material handling.
• Risks of severe accidents and strain injuries in handling of drilling equipment (if relevant).
• Exposure to wind chill in naturally ventilated areas.
• Storage and handling of hazardous substances.
• Storage of bulky materials, e.g. scaffolding.
• Noise emitting equipment and areas with noisy activities adjacent to quite areas.
• Solitary work in permanently manned work areas.
5.3
Working environment area limits
5.3.1 General
Detailed specifications of area limits for each room/work area which is readily accessible shall be
established as input to engineering. Annex A shows applicable area limits for illuminance,
temperature, noise and vibration for typical areas of an installation. For concentrations of chemical
substances in the working atmosphere, area limits shall be established when there is a possibility of
exceeding 10% of the threshold limit value according to clause 6.4.3. For Norway, establishment of
area limits for the number of air changes per hour shall be based on the recommendations in
Directorate of Labour Inspection, order no. 516. The area limits shall be documented on Working
environment area charts as shown in annex F.
Adequate calculations shall be performed in order to ensure implementation of the area
requirements in design and data sheets for vendor packages. These calculations shall be
documented on the Working environment area charts where relevant.
The implementation of the requirements shall be verified by appropriate measurement methods and
documented in the Working environment area charts.
5.3.2 Noise and vibration control
During concept definition and optimization, it shall be ensured that:
• Major noise and vibration sources are localized.
• Possible use of low noise equipment is evaluated.
• A review of the localization of noisy equipment and areas in relation to silent areas is performed.
• The use of “buffer” zones are evaluated.
During engineering, it shall be ensured that:
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• Significant noise and vibration sources are identified and their influences evaluated.
• Sound absorption treatment for all enclosed areas, sound insulation and vibration isolation for
equipment and machinery are specified.
• Maximum noise and vibration levels for significant noise and vibration sources are specified on
the basis of area noise and vibration limits and the acoustic properties and the adequate sound
insulation between areas. A safety margin of 3dB should be applied. Additive effects of several
sources in the same area shall be taken into account. Noise data sheets for all potential noisy
equipment shall be prepared and included in the inquiries, see annex H. Vendors shall be
requested to propose noise reduction measures, if equipment does not meet the requirements. All
noise and vibration data shall be guaranteed. Procedures for testing and control of the guaranteed
levels shall be required in the contract.
• Requirement to acoustic pipe insulation are specified.
• Noise and vibration levels are predicted and documented for the different areas of the installation
at a stage of the project where all requirements have been stated. The individual noise exposure
shall be calculated for typical categories of employees working in areas with a noise level above
83dB(A).
• In areas where whole body vibration limits may be exceeded, structural vibration analysis are
performed.
• Noise and vibration predictions are updated, based on vendor guaranteed noise and vibration
data and the detail design of the installation.
During fabrication, it shall be ensured that all “noisy” non-standard equipment are tested according
to a defined test procedure during the Fabrication acceptance test. For standard equipment, data
from earlier tests may be accepted. All important tests shall be executed or witnessed by a qualified
noise control engineer.
It shall be ensured that a program for full noise mapping of the installation is included in the
commissioning procedure.
5.3.3 Working environment evaluations and analyses
The following evaluations and analyses shall be performed:
• Evaluation of the handling of hazardous substances/chemicals. All chemical substances that are
planned for use during operation and maintenance and may represent a health hazard shall be
identified. Typical chemicals to be evaluated are process chemicals, drilling mud, paint, diesel,
lube oil and crude oil. The activities where there is a risk of exposure to the chemicals during
transportation, storage, use and disposal shall be identified and the needs of control measures to
reduce exposure shall be evaluated. Needs for safety showers or eye baths shall be evaluated.
• Coarse job safety analyses shall be carried out for each work area on the installation.
Operation/drilling, repair/maintenance, material handling activities and walking shall be covered
at a coarse level. Risks of severe injury or fatality due to moving parts of machinery,
trapping/entanglement, fall to a lower level, slide/stumble/hit against, ejected materials,
fire/explosions, hazardous substances shall be identified and assessed. Causes and potential
consequences shall be identified and decisions on follow-up actions shall be made for identified
hazards.
• Detailed job safety analyses shall be carried out for critical work places, which involve tasks
with a high risk of accidents. Each task shall be broken down into steps and analyzed by a
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method similar to that for coarse job safety analysis. Also less sever accident risks shall be
covered. Criteria for the selection of work places for the analyses include:
− Frequently repeated manual tasks, especially in material handling.
− Manual tasks in the risk zone of mechanized equipment.
− Manual tasks involving hazards with potentially sever consequences.
For safety analyses of machines, prEN 1050 is referred to.
