Electrical Installation Continuity
of supply
Protection against nuisance
tripping and voltage surge
A range for sensitive
installations bringing you
peace of mind
Catalogue 2007
november 2006
1
Content
1. Nuisance tripping and continuity of supply
2. Disturbances in distribution systems
2
PAGE
5
6-11
3. The different technologies
3.1. Standard RCD and RCCB
3.2. Super Immune RCD and RCCB, Si and SiE
3.3. Type B RCD
3.4. Automatic Recloser
3.5. Advanced earth leakage protection: Vigirex
12-18
12
13
14
15
16-18
4. The Applications
4.1. Lighting and priority loads
4.2. People safety in low temperature conditions
4.3. Computer and nuisance tripping
4.4. Lighting and nuisance tripping
4.5. Variale speed controllers and nuisance tripping
4.6. Continuity of supply in hazardous environment
4.7. Remote sites and transient faults
4.8. Advanced earth leakage protection
19-23
19
19
20
21
22
23
23
23
5. Which protection to use?
24-25
6. Catalogue numbers
6.1. Si and SiE ranges
6.2. Type B range
6.3. RED range
6.4. REDs range
6.5. REDtest range
6.6. Vigirex range
26-57
26-29
30-32
33-37
38-41
42-46
48-57
7. Voltage surges
58-62
8. Lightning risk
63-66
9. Overvoltage protection devices
67-73
10. Surge protection selection guide
74-75
11. Chosing surge arresters for LV networks
76-89
12. Catalogue numbers surge arresters
12.1. Fixed type 2 LV surge arresters
12.2. Withdrawable type 2 LV surge arresters
12.3. Type 1 surge arresters
12.4. Telecommunication and computer
equipments surge arresters
12.5. Connection kit for surge arresters
12.6. Dimensions surge arresters
Index
90-104
90-93
94-97
98-101
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
102
103-104
105-107
108
12
1
1
1. Nuisance tripping and
continuity of supply
Disturbances on low voltage electrical networks
and earth leakage protection
Low voltage electrical networks are increasingly subject to disturbances which
deform the distributed sine wave.
These disturbances can be:
b External, coming from the medium or low voltage upstream network.
b Internal, on the low voltage network.
These disturbances interfere with the operation of devices connected to the
network, especially electronic devices, but also standard residual current devices
(RCD).
Residual current devices are an efficient means for ensuring people’s protection
against low voltage electrical risks resulting from direct or indirect contact.
The disturbances can have two effects on the residual current devices:
b Nuisance tripping, when people’s safety is not threatened:
deterioration in continuity of supply
Blinding, that is residual current devices failing to trip when there is a danger to
b people’s safety downstream:
people’s safety is no longer guaranteed
In the face of these relatively new risks, users are increasingly demanding.
As blinding is obviously critical, since it affects people’s lives, nuisance tripping
can have major consequences.
Example: stoppage of industrial processes, motors, cold rooms, etc.
Data center
Hospital
Industrial plant
2. Disturbances in distribution
systems
2
Residual current devices detect earth leakage
currents.
Earth leakage currents can be caused by different types of disturbances which
make the residual current devices sensitive:
-25
b External disturbances, essentially surges and harmonics, such as:
v lightning surges, the amplitude of which is among the greatest.
v switching surges, linked to the opening and closing of capacitive circuits
(capacitor banks) or inductive circuits (motors) located on other installations.
v power frequency surges, such as:
- phase-to-phase insulation faults,
- cable breaks,
- flashover of an MV spark-gap,
v harmonic voltages produced by the devices connected to the MV network,
such as:
- arc furnaces,
- saturated reactors, etc..
b Another external disturbance:
v very low temperature (-25°C) causing the desensitisation of the residual
current devices.
b Internal disturbances, on the LV network are the cause of earth leakage currents:
v switching surges, such as: short-circuit current breaking and the opening and
closing of RLC circuits cause transient surges.
constant load leakage currents, both at power frequency and high frequency,
v in the presence of high frequency generators.
harmonic currents and voltages generated by an increasing number of loads.
v Example of loads and environments causing disturbances:
b Some loads generate:
v 50 Hz constant leakage currents: standard fluorescent lighting or with electronic ballast, household appliances, convectors, Hi-fis, videos, computers, etc.
high frequency transient leakage currents: fluorescent lighting with electronic
v ballast, luminous signs, computers, etc.,
v leakage currents with pulsed DC type component:
variable speed, lighting and power controllers, power electronics, etc
b Lightening and the operation of upstream power devices generate transient
surges.
Loads generating high frequency currents (higher than several kHz) do not in
themselves present any electrocution risk for people. However, they can cause
the blinding of the residual current device and prevent it from working when there
are other faults, which can then call people’s safety into question.
These disturbances cause risks:
b Of nuisance tripping deteriorating continuity of supply.
b Of non-tripping which means that people’s safety can no longer be guaranteed.
Disturbances
Nuisance tripping
50 Hz constant
leakage currents
n
HF transient leakage currents
n
Leakage currents with
pulsed DC component
n
Lightening surges
n
Switching surges
n
Very low temperatures
Blinding
(non tripping)
n
n
n
Disturbances in distribution
systems
Earth-leakage current
Cable leakage capacitance
The stray capacitance of the cables is the cause of a continuous leakage current,
called the “natural leakage current”, because a part of the current in the capacitors
does not return to the source in the live conductors.
Continuous leakage current due to stray capacitances of conductors (dotted lines).
This leakage current “spreads” throughout the entire installation.
The general level of the capacitance between a cable and earth is 150 pF/m.
For three-phase equipment, any dissymmetry between the phases reinforces these
phenomena.
Load leakage capacitance
Non-linear loads, primarily those with static rectifiers, draw low-frequency and highfrequency harmonics. To limit the electromagnetic disturbances and comply with
the EM requirements contained in the IEC 61000 standards, these loads are
equipped with RFI filters that are directly earthed.
These filters increase the continuous earth-leakage current.
This leakage current is called the “intentional leakage current”.
Note: this phenomenon is amplified by the presence of low-frequency harmonic voltages which
increase the flow of common-mode currents.
Capacitances between live conductors and earth.
The capacitors installed at the input of electronic equipment have a capacitance of
approximately 10 to 100 nF.
Note: in the IT system, additional precautions must be taken when installing RFI filters.
Leakage capacitance / approximate values
Component
Differential-mode
capacitance
Common-mode
capacitance
Standard cable (not shielded)20 pF/m
150 pF/m
Shielded cable
Shielded cable
30 pF/m
30 pF/m
200 pF/m
200 pF/m
Frequency converter
x 100 µF
(with rectifier)
10 to 100 nF
PC, printer, cash register
x 10 µF
(with rectifier)
10 nF
Fluorescent lighting
1 µF /10 W
1 nF
(compensation capacitor)(electronic ballast)
2
The environment and the loads of a low-voltage electrical distribution system
generate three major types of disturbances that impact on the earth-leakage
currents in the system.
n Overvoltages
Lightning, switching overvoltages
Residual current following operation of a switch.
Example of a common-mode disturbance.
Overvoltages / approximate values
Type
Amplitude (xUn)
Duration
or kV
Frequency
or rise time
Insulation fault
y 1.7
30 - 1000 ms
50 Hz
Switching
2 - 4
1 - 100 ms
1 - 200 kHz
Lightning
2 to 8 kV (1)
1 - 100 µs
1 µs
Electrostatic
8 kV
1 - 10 µs
25 µs
(1) Depending on the position in the installation.
Harmonic spectrum of the current.
These overvoltages, via the natural leakage capacitance of the system, cause more
or less high transient leakage currents.
n Harmonic currents
These low and high-frequency currents may reach high values (see the harmonic
spectrum in the diagram opposite). These harmonic currents must be taken into
account when calculating the natural and/or intentional earth-leakage current and
setting a threshold for RCDs that does not provoke malfunctions.
n Waveform of the fault currents
In addition to the earth-leakage current problems, fault currents with a DC
component may arise if an insulation fault occurs. The RCD must not be “disturbed”
or “blinded” by this type of fault.
Consequences for use of RCDs
These phenomena create considerable earth-leakage currents (transient or continuous).
The RCD must not react to these leakage currents when they are not dangerous.
It is necessary to adjust the protection setting for people for indirect contacts,
taking into account the prospective leakage current.
Disturbances in distribution
systems
RCD-device settings in installations with high
leakage current.
TT system
n maximum current setting I∆n1
It is first necessary to check the earthing resistance (RT) of the exposed conductive
parts of the connected loads. The maximum setting value for RCD I∆n1 is provided
by UL/RT (where UL is equal to 50 V for standard environments and 25 V for humid
environments).
n minimum current setting I∆n2
It is then necessary to determine for the various parts of the installation protected
by a given RCD the natural leakage current (low because the leakage capacitances
are balanced) and the intentional leakage current (caused by the load filters). The
table below provides typical values for the leakage currents of loads causing
particularly high levels of disturbances.
If II is the value in question, the minimum setting I∆n2 of the RCDs is 2 II.
Note: with the specific factory setting and the operating tolerances under worst-case conditions
(temperature, auxiliary-source voltage, etc.), Vigirex can be used with a guaranteed nonoperating threshold of 0.8 I∆n . The minimum setting for a Vigirex devices can be as low as II
/0.8, i.e. 1.25 x II .
n table for leakage currents
Electrical equipment
Measured leakage current (mA)
Fax machine
Printer
Workstation
(UC, screen and printer)
Photocopy
machine
Floor heating
Single-phase and three-phase filters
0.5 to 1
<1
1 to 3
0.5 to 1.5
1 mA / kW
1 mA / load
Electrical equipment
Measured leakage current (mA)
Class II
Class I
Class I
Class I
0.25
0.75
3.5
3.5 or 5 % In
All equipment
Portable
A-type fixed or mobile
B-type fixed
n I∆n2 << I∆n1 (slightly disturbed system)
There are no problems with malfunctions if the discrimination rules are observed.
n I∆n2 ≈ I∆n1 to avoid nuisance tripping. There are three possible solutions:
segment the installation to reduce the leakage currents in each part
v v install an isolating transformer for sets of loads causing particularly high levels
of disturbances
set up the TN-S system for all or a part of the installation. This is possible if the
v disturbing loads can be identified and located (the case for computer
equipment).
10
2
IT system
The major characteristic of the IT system is its capacity to continue operation after a
first insulation fault. However, this insulation fault, though not dangerous, causes a
leakage current in the natural capacitances (high because unbalanced) and
intentional capacitances. This current may reach or exceed 1 A. If RCDs are
required, they must imperatively be set to a value double that of the leakage current
(see § 531.2.5 of standard IEC 60364-553).
n table for leakage currents depending on system capacitance
System leakage capacitance (mF)
1st fault current (A)
1
5
30
0.07
0.36
2.17
Table drawn from figure 5 in the Cahier Technique document 178.
Note: 1 ∆F is the typical leakage capacitance of 1 km of four-core cable.
For a load causing high leakage currents, the installation segmenting technique
mentioned above is often used.
Distribution system in a factory with a TNS segment for the management IT system.
IMD: insulation-monitoring device.
11
3. The different technologies
Ph
relay
N
Operation
NC contact
toroid
3.1. Standard residual current devices
actuator
n Principle:
v measurement of the sum of currents flowing through the conductors in a
circuit,
v opening the contacts on the residual current device if this vector sum goes
over a pre-determined value: sensitivity I∆n = 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA, etc.
Technical data
The majority of the residual current devices in the multi9 range have their own current technology, with the power of the fault causing the tripping.
This is a safer solution which does not depend on an external source likely to fail.
Principle of the standard range
The hysteresis curve
It represents the energy
which can be generated
within the magnetic
materials by the residual
current. Each material
has its own hysteresis
curve. Each type of RCD
has its own curve.
I
leak
AC
B
t
DC
∆Φ 2
Mono half wave
∆Φ 1
Standard RCD toroid curve
12
n Standard RCD toroids
These only detect classic alternating earth leakage currents. They are insensitive
to rectified (pulsed) currents with or without DC component. These currents are
as dangerous as alternating currents because they generate the same contact
voltage.
According to the Faraday law, any ∆Φ2 variations in the flux generated by the
magnetic field causes an induced voltage:
The curve in figure 1 shows a leakage of alternating current (AC) generating a ∆Φ1
variation which creates a residual current high enough to activate the relay.
A leakage of rectified DC current does not have a negative component. The toroid’s hysteresis cycle is incomplete and ∆Φ2 too weak to generate a voltage high
enough to activate the relay.
dφ
E = -N
dt
FIGURE 1
H
RCDs are made up of three main parts:
n v The toroid, in ferromagnetic material, detects and senses the power and
determines the fault current. Its primary winding is made up of one or several
phases and the neutrol phase to be protected. It works as follows:
In normal mode, the vector sum of the currents in this circuit is zero. If there is
a fault, it ceases being zero, a current is induced into the secondary coil and
acts on the tripping relay if it is higher than the sensitivity threshold.
v An eventual interface which deals with the recovered image of the fault
current.
v An electromechanical relay which allows the tripping and therefore the
­opening of the contacts.
n Protection against surges leading to overcurrents in common mode
All of Merlin Gerin’s standard residual current devices are protected against surges
in accordance with the UNE-EN 61008 and UNE-EN 61009 standards, which
request the following tests:
v 0.5µ/100kHz type standardised dampened overcurrent wave corresponding
to the type of current which is leaking through the installation capacitors in the
case of surges due to the connection of capacitive circuits.
v test of 8/20µs type standardised impulse current following surges caused by
a 1.2/50µs type lightening stroke. In concrete terms, instantaneous standard
devices withstand tests involving current peaks from 250 A 8/20µs type to
3,000 A (selective).
The different technologies
Ph
relay
N
3.2. Super immune type residual current devices
Operation
NC contact
toroid
interface
n Principle:
The technology of the "Si" and "SiE" range, based on the same operating principle as the technology of the standard range, is specially designed to withstand increasingly frequent disturbances.
Technical data
n "
Si" and "SiE" type RCD toroids
Principe of the "Si" and
These solve the problem of non-activation of the relay in the case of a leakage of
pulsated DC current. Figure 2 shows an operating diagram for a magnetic toroid
core with a flat, longer hysteresis curve, which increases the following ratio:
∆Φ2
∆Φ1
FIGURE 2
In this case, the residual current generated is high enough to activate the relay.
This is one of the features of the "Si" and "SiE" type residual current devices.
Variations close to the alternating or pulsed residual current are high enough to
generate the same amount of power.
∆Φ 2
H
∆Φ 2
n Electronic filtering
t
B
∆Φ 1
∆Φ 1 : under single-alternating current
∆Φ 2 : under alternating fault current
"Si" and "SiE" type RCD toroid
curve
Clean room, electronics, etc.
The technology of the "Si"
and "SiE" range presents
significant advantages
in terms of withstanding
disturbances thanks to its main
developments on toroids and
electronic filtering.
It therefore reaches higher
performance levels than those
defined in standards.
Major upgrading of the electronic filtering system for the treatment of the electrical
signal in the range of Merlin Gerin "Si" and "SiE" type residual current devices has
improved performance compared with standard products in the following areas:
v Influence of surges
The new instantaneous residual current devices in the "Si" and "SiE" range
can withstand levels much higher than those defined in the IEC 61008 and
IEC 61009 standards and can withstand the majority of transient overcurrents
caused by lightening discharges without tripping. This circuit means that the
most common types of nuisance tripping, caused by operations on the network
which, like the preceeding operations, are transmitted by the line capacitors
and load filters, can be avoided.
v Influence of high frequencies
These are generated and sent to earth by the filters on some loads, such as
fluorescent lighting electronic reactors, motor variable speed controllers, electronic dimmers, etc.
Two problems may arise with standard residual current devices, depending on
the number of loads installed:
- nuisance tripping,
- non-tripping through blinding.
The high frequency filters in the new "Si" and "SiE" range mean that nuisance
tripping can be avoided. The EMC design of the interface means that blinding
in the presence of high frequencies can be avoided.
v Tripping relays
The tripping relay on the residual current device continuously receives an
­electrical signal from the toroidal transformer which presents a continuous risk
of nuisance tripping or blocking.
In the "Si" and "SiE" range, the signal will not reach the relay unless all of the
filters "authorise" the tripping. The final tripping action is managed by the
­verification and tripping circuit.
v The stability of the trip threshold in relation to low temperatures is guaranteed by the choice of the toroid’s magnetic material as well as an appropriate
electronics/relay configuration.
13
3
The different technologies
v "SiE" type RCD range
The live parts of the relay are insensitive to corrosion thanks to a dual protective barrier:
- a patented anti-corrosion coating (amorphous carbon) on the live parts of
the relay ensures reliable products irrespective of the polluting or corrosive
substances present in the environment,
- a seal for tightness protects the relay from aggressive environments.
After tests conducted as per standard IEC 68-2-60 (gas mixtures - industrial
environment), chloramine tests (swimming pool environment) and damp heat
tests (greenhouse environment), the SiE RCDs have a withstand that is 100
times greater than conventional solutions.
3.3. Type B RCD technology:
n Fault with a DC component: B type earth leakage protection
Conventional protection devices are suitable for measuring AC fault currents.
However, fault currents with a DC component may arise if an insulation fault
occurs with three-phase rectified current . The RCD must not be "disturbed" or
"blinded" by this type of fault.
The main difficulty is to measure the fault current with a DC component, as this
can saturate the magnetic circuit and reduce the sensitivity of measurements. In
this case, there is the risk that a dangerous fault current might not be detected. To
avoid this problem and ensure that the toroid provides an accurate output signal, it
is necessary to use a magnetic material that does not have a horizontal saturation
curve, with low residual induction. With such a technology, RCD device will not be
blinded by this DC component : this is the B type earth leakege protection.
Leakage current between 1 phase and earth
These devices are suitable for all types of current and are required, in particular,
for rectified three-phase currents.
Those currents can be created by :
– regulators and variable speed drives
– UPS and battery chargers
And the main applications for B type RCDs will then be :
– mobile installations (cranes)
– chargers, UPS, machine tool, equipments laboratory
– elevators, escalators
– buildings for medical care (ex: x-ray equipment)
3-phase
14
Leakage current between 1 phase and earth - linked to a D
C leakage current, this explaining why it is not crossing the
zeroline
3.4. Recloser Automatic Device: the RED technology
Increasingly more installations are isolated and do not have any supervisory personnel (telecom relay, cold room, second home). Should a protection device trip,
downtime is lengthy and maintenance costs high.
A large number of trippings are due to transient faults. The RED provides a solution
to quickly put the installation back into operation, in optimum safety conditions
Transient faults are often due to environmental conditions that damage insulation
on a temporary basis (humidity, arcing due to dust, nuisance animals, etc.)
At the time of the fault there is a real danger. Tripping is thus normal (when the
fault has disappeared, the danger also disappears).