• Ergonomic job analyses shall be performed for all workplaces, which involve tasks in operation
or maintenance with a significant risk of strain injuries. The aim is to identify potential problem
areas in design of workplaces in order to ensure that the requirements to maximum work load are
possible to meet. Input concerning manning, work sequences, frequency of operation, inspection
and maintenance tasks, necessary equipment for performance of the tasks, personnel selection
and earlier experience in similar tasks should be ensured prior to the analyses. The analyses shall
include but not be limited to evaluations of layout, clearances for performance of tasks, and
location of work functions (displays, control actuators, etc.).
• Man-machine interface analyses (task analyses) shall be performed for control room and control
cabin tasks, where human errors may cause accidents with severe consequences to personnel,
environment or property. The evaluations shall cover normal operation including start-up and
shut-down, emergency operations and maintenance/revision. The analyses shall cover personnel
and system safety aspects, including the possibility to control process disturbances in a safe
manner. The CRIOP-method, see clause 7, is referred to for complex and critical control rooms.
• Outdoor operation evaluations shall be carried out for permanently and intermittently manned
work places in order to identify potential problem areas related to the Wind chill index. For
identified critical areas and work operations, the duration of stay and work load shall be
evaluated assuming normal work clothing in order to come up with needs of preventive measures
in design.
It is not required to repeat earlier performed evaluations or to evaluate design in cases where this
represents a standard and previously accepted solution. In these cases, earlier evaluations or
existing standard solutions and accompanying documentation shall be referred to. Where it is
practical, analyses and evaluations should be combined.
5.3.4 Working environment inspections
Working environment inspections shall be carried out during Mechanical Completion in order to
verify that the physical installation meets the established requirements. Special checklists shall be
prepared for this purpose.
5.3.5 Working environment status
Working environment area charts according to annex F or equivalent shall be applied in
documenting the working environment status. In principle, a Working environment area chart shall
be prepared for each room and area on the installation. To maintain a manageable number of Area
charts, several identical areas can be covered only with one typical chart, i.e. office, toilet/WC and
escape/transport route.
The Working environment area charts shall be kept updated with the results of predictions, and
measurements and problem areas and nonconformities identified in evaluations and analyses and
the status of decisions on remedial actions.
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5.4
Constructability
Contractor shall within his scope of work, ensure that the design of the contract object promotes a
satisfactory health, safety and environment standard during construction. The following shall be
considered in particular:
• Accessibility (with respect to installation, lifting, cutting, welding, shot blasting and surface
treatment) including selection of steel details and profiles.
• Selection of materials and chemicals.
Relevant experience related to health, safety and environmental pollution in construction shall be
collected, compiled and used.
6
WORKING ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS
6.1
Arrangements
Floors in work areas and walkways shall be designed in accordance with the following:
• Walkways for access to permanently and intermittently manned work places shall be arranged.
These shall be shown on relevant drawings.
• Drips of oil and slippery liquid onto floor shall be avoided, e.g. by using drip trays.
• Protruding objects shall be avoided in walkways.
• Need for anti skid surfaces shall be evaluated in all work areas where spill of slippery liquid,
dusts etc. may occur.
• Storage and lay down areas belonging to them should be located in the vicinity of each other and
on the same level.
• Stairs are preferred to ladders. Ladders may replace stairs where stairs are unfeasible or where
daily access is not required. Stairs, ladders and platforms shall be designed in accordance with
acknowledged standards.
Safe distances according to EN 349 shall apply between moving machinery parts and fixed objects.
Offices, rest rooms and recreation rooms should preferably have access to daylight.
All work areas shall have a layout that provides for safe access for operation and maintenance.
Workplaces shall be arranged to provide for contact with others. Solitary work shall be avoided in
permanently and intermittently manned areas.
6.2
Ergonomics
6.2.1 Prevention of strain injuries
Workplaces shall be designed such that the personnel is not exposed to excessive work loads with
risks of strain injury. For determination of maximum work load and force limits, prEN 1005, part 2
and 3 are referred to.
6.2.1.1 Manual handling, transportation
• Transportation ways where trolleys and carts are used shall not contain steps and thresholds.
• The need for a lift for vertical transportation shall be evaluated.
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• There shall be enough space for the use of lifting gear where a lift of more than 25kg is required.
• Trolleys, transportation tables and similar means of transportation should be easily
maneuverable and have a low rolling resistance. Minimum two of the wheels shall be lockable.
• Units in everyday use shall not be stored above shoulder height (1500mm) and should not be
stored below 900mm.
6.2.1.2 Hatches and doors
• Inspection hatches should be side hinged.
• The opening force of doors in frequent use shall not exceed 65N (side hinged) and 50N (sliding
door) respectively. No doors shall have an opening force in excess of 130N (side hinged) and
105N (sliding door). Mechanically assisted opening of doors shall be considered in the main
pathways.
6.2.1.3 Sedentary work
• The thickness of the tabletop shall not exceed 50mm for sedentary work.
• Workplaces for sedentary work shall have sufficient space for legs below the work surface, a
width of min. 610mm, depth of min. 500mm at knee height and min. 650mm at floor level.
6.2.1.4 Adaptation for cleaning
• A ring main for high-pressure wash down stations shall be considered in areas where heavy
cleaning will take place.
• Drains shall be located so as to facilitate cleaning. Materials and surfaces of structural members,
installations and equipment shall be easy to clean and maintain.
• Maintenance and/or cleaning equipment and ditto consumables should be stored in the vicinity
of areas with frequent maintenance or cleaning.
• Equipment and fixtures should be mounted on plinths or fixed to walls so as to give maximum
free floor space for easy cleaning.
There shall be a separate room for the necessary cleaning equipment on all floors in the living
quarters. The room shall have sufficient shelf capacity, tool holders, cold and hot water, utility sink
with grid (height 600mm) and sufficient vertical distance to the tap for filling buckets. There shall
be sufficient floor space to park the cleaning trolley.
For vertical and horizontal clearances, annex B is referred to.
6.2.2 Man-machine interfaces
For control rooms and cabins and control panels where human errors may cause accidents with
severe consequences to personnel, the environment or property, the following shall apply:
• Displays and controls shall be designed in accordance with acknowledged ergonomic principles
and in order to allow the operator to carry out his tasks in a safe manner. The number of and
types of displays should however be minimized.
• Screens, panels and lighting fixtures shall have a location which provides satisfactory view in a
normal working posture. It shall be easy to adjust the height and angle of computer screens and
keyboards as well as their distance to the operator.
• If visual displays (VDUs) are used, information should not be presented in a way which gives
the operator memory problems or adds to his load of work. Total system overviews should be
available from the displays, giving the operator opportunities to watch process performance.
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The design shall be based on task analyses of functions, see clause 5.3.3.
Controls and displays shall be located in a logical manner with respect to frequency of use and
importance for safe operation and the movement of a control device should be consistent with the
effect in direction and magnitude. They shall be clearly marked in the language of the country.
6.3
Technical appliances
6.3.1 General
Technical appliances shall be designed in accordance with the methods and technical principles
according to EN 292-1 and EN 292-2. Relevant type B European Norms shall be identified and
implemented.
6.3.2 Hot/cold surfaces
It shall not be possible to reach surfaces with a temperature above +700C or below -100C from work
areas, walkways, ladders, stairs or other passage ways, ref. prEN 563.
Shields are preferred to insulation, unless insulation also is required for heat conservation or noise
control.
6.4
Chemical substances and products
6.4.1 Handling and storage
Manual handling of hazardous substances should be avoided. The use or automatic or remotely
controlled equipment is preferred. Where this is not feasible, systems for safe manual handling shall
be provided.
The installation shall be designed such that all spillage is properly handled. The need for drain and
their effectiveness shall be evaluated for all work areas.
There shall be a dedicated storage area for each type of chemical. These areas shall not be used for
other purposes. The areas shall be properly ventilated and protected against fire. Chemicals that
may react with each other shall not be stored together.
6.4.2 List of hazardous chemicals
The design and instructions for use shall ensure that chemical substances and products containing
hazardous substances are avoided. Typical examples of chemical products are process and drilling
chemicals, paint, lube oil and preservation chemicals. Hazardous substances according to annex D1
are prohibited. Substances classified as carcinogenic, allergenic, mutagenic or reproductive
toxicants shall be identified and evaluated for substitution with less hazardous substances. A list of
typical such chemicals is shown in annex D2. For classification of chemicals in Norway,
“Regulations relating to labeling, sale etc. of chemical substances and products that may involve a
hazard to health” is referred to.
All chemicals that follow the installation offshore or are included in instructions for operation and
maintenance shall be documented on a Safety data sheet (Ref. EU Directive for Safety data sheets).
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6.4.3 Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
Emissions of hazardous substances from machines shall be controlled, ref. prEN 626.
Under normal operation, the concentration of hazardous substances in the working atmosphere shall
be as low as reasonably possible. The installation shall be designed such that, under normal
conditions, the atmospheric concentrations of hazardous substances in permanently manned work
areas do not exceed 1/6 of the TLV’s according to the regulatory requirements in the country. For
other areas, an area limit of 1/3 of the TLV applies. For Norway, the TLV’s specified in Guidelines
from the Directorate of Labour Inspection (order no. 361) shall apply.
6.5
Noise and vibration
6.5.1 General
Installation of low noise equipment shall be the primary noise control measure. For piping systems,
selection of low noise valves and other components with low noise properties shall be given
priority.