However, tripping of the earth leakage protection device and the power supply breaking that follows appearance of this fault may be a problem if it is not
detected quickly enough or in the absence of human presence. Automatic resetting allows reclosing of the earth leakage protection device and restoration of the
power supply without operator action.
Prior to any attempt to put back into operation, the RED tests insulation. Safety
conditions are thus optimum.
If the fault has disappeared, the installation can be put back into operation.
If the fault persists, the circuit remains open and an alarm indicates this fact.
Automatic reset operating principle
Check
No fault
4. Resumption of
operation
1. Tripping on an
insulation fault
2. Insulation
monitoring
3. Resetting
OFF + indication
After 3
unsuccessful
attempts
OFF + indication
1. Tripping of the earth leakage protection further to a fault.
2. Checking leakage current absence (setting to faulty status if permanent fault).
Most rival offers do not perform such preliminary insulation monitoring.
The RED calculates downstream circuit insulation resistance. This value must
be greater than the critical threshold:
• RED 30 mA : 120 kOhm
• REDtest 30 mA: 120 kOhm
• REDs 30 mA: 10 kOhm
• REDs 300 mA: 2 kOhm
3. Automatic resetting if the fault has disappeared.
RED set to faulty status and alarm after 3 unsuccessful resetting attempts. The
circuit then remains open.
4. Installation put back into operation without human intervention.
15
3
The different technologies
3.5. Advanced earth leakage protection:
the Vigirex technology
Vigirex residual-current devices (RCDs) with appropriate settings provide effective
protection of life and property. The characteristics of the relay / toroid combination
ensure reliable measurements.
Schneider Electric guarantees the safe clearing of faults by Vigirex relays set to 30
mA and combined with any of its circuit breakers rated up to 630 A. The reinforced
insulation of Vigirex relays (overvoltage category IV, the most severe) makes direct
connection possible at the head of the installation or on the upstream busbars
without any additional galvanic isolation.
Vigirex has a self-testing capabilities. Failure of the detection circuit is signalled
and may be used to trip the circuit breaker. The LEDs in front can also be used to
check operation at any time.
Vigirex also come with advance feature that can greatly improve electrical continuity
of service:
Reduced tripping tolerances
Vigirex relays trip between 0.8 and 1 x I∆n, thus increasing immunity to nuisance
tripping by 60 % compared to the residualcurrent protection requirements of
standard IEC 60947-2 annex M.
The standards indicate the preferred values for the residual operating current
settings.
Operating current I∆n in A:
0.006 – 0.01 – 0.03 – 0.1 – 0.3 – 0.5 – 1 – 3 – 10 – 30.
To take into account the tolerances (temperature, dispersion of components, etc.),
the standards indicate that an RCD device set to an I∆n value must:
v not operate for all fault currents y I∆n/2
v operate for all fault currents u I∆n.
The technologies employed for Vigirex devices guarantee dependable nonoperation up to 0.8 I∆n.
Standard IEC 60947-2 annex M allows manufacturers to indicate the level of nonoperation if it differs from the general rule.
16
Filtering of harmonic frequencies
Frequency converters, such as variable speed drives, generate high levels of high
frequency leakage currents. During normal operation, these leakage currents are
not a danger to users. Frequency filtering by Vigirex residual current relays ensures
maximum protection against insulation faults and a particularly high level of continuity of service.
non-dangerous leakage currents
n v frequency converters cause the most specific leakage currents to analyse.
The voltage waveform generated by the frequency converter and in particular
the voltage fronts caused by IGBT switching result in the flow of high-frequency
leakage currents in the supply cables.
Flow of leakage currents in a frequency converter.
These currents may reach levels of several tens or hundreds of milliamperes (rms
value).
n dangerous faults
Standard IEC 60479 indicates the sensitivity of the human body depending on the
frequency. Consequently, the table in question shows that:
p
v rotection for people at the power frequencies 50/60 Hz is the most critical
case
v the use of filters corresponding to the “desensitisation curve” ensures perfect
safety.
The figure below shows the result of the filters on Vigirex in reducing the effects of
the harmonic currents and malfunctions due to transient currents.
Frequency factor for the fibrillation threshold (IEC 60749-2).
Limiting values of the natural leakage currents downstream of a rectifier.
17
3
Rms measurements
Vigirex devices carry out rms measurements on the zero-sequence currents.
This is the means to: n accurately measure the harmonic currents and avoid nuisance tripping due to
non-dangerous currents with high crest factors
n correctly calibrate the energies of the fault currents because, for both fire
hazards and the protection of property, it is the energy of the fault current that
must be taken into account.
Inverse-time tripping curve
During circuit energisation, the inverse-time tripping curve makes it possible to
avoid nuisance tripping of the residual-current protection system by false zero
phase sequence currents caused by:
n high transient currents of certain loads (e.g. motors, LV/LV transformers, etc.)
the charging of capacitances between active conductors and earth.
n Protection for people requires the use of non-delay type relays. These relays must
comply with standards to ensure safety.
Standards IEC 60947-2 annex M and IEC 60755 indicate the preferred values for
the operating-current setting.
They stipulate the maximum break time depending on the residual fault current.
See table B in B.4.2.4.1 in standard IEC 60947-2 annex M.
If =
Time Tps
I∆n
0.3 s
2 I∆n
0.15 s
5 I ∆n
0.04 s
10 I∆n
0.04 s
Key:
Standardised RCD response curve as per the table.
Time Tps: total time required to break the current (including the time for the associated
protection device to open)
If: leakage current
I∆n: residual operating current setting
Leakage-current curve for switching in of a load with
leakage capacitance.
For devices set to 30 mA, 5 I∆n can be replaced by 0.25 A, in which case 10 I∆n is
replaced by 0.5 A.
Vigirex uses this type of response curve to manage the false fault currents caused
by switching in of loads (transformers, motors).
Schneider guarantees all the above break times for a Vigirex combined with its
circuit breakers rated up to y 630 A, particularly when set to 30 mA.
Guaranteed non-operation up to 0.8 I∆n
This function equipping Vigirex relays significantly increases (from 0.5 I∆n to 0.8 I∆n)
the immunity of relays to continuous leakage currents, both natural and intentional.
18
4. The applications
4.1. Lightning and priority loads
Comfortable operation and peace of mind
Circuit breaker with
selective 300/500
mA RCD
ID 30 mA
Protect
your priority loads
(freezer, PC, etc.)
from tripping linked to
lightening.
ID 30 mA
4
ID 300 mA
Surge arrester
Circuit
breakers
Essential circuits
(Freezer, PC, etc.)
Circuit
breakers
Specialised circuits
(washing machine,
dishwasher, etc.)
Circuit
breakers
Other circuits
n Extreme atmospheric conditions
When lightening falls close to a block of flats or building, the network is subjected to
a voltage wave which generates transient leakage currents through cables or filters.
These leakage currents can cause nuisance tripping, depending on the intensity, the
closeness of impact and the characteristics of the electrical installation.
n Solutions:
To ensure continuity of supply on essential circuits, while at the same time
ensuring safety in the case of atmospheric disturbances, the following must be
combined:
v a surge arrester, which protects sensitive loads against lightening surges,
v a circuit breaker with upstream selective s 300/500 mA RCD, to ensure
complete differential discrimination,
v a downstream 30 mA Si type residual current device, which is insensitive to
this type of leakage.
4.2. Ensuring people’s safety in low-temperature
conditions
Si range has been designed to ensure people’s safety by preventing the residual
current device from blocking at low temperatures.
n Extreme atmospheric conditions
Examples: outdoor domestic enclosures and winter caravan camping, etc..
n Solutions:
The residual current devices in the range work in temperature of up to -25°C.
This range therefore means more comfort and safety for users.
19
4.3. Computing and nuisance tripping
Economical installation and operating peace of mind
Standard
Recommended
Circuit breaker with
selective s 300/500
mA RCD
Circuit
ID
30 mA
"Si"
type 30
mA ID
Circuit
breakers
Circuit
breakers
2 computer stations max.
Increasing the number
of computer loads per
circuit and avoiding
information losses
linked to power cuts.
Up to 5 workstations
Installations including computers, printers or office workstations
n Phenomenon:
In order to be in line with European directives on electromagnetic compatibility,
several manufacturers have included interference filters in their computers. These
filters generate constant leakage currents of 50Hz, of the order of 0.5 to 1.5 mA
per device, depending on the type and brand. When there are several loads of this
type on the same phase, the leakage currents add up vectorially.
In the case of 3 phase loads, 2 phase leakages can be cancelled out depending
on their balance and the leakages caused on each phase.
Consequences: nuisance tripping
n When the sum of the constant leakages reaches approximately 30% of the residual current device’s rated sensibitivity threshold, any small surge or current peak
(caused for example by the switching on of one or several computers on the same
or another circuit) can cause nuisance tripping.
n Solutions: v dividing up the circuits
Dividing up the circuits prevents a surplus of loads depending on the same
conventional, single-phase residual current device. The figure of a maximum
of 6 loads is achieved by starting from the following consideration: in the worst
case, a leakage of 1.5 mA for each load, the total leakage is of 9 mA or 30% of the
sensitivity threshold for the 30 mA residual current device.
v using si residual current devices
Thanks to its behaviour faced with transient currents, the "Si" range is specially
recommended for installations with computer equipment.
It means that a greater number of machines can be installed (a maximum of
around 12 machines) with the same residual current device, without any nuisance
20
In concrete terms:
Thanks to "Si" type
residual current devices,
you can increase the
number of computer
stations connected from
2 to 5.
The applications
4.4. Lighting and nuisance tripping
Fluorescent lighting with electronic ballasts
Standard
Circuit breaker with
selective 300/500
mA RCD
ID 30 mA
Recommended
Circuit breaker with
selective 300/500
mA RCD
4
ID "Si" 30 mA
Circuit
breakers
Increase the number of
lighting loads per circuit
and prevent effects linked to
lighting power cuts
(panic, inconvenience, etc.)
20 ballasts max.
up to 50 ballasts
n Phenomenon:
Electronic ballasts can be at the root of two types of problem:
high frequencies:
v Generating high-frequency currents injected into the network or escaping to
earth can cause the blinding of the relay which in turn can bring about:
– a risk for people if there is a 50Hz fault at the same time.
– nuisance tripping without any risks to people (no more continuity of supply).
switching peaks when switching on or off.
v If these high-frequency currents are weak (and do not block the residual current
device), they will cause the tripping relay to be pre-sensibilised.
If other ballast circuits are switched on, discharges occur between the capacitors
of these circuits through frames connected to earth. A definitive sensitivity could
then manifest itself which could cause nuisance tripping or the tripping of the
residual current device.
Possible consequences (when conventional residual current devices are
n used):
non-tripping
v There is a risk of non-tripping when a high level of high-frequency current is
reached for a single standard residual current device (corresponding to a large
number of electronic ballasts, for example over 20 per single-phase circuit),
v nuisance tripping
This occurs when the switching peaks or high frequency levels are high
(due to an overly large number of ballasts).
n Solutions:
v using "Si" type residual current devices
These have been designed to prevent non-tripping and nuisance tripping in the
case of high-frequency currents. The number of ballasts per residual current
device is increased to 50 per phase.
v limiting the number of ballasts on each standard residual current device
whenever necessary (less than 20 per phase).
21
The applications
Circuit breaker with
selective 300/500
mA RCD
ID
Loads and phenomena generating current peaks
"Si"for 1P and
"B" for 3P ID
ID
Circuit
breakers
Motor
circuit-breaker
Lighting
Controller
Altivar
9978 VR 01
4887 KI 69
5612 KL 21
9978 VR 01
9978 VR 01
1151 TR 73
3335 YU 56
5612 KL 21
4131 BU 57
9978 VR 01
4887 KI 69
3335 YU 56
5612 KL 21
8910 AD 28
1151 TR 73
5123 CE 66
5612 KL 21
8910 AD 28
9978 VR 01
4887 KI 69
4.5. Choosing safety and operating peace of mind
for your variable speed controllers
8951 GH 56
n Switching on the low voltage network
Sudden changes in voltage are caused by:
v the switching on or off of conventional fluorescent devices (over 10 or 20
ballasts cause problems),
v sudden operations on the network,
v the tripping of an automatic device on another circuit,
a fuse blowing,
v v any electrical arc generated on the network (motor, contactor, switch, etc.).
All of the capacities of an installation (loads’ electronic filters), associated with the
cable capacities, convey a transient leakage current with each sudden change in
voltage, thus giving rise to nuisance tripping.
The residual current devices in the "Si" range are perfect for this type of installation because they can withstand high levels of transient current
and therefore avoid nuisance tripping.
n Starting up motors
The high peaks generated when a motor is started up cause the nuisance tripping
of the residual current device. We recommend that you use the "Si" range
(when the start up peak is 6 times higher than the normal current) and that you
increase the calibration of the residual current device (if the peaks are 10 times
higher than the rated current).
Ventilator
Variable motor speed controllers, dimmers, etc.
n Phenomenon:
v High frequencies in the installation
High frequencies, sent to earth or transmitted onto the network, can be responsible for the residual current device not tripping. They are also the cause of nuisance
tripping when their RMS value is low and they are superimposed with constant 50
Hz leakages. Variable motor speed controllers are loads which can generate highfrequency current leakages and transmit them onto the network.
Dimmers can give rise to the same phenomenon, especially when the power goes
over 3,000 W in terms of light dimming. In some installations, several types of
loads can cause high frequencies, even if the power of each load is not very high.
The effects of each of the loads add up and lead to the residual current device’s
inability to operate.
v These loads bring about the risk of faults on pulsed DC currents.
n Possible consequences:
v nuisance tripping,
v non-tripping.
n Solutions:
v dividing up the circuit
It is recommended that the circuit be divided up whenever possible.
v "Si" or "B" type protection
The "Si" and "B" ranges are the only ones designed to ensure safety and continuity of supply at the same time while preventing the residual current device’s
inability to operate and nuisance tripping.u
v put the "Si" or "B" type protection upstream from the controller
– "Si" type for single phase circuit
– "B" type for three phase circuit
22
The applications
4.6. Continuity of supply in hazardous ­environment
Example of sites exposed External influences
Iron and steel industry, steel works. Presence of sulphur,
sulphur containing fumes,
hydrogen sulphide.
Marinas, ships, dockyards. trading ports, salty environments,
seasides damp outside environments,
low temperatures.
Swimming pools, hospitals, food-processing.
Chlorinated compounds.
Petrochemistry. Hydrogen,
combustion gases,
nitrogen oxides.
Breeding farms, dumps. Sulphur-containing hydrogen.
4
CONSEQUENCES
Corrosion
Standard residual current relay contact weiding
Non-tripping of the RCD
DANGER
For such applications, the SiE type will provide safe protection to the people,
while still being immune to nuisance tripping.
4.7. Remote sites and transient faults
Transient faults affecting remote sites can cause serious electrical continuity
problems, especially when those are not supervised. An automatic recloser RED
will prove useful for :
Telecom relays
Water or gas distribution
Computer servers
Secondary homes
RED can be a simple and efficient solution where power outage can not be
­ ccepted :
a
Cold room and food store protection
Lift protetion
Public lighting, alarms
Bank cash point ….
4.8. Advance earth leakage protection applications
The advance features of Vigirex allow perfect protection of people and goods
while improving continuity of service. Its features can be useful for sensitive building or process such as :
Hospitals
Airports
Pulp and Paper industry
Steel plants
Petrochemical plants
Data centers
Semiconductor plants
23
Which protection to use?
Protection device
Type
Applications
Current uses
Electronic loads, rectifiers, instruments, switch mode power supplies, variable speed controllers, etc...
Environment
Disturbed networks with: Risk of nuisance
Lightning stroke, switchgear
tripping due to transient operating on the network...
voltage surges
High risk of nuisance Close lightning strokes, IT earthing
Enhanced
tripping(*)
system, equipment incorporating
continuity
interference filters (lighting, computer of supply
systems), variable speed controllers,
frequency converters, electronic
lighting ballasts
Sources of blindness Presence of harmonics or high
Enhanced
frequency rejections
earth
leakage
protection
A
A si
A SIE
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
-
-
b
b
-
-
b
b
-
b
b
b
Use: -25°C
Swimming pools, marinas, agri-food industries, water
treatment plants, industrial production sites, etc...
-
b
-
b
-
b
b
Whether they are applied quickly or increased slowly
b
b
b
b
-
b
b
b
Presence of DC components:
equipment incorporating diodes,
thyristors, triacs (single phase)
Presence of DC components:
equipment incorporating diodes,
thyristors, triacs (three phase)
Low temperatures
Humid atmospheres and/
or atmospheres polluted
by aggressive agents
Tripping
Due to sinusoidal AC
residual currents
Due to continuous pulsed
residual currents
AC
-
Optimum contininuity of supply
Hospitals, Airports, Pulp and paper, Data centers, Petro
Reduced tolerances
Chemical plant, Steel industry Semi conductors
Inverse time monitoring
Frequency filtering
RMS measurement
( ) Those nuisance tripping are an indirect efect of a close lightning stroke. However, direct effect of lightning which strokes directly on power lines can destroy
*
equipment connected to it. In that case, only surge protection devices will protect the equipment.
Indirect effect of lightning --> nuisance tripping --> use of super-immune protection
Direct effect of lightning --> dangerous voltage surge --> use of surge protection device
24
B
RED
b
Vigirex
b
b
b
b
b
5
b
b ()
*
b
Vigi module
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Vigirex module
( ) Schneider Exclusivity: Type B additional
*
coordination with Telemecanique variable speed drives
to avoid nuisance tripping due to EMC problems
25
Catalogue
Numbers
6. The "Si" and "SiE" range
Technical data
The Merlin Gerin range has characteristics which are highly superior to those of
the standard range and is therefore more capable of withstanding disturbances.
Product characteristics
DPN N Vigi
ID
"Si" and "SiE"
"Si" and "SiE"
Vigi C60 Vigi C120 "Si" and "SiE" "Si" and "SiE"
≤ 80A
Vigi NG 125
"Si"
100/125A
Electrical data
Curve
C
-
-
IDm (A) residual breaking capacity
6,000
2,500
same as associated circuit-breaker
Icn (A) rated breaking capacity
6,000
-
same as associated circuit-breaker
Icu ultimate breaking capacity in 7.5
-
accordance with IEC 60947.2 (KA) - Insulation voltage (kV) -
-
2 (NF C-150)
-
690
Degree of protection
- of terminal IP 20
IP 20
IP 20
IP 20B
- of front face IP 40
IP 40
IP 40
IP 40D
Current limiting class
3
3
-
Test operating limit 115/264 (2P) 102/176
90
176/456 (4P) 115/240
(V CA) (min./max.)