Noisy equipment and equipment with high structure born sound emission levels and areas with
noisy activities (e.g. lay down areas, work shops) shall not be located in the immediate vicinity of
areas with a noise level limit of 50dB(A) or below (e.g. offices, clinic, central control room,
sleeping/recreation areas).
No noise sources which may significantly reduce the speech intelligibility shall be installed in the
immediate vicinity of lifeboat stations and muster points. This also applies to the location of safety
relief valves.
High noise sources shall as far as possible be installed within the same area.
6.5.2 Area noise limits
The following noise level limits reflect the requirements for conservation of hearing:
• The individual employee’s maximum exposure to noise during a 12 hours working day is
83dB(A).
• The maximum allowable noise level in any situation is 130dB(C) (“PEAK”). This limit also
applies to enclosed “normally unmanned areas”.
Annex A covers vibration limits and area noise level limits, total and for HVAC.
The area noise level limits shall apply as maximum levels at any location within an area, but not
closer than 1m to equipment and other noisy installations.
All limits refer to broad band noise without any distinct tonal characteristics. In case of tonal
characteristics, the noise level limit shall be set 5dB lower.
For areas, where the noise level limit according to annex A is 85dB(A) or 90dB(A), the former limit
is preferred. The maximum area noise level limit of 90dB(A) shall apply where a lower limit is
unfeasible.
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In workshops and kitchen, the noise limits refer to background noise including ventilation system
and external noise sources, but not manually controlled operations. For these operations, the
maximum noise exposure for 12 hours working day applies.
In control rooms, offices, computer rooms, radio rooms and laboratories the noise level limits refer
to background noise including HVAC as well as noise sources in continuous use within the actual
room.
During design emergency conditions, e.g. near safety relief valves, fire pumps or outdoor areas
during full emergency flaring, etc., only the maximum allowable noise level of 130dB(C) applies.
The noise level in the muster areas shall not exceed 90dB(A) and the noise level in the radio room,
the emergency management room and the central control room shall not exceed 60dB(A) during
emergency flaring.
Access to control rooms, offices, laboratories etc. from noisy areas should be via corridors or buffer
zones in which the noise level do not exceed the quiet room noise level by more than 5dB. Access
from walkways to permanently manned areas should be provided without passing a zone with noise
level above 83dB(A).
When selecting the design of enclosed spaces, i.e. when decisions on acoustic treatment shall be
taken, the requirements to PA system and speech intelligibility shall be taken into account. Low
reverberation times shall be adhered to.
For work shops, laboratories, control rooms, radio room, meeting rooms, rest/TV rooms, dining
room and offices, the average octave band sound absorption coefficient shall not be less than 0.4 in
the frequency range 250Hz to 2kHz.
The partitions between rooms shall be designed in order to achieve an adequate sound insulation.
Minimum permissible air borne sound insulation indices for horizontal, vertical and diagonal sound
transmission between adjacent rooms are shown in table 2.
Table 2.
Minimum permissible air borne sound insulation indices ( Rw ) between rooms in the
living quarters (ISO 717/1). The maximum unfavorable deviation from the reference
curve should not exceed 8dB.
Noisy rooms
Work rooms
Silent rooms
Noisy rooms
40dB1)
40dB
45dB2)
Work rooms
40dB
40dB
Silent rooms
40dB
Notes
1. Does not apply to partition between kitchen and dining room.
2. Common partition with clinic/ward shall be avoided.
Corridors/staircases
35dB
35dB
40dB
Examples of “Noisy rooms” are gymnasium, TV-rooms/cinema, kitchen, dining, and change rooms.
“Work rooms” are offices, meeting rooms, radio room, and control rooms. “Silent rooms” require a
high degree of privacy and include cabins, clinic/ward, and rest rooms (e.g. reading room).
NORSOK standard
Page 14 of 30
Working environment
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
6.5.3 Vibrations
Annex E shows the maximum limits for continuous whole body vibration from machinery and
equipment which shall apply. Vibration limits are based on boundaries given in ISO 2631/1
Evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration- Part 1: General requirements. The limits
are derived from the acceptability of the exposure of human beings to vibrations and are based on a
12 hour working day.
The vibration limits are specified graphically as combined levels for vertical and horizontal
movements. The limits cover the range 1-80Hz in which the major body resonance occur. They are
not intended to be extrapolated beyond this range.
The vibration limits are categorized as follows:
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
Category 5
Limits for accommodation areas.
Limits for control rooms, offices and laboratories.
Limits for all general work areas.
Limits for vibration locally to equipment.
Maximum limits (normally unmanned areas).
Higher levels than those given in category 4 may be tolerated for shorter exposure than 12 hours.
Category 1, 2 and 5 shall also apply for intermittent operation.
Hand/arm vibrations shall meet the requirements stated in ISO(DIS) 5349.
6.6
Illumination
For the general level of illuminance at 1m of elevation, the area requirements according to annex A
apply. The uniformity of the illuminance shall be equal to or better than Emin/Emean = 0.5.
For lighting calculations a maintenance factor, reflecting the environment and time between
maintenance intervals, shall be established and applied. Maintenance factor 0.8 is recommended.
Lighting shall be specified for each work place that requires at least daily access or is critical from a
safety point of view. For Norway, the guidelines in “Luxtabeller” from the Norwegian society for
good lighting shall be applied in the specification of task lighting.
To avoid shadows, illumination planning shall take the location of fixtures, racks and mechanical
equipment into consideration.
The difference in illuminance level between adjacent indoor areas should not exceed 5:1.
In enclosed areas, the difference shall never be more than 40:1 within the total field of vision.
Provision shall be made to avoid direct glare from sunshine, from artificial light sources and from
reflecting surfaces.
Glare in visual display units from reflecting surfaces, lamps and windows shall be avoided.
NORSOK standard
Page 15 of 30
Working environment
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
In the design of the lighting, the level of illumination and location of lamps shall make it easy to see
obstructions, steps in corridors, walkways etc.
Different levels of illuminance require different light colours if the lighting is to be comfortable.
Warm colours should be used in cabins and recreation areas where the lighting levels are below
500lux. High colour temperature, whiter light, should be used in areas with high lighting levels.
6.7
Indoor climate
Permanently manned work areas shall be enclosed and meet the climate requirements for such
areas. Annex A is referred to and, for Norway, Directorate of Labour Inspection, order no. 516.
Air inlets shall be located in open air and in areas not contaminated by exhaust outlets.
There shall be easy access for internal inspection and cleaning of ducts.
Printers, copy machines etc. to be used by more than one person should not be placed in
permanently manned rooms unless mounted in special cabinets.
Supply air ducts in the living quarters shall after mechanical completion be cleaned to achieve a
maximum of 3% dust coverage.
Materials containing synthetic mineral fibers, which are used in the living quarters or in
permanently manned areas, shall be fully sealed.
Carpets shall be avoided in cabins and dining rooms.
6.8
Outdoor operations
Workplaces in open and semi open areas shall be identified and the need for roof or shelter to
protect the worker from wind and weather shall be evaluated. The Wind chill index should not
exceed 900kcal/m2 (1044W/m2 ) for permanently and intermittently manned workplaces more than
5% of the time.
On installations that are planned for use in areas with arctic climate, outdoor operations shall be
identified and reduced to a minimum.
6.9
Radiation
The location of high voltage equipment (>690V) adjacent to permanently manned work areas and
accommodation areas should be avoided.
Electromagnetic field shall conform to the limits stated in the DIN VDE 0848, Part 4 - Safety at
electro magnetic fields.
For protection against radiation from radioactive sources, the national legislation is referred to. The
use of radioactive sources on an installation shall be minimized. A separate list of all radioactive
sources on the installation shall be prepared. This list shall give information on location, type of
equipment and radioactive source, radiation levels and required protection.
The design shall ensure that radioactive sources can be safely transported, handled, applied and
stored.
NORSOK standard
Page 16 of 30
Working environment
7
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
CRIOP - A Scenario-method for Evaluation of Offshore control centres. SINTEF, Report No. A
89028, Trondheim, Norway.
NORSOK standard
Page 17 of 30
Working environment
Annex A
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
ANNEX A WORKING ENVIRONMENT AREA LIMITS (NORMATIVE)
Table 3
Working environment area limits
Room description
External access ways
Stairs, escape routes,
indoors
Lay down area
Muster area
Fire pump room
General process and
utility area
HVAC room
Switchboard and
transformer room
Central control room
Rest rooms outside LQ
Battery room
Main generator room
Emergency generator
room
Local control room
Inst/El. workshop
Mechanical workshop/
welding
Stores - Large parts
Stores - Small parts
Laboratory
Paint shop
Sand blast room
Workshop office
Crane cabin, driller’s
cabin
Unmanned machinery
room
Local instrument room
Rest room in LQ,
TV room etc.
Dining room
Laundry
- machinery area
- work area
NORSOK standard
Level of
manning1)
Average
illuminance
level (lux)
100
150
Temp.