104/264
Supply voltage tolerance
-15% +10%
-15% + 10%
-15% +10%
-20% +10%
-20% +10%
Operating frequency (Hz)
50… 60
50… 60
50
AC class: 50… 60
50… 60
Electrical endurance
≤ 20 A: 20,000 10,000
20,000 -
10,000
10,000
(O/C cycles)
25 A: 25,000
32 A: 10,000
40 A: 6,000
Level of RCDs’ electromagnetic compatibility- Protection against disturbances
test
standard level
test
(IEC 61543)
required
result
Standard class
approved instantaneous
RCD
Voltage wave: 1.2/50µ
(IEC 61000-4-5)
Differential mode:
4 kV under 2 Ω
5.1.2
Common mode:
5 kV under 2 Ω
(T2.3)
Rapid transient (IEC 61000-4-4)
bursts (T2.2)
4 kV
5.1.2
Dampened current
(IEC 61008-61009)
sine wave (T2.4)
200 A
5.1.4
Current wave (IEC 61008-61009)
8/20 µs for s type only 5.1.2
10/1,000 µs
-
Electrostatic
(IEC 61000-4-2)
discharges
in the air: 8 kV
5.1.3
(T3.1)
on contact: 6 kV
26
internal level required
Standard class Instantaneous
s type RCD
RCD "Si" type
s type RCD
"Si" type
5 kV
8 kV
5 kV
8 kV
5 kV
8 kV
5 kV
8 kV
4 kV
4 kV
4 kV
4 kV
200 A
400 A
400 A
400 A
250 Â
0 Â
3 kÂ
10 Â
3 kÂ
1.5 Â
5 kÂ
> 200 Â
8 kV
6 kV
8 kV
6 kV
8 kV
6 kV
8 kV
6 kV
Product characteristics (cont.)
DPN N Vigi "Si" and "SiE"
ID "Si" and "SiE"
≤ 80A
100/125A
Vigi C60
Vigi C120
"Si" and "SiE" "Si" and "SiE"
Vigi NG125 "Si"
Mechanical data
Tunnel terminals with guard
35 mm2 50 mm2
1.5 to 35 mm2 35 mm2
-flexible cable
10 mm
2
≤ 25 16 mm
≤ 63
25 mm2
-hard cable
16 mm2
50 mm2 -
1 to 50 mm2 50 mm2
≤ 25
25 mm2
≤ 63
-
35 mm2
Tightening torque (N.m)
3.5
3.5
3.5
≤ 25 A: 2
≤ 63 A:
-
3.5
Mounting method:
on 35 mm symmetrical rail
n
n on mounting plate
n
n on mounting plate
Self-extinguishing:
- on insulating parts connected to a
potential in accordance with
IEC 60695-2-1
960°C, 30 s
960°C, 30 s
960°C, 30 s
960°C, 30 s
- on insulating parts not connected
to a potential in accordance with
IEC 60695-2-1
650°C, 30 s
650°C, 30 s
650°C, 30 s
650°C, 30 s
Mechanical withstand capacity IEC 60947-2
- against impacts:
in accordance with IEC 60068-2-6 n
n n
- against shaking:
in accordance with IEC 60068-2-6 n
n
n
Mechanical endurance (O/C cycles)
20,000
- off-load, IEC 60947-1
20,000
20,000 5,000
20,000
- on-load, IEC 61008, In x 0.9
10,000 - by test action, NF C 61-150
20,000 - by fault current, NF C 61-150
20,000 Fast closing
n
n -
n
n
Isolation with positive
break indication
n
n
n
n
Environment
Operating temperature
Storing temperature
Damp heat in accordance
with IEC 61008
Tropicalisation
-25°C to +60°C
-40°C to +70°C
-25°C to +40°C
-40°C to +70°C
-25°C to +40°C -25 °C to +60°C
-25°C to +60°C -40 °C to +70°C
n
n
n
treatment 2 (95% of relative humidity at 55°C in accordance with IEC 60068-2-30)
-10 °C to +60 °C
-40 °C to +70 °C
n
Auxiliaries and accessories
Merlin Gerin offers you a whole range of add-on auxiliaries and accessories which can be simply and easily
integrated into electrical systems:
Auxiliaries
Accessories
O/F auxiliary contact (open/closed)
SD fault indicating switch
MX + OF shunt release
MN or MNs undervoltage release
Please contact your representative for more information.
Comb busbar
Bars of clip-on markers
Padlocking facility
Terminal shield
Screw shield
27
6
6.1. Selection tables
"Si" and "SiE" type RCCB-ID
type
voltage
(V CA)
rating
(A)
sensitivity
cat. no.
(mA)
width
(module: 9 mm)
2P
240
25
30
40
30
N 1
40
300 s
63
30
T
R
63
300 s
80 300 s
N 2
"Si"
"SiE"
23523 23300
23524 23307
-
23314
23525 23352
23363 23355
23372
4
4
4
4
4
4
4P
415
N 1 3 5
T
R
N 2 4 6
30
30
300 s
30
300 s
30
300 s
23526 23377
23529 23379
-
23398
23530 23383
23392 23401
23390
23394
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
sensitivity
cat. no. 25
40
40
63
63
80
80
A class RCCB-ID
type
voltage
28
rating
(A)
(mA)
width
(module: 9 mm)
2P
230
16
10
23415
4
25
10
23353
4
30
23354
4
N
1
300
23356
4
40
30
23358
4
T
R
300
23360
4
N
2
300 s
23265
4
63
30
23362
4
300
23364
4
300 s
23370
4
500 s
23371
4
80
300 s
23272
4
100
300 s
23279
4
4P
230/400 25
30
23378
8
300
23380
8
500
23381
8
N 1 3 5
40
30
23382
8
T
100
23304
8
R
100 s
23490
8
N 2 4 6
300
23384
8
300 s
23399
8
500
23385
8
63
30
23386
8
100 s
23494
8
300
23388
8
300 s
23402
8
500
23389
8
80
300
23326
8
300 s
23284
8
500 s
23376
8
100
300 s
23294
8
C60, C120 and NG 125 "Si" and "SiE" type Vigi modules
type
voltage
(V)
rating
(A)
sensitivitycat. no. width
(mA)
2P
C60
"Si"
(module: 9 mm)
"SiE"
230… 415
≤ 25 30 1 3
≤ 40 30 T
≤ 40 300 s ≤ 63 30 300 s
2 4
1000 s
26747 26700
26761 26701
-
26716
26774 26702
26779 26706
26806
3
3
3
4
4
4
C120
230… 415
120
1 3
T
2 4
18591
18592
18556
18593
18557
7
7
7
7
7
26747
30
300
300 s
500
1,000 s
18592
6
3P
C60
230… 415
≤ 25
1 3 5
≤ 40
T
≤ 63
2
18594
6
C120
230… 415
120
1 3 5
T
2
26756
19004
4
4
6
30 26751
30 26764 26691
30 26789 26721
300 s 26794
1000 s 26807
30
300
300 s
500
1,000 s
18594 18676
18595 18677
18558
18596
18559
6
6
7
7
10
10
10
10
10
NG 125
220… 415
125 30 19100
9
adjustable
19106
9
4P
C60
230… 415
≤ 25
≤ 40
1 3 5 7
T
≤ 40
≤ 63
2 4 6 8
30 30 300 s 30 300 s
1000 s
26756
26767
-
26799
26804
26808
C120
230… 415
120
1 3 5 7
T
30
300
300 s
500
1,000 s
18597 18602
18598 18678 10
18560 18600 10
18599
10
18561 18601 10
30 adjustable
19101
19107
2
NG 125
4
6
26703
26704
26730
26705
26707
26708
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
220… 415
125
9
9
29
Catalogue
Numbers
PB101616-55-1
Protection of people against direct and
indirect contacts.
Protection of installations against
insulation faults.
Control and isolation of on-load
electrical circuits already protected
against overloads and short-circuits.
RCCB-ID 25...125 A, B type
6.2. Description B type
B type
The RCCB-ID B type residual current circuit-breakers provide specific protection of
three-phase installations and people even in the presence of DC fault currents on
the network generated by:
n three-phase controllers and variable speed drives
n three-phase battery chargers and inverters
n three-phase backed-up power supplies.
They are a requirement for three-phase supplied applications, when class l
equipment installed downstream from the RCCB-ID are likely to produce DC
component fault currents (pure DC fault)
.
They include and also guarantee protection against fault currents:
n sinusoidal AC residual currents
(AC type)
n pulsed DC residual currents
(A type).
They can be adapted, without exception, to all the application cases defined in
standards IEC 60364 and EN 50178.
The B type RCCB-ID combination with variable speed drives of the Telemecanique
brand has been successfully tested and validated.
Instantaneous
It ensures instantaneous tripping (without time delay).
16766
Selective s
It ensures total discrimination with a non-selective RCD placed downstream.
RCCB-ID 25...125 A, B type
Technical data
Compliance with standards
IEC 61008, EN 61008, VDE 0664
Voltage rating
230/400 V AC, +10%, -15%
Frequency rating
50 Hz
Current rating (In)
25, 40, 63, 80 or 125 A
Making and breaking capacity,
10 In with 500 A minimum
rated residual current (I∆m = Im)
as per standard IEC 61008
Protected against nuisance tripping due to transient overvoltages (lightning stroke,
device switching on the network, etc.)
Level of immunity in 8/20 µs wave
3 kÂ
Tripping time
Short-circuit current withstand
(I∆c = Inc)
Number of operating cycles (O-C)
Releases with fixed sensitivities
for all ratings
Test button
Indication of RCCB-ID status
Tropicalisation
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Weight (g)
Degree of protection
Connection by tunnel terminal
30
I∆n: ≤ 300 ms
5I∆n: ≤ 40 ms
See the circuit-breaker or fuse coordination
table with B type RCCB-ID
Mechanical: > 5 000
Electrical: > 2 000
Instantaneous release
Selective release s: allows total vertical
discrimination with the 30 mA RCDs placed
downstream
Checks proper operation of the tripping
mechanism
Working range: 185...440 V AC
By 3-position toggle and mechanical
indicator on the front face: closed (red
indicator) tripped on fault (red indicator)
open (green indicator) By OFsp auxiliary
switch (optional)
Treatment 2 (relative humidity 95% at 55°C)
-25°C to +40°C
-40°C to +60°C
500
IP40 on front face
IP20 at terminals
Flexible or rigid cable: 1 x 1.5 to 50 mm2 or
2 x 1.5 to 16 mm2
RCCB-ID 25...125 A, B type
Catalogue numbers
Type
16766
Voltage
Rating
Sensitivity
(V AC)
(A)
(mA)
RCCB-ID residual current circuit-breakers
4P
230/400
25
30
300
40
30
300
300s
500
63
30
300
300s
500
80
30
300
300s
125
30
300
300s
500
Width in
Cat. no.
mod. of 9 mm
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
16750
16751
16752
16753
16754
16755
16756
16757
16758
16759
16760
16761
16762
16763
16764
16765
16766
OFsp auxiliary
Electrical indication: by OFsp auxiliary mounted to the left. It has a double changeover switch
indicating the “open” or “closed” position of the B type RCCB-ID
Weight (g)
Connection by tunnel terminal
40
Flexible or rigid cable: 0.5 to 1.5 mm2
Type
Voltage
(V AC)
Contact Width in
Cat. no.
(A)
mod. of 9 mm
OFsp
230 V AC (AC15)
230 V DC (DC13)
6
1
16940
22
12 14
21
11
16940
1
Accessory
4-pole sealable screw shield
Degree of protection
16939
Prevents contact with device terminal screws
IP40
Type
Screw shield (set of 10 parts) upstream/downstream
Number of
poles
4
Cat. no.
16939
31
6
RCCB-ID 25...125 A, B type
Coordination tables, max. short-circuit current
(kA rms)
Circuit-breakers / B type RCCB-ID coordination (IEC 60947-3)
Circuit-breaker
RCCB-ID, B type
400/415 25 A
V network 40 A
63 A
80 A
125 A
multi 9
Compact
C60N C60H C60L NG125a C120N NG125N NG125H NS100 NS160
C120H
NG125L
10
10
10
15
15
15
25
20
15
7
7
7
5
5
7
7
7
7
5
15
15
15
15
10
15
15
15
15
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Fuses / B type RCCB-ID coordination (IEC 60947-3)
gl or gG
fuse (A)
RCCB-ID, B type
400/415 V 25 A
network
40 A
63 A
80 A
125 A
16
25
32
40
50
63
80
100
125
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
80
80
80
80
50
50
50
30
30
30
20
20
10
10
Ut > 1000 V
d To perform the
dielectric test, disconnect
terminals 3, 5, 7 and 4, 6, 8.
32
Catalogue
Numbers
RED, REDs, REDtest
Selection table
The RED, REDs and REDtest REsidual current Devices offer the following
functions:
n protection of people against direct and indirect contacts
n protection of installations against insulation faults
n disconnection of on-load electric circuits, already protected against overloads
and short-circuits
n automatic restart after insulation monitoring of the downstream circuit
n automatic and periodical test of the device, without breaking downstream
circuit (REDtest).
Selection table
REDtest
PB101781-50
REDs
PB101780-50
RED
PB101779-50
Type
6
Technical data
Earth leakage protection compliance with standards IEC 61008, EN 61008
b
b
b
Current rating (In)
Sensibility
Type
25, 40, 63 A
30 mA
A
25, 40, 63 A
30, 300 mA
A
25, 40 A
30 mA
A
b
b with prolonged insulation monitoring
b
Recloser
Autotest
Power supply
From the top
From the
bottom
Indication
Mechanical
Luminous
Remote
b
-
b
b
b
b
b
By O-l (open-closed) 2-position lever
1 LED
-
By O-l (open-closed) 2-position lever
2 LEDs
1 built-in auxiliary contact
By O-l (open-closed) 2-position lever
2 LEDs
1 built-in auxiliary contact
-
33
RED 25...63 A, A type
30 mA
PB101779-50
6.3. Description RED type
The RED, REsidual current Device recloser, is made up of a residual current device
and a recloser.
A type
The RED phase-to-neutral residual current devices provide A type earth leakage
protection: tripping due to sinusoidal AC residual currents as well as by continuous
pulsed residual currents, whether they are applied quickly or increased slowly.
RED 25...63 A, A type
Common technical data
18681
Power supply
Voltage rating (Ue)
Frequency rating
Current rating (ln)
Impulse withstand voltage (Uimp)
Insulation voltage (Ui)
8/20 µs wave immunity level
Tropicalisation
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Weight (g)
Protection class
Connection by tunnel terminal with guard
From top and bottom
230 V AC, +10 %, -15 %
50 Hz
25, 40, 63 A
4 kV
500 V
250 Â
Treatment 2 (relative humidity: 95 % at 55°C)
-5°C to +40°C
-20°C to +60°C
350
IP20 at terminals
25 mm2 flexible cable or 35 mm2 rigid cable
Mounting
On DIN rail
Residual current device
Compliance with standards
Making and breaking capacity, rated
residual current (I∆m=Im)
Breaking capacity in association with
protection device
Tripping time
Short-circuit current withstand
(I∆c = Inc)
Number of cycles (O-C)
Fixed sensitivity releases for all ratings
Test button min operating voltage
IEC 61008, EN 61008
630 A
10.000 A (gL 63 A)
I∆n : ≤ 300 ms
5I∆n : ≤ 40 ms
See coordination table of circuit-breaker or fuse
with A type RED
Mechanical: 1,000
Instantaneous release
100 V
Recloser technical data
Max duration of a restart cycle
Number of restart operations
Maximum number of consecutive restart
attempts (if no earth fault)
Min interval between 2 closings
Insulation fault presence monitoring
Restart in event of transient insulation
fault
Stopping restart cycle if insulation fault
present
90 s
15/hour
3
180 s
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indication
RED status indication
34
Mechanical:
by O-l (open-closed) 2-position lever
Electrical: by 1 red indicator light on the front panel
RED 25...63 A, A type
30 mA
Catalogue numbers
Type
Voltage
Rating
(V AC)
(A)
RED residual current devices
2P
230
25
40
63
Sensitivity
(mA)
Width in
mod. of 9 mm
Cat. no.
30
30
30
8
8
8
18681
18683
18685
Coordination table, max short-circuit current (kA rms)
Multi 9 circuit-breaker, fuse / A type RED coordination
RED A type
Network 25 A
230 V
40 A
L/N
63 A
Multi 9 circuit-breakers
C32 K60 DT40 DT40N
C60
C120
NG125
Fuse
gL 63
4.5
4.5
-
6
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
6
6
6
-
6
6
-
6
6
-
6
Operation
Recloser
The built-in automatic recloser automatically recloses the residual current device
after checking insulation of the downstream circuit. If the circuit is faulty, then RCD
reclosing is prohibited.
Fig.1
Residual current device
The RED operates in the residual current device mode without automatic restart
when the sliding cover is open, i.e. to the right in the Auto Off position (Fig. 1).
The automatic restart mode is activated when the sliding cover is closed, i.e. to the
left in the Auto On position (Fig. 2).
Fig.2
Test
bthis is only possible in manual mode, i.e. sliding cover open in the Auto Off
position. You can then manually test the device by pressing the Test key. The
downstream installation is then temporarily broken. You must then manually reclose
the RED, by activating the O-l lever to power supply the downstream circuit.
35
RED 25...63 A, A type
30 mA
Operation (cont.)
Recloser
Operating diagram of the recloser
+
ON
LED :
OFF
FAULT
No
?
OFF
F = 1 Hz
Yes
CLACK
R
OFF
R
CHECK
R
FAULT
R
3 min
Yes
FAULT
?
FAULT
No
No
RCD
reclosing
OK
Yes
3rd reclosing
attempt
? No
R
? Yes
OK
END
Operating and indicating diagram of a restart cycle:
Faulty installation
Healthy installation
Power contact
Monitoring phase
Installation test
Operating spring loading
Flashing
LED (operating status)
36
Sliding cover
opening
Permanent fault
detection and
blocking
Fault
Restart
Restart
cycle start
Transient tripping
fault
Downstream voltage
RED 25...63 A, A type
30 mA
Dimensions
6
37
REDs 25...63 A, A type
30 mA and 300mA
Protection of people against direct and indirect
contacts.
Protection of installations against insulation faults.
Disconnection of on-load electric circuits, already
protected against overloads and short-circuits.
Automatic restart after insulation monitoring of the
downstream circuit.
6.4. Description REDs
PB10178+-50
Catalogue
Numbers
18688
The REDs, REsidual current Device recloser, is made up of a residual current device
and a recloser.
A type
The REDs phase-to-neutral residual current devices provide A type earth leakage
protection: tripping due to sinusoidal AC residual currents as well as by continuous
pulsed residual currents, whether they are applied quickly or increased slowly.