Min- Max
o
C
Vibratio
n limit
Noise
total
dB(A)
80
-
Noise
HVAC
dB(A)
U
U
I
200
200
200
200
outdoor
5-35
outdoor
2
3
3
75
75
110
85/903)
U
I
200
200
5-35
5-35
3
2
90
85
70
M
20-24
2
506)
45
M
U
U
U
500
Adjustable
150
200
200
200
19-26
5-35
5-35
5-35
2
3
3
3
506)
85
85/903)
110
45
70
70
I
M
M
400
500
500
19-26
19-26
16-26
2
2
2
60
652) 6)
652) 6)
50
50
50
M
M
I/M
I
I
M
M
16-26
16-26
19-26
16-26
16-26
19-26
19-26
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
656)
656)
60
656)
652) 6)
55
65
60
60
50
55
55
50
60
U
200
300
500
500
300
500
400
Adjustable
200
5-35
3
110
80
M
I
400
150
5-35
20-24
2
1
75
45
60
40
M
300
20-24
1
55
50
M
M
300
300
20-24
20-24
2
2
75
65
60
60
80
Page 18 of 30
Working environment
Annex A
Room description
Kitchen
Dish washing
Gymnasium
Cabins
Clinic/ward
Offices/meeting rooms
Radio room
Toilets/change room
Drill floor
Monkey board
Pipe rack area
Mud/well logging
Shale shaker
Mud room, mixing area
Mud room, test station
Mud lab
BOP and well head
areas
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
Level of
manning1)
M
M
I
I/M
M
M
M
I
M
M
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Average
illuminance
level (lux)
500
500
500
150
600
500
500
150
350
200
200
500
300
200
300
300
150
Temp.
Min- Max
o
C
20-24
20-24
20-24
20-244)
20-24
20-24
20-24
20-24
outdoor
outdoor
outdoor
16-26
outdoor
outdoor
outdoor
16-26
outdoor
Vibratio
n limit
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/25)
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
Noise
total
dB(A)
602)
70
50
406)
406)
456)
50
60
85
85
85
60
85/903)
85/903)
85/903)
60
85/903)
Noise
HVAC
dB(A)
55
55
45
35
35
40
45
50
50
55
Notes:
1. M =
Permanently manned
I =
Intermittently manned
U =
Normally unmanned
2. The noise limit refers to background noise including ventilation system and external noise
sources, but not manually controlled operations. For these operations, the maximum noise
exposure for 12 hours working day applies.
3. 85dB(A) is preferred in order to ensure that the individual employee’s maximum exposure to
noise during a 12 hours working day is 83dB(A). A maximum area noise level limit of 90dB(A)
shall apply, where the lower limit is unfeasible.
4. The control system shall allow for free cooling in cabins to 16°C. This shall not be a thermo
dynamic design requirements.
5. Category 2 applies outside LQ.
6. For mobile offshore installations, the noise requirement during operations is 5dB(A) higher than
the one given in table.
NORSOK standard
Page 19 of 30
Working environment
Annex B
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
ANNEX B VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CLEARANCES (NORMATIVE)
Table 4
Vertical and horizontal clearances
Area
Work areas
Vertical clearance/ Horizontal
heights
clearance/ width
2300mm
Main walkways
Main access ways
2100mm
2100mm
1000mm
900mm
Transportation ways (for
trucks)
3000mm
3000mm
Space between pipe bottom
and floor
Workspace for fixed
equipment
Space between external
diameter of flange and fixed
obstruction
Door opening
Hand rails and guard rails
150mm
min. 900mm
250mm
250mm
2050mm
1000mm
750mm
The center height of control
handles standing work
max. 1800mm
Space between fixed
cabinets and floor
Electrical contacts and
switches above floor
Central vacuum cleaner
outlet (height above floor)
Toilet seat, heights above
floor
Sink, heights above floor
Table top
min. 250mm
600mm
680-750mm
Work benches
800-1150mm
NORSOK standard
Comments
Down to min 2100mm
acceptable in parts of work
areas
For permanently and
intermittently manned
workplaces
Minimum 300mm
horizontal clearance for
trolleys
Valves, pumps, fans,
instruments etc.
Additional space for use of
equipment must be
considered
Measured from thread to
hand rail
900 - 1500mm for control
handles in daily use and for
handles which are critical
with respect to safety
Preferably fixed on floor
without space
900-1500mm
1000mm
Outlet well mounted
450mm
Toilets shall be fixed to the
wall
Seated work. Easily
adjustable in permanently
and intermittently manned
workplaces
Standing work. Easily
adjustable in permanently
and intermittently manned
workplaces
Page 20 of 30
Working environment
Annex C
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
ANNEX C ERGONOMIC REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO
INSTALLATION AREAS (NORMATIVE)
C1
LIVING QUARTERS
Cabins
• Bunk beds shall be avoided.
• Beds shall have a base directly on the floor and there shall be no gap between the base and the
wall. The top of the mattress shall be 550 - 600mm above the floor. A light top mattress is
recommended.
Kitchen areas - dining room
• Basket racks shall not exceed 1500mm.