REDs 25...63 A, A type
Common technical data
Power supply
Voltage rating (Ue)
Frequency rating
Current rating (ln)
Impulse withstand voltage (Uimp)
Insulation voltage (Ui)
8/20 µs wave immunity level
Tropicalisation
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Weight (g)
Protection class
Connection by tunnel terminal with guard
Mounting
From top and bottom
230 V AC, +10 %, -15 %
50 Hz
25, 40, 63 A
4 kV
500 V
250 Â
Treatment 2 (relative humidity: 95 % at 55°C)
-5°C to +40°C
-20°C to +60°C
360
IP20 at terminals
25 mm2 flexible cable or 35 mm2 rigid cable
On DIN rail
Residual current device
Compliance with standards
Making and breaking capacity, rated
residual current (I∆m=Im)
Breaking capacity in association with
protection device
Tripping time
Short-circuit current withstand
(I∆c = Inc)
Number of cycles (O-C)
Fixed sensitivity releases for all ratings
Test button min operating voltage
IEC 61008, EN 61008
630 A
10.000 A (gL 63 A)
I∆n : £ 300 ms
5I∆n : £ 40 ms
See coordination table of circuit-breaker or
fuse with A type REDs
Mechanical: 1,000
Instantaneous release
100 V
Recloser technical data
Max duration of a restart cycle
Number of restart operations
Maximum number of consecutive restart
attempts (if no earth fault)
Min interval between 2 closings
Insulation fault presence monitoring
Restart in event of transient insulation fault
Stopping restart cycle if insulation fault
present
90 s
15/hour
3
180 s
Yes
Yes
Yes, during 15 minutes
Indication
REDs status indication
Mechanical:
by O-l (open-closed) 2-position lever
Electrical: by 2 indicator lights on the front panel:
left: red LED
right: green LED
Remote: by 1 built-in auxiliary contact
Auxiliary contact technical data
Voltage rating (Ue)
Insulation voltage (Ui)
Current rating (ln)
Type
Connection by tunnel terminal
38
5...230 V AC/DC
350 V
Min: 0.6 mA
Max: 100 mA, power factor = 1
Configurable : NO or NC or intermittent 1 Hz
Flexible or rigid cable: max 2.5 mm2
REDs 25...63 A, A type 30 mA
Catalogue numbers
Type
Voltage
Rating
(V AC)
(A)
REDs residual current devices
2P
230
25
Sensitivity
(mA)
Width in
Cat. no.
mod. of 9 mm
30
300
30
300
30
300
40
63
8
8
8
8
8
8
18687
18688
18689
18690
18691
18692
Coordination table, max short-circuit current (kA rms)
Multi 9 circuit-breakers
C32 K60 DT40 DT40N
REDs A type
Network 25 A
230 V
40 A
L/N
63 A
4.5
4.5
-
6
6
-
6
6
-
6
6
-
C60
10
10
10
C120
10
10
10
NG125
10
10
10
Fuse
gL 63
6
6
6
6
DB109806
Operation
Fig. 1
Recloser
The built-in automatic recloser automatically recloses the residual current device
after checking insulation of the downstream circuit. If the circuit is faulty, then RCD
reclosing is prohibited. After a 15-minute time delay, downstream circuit insulation
is checked again.
There are then two possibilities:
the installation is still faulty: in this case a new check will be carried out in
n 15 minutes.
The sequence is locally reported by a 5-second intermittent red Led and remotely
reported by the auxiliary contact.
the fault was temporary and has disappeared: the recloser automatically
n recloses the RCD.
DB109806
Residual current device
The REDs operates in the residual current device mode without automatic restart
when the sliding cover is open, i.e. to the right in the Auto Off position (Fig. 1).
The automatic restart mode is activated when the sliding cover is closed, i.e. to the
left in the Auto On position (Fig. 2).
Test
this is only possible in manual mode, i.e. sliding cover open in the Auto Off
n position. You can then manually test the device by pressing the Test key. The
downstream installation is then temporarily broken. You must then manually
reclose the REDs by activating the O-l lever to power supply the downstream
circuit.
39
REDs 25...63 A, A type
30 mA and 300mA
Operation (cont.)
Recloser
Operating diagram of the recloser
+
ON
LEDs :
OFF
FAULT
No
OFF
Yes
CLACK
F = 1 Hz
?
R
OFF
5s 5s
5s
R
CHECK
R
R
G
R
Yes
FAULT
15 min
3 min
?
No
FAULT
No
RCD
reclosing
OK
? No
Yes
OK
END
3rd reclosing
attempt
?
R
Yes
G
Operating and indicating diagram of a restart cycle:
Faulty installation
(3rd reclosig attempt)
Healthy installation
Power contact
Monitoring phase
Installation test
Operating spring loading
Flashing
Right LED (voltage presence)
Left LED (operating status)
Auxiliary contact
40
Sliding cover
opening
Fault detection
and blocking
Fault
Restart
Restart
cycle start
Transient tripping
fault
Downstream voltage
REDs 25...63 A, A type
30 mA
Operation (cont.)
Remote indication
The auxiliary contact is activated in event of blocking on a residual current fault,
during checking and time delay phases.
It can be configured according to 3 possibilities:
mode 1 : 1 NO contact for an indicator light…
n n mode 2 : 1 NC contact for a telephone dialler…
n mode 3 : 1 intermittent contact, F = 1 Hz for a bell…
DB109799
Dimensions
6
41
Catalogue
Numbers
REDtest 25...40 A, A type
30 mA
Protection of people against direct and indirect contacts.
Protection of installations against insulation faults.
Disconnection of on-load electric circuits, already
protected against overloads and short-circuits.
Automatic restart after insulation monitoring of the
downstream circuit.
Periodic automatic testing of the device without
downstream circuit power supply breaking.
6.5. Description REDtest
The REDtest, REsidual current Device recloser, is made up of a residual current
device, a recloser and a product automatic test function (Autotest).
A type
The REDtest phase-to-neutral residual current devices provide A type earth leakage
protection: tripping due to sinusoidal AC residual currents as well as by continuous
pulsed residual currents, whether they are applied quickly or increased slowly.
REDtest 25...40 A, A type
PB101781-50
Common technical data
18280
Power supply
Voltage rating (Ue)
Frequency rating
Current rating (ln)
Impulse withstand voltage (Uimp)
Insulation voltage (Ui)
8/20 µs wave immunity level
Tropicalisation
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Weight (g)
Protection class
Connection by tunnel terminal with
guard
Mounting
From top only
230 V AC, +10 %, -15 %
50 Hz
25, 40 A
4 kV
500 V
250 Â
Treatment 2 (relative humidity: 95 % at 55°C)
-5°C to +40°C
-20°C to +60°C
370
IP20 at terminals
25 mm2 flexible cable or 35 mm2 rigid cable
On DIN rail
Residual current device
Compliance with standards
Making and breaking capacity, rated
residual current (I∆m=Im)
Breaking capacity in association with
protection device
Tripping time
Short-circuit current withstand
(I∆c = Inc)
Number of cycles (O-C)
Fixed sensitivity releases for all ratings
Test button min operating voltage
IEC 61008, EN 61008
630 A
10.000 A (gL 63 A)
I∆n : ∆300 ms
5I∆n : ∆ 40 ms
See coordination table of circuit-breaker or fuse
with A type REDtest
Mechanical: 1,000
Instantaneous release
195 V
Autotest and recloser technical data
Autotest
Automatic test
Max duration of Autotest cycle
Recloser
Max duration of a restart cycle
Number of restart operations
Maximum number of consecutive
restart attempts (if no earth fault)
Min interval between 2 closings
Insulation fault presence monitoring
Restart in event of transient insulation
fault
Stopping restart cycle if insulation fault
present
Yes, without power supply breaking
< 5 minutes
90 s
15/hour
3
180 s
Yes
Yes
Yes
Indication
REDtest status indication
42
Mechanical:
by O-l (open-closed) 2-position lever
Electrical: by 2 indicator lights on the front panel:
left: red/yellow LED
right: green LED
Remote: by 1 built-in auxiliary contact
REDtest 25...40 A, A type
30 mA
Description (cont.)
Auxiliary contact technical data
Voltage rating (Ue)
Insulation voltage (Ui)
Current rating (ln)
12...230 V AC
600 V
Min: 0.6 mA
Max: 100 mA, power factor = 1
Configurable : intermittent 1 Hz or NO
Flexible or rigid cable: max 2.5 mm2
Type
Connection by tunnel terminal
Catalogue numbers
Type
Voltage
Rating
(V AC)
(A)
REDtest residual current devices
230
25
2P
40
Sensitivity
(mA)
Width in
Cat. no.
mod. of 9 mm
30
30
10
10
18280
18281
6
Coordination table, max short-circuit current (kA rms)
Multi 9 circuit-breaker, fuse / A type REDtest coordination
Multi 9 circuit-breakers
C32 K60 DT40 DT40N
REDtest A type
Network 25 A 4.5
230 V
40 A 4.5
L/N
6
6
6
6
6
6
C60
C120
NG125
Fuse
gL 63
6
6
10
10
10
10
6
6
Operation
DB109806
The REDtest carries out automatic testing of earth leakage protection every seven
days.
The test consists in opening and reclosing the RCD, during which time continuity of
supply of the downstream installation is guaranteed.
The built-in automatic recloser, automatically recloses the residual current device,
after checking insulation of the downstream circuit. If the circuit is faulty, then RCD
reclosing is prohibited.
Fig 1.
Fig 2.
Residual current device
The REDtest operates in the residual current device mode, without automatic restart,
when the sliding cover is open, i.e. to the right in the Auto Off position (Fig. 1).
The automatic restart mode and the Autotest are activated, when the sliding cover
is closed, i.e. to the left in the Auto On position (Fig. 2).
Manual test and Autotest
There are two ways of testing earth leakage protection of the REDtest:
bmanual test: this is only possible in manual mode, i.e. sliding cover open in the
Auto Off position. You can then manually test the device by pressing the Test key.
The downstream installation is then temporarily broken. You must then manually
reclose the REDtest, by activating the O-l lever to power supply the downstream
circuit.
bAutotest: after checking installation insulation, the REDtest monitors its residual
current device, without breaking the downstream power supply (bypass by bypass
contact). If the test is satisfactory, the right LED moves to green, while the left LED
remains OFF. If the system is faulty, the left LED moves to yellow and the faulty
device must be replaced.
43
REDtest 25...40 A, A type
30 mA
Operation (cont.)
Autotest
Operating diagram for an Autotest cycle:
FAULT
Y
Autotest
Closing
bypass
circuit OK
No
Yes
FAULT
Y
?
Initialisation
of RCD test
G
LEDs :
OFF
RCD
tripping
OK
No
Yes
7 days
3 min
No
2nd reclosing
attempt
R
Restarting
the
recloser cycle
(See recloser next page)
FAULT
G
R
Y
Yes
RCD
reclosing
OK
No
?
Yes
F = 1 Hz
?
R
?
R
G
Y
3 min
G
Tripping
bypass
circuit
No
Yes
OK
END
?
G
Operating and indicating diagram of an Autotest cycle:
Faulty residual current device
(no device tripping during the test)
Healthy residual current device
Bypass contactor
Power contact
Test phase
Residual current device test
Operating spring loading
Right LED (voltage presence)
Left LED (operating status)
Flashing
Auxiliary contact
44
Sliding cover
opening
Fault detection
and blocking
Cycle start
Restart
Restart
cycle start
Cycle start
Downstream voltage
REDtest 25...40 A, A type
30 mA
Operation (cont.)
Recloser
Operating diagram of the recloser:
ON
+
LEDs :
No
OFF
OFF
FAULT
Yes
CLACK
F = 1 Hz
?
R
OFF
R
G
CHECK
FAULT
R
R
6
3 min
FAULT
Yes
?
FAULT
No
No
RCD
reclosing
OK
? No
R
3rd reclosing
attempt
? Yes
Yes
OK
END
G
Operating and indicating diagram of a restart cycle:
Faulty installation
Healthy installation
Bypass contactor
Power contact
Monitoring phase
Installation test
Operating spring loading
Flashing
Right LED (voltage presence)
Left LED (operating status)
Auxiliary contact
Sliding cover
opening
Fault detection
and blocking
Fault
Restart
Restart
cycle start
Nuisance tripping
Downstream voltage
45
REDtest 25...40 A, A type
30 mA
Operation (cont.)
Remote indication
The auxiliary contact is activated in event of blocking on a residual current fault
and/or in event of failure of the Autotest function. It can be configured according to
3 possibilities:
bmode 1: 1 intermittent contact, F = 1 Hz for a bell...
bmode 2: 1 NO contact for an indicator light…
bmode 3: not used.
Dimensions
46
6
47
Catalogue
Numbers
6.6. Selection guide Vigirex
Protection relays (2)
RH10
RH21
Functions
b
b
b
b
-
-
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
-
-
Fault (I∆n)
1 fixed instantaneous threshold
choose from 0.03 A to 1 A
2 user-selectable thresholds
0.03 A or 0.3 A
Alarm
-
-
Pre-alarm
-
-
Fault
Instantaneous
Instantaneous for I∆n = 0.03 A
1 user-selectable time delay
instantaneous or 0.06 s for I∆n = 0.3 A
Alarm
-
-
Pre-alarm
-
-
b
b
b
b
-
-
b
b
b
b
b
b
-
-
-
-
b
b
b
b
Protection
Local indications
Remote indications (hard-wired)
Remote indications (via communication)
Display of measurements
Wiring
Optimum continuity of service
Optimum safety (failsafe)
Mounting
DIN rail
Front-panel mount
Rated operational voltage
1 DC voltage range from 12 to 48 V
1 DC voltage range from 24 to 130 V and AC 48 V
6 AC voltage ranges from 12 to 525 V
4 AC voltage ranges from 48 to 415 V
Thresholds
Time delays
Display and indications
Voltage presence (LED and/or relay) (6)
Threshold overrun
fault (LED)
alarm (LED and relay)
pre-alarm (LED and relay)
Leakage current (digital)
Settings (digital)
Test with or without actuation of output contacts
Local
Remote (hard-wired)
Remote (hard-wired for several relays)
Remote (via communication)
Communication
Suitable for supervision (internal bus)
Sensors
Merlin Gerin A, OA, E toroids (7)
up to 630 A
Merlin Gerin rectangular sensors up to 3200 A
(1) Type A relay up to I∆n = 5 A.
(2) Relay with output contact requiring local, manual reset after fault clearance.
(3) Relay with output contact that automatically resets after fault clearance.
48
(4) Mandatory with an RMH (multiplexing for the 12 toroids).
(5) Mandatory with an RM12T (multiplexing for the 12 toroids).
DB107091
DB107089
DB107092
DB107087
All Vigirex products are type A (1) devices, also covering the
requirements of type AC devices.
Selection guide (cont.)
Monitoring relays (3)
RH99
RH197P
RHUs or RHU RH99
RMH
b
b
059484R_A
PB100432-20
PB100429-18
DB107093
DB107086
DB107090
DB10788
(4)
+
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b (8)
b except RHUs
b
-
b
b
b
b
b
b
-
-
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
-
220 to 240 V AC
19 user-selectable 1 adjustable
thresholds
threshold
from 0.03 A to 30 A from 0.03 A to 30 A
1 adjustable
Fixed: 50 % I∆n
threshold
from 0.015 A to 30 A
-
-
-
9 user-selectable thresholds
from 0.03 A to 30 A
1 adjustable threshold/channel
from 0.03 A to 30 A
-
1 adjustable threshold/channel
from 0.015 A to 30 A
-
9 user-selectable time delays
instantaneous to 4.5 s
1 adjustable threshold/channel
instantaneous to 5 s
-
-
1 adjustable
threshold
instantaneous to
4.5 s
1 adjustable
threshold
instantaneous to
4.5 s
-
-
-
7 user-selectable
time delays
instantaneous to
4.5 s
instantaneous
-
1 adjustable threshold/channel
instantaneous to 5 s
b
b
b (9)
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
on bargraph
-
b
b
-
b
b
b
b
-
b
9 user-selectable thresholds
from 0.03 A to 30 A
-
-
9 user-selectable time delays
instantaneous to 4.5 s
-
b
b
b
b
b
b 12 measurement channels (5)
6
(10)
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
-
-
b except RHUs
-
b
-
-
b except RHUs
-
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
(6) Depending on the type of wiring (optimum continuity of service
or optimum safety).
(7) See characteristics page 433E2400_Ver3.0.fm/10.
b
(8) On a bargraph
(9) No voltage presence relay.
(10) With actuation of contacts only.
49
Catalogue numbers
Vigirex protection relays
RH10 with local manual fault reset
RH10P
E89644
RH10M
LV y 1000 V
E89643
System to be protected
GERIN
RLIN
MEirex
Vig
0P
RH1
1A/inst
Test
Reset
DIN-rail mount.
Front-panel mount.
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
56100
56110
56120
56130
56140
56150
56200
56210
56220
56230
56240
56250
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
56101
56111
56121
56131
56141
56151
56201
56211
56221
56231
56241
56251
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
56102
56112
56122
56132
56142
56152
56202
56212
56222
56232
56242
56252
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
56103
56113
56123
56133
56143
56153
56203
56213
56223
56233
56243
56253
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
56104
56114
56124
56134
56144
56154
56204
56214
56224
56234
56244
56254
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
56105
56115
56125
56135
56145
56155
56205
56215
56225
56235
56245
56255
56106
56116
56126
56136
56146
56156
56206
56216
56226
56236
56246
56256
Sensitivity 0.03 A - instantaneous
Power supply
12 to 24 V AC -12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
Sensitivity 0.05 A - instantaneous
Power supply
Sensitivity 0.1 A - instantaneous
Power supply
Sensitivity 0.15 A - instantaneous
Power supply
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
Sensitivity 0.25 A - instantaneous
Power supply
Sensitivity 0.3 A - instantaneous
Power supply
Sensitivity 0.5 A - instantaneous
Power supply
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
Sensitivity 1 A - instantaneous
Power supply
50
no trip
Test
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
56107
56117
56127
56137
56147
56157
56207
56217
56227
56237
56247
56257
RH21 with local manual fault reset
RH21P
E89650
RH21M
LV y 1000 V
E89649
System to be protected
DIN-rail mount.
Front-panel mount.
56160
56161
56162
56163
56164
56165
56260
56261
56262
56263
56264
56265
RH99M
RH99P
Sensitivity 0.03 A - instantaneous
Sensitivity 0.3 A - instantaneous or with 0.06 s time delay
Power supply
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
E89645
LV y 1000 V
E89646
RH99 with local manual fault reset
System to be protected
DIN-rail mount.
Front-panel mount.