• It shall be possible to easily adjust the height (minimum 800 - 1150mm) of work benches, sinks,
kitchen stoves and frying pans, and these should be fixed to the wall for easy cleaning.
Laundry
• The door to the laundry shall have an opening which is minimum 900mm wide.
• There shall be storage space for trolleys.
• Fully automatic washing machine with opening at the front is recommended. Automatic dosing
system for washing and rinsing powder shall be installed. The lower edge of the washing
machine door opening shall be 800 - 1000mm above the floor.
Offices
• The size of offices shall be minimum 6m2.
Corridors
• Width of corridors should be determined on the basis of the expected personnel traffic intensity.
• The width shall not be less than 1000mm. A minimum width of 1200mm is recommended.
C2
DRILLING UNIT
• There shall be anti-skid flooring in work and transportation areas.
• There shall be sufficient storage space near the work area for auxiliary equipment which is used
temporarily.
• The heavy equipment storeroom shall have a location which makes transportation/lifting
onto/from the drill floor easy.
• Arrangements shall be made to avoid unnecessary traffic on the drill floor.
• There shall be suitable conditions for appropriate handling of heavy logging instruments.
• The driller shall from a normal working position have an unrestricted view of the risk zone of the
equipment that he controls.
• Windows towards the rotary, top drive and finger board shall have an effective cleaning system
which ensures satisfactory visibility in all kinds of situations. It shall be possible to maintain the
cleaning system in a simple and safe manner.
• The design of the derrickman’s cabin shall meet the requirements to crane driver’s cabin, see
clause C3, points 1 to 5.
• The mixing of drilling mud should be automated. Mixing operations which involve manual
lifting/carrying should be avoided. The chemical sack room and the mud mixing room should be
situated on the same floor and in the immediate vicinity of each other.
• It shall be possible to put pallets of sacks on the lifting table near a possible sack cutting
machine, using a truck or pallet lift.
• A separate mud laboratory with office facilities shall be provided.
NORSOK standard
Page 21 of 30
Working environment
Annex C
C3
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
CRANE DRIVER’S CABIN
• The crane driver’s cabin shall be designed so that the crane driver, when sitting in a normal
position, has an unrestricted view of all loading positions.
• The crane driver’s chair shall be placed on rails so as to ensure ease of movement both backward
and forward. The chair shall be easily accessible for both entering and leaving.
• The crane driver’s chair shall meet the general requirements for chairs, have good individual
adjustment qualities and shall be designed to provide good resting comfort. The support
provided by the armrests shall be suitably adapted to the operator and the control levers.
• Control levers attached to the crane driver’s chair shall follow the chair’s movements. Other
controls shall be placed within the recommended working area.
• Conditions shall be suitable for easy and safe cleaning of windows both externally and
internally, as well as cleaning and replacement of windshield wipers.
• It shall be possible to use telephones and other communication equipment in a loudspeaking
mode.
• There shall be a chair or seat for the instructor.
NORSOK standard
Page 22 of 30
Working environment
Annex D
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
ANNEX D TYPICAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (NORMATIVE)
D1
Table 5
TYPICAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Typical hazardous substances
Compound
2-naftylamin and their salts
4-aminobifenyl and their salts
Benzidin and their salts
4-nitrodifenyl
Asbestos
Cadmium compounds
Carbontetrachloride
CFC
Halon
Mercury compounds
PCB
Atapulgitt
Zeolitt
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
NORSOK standard
Formula
CAS no.
91-59-8
92-67-1
92-87-5
92-93-3
1332-21-4
CCl4
56-23-5
71-55-6
Reference
SAM
SAM
SAM
SAM
Regulations relating to asbestos
Par-com-I
Montr.prot, Tx,K3
Montr.prot, SFT
Montr.prot, SFT
Par-com I
Par-com I , SFT
SAM
SAM
Montr.prot, SFT
Page 23 of 30
Working environment
Annex D
D2
Table 6
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED
Hazardous substances that should be avoided
Compound
Arsenic compounds
Benzene
Bitumen
Chloroform
Chromates (VI)
Ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether
(2-Etoxyethanol)
Ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether acetat
(2-Etoxyethylacetat)
Ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether ( 2- Metoxyethanol)
Ethyleneglycol monomethylether acetat
( 2-Metoxyethylacetat)
Formaldehyde
n-Hexane
Isocyanates
Lead compounds
Methanedichloride
Nickel Compounds
Trichloroethylene
NORSOK standard
Formula
CAS no.