56170
56171
56172
56173
56174
56175
56270
56271
56272
56273
56274
56275
6
Sensitivity 0.03 A to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 4.5 s time delay
Power supply
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
RH197P with local manual or automatic fault reset (1)
RH197P
LV y 1000 V
on
Fault
50%
P
RH197
DB100864
System to be protected
40%
30%
20%
.075
.1 .15
.2
.05
.3
.25
.5 1
.15
2.5
5
0
.03
x1
IEC
60947-2
/M
Test
Reset
Alarm: 50 % of fault threshold - instantaneous
Fault: sensitivity 30 mA to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 4.5 s time delay
Single-phase power supply
48 V AC - 24 to 130 V DC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
56505
56506
56507
56508
51
Catalogue numbers
Vigirex protection relays or
monitoring relays
Residual-current protection relays
RHUs with local manual fault reset
System to be protected
RHUs
LV y 1000 V
RIN
IN GE
MERL
alarm
fault
Vigirex
RHU
mA
A
l
I
%(I Ðn)
ma x
m
I alar
m (s)
t alar
IÐn
Ðt (s)
Mo dif
"on"
"off"
= trip
trip
= no
Test
Reset
Alarm: sensitivity 15 mA to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 4.5 s time delay
Fault: sensitivity 30 mA to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 4.5 s time delay
Single-phase power supply
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
28576
28575
28573
28574
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
RHU with local manual fault reset (communicating)
System to be protected
RHU
LV y 1000 V
RIN
IN GE
MERL
alarm
fault
Vigirex
RHU
mA
A
l
I
%(I Ðn)
ma x
m
I alar
m (s)
t alar
IÐn
Ðt (s)
Mo dif
"on"
"off"
= trip
trip
= no
Test
Reset
Alarm: sensitivity 15 mA to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 4.5 s time delay
Fault: sensitivity 30 mA to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 4.5 s time delay
Single-phase power supply
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
28570
28569
28560
28568
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
Monitoring relays
RH99 with automatic fault reset
RH99P
E89646
RH99M
LV y 1000 V
E89645
System to be protected
DIN-rail mount.
Front-panel mount.
56190
56191
56192
56193
56194
56195
56290
56291
56292
56293
56294
56295
RM12T
RMH
Sensitivity 0.03 A - instantaneous
Sensitivity 0.1 A to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 s to 4.5 s time delay
Power supply
12 to 24 V AC - 12 to 48 V DC
48 V AC
110 to 130 V AC
220 to 240 V AC
380 to 415 V AC
440 to 525 V AC
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60/400 Hz
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
E89648
LV y 1000 V
DIN-rail mount.
Front-panel mount.
28566
28563
Pre-Alarm: sensitivity 15 mA to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 5 s time delay
Alarm: sensitivity 30 mA to 30 A - instantaneous or with 0 to 5 s time delay
Single-phase power supply
52
220 to 240 V AC
50/60/400 Hz
E89647
RMH and multiplexer RM12T (communicating)
System to be monitored
Catalogue numbers
Toroids and rectangular sensors
Sensors
Closed toroids, A-type
E89652
Type
DB107032
Accessory for closed toroids
Magnetic ring
TA30
PA50
IA80
MA120
SA200
GA300
Ie (A)
rated operational current
65
85
160
250
400
630
Inside diameter (mm)
30
50
80
120
200
300
50437
50438
50439
50440
50441
50442
56055
56056
56057
56058
For TA30 toroid
For PA50 toroid
For IA80 toroid
For MA120 toroid
Split toroids, OA-type
E89653
Type
POA
GOA
Ie (A)
Inside diameter (mm)
rated operational current
85
46
250
110
50485
50486
6
E92232
Rectangular sensors
Inside dimensions (mm)
280 x 115
470 x 160
Ie (A)
1600
3200
56053
56054
Note: sensor-relay link: twisted cable not supplied (see “Installation and connection” chapter).
53
Dimensions
RH10M, RH21M and RH99M relays
E90226
Mounting on a DIN rail
Mounting on a mounting plate
E90229
DB106966
Plate drilling layout
Door cutout
E90232
Mounting on a mounting plate
E90231
Mounting on a DIN rail
(1) For IP4 requirements.
54
Dimensions (cont.)
RH10P, RH21P, RH99P, RH197P,
RHUs, RHU, RMH and RM12T relays
Front-panel mount relays (cutout complying with standard DIN 43700)
RH10P, RH21P and RH99P
DB101729
E90234
DB101728
RH197P
Door cutout
6
E90235
E90240
RHUs, RHU and RMH
DIN rail mounting only
RM12T
E90239
E90237
Door cutout
(1) For IP4 requirements.
55
Dimensions (cont.)
­A-type closed toroids
TA30 and PA50 toroids
E90290
Secured to the back of the
relay
Type
TA30
PA50
ØA
30
50
B
31
45
C
60
88
D
53
66
E
82
108
F
59
86
G
20
H
13
14
J
97
98
K
50
60
ØA
80
120
196
B
122
164
256
C
44
44
46
D
150
190
274
E
80
80
120
F
55
55
90
G
40
40
60
H
126
166
254
J
65
65
104
K
35
35
37
IA80, MA120 and SA200 toroids
SA200
E95331
IA80 and MA120
Type
IA80
MA120
SA200
GA300 toroid
Type
GA300
56
ØA
299
B
29
C
344
Dimensions (cont.)
OA split totoids and
rectangular sensors
E33902
POA and GOA toroids
Type
POA
GOA
Dimensions (mm)
ØA
ØB
C
46
148
57
110
224
92
D
57
76
E
22
16
F
38
44
Tightening torque (N.m/Ib-in)
T1
T2
T3
7/0.79
3/0.34
3/0.34
7/0.79
3/0.34
3/0.34
6
Rectangular sensors
E90300
Frame 280 x 115 mm
E90301
Frame 470 x 160 mm
57
7. Voltage surge types
DB108729
What is a voltage surge ?
A voltage surge is a voltage impulse or wave which is superposed on the rated
network voltage (fig. 1).
Fig. 2 - Main overvoltage characteristics.
Fig. 1 - Voltage surge examples.
This type of voltage surge is characterised by (fig. 2):
bthe rise time (tf) measured in µs
bthe gradient S measured in kA/µs.
These two parameters disturb equipment and cause electromagnetic radiation.
Furthermore, the duration of the voltage surge (T) causes a surge of energy in the
electrical circuits which is likely to destroy the equipment.
The four voltage surge types
There are four types of voltage surge which may disturb electrical installations and
loads:
batmospheric voltage surges
boperating voltage surges
btransient industrial frequency voltage surges
bvoltage surges caused by electrostatic discharge.
Atmospheric voltage surges
b
conducted voltage surges are caused by a stroke of lightning falling on or near an
overhead power line (electricity or telephone). The current impulses generated
are propagated right up to the house (fig. 3).
Fig. 3 - Conducted voltage surges.
They are gradually damped as they pass through the lines and the MV 75 or 22 kV
protective spark-gaps or surge arresters, the transformers that they meet as they
travel. One part of the wave, however, travels as far as sensitive loads.
b induced or radiated voltage surges
An indirect stroke of lightning which falls anywhere on the ground is equivalent to a
very long antenna which radiates an electromagnetic field.
The steeper the current rise front (50 to 100 kA/µs), the greater the radiation. The
effects are felt several hundred metres, if not kilometres away.
58
Different voltage surge types (cont.)
Consequences
b
field to cable coupling: the electromagnetic field will couple with any cable
encountered and generate common mode and/or differential mode voltage
surges. These voltage surges are then propagated by conduction (fig. 4).
DB10888
Voltage surges and
their protection devices
Fig. 4 - Field to cable coupling.
b field to cable coupling:
v inductive crosstalk: in the same way, the voltage surge current circulating in a
cable generates in its turn an electromagnetic field whose electromagnetic H
component induces a voltage surge in any cable which forms a loop.
This is called inductive crosstalk.
v capacitive crosstalk.
In the same way, the electromagnetic field which is formed when a voltage surge
occurs induces a voltage surge on neighbouring cables owing to interference
capacitance between the cables.
This phenomenon is especially encountered in cable paths or chutes. It may
produce harmful effects when a high power cable is placed near low current
cables
v induction in the frame loops (fig. 5).
A signal cable galvanically links a microcomputer to its printer. Each device is
earthed by a feeder which uses a different path from that of the signal cable.
The resulting overvoltage is proportional to the surface thus formed by the two
cables. For example, for a surface area of 300 m2 and a stroke of lightning of
100 kA/µs falling 400 metres away, the voltage surge induced in common mode on
the signal link will be roughly 15 kV !...
Fig. 5 - Frame loop.
59
7
Voltage surge types (cont.)
brise in earthing connector potential (fig. 6)
A stroke of lightning which hits the ground causes a lightning current which is
propagated in the ground according to a law depending on the type of ground and
earthing connector. A voltage surge occurs between 2 points on the ground,
causing a potential difference of 500 V between the legs of an animal 1 metre apart,
over
100 m away from the impact. Similarly, for an average current of 30 kA and an
excellent earthing connector of 2 W, the rise in frame potential will be 60 kV in
relation to the network according to the law of Ohm. The rise in equipment potential
occurs independently of the network which may be overhead or underground.
Fig. 6 - Rise in earth potential.
Operating voltage surges
A sudden change in the established operating conditions in an electrical network
causes transient phenomena to occur. These are generally high frequency or
damped oscillation voltage surge waves (fig. 1 page 6).
They are said to have a slow front: their frequency varies from several dozen to
several hundred kilohertz.
Operating voltage surges may be created by:
b
voltage surges from disconnection devices due to the opening of protection
devices (fuse, circuit-breaker), and the opening or closing of control devices
(relays, contactors, etc.)
bvoltage surges from inductive circuits due to motors starting and stopping,
or the opening of transformers such as MV/LV substations
bvoltage surges from capacitive circuits due to the connection of capacitor banks
to the network
ball devices that contain a coil, a capacitor or a transformer at the power supply inlet:
relays, contactors, television sets, printers, computers, electric ovens, filters, etc.
60
Voltage surge types (cont.)
Transient industrial frequency voltage surges (fig. 7)
These voltage surges have the same frequencies as the network (50, 60 or 400 Hz):
b
voltage surges caused by phase/frame or phase/earth insulating faults on a
network with an insulated or impedant neutral, or by the breakdown of the neutral
conductor. When this happens, single phase devices will be supplied in 400 V
instead of 230 V, or in a medium voltage: Us x e = Us x 1.7
bvoltage surges due to a cable breakdown. For example, a medium voltage cable
which falls on a low voltage line
bthe arcing of a high or medium voltage protective spark-gap causes a rise in earth
potential during the action of the protection devices. These protection devices
follow automatic switching cycles which will recreate a fault if it persists.
Fig. 7 - Transient industrial frequency voltage surge.
Voltage surges caused by electrical discharge
In a dry environment, electrical charges accumulate and create a very strong
electrostatic field. For example, a person walking on carpet with insulating soles will
become electrically charged to a voltage of several kilovolts. If the person walks
close to a conductive structure, he will give off an electrical discharge of several
amperes in a very short rise time of a few nanoseconds. If the structure contains
sensitive electronics, a computer for example, its components or circuit boards may
be destroyed.
61
7
Different propagation modes
Common mode
Common mode voltage surges occur between the live parts and the earth:
phase/earth or neutral/earth (fig. 1).
They are especially dangerous for devices whose frame is earthed due to the risk of
dielectric breakdown.
Differential mode
Fig. 1 - Common mode.
Differential mode voltage surges circulate between phase/phase or phase/neutral
live conductors (fig. 2). They are especially dangerous for electronic equipment,
sensitive computer equipment, etc.
The table below sums up the main characteristics of voltage surges
Fig. 2 - Dfferential mode.
Summary
Three points must be kept in mind:
b a direct or indirect lightning stroke may have
destructive consequences on electrical
installations several kilometres away from
where it falls
b industrial or operating voltage surges also
cause considerable damage
b the fact that a site installation is
underground in no way protects it although
it does limit the risk of a direct strike.
62
Type of voltage surge
Voltage surge
coefficient
Duration
Front gradient
or frequency
Industrial frequency
(insulation fault)
y 1.7
Long
30 to 1000 ms
Industrial frequency
(50-60-400 Hz)
Operating and
electrostatic discharge
2 to 4
Short
1 to 100 ms
Average
1 to 200 kHz
Atmospheric
>4
Very short
Very high
8. Lightning risk
DB110866
A few figures
Between 2,000 and 5,000 storms are constantly forming around the earth. These
storms are accompanied by lightning which constitutes a serious risk for both
people and equipment. Strokes of lightning hit the ground at a rate of 30 to 100
strokes per second. Every year, the earth is struck by about 3 billion strokes of
lightning.
Throughout the world, every year, thousands of people are struck by lightning and
countless animals are killed.
Lightning also causes a large number of fires, most of which break out on farms
(destroying buildings or putting them out of use).
Lightning also affects transformers, electricity meters, household appliances, and
all electrical and electronic installations in the residential sector and in industry.
Tall buildings are the ones most often struck by lightning.
The cost of repairing damage caused by lightning is very high.
It is difficult to evaluate the consequences of disturbance caused to computer or
telecommunications networks, faults in PLC cycles and faults in regulation systems.
Furthermore, the losses caused by a machine being put out of use can have
financial consequences rising above the cost of the equipment destroyed by the
lightning.
Storm formation
DB110867
Fig. 1 - Cumulo-nimbus.
The storm cloud is generally of the cumulo-nimbus type. It is characterised by its anvil
shape and the dark colour of its base (fig. 1). It constitutes a gigantic heat machine
with a base at an altitude of roughly 2 km and an apex at an altitude of 14 km.
Electrical development of a storm cloud
During summer storms, the process starts by hot air rising from the ground. As it
rises, it collects water droplets until it becomes a cloud (fig. 2).
8
Fig. 2 - Cloud formation.
63
DB110884
Lightning risk (cont.)
Beginning of the electrification mechanism
These water droplets are then separated by violent rising and falling air currents.
As they rise, the droplets are transformed into ice crystals. The water and ice
particles then collide with each other, thus creating positive and negative electrical
charges
(fig. 3).
Fig. 3 - Beginning of the electrification mechanisms.
DB110869
Beginning of the active phase
Next, the charges of opposite signs separate. The positive charges made up of ice
crystals stay in the higher part of the cloud while the negative charges made up
of water droplets remain in the base. A small quantity of positive charges remain
in the base of the cloud. Lightning begins to develop inside the storm cloud.
This is the development phase (fig. 4).
Fig. 4 - Development: beginning of the active phase, lightning
inside the cloud, strong anabatic winds.
DB110869
Maturity of the active phase
This cloud forms an enormous capacitor with the ground. In the half hour following
the first lightning formed within the cloud, flashes of lightning begin to form between
the cloud and the ground. They are called strokes of lightning. The first rain appears.
This is the mature phase (fig. 5).
Fig. 5 - Maturity: intense activity within the cloud, maximum
vertical development, strong convective activity.
End of the active phase
Next, the cloud gradually becomes less active while the ground lightning increases.
It is accompanied by heavy rains, sleet and strong gusts of wind: this is the phase
where the cloud, which contains several hundreds of thousands of tonnes of water,
bursts (fig. 6).
Fig. 6 - Cloud burst: decrease in activity inside the cloud,
occurrence of violent phenomena on the ground: strokes of
lightning, heavy rains, sleet, strong gusts of wind.
64
Lightning strike phenomenon
The electric field strength
DB110885
When the weather is fine, the natural electric field strength on the ground is
approximately 120 V/m. When an electrically charged cloud arrives, it can rise to
over 15 kV/m (fig. 7).
The electric field strength is increased by protrusions in the landscape (hills, trees,
houses). These create a peak effect which amplifies the electric field strength to up
to 300 times its usual value in a given place (fig. 8).
This phenomenon is called the Corona effect. It encourages a stroke of lightning to
appear in such places.
This phenomenon was observed as early as Ancient times on the end of spears or
pointed objects. Sailors call it Saint Elmo's fire; it appears at the top of boat masts.
Mountaineers know that the appearance of a glow at the end of their ice axe,
accompanied by a humming noise like a swarm of bees, heralds the risk of
lightning.
Lightning stroke classification (according to K. Berger)
DB108728
Fig. 7 - The electric field strength on the ground.
Lightning strokes are classified according to the way in which they develop, and the
positive or negative part of the cloud which is discharged (fig. 9).
On flat ground, lightning striking from the cloud is the most usual.
In the mountains, or in the presence of large protruding objects (high tower or
factory chimney), ascending lightning strokes may develop. These are the most
dangerous, especially the positive type.
In temperate regions, such as Europe, 90 % of lightning strokes are of the negative
descending type.
Fig. 9 - Classification of lightning strokes (K. Berger).
Fig. 8 - Electric field strength amplified by a protrusion in
the landscape.
The discharge principle
Let us take the example of a negative descending stroke (fig. 10).
1. The stroke of lightning begins with a leader which develops from the cloud and
moves by successive 30 to 50 m steps towards the ground. The leader is made up
of electrical particles drawn from the cloud by the cloud-ground electrical field
strength. These particles form a luminous channel directed to ground.
2. This encourages the formation of an ionised channel which will then branch out.
Once it reaches roughly 300 m from the ground, discharges (or sparks) leave the
ground and one of them enters into contact with the tip (leader point).
3. An extremely luminous electrical arc then appears. This causes thunder and
helps the exchange of charges between the cloud-ground capacitor.
4. A succession of decreasingly intense arcs, called subsequent arcs, then follows.
Between these arcs, there is a continuous leader which makes a current of roughly
200 A, supplying the discharge of a large part of the capacitor charges.
Fig. 10 - Negative
descending stroke
principle.
65
8
Lightning strike phenomenon
(cont.)
Summary
Lightning comes from the discharge of
electrical charges accumulated in the
cumulo-nimbus clouds which form a
capacitor with the ground.
Storm phenomena cause serious damage.
Lightning is a high frequency electrical
phenomenon which produces voltage
surges on all conductive elements, and
especially on electrical loads and wires.
Characteristics of discharge of lightning
Beyond peak
probability
Current peak
Gradient
Total duration
Number of
discharges
P (%)
I (kA)
S (kA/µs)
T (s)
n
95
7
9.1
0.001
1
50
33
24
0.01
2
5
85
65
1.1
6
This table shows the values given by the lighting protection committee (technical
committee 81 of the I.E.C.). As can be seen, 50 % of lightning strokes are of a force
greater than 33 kA and 5 % are greater than 85 kA. The energy forces involved are
thus very high.
It is important to define the probability of adequate protection when protecting a
site.
Furthermore, a lightning current is a high frequency (HF) impulse current reaching
roughly a megahertz.
The effects of lightning
A lightning current is therefore a high frequency electrical current. As well as
considerable induction and voltage surge effects, it causes the same effects as any
other low frequency current on a conductor:
b thermal effects: fusion at the lightning impact points and joule effect, due to the
circulation of the current, causing fires
b electrodynamic effects: when the lightning currents circulate in parallel
conductors, they provoke attraction or repulsion forces between the wires,
causing breaks or mechanical deformations (crushed or flattened wires)
b combustion effects: lightning can cause the air to expand and create
overpressure which stretches over a distance of a dozen or so metres. A blast
effect breaks windows or partitions and can project animals or people several
metres away from their original position. This shock wave is at the same time
transformed into a sound wave: thunder.
b voltage surges conducted after an impact on overhead electrical or telephone
power lines.
b voltage surges induced by the electromagnetic radiation effect of the lightning
channel which acts as an antenna over several kilometres and is crossed by a
considerable impulse current.
b the elevation of the earth potential by the circulation of the lightning current in the
ground. This explains indirect strokes of lightning by pace voltage and the
breakdown of equipment.
66
9. Overvoltage ­protection devices
Two major types of protection devices are used to suppress or limit voltage surges:
they are referred to as primary protection devices and secondary protection
devices.
Primary protection devices
(protection of external installations against
lightning: IEPF)
The purpose of primary protection devices is to protect installations against direct
strokes of lightning. They catch and run the lightning current into the ground. The
principle is based on a protection area determined by a structure which is higher
than the rest.
The same applies to any peak effect produced by a pole, building or very high
metallic structure.
There are three types of primary protection:
blightning conductors, which are the oldest and best known lightning protection
device
btaut wires
bthe meshed cage or Faraday cage.
DB110881
The lightning conductor
9
Fig. 1 - Example of IEPF protection using a lightning conductor.
The lightning conductor is a tapered rod placed on top of the building. It is earthed
by one or more conductors (often copper strips) (fig. 1).
The design and installation of a lightning conductor is the job of a specialist.
Attention must be paid to the copper strip paths, the test clamps, the crow-foot
earthing to help high frequency lightning currents run to the ground, and the
distances in relation to the wiring system (gas, water, etc.).
Furthermore, the flow of the lightning current to the ground will induce voltage
surges, by electromagnetic radiation, in the electrical circuits and buildings to be
protected. These may reach several dozen kilovolts. It is therefore necessary to
symmetrically split the down conductor currents in two, four or more, in order to
minimise electromagnetic effects.
67
Overvoltage ­protection devices
(cont.)
Taut wires
These wires are stretched over the structure to be protected (fig. 2). They are used
for special structures: rocket launch pads, military applications and lightning
protection cables for overhead high voltage power lines (fig. 3).
Fig. 2 - Example of IEPF protection using
the taut wire lightning conductor method.
The meshed cage (Faraday cage)
DB110893
DB110892
Summary
Primary lightning conductor protection
devices (IEPF) such as a meshed cage or
taut wires are used to protect against direct
strokes of lighting.These protection devices
do not prevent destructive secondary
effects on equipment from occurring. For
example, rises in earth potential and
electromagnetic induction which are due to
currents flowing to the earth. To reduce
secondary effects,
LV surge arresters must be added on
telephone and electrical power networks.
Fig. 3 - Lightning protection ropes.
BD110881
This principle is used for very sensitive buildings housing computer or integrated
circuit production equipment. It consists in symmetrically multiplying the number of
down strips outside the building. Horizontal links are added if the building is high;
for example every two floors (fig. 4). The down conductors are earthed by frog's foot
earthing connections. The result is a series of interconnected 15 x 15 m or
10 x 10 m meshes. This produces better equipotential bonding of the building and
splits lightning currents, thus greatly reducing electromagnetic fields and induction.
Fig. 4 - Example of IEPF protection using
the meshed cage (Faraday cage) principle.
68
Overvoltage ­protection devices
(cont.)
Secondary protection devices
Summary
All of these serial protection devices are
specific to a device or application. They
must be sized in accordance with the power
rating of the installation to be protected.
Most of them require the additional
protection of a surge arrester.
(protection of internal installations against lightning: IIPF)
These handle the effects of atmospheric, operating or industrial frequency voltage
surges. They can be classified according to the way they are connected in an
installation: serial or parallel protection.
Serial protection device
DB108734
This is connected in series to the power supply wires of the system to be protected
(fig. 5).
Fig. 5 - Serial protection principle.
Transformers
Reduce voltage surges by inductor effect and make certain harmonics disappear by
coupling. This protection is not very effective.
Filters
Based on components such as resistors, inductance coils and capacitors are
suitable for voltage surges caused by industrial and operation disturbance
corresponding to a clearly defined frequency band. This protection device is not
suitable for atmospheric disturbance.
Wave absorbers
Are essentially made up of air inductance coils which limit the voltage surges, and
surge arresters which absorb the currents. They are extremely suitable for
protecting sensitive electronic and computing equipment. They only act against
voltage surges. They are nonetheless extremely cumbersome and expensive. They
cannot completely replace inverters which protect loads against power cuts.
Network conditioners and static uninterrupted power supplies
(UPS)
These devices are essentially used to protect highly sensitive equipment, such as
computer equipment, which requires a high quality electrical power supply. They
can be used to regulate the voltage and frequency, stop interference and ensure a
continuous electrical power supply even in the event of a mains power cut (for the
UPS). On the other hand, they are not protected against large, atmospheric type
voltage surges against which it is still necessary to use surge arresters.
9
Parallel protection device
The principle
DB108735
The parallel protection device can adapt to the installation to be protected (fig. 6).
It is this type of overvoltage protection device that is used the most often.
69
Overvoltage protection devices
(cont.)
Summary
There are numerous types of secondary
protection devices to be used against
voltage surges. They are classed in two
categories: serial protection and parallel
protection. Serial protection devices are
designed for a very specific need. Whatever
this need, most of the time they are
additional to parallel protection devices.
Parallel protection devices are used the most
often, whatever the installation to be
protected: power supply network, telephone
network, switching network (bus).
Main characteristics
b the rated voltage of the protection device must correspond to the network
voltage at the installation terminals: 230/400 V
b when there is no voltage surge, a leakage current should not go through the
protection device which is on standby
b when a voltage surge above the allowable voltage threshold of the installation
to be protected occurs, the protection device violently conducts the voltage
surge current to the earth by limiting the voltage to the desired protection level
Up (fig. 7).
When the voltage surge disappears, the protection device stops conducting and
returns to standby without a holding current. This is the ideal U/I characteristic
curve:
b the protection device response time (tr) must be as short as possible to protect
the installation as quickly as possible
b the protection device must have the capacity to be able to conduct the energy
caused by the foreseeable voltage surge on the site to be protected
b the surge arrester protection device must be able to withstand at the rated
current In.
DB108716
The products used
DB108736
Fig. 7 - Typical U/l curve of the ideal protection device.
Fig. 8 - Voltage limiter.
70
Voltage limiters
Are used in MV/LV substations at the transformer outlet.
Because they are only used for insulated or impedant neutral layouts, they can run
voltage surges to the earth, especially industrial frequency surges (fig. 8)
LV surge arresters
This term designates very different devices as far as technology and use are
concerned.
Low voltage surge arresters come in the form of modules to be installed inside a LV
switchboard. There are also plug-in types and those that protect power points.
They ensure secondary protection of nearby elements but have a small flow
capacity. Some are even built into loads although they cannot protect against
strong voltage surges
Low current surge arresters or overvoltage protectors
These protect telephone or switching networks against voltage surges from the
outside (lightning), as well as from the inside (polluting equipment, switchgear
switching, etc.).
Low current voltage surge arresters are also installed in distribution boxes or built
into loads.
Overvoltage protection devices
(cont.)
The technologies used in surge arresters
The components
Several components are used to more or less obtain the previously described
characteristics.
Zener diodes
The characteristic curve (fig. 9) is very similar to the ideal curve.
The response time is extremely fast (roughly a picosecond: 10-12 s), for a very
specific threshold voltage (Us). The leakage current is negligible although the zener
diode has the disadvantage of dissipating very low energy. This component is never
placed at the head of the installation but as an ultra terminal protection device in
association with another surge arrester.
The gas discharge tube
This is a gas-filled bulb containing two electrodes. The characteristic curve is
shown in fig. 9. This component was widely used until just recently.
It has the advantage of having a high energy dissipation capacity and a leakage
current which is negligible in time thus reducing ageing by overheating. Its
drawbacks are a long response time, linked to the voltage surge wave front and the
maximum voltage to be reached, which is higher than the threshold voltage, in order
to be able to ionise the gas and start the spark-gap conducting. Finally, when the
voltage disappears at its terminals, the spark-gap remains ionised and a holding
current continues to circulate.
The varistor (in zinc oxide)
Its characteristic curve (fig. 9) is similar to the ideal curve. The response time is low,
roughly a nanosecond (10-9 s). The energy dissipated is high. The holding current is
zero. The drawback is the leakage current which, although low at the beginning,
increases with each voltage surge impulse and ends up overheating the component
which must be disconnected from the installation. An end-of-life lamp indicates
disconnection.
Comparison
The table below sums up the main characteristics of the components used in
parallel protection devices.
Characteristic
Component
Symbol
Leakage
Energy
Residual
Holding current
Response time
Ideal
component
0
High
Low
Zero
Low
Zener
diode
Low
Low
Low
Zero
Low
Gas discharge
tube
0
High
High
Continuous
if not
extinguished
High
Varistor
Low
High
Low
Zero
Low
9
71
Overvoltage protection devices
(cont.)
Surge arrester layouts
Surge arrester make-up
DB108723
DB108737
There are essentially three types of components which make up surge arresters:
zener diode, gas discharge tube, varistor.
b two-way zener diode surge arresters (fig. 10) are used especially as ultra terminal
protection devices for a specific point in the installation, and never for overall
protection due to their low power stability
b surge arresters using gas discharge tubes must be associated with varistors in
order to compensate for their weak points (fig. 11).
Fig. 10 - Two-way zener diode.
Fig. 11 - Typical layout of an improved
gas discharge tube surge arrester.
DB108726
DB108725
Varistor V1, which is in series with the gas discharge tube, extinguishes the spark at
the end of the voltage surge thus avoiding the holding current.
Varistor V2 conducts the voltage surge when it appears. It allows the voltage surge
to be absorbed as soon as it appears and helps the gas discharge tube to later arc
without causing damage to the installation.
This is a relatively complex layout and therefore expensive.
Used alone, the gas discharge tube would cause the circuit protection or residual
current devices to operate because of the holding current
b surge arresters with varistors are currently the best solution as far as the quality/
price ratio is concerned because of their simplicity and reliability (fig. 12 and 13)
Fig. 12 - Single-pole surge
arrester with varistor principle.
72
Fig. 13 - Two-pole surge arrester with
varistor principle.
Overvoltage protection devices
(cont.)
DB110744
b disconnection
One of a disconnecting device (MCB or fuse) upstream the surge arrester (whether
type 1 or type 2, is highly recommended.
Fig. 14 - Typical layout of a surge arrester with its thermal
disconnector.
Indeed, in case of failure of the surge arrester because of a short-circuit, the closest
upstream circuit breaker will trip. Thus shutting down part or even all the installation.
Switching power back on will only be possible when the fault has been found and
when the surge protection edvice has been replaced.
In most cases, this could lead to an unacceptable down time.
b connections
A single-pole surge arrester limits voltage surges between phase and earth or
between neutral and earth in common mode.
It also limits voltage surges between phase and neutral in differential mode.
As many single-pole surge arresters must be added for protection in common mode
as in differential mode (dotted line in diagrams 10, 11 and 13).
The modular surge arrester includes both of these types of protection.
The standard does not stipulate differential mode protection. It is, however, strongly
recommended for surge arresters installed in TT or TN-S layouts.
9
73
EQUIPMENT TO BE PROTECTED
10. PRF1, PRD, PF surge arrester selection guide
common equipment
building equip
Computers,
electrical appliances,
audio-video equipment,
burglar alarm,
etc.
Flat, smal
semi-detached
house
TYPE OF
BUILDING
Detached
house
Common areas
of a building
auto
air
acce
Professional
premises
+
Subdistribution
board
RISK OF THE IMPACT
OF LIGHTNING
TYPE OF
POWER
DISTRIBUTION
Single
switchboard
or
main
switchboard
QUICK
PF
PF40
Combi
PRF1
Combi
PRF1
QUICK
PF
PF40
PF65
Combi
PRF1
Combi
PRF1
QUICK
PF
PF40
Combi
PRF1
Combi
PRF1
PRD20
PRD40
PRD40
Combi PRF
or
PRF1 Maste
PF20
PF40
PF40
Combi PRF1 o
PRF1 Master
+PF40
Choice of disconnectors to be associated with the surge arresters
The choice of a disconnector that is 100% coordinated with the surge arrester ensures complete safety at the
Surge arresters
with integrated disconnector
Other surge arresters: choice of associate
6kA
Quick PF 1P+N
Isc = 6 kA
Combi PRF1 1P+N
Isc = 6 kA
74
Quick PF 3P+N
Isc = 6 kA
Combi PRF1 3P+N
Isc = 6 kA
10kA
PRD8
PF8
C60N 20A
Curve C
C60H 20A
Curve C
PRD20
PF20
C60N 25A
Curve C
C60H 25A
Curve C
PRD40
PF40
C60N 40A
Curve C
C60H 40A
Curve C
PRD65
PF65
C60N 50A
Curve C
C60H 50A
Curve C
PRF1
Master
NS 160N 160A
pment
business equipment
Fire alarm,
omated heating
or
r-conditioning,
lift,
ess control, etc.
F1
er
or
Programmable
machine,
server,
sound or
light control
system, etc.
+
+
Single
switchboard
or main
switchboard
Dedicated
protection,
more than
30 m from a
switchboard
n
heavy equipment
Medical,
production,
or heavy computer
processing
infrastructure,
etc.
+
Subdistribution
board
+
Dedicated
protection,
more than
30 m from a
switchboard
Single
switchboard
or main
switchboard
PRD20
PRD8
PRD40
PRD65
PRD65
Combi PRF1
or
PRF1 Master
PRD20
PRD8
PRD65
PF20
PF8
PF40
PF65
PF65
Combi PRF1 or
PRF1 Master
+PF40
PF20
PF8
PF65
ed disconnector
25kA
36kA
Subdistribution
board
Combi PRF1 Combi PRF1 Combi PRF1
or
or
+ PRD40 PRF1 Master PRF1 Master
Combi PRF1
+PF40
Combi PRF1 or
PRF1 Master
+PF40
Combi PRF1 or
PRF1 Master
+PF40
Dedicated
protection,
more than
30 m from a
switchboard
PRD20
PRD8
PF20
PF8
Protection of telecommunications and
computer equipment
end of life phase of the surge arrester.
15kA
+
70kA
Icc
Lightning can also propagate through
telecommunications and computer networks.
It can damage all the equipment connected to these
networks: telephones, modems, computers, servers, etc.
Choice of PRC and PRI surge arresters
Contact us
PRC
PRI
10
Contact us
Analogue telephone networks <200V
Contact us
Digital networks, analogue lines <48V
n
Digital networks, analogue lines <6V
ELV load supply <48V
n
n
50kA
NS 160H
160A
75
11. Surge arresters
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Choosing surge arresters: 2 examples of use
DB108725
binstalling surge arresters in a structure equipped with a lightning conductor
binstalling surge arresters in a structure not equipped with a lightning conductor.
Installation with lightning conductor
In function of the site’s characteristics
The presence of a lightning conductor on the building or in a 50 m radius can cause
a direct lightning stroke generating a rise in the frame potential and that of the
earthing system. Part of the lightning current rises in the electrical installation
through the rod then the earth bar.
b in order to protect the loads, a high flow capacity Type 1 PRF1 surge arrester (class 1
test) must then be installed at the incomer end of the switchboard that is capable of
arcing and then conducting the lightning current towards a distant earth referenced at
0 V.
b Two technologies are available:
v air gap technology: this is the PRF1 range requiring systematic installation of
another surge arrester (type 2) in cascade, so that the residual voltage at the
terminals of the second surge arrester I max = 40 kA (PRD40, PF40) is compatible with
the impulse withstand voltage of the equipment to be protected (U impulse < 1.5 kV)
v technology with varistor: this is the PRD1 draw-out surge arrester range.
Installation of another surge arrester (type 2) is not required.
b if the loads to be protected are located more than 30 m away from the incoming
protection, a secondary protection surge arrester I max 8 kA (PRD8, PF8) will be
installed as close as possible to the loads
b Type 1 (class 1 test) or Type 2 (class 2 test) surge arresters meet the standard
EN 61-643-11 (IEC 61643-11).
DB107920
Type 1 protection with PRF1
DB107903
Type 1 protection with PRD1
76
Surge arresters
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Installation without lightning conductor
b the following table determines the maximum current of the surge arrester(s) to be
installed according to geographic situation and lightning stroke density of the site
to be protected.
b mount a secondary protection surge arrester Imax: 8 kA if:
v the distance between the incoming surge arrester and loads is u 30 m
v the surge arrester’s voltage Up is too high in regards to the sensitivity of the load
to be protected (Uchoc) (see page 4).
Residential
Geographical location
Lightning flash density (Ng)
Imax (kA) incoming protection
Imax (kA) secondary protection if: Up too high and/or d u 30 m
Urban
y 0.5
10-20
0.5 < Ng < 1.6
10-20
u 1.6
10-20
Rural
y 0.5
10-20
0.5 < Ng < 1.6
40
8
u 1.6
65
8
Tertiary/industrial(1)
Continuity of supply of the operation
Not necessary
Partial
Mandatory
Consequence (financial) of a lightning Low
High
Very high
stroke on equipment to be protected
Lightning flash density (Ng)
y 0.5
0.5 < Ng < 1.6
u 1.6
y 0.5
0.5 < Ng < 1.6
u 1.6
y 0.5
0.5 < Ng < 1.6
Imax (kA) incoming protection
20
20
40
20
40
65
40
65
Imax (kA) secondary protection if:
8
8
8
8
8
Up too high and/or d u 30 m
(1) Since in the tertiary/industrial sector the cost of equipment to be protected is higher, damage due to lightning is more significant
u 1.6
65
8
DB108017
Type 1 protection with PF/PRD
11
77
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
In function of the technical data for loads
b
the surge arrester’s level of protection (Up) depends on the installed equipment
and the rated voltage of the installation
bUp must lie between:
v the full voltage of the permanent operating conditions (Uc)
v the impulse withstand voltage (Uchoc) of the equipment to be protected.
8/20 impulse withstand table for equipment to be protected
General standard: IEC 60364-4.
UC < Up < Uchoc
Rated voltage of the
installation
Threephase networks
400/690/1000 V
230/440 V
Equipment sensitivity withstand (Uchoc)
Reduced
Electronic circuit devices:
televisions, alarms, HiFi, video
recorders, computers
telecommunication
2.5 kV
1.5 kV
Shock wave
category I
Normal
Electrical household
appliances: dishwashers,
ovens refrigerators, protable
tools
4 kV
2.5 kV
Shock wave
category II
High
Industrial devices: motors,
distribution cabinets, current
sockets, transfos.
Very high
Industrial devices: electric
meters, telemeters
6 kV
4 kV
Shock wave
category III
8 kV
6 kV
Shock wave
category IV
Permanent operating full withstand voltage Uc as in the IEC 60364-5-534 standard
Earthing systems
TT
Uc value for common mode
u 1.1 Uo
(protection between live
conductors and earth)
Uc value for differential mode u 1.1 Uo
(protection between phase
and neutral)
Uo: simple network voltage between phase and neutral
Uc: full voltage under permanent operating conditions.
TN-S
TN-C
IT
u 1.1 Uo
u 1.1 Uo
u 1.732 Uo
u 1.1 Uo
u 1.1 Uo
Note: Rated impulse withstand voltage is an impulse withstand voltage assigned by the manufacturer to the equipment or to a part of it, characterizing the
specified capability of its insulation against overvoltages (in accordance with 1.3.9.2 of IEC 60664.1).