110-80-5
Reference
Par-com - II
K2
K3
T,K3
K3,A,R
R
C6H6
71-43-2
8052-42-4
67-66-3
111-15-9
R
109-86-4
110-49-6
R
R
HCHO
C6H14
50-00-0
110-54-3
CH2Cl2
75-09-2
A,K3,T
R
SAM, A
Par-com II,
SAM
K3
A
K3
CHCl3
79-01-6
Page 24 of 30
Working environment
Annex D
D3
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
REFERENCES
ParCom
Paris Commission, Guidelines regarding harmonization of procedures of
approval , evaluation and testing of offshore chemicals and drilling mud.
Annex F part I
ParCom II
Annex F part II
Montr.prot
Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone layer. With
amendments 1990.
SFT
Regulations from Norwegian State Pollution Control Authority (SFT)
SAM
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate’s Regulations relating to systematic
follow-up of the working environment in the petroleum activities
(Systematisk oppfølging av arbeidsmiljøet i petroleumvirksomheten)
K,A,R,Tx,T
Cancerogenic (K), Allergic (A), Reproduction toxic (R), Very toxic (Tx)
or Toxic (T) according to Regulations concerning labeling, sale etc. of
chemical substances and products which may involve a hazard to health.
NORSOK standard
Page 25 of 30
Working environment
Annex E
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
ANNEX E VIBRATION LIMIT CURVES (NORMATIVE)
E1
VIBRATION LIMIT VERTICAL AXIS
NORSOK standard
Page 26 of 30
Working environment
Annex E
E2
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
VIBRATION LIMIT HORIZONTAL AXIS
NORSOK standard
Page 27 of 30
Working environment
Annex F
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
ANNEX F WORKING ENVIRONMENT AREA CHART (NORMATIVE)
Table 7
Working environment area chart
WORKING ENVIRONMENT AREA CHART
Doc.no.
Installation:
Module/level:
Room/area name:
Rev.
Date
Area
no.:
Page
Manning:1)
WORKING ENVIRONMENT AREA LIMITS
Limit/level2)
Factor
Noise:
Preliminary
prediction3)
Predicted at
issue for
construction3)
As built4)
Status5) /
Notes6)
Total
HVAC
Vibration
Illumination
Climate:
Temperature
Air changes pr.
hour
Types of
hazardous
substances7) :
GENERAL
Factor
Evaluations/
analyses8)
Description
(hazards/nonconformities)
Decision
Status5) /
Notes6)
Arrangements
Ergonomics
Technical appliances
Chemical substances
Outdoor operations
Radiation
Notes6):
NORSOK standard
Page 28 of 30
Working environment
Annex F
PREPARED BY9) :
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
CHECKED BY9):
APPROVED BY9):
Notes:
1. Level of manning, see annex A: Permanently manned (M); Intermittently manned (I); Normally
unmanned (U).
2. To be established according to clause 5.3.1.
3. Preliminary prediction and prediction at issue for construction shall be made for noise, see clause
5.3.2. The needs of two separate predictions shall be evaluated for other factors.
4. Measured values during commissioning.
5. Status: OK; Action required (AR); Nonconformity, action pending (NCP); Nonconformity,
approved (NCA); Not identified (NI); Not applicable (NA)
6. State references to underlying documentation, e.g. nonconformity reports
7. List all identified chemicals, that are planned for use and that may represent a health hazard, ref.
clause 5.3.3.
8. State references to working environment evaluations and analyses.
9. May be replaced by signatures on common front sheet.
NORSOK standard
Page 29 of 30
Working environment
Annex G
ANNEX G
G1
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
LIST OF APPLICABLE ACTS, REGULATIONS, STANDARDS
AND GUIDELINES FOR THE NORWEGIAN CONTINENTAL
SHELF (INFORMATIVE)
ACTS AND REGULATIONS
Acts, regulations and provisions for the petroleum activity, Vol. 1 and 2. Norwegian Petroleum
Directorate, Stavanger. See especially:
• Act relating to worker protection and working environment.
• Regulations relating to systematic follow-up of the working environment in the petroleum
activities (Systematisk oppfølging av arbeidsmiljøet i petroleumvirksomheten).
• Regulations relating to labeling, sale etc. of chemical substances and products that may involve a
hazard to health.
• Regulations relating to asbestos.
Several other Norwegian regulations include requirements of relevance to the working
environment.
G2
STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
The following Norwegian regulations for the onshore industry apply as guidelines:
• Administrative norms for pollution in the working atmosphere (in Norwegian). Directorate of
Labour Inspection, Order no. 361.
• Climate and air quality in the work place. Directorate of Labour Inspection, Order no. 516.
• Lux tables (Luxtabeller), Norwegian Society for Good Lighting.
NORSOK standard
Page 30 of 30
Working environment
Annex H
S-DP-002
Rev. 2, January 1996
ANNEX H NOISE DATA SHEET (INFORMATIVE)
SDS-050
Noise data sheet
NORSOK standard
Page 31 of 30