78
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Placing several surge arresters in a
cascading configuration
The incoming protection device (P1) is dimensioned to run-off
lightning currents at the source of the installation, 2 cases are
possible:
if there is a level of protection (Up) too high for the impulse
b
withstand voltage (Uchoc) of the installation’s equipment (figure 1):
v a secondary protection surge arrester (P2) placed near loads
is sufficient, to lower the voltage and make it compatible with
the impulse withstand voltage of the equipment to be
protected (see installation constraints section).
b
if sensitive equipment is too far from the incoming protection
device (d u 30 m figure 2):
v a secondary protection surge arrester (P2) placed near loads
suffices, to lower the
voltage and make it compatible with the impulse withstand
voltage of the equipment to be protected (see installation
constraints section).
Up surge arrester < Uchoc switchgear
Example figure 2
E: equipment to be protected
(impulse withstand of 1.5 kV)
P1: incoming protection device
dimensioned with In and Imax that
are sufficient enough to face
lightning currents that may appear
and with a level of protection of
1.8 kV
P2: surge arrester near equipment to
be protected with an adapted level
of protection and which is coordonated with P1
E: equipment to be protected
(impulse withstand of 1.5 kV)
P1: incoming protection device
dimensioned with In and Imax that
are sufficient enough to face
lightning currents that may appear
and with a level of protection of
1.5 kV. This level of 1.5 kV is
acceptable in principle, but the
distance d is too great
P2: surge arrester near equipment to be
protected with an adapted level of
protection and which is coordonated with P1
DB107905
DB107904
Example figure 1
11
79
DB108041
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Choice depending on the earthing system PRF1 and PRD1
offers Type 1 (class 1 test)
Type of surge
arresters
PRF1
Uc = 260 V
Uc = 400 V
Combi PRF1
Uc = 260 V
PRF1 Master
Uc = 440 V
TT
TN-S
TN-C
1P+1N/PE
3 x 1P+1N/
PE
1P+N
3P+N
1P+1N/PE
3 x 1P+1N/
PE
1P+N
3P+N
1P
3x1P
1P+N
3P+N
1P+N
3P+N
2 x 1P
4 x 1P
2 x 1P
4 x 1P
IT
IT nondistributed distributed
neutral
1P
3P
1P+N
3P+N
1P
3P
1P
3 x 1P
2 x 1P
4 x 1P
1P
3 x 1P
PRD1
Uc = 340 V
2P (1)
2P
3P
4P (1)
4P
(1) Utilisable seulement si système différentiel en amont du PRD1.
Choice depending on the earthing system PRD, PF offers
Type 2 (class 2 test)
Type of surge
arresters
PRD
TT
TN-S
TN-C
MC
Uc = 340 V
1P
2P
4P
1P
2P
3P
MC
Uc = 440 V
MC/MD
Uc = 440/340 V
3P
4P
1P+N
3P+N
1P+N
3P+N
1P
2P
4P
1P+N
3P+N
1P+N
3P+N
PF
MC
Uc = 340 V
MC
Uc = 440 V
MC/MD
Uc = 440/340 V
80
IT
1P
2P
3P
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
PRF1 Type 1 surge arrester and
Type 2 surge arrester combination tables
Rappel: use of the air gap technology makes the PRF1 and type 2 surge arrester combination essential.
In two separate switchboards
DB107910
DB107911
In the same switchboard
TT (TN-S)
Type 1
CB
+Type 2 (1)
CB
D125 A 2P
(ref. 18532)
PRD40r 1P
(ref. 16561)
PF40 1P
(ref. 15686)
PRD40r 3P
(ref. 16445)
PF40 3P
(ref. 15582)
1P 40 A
curve C
Uc
1P+N
260 V
3P 40 A
curve C
3P+N
CB
+Type 2
CB
D125 A 2P
(ref. 18532)
D125 A 4P
(ref. 18534)
PRD40r 2P
(ref. 16444)
PRD40r 4P
(ref. 16664)
2P 40 A
curve C
4P 40 A
curve C
CB
+Type 2
CB
D125 A 4P
(ref. 18534)
PRD40r 3P IT
460 V
(ref. 16563)
3P 40 A
curve C
D125 A 4P
(ref. 18534)
TT (TN-S)
Type 1
CB
+Type 2
CB
PRF1 1P 260 V
+ PRF1 50 N/PE
(ref. 16621 +
16623)
3x PRF1 1P 260 V
+ PRF1 100 N/PE
(3x ref. 16621 +
16624)
D125 A 2P
(ref. 18532)
PRD40r 1P+N
(ref. 16562)
PF40 1P+N
(ref. 15687)
PRD40r 3P+N
(ref. 16564)
PF40r 3P+N
(ref. 15690)
2P 40 A
curve C
Type 1
CB
+Type 2
CB
2x PRF1 1P 260 V
(ref. 16621)
4x PRF1 1P 260 V
(ref. 16621)
D125 A 2P
(ref. 18532)
D125 A 4P
(ref. 18534)
PRD40r 2P
(ref. 16444)
PRD40r 4P
(ref. 16664)
2P 40 A
curve C
4P 40 A
curve C
Type 1
CB
+Type 2
CB
PRF1 3P+N 440 V
(ref. 16628)
D125 A 4P
(ref. 18534)
PRD40r 4P IT
(ref. 16597)
4P 40 A
curve C
D125 A 4P
(ref.18534)
4P 40 A
curve C
DB108018
DB108019
Uc
1P+N PRF1 1P 260 V
260 V
+ PRF1 50 N/PE
(ref. 16621 +
16623)
3P+N 3x PRF1 1P 260 V
+ PRF1 100 N/PE
(3x ref. 16621 +
16624)
TN-S
Type 1
Uc
1P+N 2x PRF1 1P 260 V
260 V
(ref. 16621)
3P+N 4x PRF1 1P 260 V
(ref. 16621)
IT (+N)
Type 1
Uc 3P+N PRF1 3P+N 440 V
440
(ref. 16628)
V
TN-S
Uc
1P+N
260 V
3P+N
IT (+N)
Uc 3P+N
440
V
81
11
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
PRF1 Type 1 surge arrester and Type 2 surge
arrester combination tables (cont.)
In two separate switchboards
DB107913
DB107912
In the same switchboard
TN-C
Type 1ref.
CB
+Type 2
CB
Uc
260
V
3x PRF1 1P 260 V
(3x ref. 16621)
D125 A 3P
(ref. 18533)
PRD40r 3P
(ref. 16445)
3P 40 A
curve C
3P
TN-C
Uc
3P
260 V
Type 1
CB
+Type 2
CB
3x PRF1 1P 260 V
(3x ref. 16621)
D125 A 3P
(ref. 18533)
PRD40r 3P
3P 40 A
curve C
Type 1
CB
+Type 2
CB
PRF1 3P 440 V
(ref. 16627)
D125 A 3P
(ref. 18533)
PRD40r 3P IT
3P 40 A
curve C
PF40 3P
(ref. 15582)
IT
Uc
440
V
Type 1
3P
CB
PRF1 3P 440 V (ref. D125 A 3P
(ref. 18533)
16627)
+Type 2
CB
PRD40r 3P IT
3P 40 A
curve C
(ref. 16563)
IT
Uc
3P
440 V
(ref. 16445)
PF40 3P
(ref. 15582)
(ref. 16563)
Combi PRF1 Type 1 surge arrester and Type 2 surge arrester combination table
In two separete switchboards
TT/TN-S
Type 1
CB
Uc
1P+N Combi PRF1 1P+N built-in
260 V
(ref. 16626)
DB108186
3P+N Combi PRF1 3P+N built-in
(ref. 16629)
82
+Type 2
CB
PRD40r 1P+N
(ref. 16562)
PF40 1P+N
(ref. 15687)
PRD40r 3P+N
(ref. 16564)
PF40r 3P+N
(ref. 15690)
2P 40 A
curve C
4P 40 A
curve C
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
PRF1 Type 1 Master surge arrester and Type 2 surge
arrester combination tables
In two separate switchboards
DB107906
DB107908
In the same switchboard
TN-S (TT)/ Type 1
IT (+N)
+Type 2
CB
4x PRF1 Master
1P 440 V
(4x ref. 16630)
NS160
TM160D 4P
(ref. 30650)
PRD40r 4P IT
4P 40 A
curve C
Type 1
CB
+Type 2
CB
3x PRF1 Master
1P 440 V
(3x ref. 16630)
NS160N
TM160D 3P
(ref. 30630)
PRD40r 3P IT
460 V
(ref. 16563)
3P 40 A
curve C
(ref. 16597)
TN-S (TT)/ Type 1
IT (N+)
Uc 3P+N
440
V
CB
+Type 2
CB
4x PRF1 Master
1P 440 V
(4x ref. 16630)
NS160
TM160D 4P
(ref. 30650)
PRD40r 4P IT
4P 40 A
curve C
Type 1
CB
+Type 2
CB
3x PRF1 Master
1P 440 V
(3x ref. 16630)
NS160N
TM160D 3P
(ref. 30630)
PRD40r 3P IT
460 V
(ref. 16563)
3P 40 A
curve C
(ref. 16597)
DB107908
DB107909
Uc 3P+N
440
V
CB
TN-C/IT
Uc
3P
440 V
TN-C/IT
Uc
3P
440 V
83
11
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Type 1 surge arresters (class 1 test)
bPRF1 are dimensioned to conduct direct lightning currents with a 10/350 wave
form
bPRF1 are surge arresters that use “encapsulated air-filled spark gap “ type
technology without arc device
bwhen the lightning current flows in the PRF1 surge arrester, a follow current (If) is
created. If the value of current Ifi is greater than the prospective short-circuit
current at the installation point, the PRF1 surge arrester discharges by itself,
without the help of the associated protective device.
Otherwise, the protective device may trip. An OF indication auxiliary associated with
the protective device should be provided to warn the user that loads are no longer
protected as long as the protective device is not reset (see the “indication” section).
bthe PRF1 Master surge arrester uses an “air spark gap” type technology with
electronic arcing.
Its main feature is its high level of protection and its good capacity to extinguish the
25 kA follow current without tripping the associated disconnection device.
The extinction of the electrical arc is facilitated by sheet-metal elements that divide
the latter into several partial arcs. This technology increases the reliability of the
operation and the availability of the protected installation.
Type 2 surge arresters (class 2 test)
bthese surge arresters use “varistor” type technology or “varistor + gas-filled spark
gap” technology
bthey are dimensioned to conduct indirect lightning currents with an 8/20 wave form.
Choosing the disconnection device
After having chosen the surge arrester(s) needed to protect the installation, the
appropriate disconnection circuit-breaker is to be chosen from the opposite table:
bits breaking capacity must be compatible with the installation’s breaking capacity
beach live conductor must be protected example: a 1P+N surge arrester must be
combined with a 2P disconnection device (2 protected poles).
Type 1 surge arresters
Type of surge arrester
Disconnection device
PRF1
D125 125 A curve D
or fuse NH type gG (gL) 125 A
NS160N TM160D or fuse NH type gG (gL) 160 A
C120
PRF1 Master
PRD1
Type 2 surge arresters
Max. lightning discharge current
Disconnection circuit-breaker
Rating
Curve
65 kA
40 kA
20 kA
8 kA
50 A
40 A
25 A
20 A
C
C
C
C
Coordination between
Type 1 surge arresters (class 1 test) and
Type 2 surge arresters (class 2 test)
To guarantee optimum protection of loads against direct effects (10/350 wave form)
and surges (8/20 wave form), induced or conducted, Type 1 and Type 2 surge
arresters must be installed in cascade.
There are 2 cases:
the Type 1 and Type 2 surge arresters are installed in the same switchboard:
b
v the Type 1 surge arrester with air spark gap technology has the same steady
state voltage (Uc) as the Type 2 surge arrester with varistors
v the Type 1 surge arrester Neutral/PE pole is common to both surge arresters
bthe Type 1 and Type 2 surge arresters are installed in two separate switchboards:
The Type 1 surge arrester has the same steady state voltage (Uc) as the Type 2
surge arrester.
In both cases, each surge arrester is associated with its protective device.
An OF opening indication auxiliary for the protection devices is recommended.
84
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Installation constraints Type 1 surge arrester
DB107956
DB107955
If the distance between the box housing the Type 1 PRF1 surge arrester and the
loads is greater than 30 m, then the Type 2 surge arrester (PF, PE, PRD, STM) must
be assembled as close to the loads as possible.
DB107957
bThe 50 cm rule also applies to the PRF1 surge arrester connection.
11
85
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Installation constraints Type 1 (PRD1) and Type 2
(PF, PRD) surge arrester
The 50 cm rule in the switchboard
DB107958
Connections must be as short as possible. Do not exceed a distance of 50 cm, to
efficiently protect electrical loads.
Co-ordinating 2 surge arresters (the 10 m rule)
DB107959
In the case of an exposed site and the presance of sensitive loads, it is
recommended to coordinate upstream and downstream protection in a cascading
configuration.
86
Choosing surge arresters for
LV networks
Case of earth leakage devices
DB108188
In installations fitted out with a general earth leakage protection, it is preferable to
place the surge arrester upstream from this protection.
However, certain power distributors do not allow intervention at this distribution level
(this is for instance the case for LV subscribers in France).
It is therefore necessary to plan a selective device of the s type, or with delayed
tripping, so that when the current runs off to the earth through the surge arrester, it
does not produce nuisance tripping of the incoming circuit-breaker.
DB108189
The best way to guarantee the continuity of supply of priority circuits, while ensuring
safety in the case of atmospheric disturbances is to combine:
ba surge arrester that can protect sensitive loads against atmospheric
overvoltages
ba circuit-breaker with an upstream earth leakage protection device of 300/500
mA selective, to ensure total earth leakage discrimination
ba residual current device of 30 mA s type placed downstream is insensitive to this
type of disturbance.
Another solution can be foreseen: use a circuit-breaker (not earth leakage) at the
incoming end of the installation followed by a residual current circuit-breaker. The
surge arrester is to be connected between the two devices (see below).
Careful, the link L must be class II.
DB108190
Choice depending on the communication network
Type of network
Series PRC
PRI 12…48 V PRI 6 V
Telecommunication
Digital 300 Hz RTC
Numeris access T0
Specialised 24 V line
Specialised modem line base band 64 kbit/s
MIC line and access T2
Computer
Current loop 200 V
Current loop 12…48 V
RS 232 (12 V)
RS 485 (12 V)
Current loop 6 V
RS 422 (6 V)
RS 423 (6 V)
Supply 12/48 V
Fire safety centralising equipment,
ELV load, intrusion centralising
11
87
Surge arresters
Indications
Surge arrester end of life indication
A variety of indication devices are provided to warn the user that loads are no longer
protected against atmospheric surges.
Type 1 surge arresters: PRF1 1P 260 V, Combi 1P+N and 3P+N
and PRF1 Master with air spark gap technology
These surge arresters have an indicator that show whether the module is operating
correctly. This indicator requires an operating voltage of min. 120 V AC.
It does not come on:
b
if the operating voltage is y 120 V AC
bif there is no supply voltage
bif the arcing electronics are faulty.
Type 1 (PRD1) and Type 2 (PF, PRD) surge arresters (varistor,
varistor + gas spark gap)
End of life takes the form of destruction of the surge arrester or cartridge.
This can be one of 2 types:
b
internal end of life disconnection:
v the accumulation of electrical shocks causes the varistors to age, which
translates into a rise in the leakage current. Above 1 mA, there is thermal runaway
and disconnection of the surge arrester
bexternal end of life disconnection:
v is produced when an overvoltage is too energetic (lightning stroke directly on
the line), above the surge arrester’s flow capacity there where the varistors are
placed in solid short-circuit with the earth (or possible between the phase and
neutral)
v this short-circuit is eliminated by opening of the disconnection circuit-breaker
that must be associated.
Surge arresters for communication networks
PRD65r, PRD40r and PRD20r surge arresters
DB107919
DB107918
The surge arrestor is only at the end of life in short-circuit, following the
accumulation of electrical shocks which causes it to age or following an overvoltage
that is too energetic.
These surge arresters include:
ba built-in NO/NC remote indication contact
ba mechanical indicator on the front panel:
v white: normal operation (1)
v red: cartridge to be immediately replaced (3).
Series PRD65, PRD40, PRD20, PRD8, PRC and PRI surge
arresters
(1).
(2).
These surge arresters include:
ba mechanical indicator on front panel:
v white: normal operation
v red: surge arrester to be immediately replaced.
PRD surge arresters
These surge arresters include:
ba mechanical indicator on the front panel:
v white: normal operation
v red: cartridge is to be immediately replaced.
PF surge arresters
These surge arresters include:
ba built-in remote indication NC contact for the PF65r and PF30r models
ban green/red light indicator on the front panel:
v green: normal operation
v red: surge arrester to be immediately replaced.
88
Surge arresters
Indications
Protective device opening indication
Type 1 surge arresters
The Type 1 surge arrester protective device can be tripped in two cases:
bwhen the follow current (Ifi) extinguishing capacity of the surge arrester is less
than the prospective short-circuit current of the installation
bwhen the Type 1 surge arrester is at the end of life (internal short-circuit).
An OF indication transfer auxiliary is recommended to indicate opening of the
protective device.
Type 2 surge arresters
The Type 2 surge arrester protective device can be tripped in event of end of life
(internal short-circuit).
An OF indication transfer auxiliary is recommended to indicate opening of the
protective device.
Diagram 1.
Optimum indication
Association PRF1 + PRD40
This consists of serial connecting the various indication auxiliaries:
bthe OF contact of the Type 1 surge arrester protective device (diagrams 1 and 2)
bthe OF contact of the Type 2 surge arrester protective device (diagrams 1 and 2)
bthe transfer contact built into the PF65r, PF30r, PRD65r and PRD40r surge
arresters (diagram 3)
bthe EM/RM indication auxiliary (diagram 4).
Indication of proper operation of lightning protection by green indicator light.
Diagram 2.
Indication of placing out of operation of lightning protection by red indicator light or
indication by supply breaking (MX).
This diagram has the drawback of placing the entire installation out of operation as
long as the surge arrester is not replaced or the protective device is not reset.
It cannot therefore be used in cases when continuity of supply is required (fire alarm,
remote monitoring, etc.).
Note: an automatic recloser can be associated with the Type 1 surge arrester D125 protective
device as per diagram 5.
Diagram 3.
11
Diagram 4.
89
12. PF surge arresters
0
12.1. Fixed Type 2 LV surge arresters
The PF multi-pole single-piece surge
arrester range is adapted to all earthing
systems: TT, TN-S, TN-C and IT.
The PF surge arresters with “r” indication
have remote transfer of the information:
“surge arrester to be replaced”.
Each surge arrester in the range has a specific application:
bincoming protection:
v the PF65(r) is recommended for a very high risk level (strongly exposed site)
v the PF40(r) is recommended for a high risk level
v the PF20 is recommended for a low risk level
bsecondary protection:
v the PF8 ensures secondary protection of loads to be protected and is placed in
cascade with the incoming surge arresters. This surge arrester is required when
the loads to be protected are at a distance of more than 30 m from the incoming
surge arrester.
PB101666
Catalogue
Numbers
Rated discharge current (In)
Type of protection
Incoming
65 kA
Very high risk level (strongly exposed site)
PF65
PB101667
1P+N
40 kA
High risk level
20 kA
Low risk level
Secondary
PF8
PF40
PF20
8 kA
3P+N
90
PF surge arresters
Fixed Type 2 LV surge arresters
Network
Earthing Transfer Surge
Associated
system
arrester name protection device
1P+N
3P+N
1P
2P
3P
4P
15684
15683
15584
15581
15685
15586
15585
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
TN
TN-C
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
TN-S
15687
15686
15690
15688
15587
15582
15691
15592
15692
15693
15694
15695
15696
15595
15597
15598
0
PF65 1P
PF65 1P+N
PF65 2P
PF65 3P
PF65r 3P+N
PF65 3P+N
PF65r 4P
50 A C curve
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
PF40 1P
PF40 1P+N
40 A C curve
15590
15588
TN
TN-C
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
TN-S
TN-S
PF40 2P
PF40 3P
PF40r 3P+N
PF40 3P+N
PF40r 4P
PF40 4P
PF20 1P
PF20 1P+N
PF20 2P
PF20 3P
PF20 3P+N
PF20 4P
25 A C curve
15593
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
TN
TN-C
TT & TN-S
TN-S
15596
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
TN
TN-C
TT & TN-S
TN-S
PF8 1P
PF8 1P+N
PF8 2P
PF8 3P
PF8 3P+N
PF8 4P
20 A C curve
b
b
b
b
12
91
PF surge arresters
Fixed Type 2 LV surge arresters
0
Technical data
Surge
arrester
Nbr of
poles
Width
Imax
In
Up
in mod.
of 9 mm
kA
kA
kV
CM
L/t
PF65
PF65 1P
1P
2
65
PF65 1P+N 1P+N
4
65
PF65 2P
2P
4
65
PF65 3P
3P
8
65
PF65r 3P+N 3P+N
8
65
PF65 3P+N 3P+N
8
65
PF65r 4P
4P
8
65
PF40
PF40 1P
1P
2
40
PF40 1P+N 1P+N
4
40
PF40 2P
2P
4
40
PF40 3P
3P
8
40
PF40 3P+N 3P+N
8
40
PF40r 3P+N 3P+N
8
40
PF40r 4P
4P
8
40
PF40 4P
4P
8
40
PF20
PF20 1P
1P
2
20
PF20 1P+N 1P+N
4
20
PF20 2P
2P
4
20
PF20 3P
3P
8
20
PF20 3P+N 3P+N
8
20
PF20 4P
4P
8
20
PF8
PF8 1P
1P
2
8
PF8 1P+N
1P+N
4
8
PF8 2P
2P
4
8
PF8 3P
3P
8
8
PF8 3P+N
3P+N
8
8
PF8 4P
4P
8
8
CM: common mode (phase to earth and neutral to earth).
DM: differential mode (phase to neutral).
Operating frequency
Operating voltage
Ic permanent operating current
Response time
End of life indication:
by green/red mechanical indicator
End of life remote indication
Type of connection terminals
Operating temperature
Standards
92
Green
Red
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.5
5
5
5
5
5
5
≤1.1
≤1.5
≤1.1
≤1.1
≤1.5
≤1.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
≤1
≤1.5
≤1
≤1
≤1.5
≤1
Network
rated
V
DM
L/N
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.1
≤1.1
≤1
≤1
50/60 Hz
230/400 V AC
< 1 mA
< 25 ns
in operation
at end of life
by contact NO, NC 250 V / 0.25 A
tunnel terminals, 2.5 to 35 mm2
-25 °C to +60 °C
IEC 61643-1 T2
and EN 61643-11 Type 2
Uc
V
CM
L/t
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
340
260
340
340
260
260
340
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
340
260
340
340
260
260
340
340
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
340
260
340
340
260
340
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
340
260
340
340
260
340
Cat. no.
DM
L/N
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
15683
15684
15584
15581
15685
15586
15585
15686
15687
15587
15582
15690
15688
15590
15588
15691
15692
15592
15597
15693
15593
15694
15695
15595
15598
15696
15596
12
93
PRD surge arresters
12.2 Withdrawable Type 2 LV surge
arresters
PRD withdrawable surge arresters allow
quick replacement of damaged cartridges.
The withdrawable surge arresters with “r”
indication have remote transfer of the
information: “cartridge to be replaced”.
Each surge arrester in the range has a specific
application:
PB101664
Catalogue
Numbers
bincoming protection:
v the PRD65(r) is recommended for a very high risk level (strongly exposed site)
v the PRD40(r) is recommended for a high risk level
v the PRD20(r) is recommended for a low risk level
bsecondary protection:
v the PRD8(r) ensures secondary protection of loads to be protected and is
placed in cascade with the incoming surge arresters. This surge arrester is
required when the loads to be protected are at a distance of more than 30 m from
the incoming surge arrester.
Rated discharge current (In)
Type of protection
Incoming
65 kA
Very high risk level (strongly exposed site)
Secondary
PRD65
1P+N
PB101665
40 kA
High risk level
PRD40
20 kA
Low risk level
3P+N
8 kA
PRD8
Cartridge
94
PRD20
PB101663
0
DB107761
DB107760
PRD surge arresters
0
Withdrawable Type 2 LV surge arresters
Network
1P+N
3P+N
1P
2P
3P
4P
16555
16556
16442
16559
16558
16443
16562
16567
16564
16569
16561
16566
16444
16667
16445
16568
16563
16571
16446
16447
16573
16557
16672
16572
16674
16574
16677
16577
16679
16579
16576
16448
16449
16578
Earthing Transfer Surge
Associated
system
arrester name protection device
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
PRD65r 1P IT
PRD65r 1P
PRD65r 1P+N
PRD65r 2P
PRD65r 3P IT
PRD65r 3P
PRD65r 3P+N
PRD65r 4P
50 A C curve
16659
IT
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
TN
IT
TN-C
TT & TN-S
TN-S
16597 16664
16669
TT & TN
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
TN
TN
TN-C
TN-C
IT
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
IT
TN-S
TN-S
b
PRD40r 1P
PRD40 1P
PRD40r 1P+N
PRD40 1P+N
PRD40r 2P
PRD40 2P
PRD40r 3P
PRD40 3P
PRD40r 3P IT
PRD40r 3P+N
PRD40 3P+N
PRD40r 4P IT
PRD40r 4P
PRD40 4P
40 A C curve
16599
16673
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
TN
TN-C
IT
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
IT
TN-S
PRD20 1P
PRD20r 1P+N
PRD20 1P+N
PRD20 2P
PRD20 3P
PRD20r 3P IT
PRD20r 3P+N
PRD20 3P+N
PRD20r 4P IT
PRD20 4P
25 A C curve
16678
16680
TT & TN
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
TN
TN-C
IT
TT & TN-S
TT & TN-S
IT
TN-S
PRD8 1P
PRD8r 1P+N
PRD8 1P+N
PRD8 2P
PRD8 3P
PRD8r 3P IT
PRD8r 3P+N
PRD8 3P+N
PRD8r 4P IT
PRD8 4P
20 A C curve
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
12
95
PRD surge arresters
0
Withdrawable Type 2 LV surge arresters
Technical data
Surge arrester
name
PRD65
PRD65r 1P IT
PRD65r 1P
PRD65r 1P+N
PRD65r 2P
PRD65r 3P IT
PRD65r 3P
PRD65r 3P+N
PRD65r 4P
PRD40
PRD40r 1P
PRD40 1P
PRD40r 1P+N
PRD40 1P+N
PRD40r 2P
PRD40 2P
PRD40r 3P
PRD40 3P
PRD40r 3P IT
PRD40r 3P+N
PRD40 3P+N
PRD40r 4P IT
PRD40r 4P
PRD40 4P
PRD20
PRD20 1P
PRD20r 1P+N
PRD20 1P+N
PRD20 2P
PRD20 3P
PRD20r 3P IT
PRD20r 3P+N
PRD20 3P+N
PRD20r 4P IT
PRD20 4P
PRD8
PRD8 1P
PRD8r 1P+N
PRD8 1P+N
PRD8 2P
PRD8 3P
PRD8r 3P IT
PRD8r 3P+N
PRD8 3P+N
PRD8r 4P IT
PRD8 4P
Nbr of poles Width
Imax
In
Up
kA
in mod. kA
of 9 mm
V
CM
L/t
1P
1P
1P+N
2P
3P
3P
3P+N
4P
2
2
4
4
6
6
8
8
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
65
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
≤2.0
≤1.5
≤1.4
≤1.5
≤2.0
≤1.5
≤1.4
≤1.5
1P
1P
1P+N
1P+N
2P
2P
3P
3P
3P
3P+N
3P+N
4P
4P
4P
2
2
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.8
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.8
≤1.4
≤1.4
1P
1P+N
1P+N
2P
3P
3P
3P+N
3P+N
4P
4P
2
4
4
4
6
6
8
8
8
8
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
≤1.1
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.1
≤1.1
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.1
1P
1P+N
1P+N
2P
3P
3P
3P+N
3P+N
4P
4P
2
4
4
4
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
≤1.0
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.0
≤1.0
≤1.1
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.1
≤1.0
DM
L/N
≤1.5
≤1.5
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.4
≤1.1
≤1.1
≤1.1
≤1.1
≤1.0
≤1.0
≤1.0
≤1.0
Network rated
voltage
Uc
V
V
CM
L/t
230
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
440
340
260
340
440
340
260
340
230
230
230
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
340
340
260
260
340
340
340
340
460
260
260
460
340
340
230
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
340
260
260
340
340
460
260
260
460
340
230
230
230
230
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
230/400
340
260
260
340
340
460
260
260
460
340
Cat.
no.
DM
L/N
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
340
16555
16556
16557
16442
16558
16443
16559
16659
16561
16566
16562
16567
16444
16667
16445
16568
16563
16564
16569
16597
16664
16669
16571
16672
16572
16446
16447
16573
16674
16574
16599
16673
16576
16677
16577
16448
16449
16578
16679
16579
16678
16680
CM : common mode (phase to earth and neutral to earth)
DM : differential mode (phase to neutral)
Spare cartridges
Type
Spare cartridges for
Cat. no
C 65-440
C 65-340
C 40-460
C 40-340
C 20-460
C 20-340
C 8-460
C 8-340
C neutral
PRD65r IT
PRD65r
PRD40r IT
PRD40, PRD40r
PRD20r IT
PRD20, PRD20r
PRD8r IT
PRD8, PRD8r
All products
16580
16681
16684
16685
16686
16687
16688
16689
16691
96
Operating frequency
Operating voltage
Ic permanent operating current
Response time
End of life indication:
by white/red mechanical indicator
End of life remote indication
Type of connection terminals
Operating temperature
Standards
White
Red
50/60 Hz
230/400 V AC
< 1 mA
< 25 ns
in operation
at end of life
by contact NO, NC 250 V / 0.25 A
tunnel terminals, 2.5 to 35 mm²
-25 °C to +60 °C
IEC 61643-1 T2
and EN 61643-11 Type 2
12
97
Catalogue
Numbers
PRF1/PRF1 Master surge arresters
12.3. Type 1 LV surge arrester
PRF1
DB108607
The Type 1 PRF1 surge arrester protects electrical installations against direct
lightning strokes.
It is recommended for electrical installations in tertiary and industrial buildings
protected by a lightning conductor or by a meshed cage.
It is used to run to earth a direct lightning current propagated through the live
conductors and the earth conductor.
It must be installed with an upstream fuse type or circuit-breaker type protection
(disconnection) device whose breaking capacity must be at least equal to the
maximum prospective short-circuit current at the installation point
Rated
Type of
discharge
surge
current (Isc) arrester
Product solution
1P+N
6 kA
3P+N
PRF1
16621 + 16623
16625
3 x 16621 + 16624
16628
Combined
16626
16629
16626
98
16622
16629
PB101097-30
PB101096-30
16623
PB101106-37
PB101101-35
16621
PRF1 Master
PB101095-30
PB101094-30
50 kA
16624
DB108609
PRF1/PRF1 Master surge arresters
Type 1 LV surge arrester
Earthing system
3P
4P
3 x 16621
3 x 16627
2 x 16630
3 x 16630
16627
Recommended
Technical data
Cat. no.
125 A curve D
D125 cat. no.: 18533
D125 cat. no.: 18533
D125 cat. no.: 18532
D125 cat. no.: 18532
D125 cat. no.: 18534
D125 cat. no.: 18534
NS160N TM160D cat. no.: 30620
NS160N TM160D cat. no.: 30630
NS160N TM160D cat. no.: 30650
16642
16641
16643
Integrated
16643
16644
16645
160 A curve D
16628
PB101956-50
16625
PB101102-30
PB101099-30
4 x 16630
TNC
TNC, IT non-distributed neutral
TT, TNS
TT, TNS, IT distributed neutral
TT, TNS
TT, TNS, IT distributed neutral
TT, TNS
TT, TNS
TT, TNS, IT distributed neutral
TNC, IT non-distributed neutral
TT, TNS, IT distributed neutral
Disconnection circuit-breaker
PB101104-30
2P
Fixing
accessory
16630
12
99
PRF1/PRF1 Master surge arresters
Type 1 LV surge arrester
Name of the surge
arrester
PRF1
PRF1 1P 260 V
PRF1 1P 440 V
PRF1 N/PE 50 1P 260 V
PRF1 N/PE 100 1P 260 V
PRF1 1P+N 440 V
PRF1 3P 440 V
PRF1 3P+N 440 V
PRF1 Master
PRF1 Master 1 P 440 V
Combi PRF1
Combi PRF1 1P+N 260 V
Combi PRF1 3P+N 260/440 V
No. of
poles
Width
I imp (kA) (10/350)
9 mm
modules
Surge
arrester
1P
1P
Neutral
Neutral
1P+N
3P
3P+N
2
2
2
4
4
6
10
1P
1P+N
3P+N
In
Up
Un
Uc
Surge arrester + kA
disconnector
kV
V AC
V AC
35
35
50
100
35/50 N/PE
35
35/100 N/PE
25
25
50
100
25/50 N/PE
25
25/100 N/PE
35
35
50
100
35/50 N/PE
35
35/100 N/PE
0,9
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
230
230
230
230
230
230 / 400
230 / 400
260
440
260
260
440
440
440
16621
16622
16623
16624
16625
16627
16628
4
50
35
50
1,5
230
440
16630
10
20
-
25/50 N/PE
25/50 N/PE
35/50 N/PE
35/50 N/PE
0,9
0,9
230
230 / 400
260
260
16626
16629
b operating frequency: 50/60 Hz
b breaking capacity (with protection device):
PRF1: 6 kA / 230 V, 3 kA / 400 V
PRF1 Master: 36 kA / 230 V, 8 kA / 400 V
b response time: y 1 µs
b connection: by tunnel terminal
PRF1, combis PRF1 PRF1 Master
Rigid cable
10...25 mm²
10...50 mm²
Flexible cable
10...25 mm²
16...35 mm²
b biconnect by fork type comb busbar
b end-of-life indication:
b for items: PRF1: 16621; Combi PRF1: 16626, 16629
v by indicator:
- green: correct operation
- off: at end of life
b degree of protection:
v front panel: IP40
v terminals: IP20
b operating temperature: -40 ˚C... +85 ˚C
b standards: IEC 61643-1, EN 61643-11 type 1.
100
Cat. no.
PRF1/PRF1 Master surge arresters
Type 1 LV surge arrester
Accessories
PB101107-15
Type
Number
of poles
Cat. no.
16641
16642
16643
16644
16645
16646
2P Wiring comb busbars
2
3P Wiring comb busbars
3
4P Wiring comb busbars
4
6P Wiring comb busbars
6
8P Wiring comb busbars
8
200 mm flexible cable (PRF1 Master)
16641
Disconnection circuit-breaker for PRF1
PB101100-30
This circuit-breaker is tested in conjunction with the PRF1 surge arrester with
a 10/350 wave form. It is used specifically for the protection of surge arresters from
the PRF1 range.
The assembly conforms to IEC 61643-1 and EN 61643-11 standards.
Type
Number Rating
Curve
Width
Cat. no.
of poles (A)
in 9 mm
modules
D125
18532
2
3
4
125
125
125
D
D
D
18532
18533
18534
4
6
8
18312
PB100626-30
PB101108-30
D125 circuit-breaker auxiliaries
Type
Width
Cat. no.
in 9 mm
modules
ATm
Tm C120
OF
OF+SD/OF
2
7
1
1
18316
18312
26924
26929
26924
Disconnection circuit-breaker for PRF1 Master
This circuit-breaker is tested in conjunction with the PRF1 Master surge arrester
with a 10/350 wave form.
The assembly conforms to IEC 61643-1 and EN 61643-11 standards.
Type
Number Rating
Curve
Cat. no.
of poles (A)
NS160N TM160D
2
3
4
160
160
160
D
D
D
30620
30630
30650
Compact NS160N circuit-breaker auxiliaries
(See catalogue)
12
101
Catalogue
Numbers
12.4. Serie PRC, PRI surge
arresters
Function
Network voltage (Un)
Function
Analog telephone networks
Telephone transmitters
Digital telephone networks
Automation networks
Computer or data networks
ELV load supply (12…48 V)
DB110912
DB110911
These surge arresters are intended for the protection of sensitive equipment:
telecommunication, computing, etc. against transient surges of atmospheric origin
due to lightning.
Serie PRC
PRI
< 200 V
12... 48 V
<6V
b
b
b
b
b
b
Technical data
Type
Width in 9 mm
modules
Network rated
voltage
Maximum discharge
current lmax (kA) (8/20
microsecond wave form)
Rated discharge current ln
(kA) (8/20 microsecond
wave form)
Protection Cat. no.
level (V)
PRI
2
2
2
12...48 V
6V
200 V AC
10
10
10
5
5
5
70
15
300
PB100584-35
PRC
16594
102
PB100586-35
PB100586-35
16593
16595
boperating frequency: 50/60 Hz
brated current: 20 mA
b50 Hz withstand (15 min): 25 A
bresponse time: < 25 ns
bnumber of protected pairs: 1
boperating indication by mechanical indicator:
v white: in normal operation
v red: surge arrester must be replaced
bconnection: by tunnel terminals for 0.5 to 2.5 mm2 cables
boperating temperature: -25 °C to +60 °C
bstorage temperature: -40 °C to +70 °C
bdegree of protection:
v IP20 at terminals
v IP40 at front panel
bweight (g): 65.
16595
16594
16593
62235M
Catalogue
Numbers
12.5. Connection kits for surge
arrester
Connection kits for
The connection kits for surge arrester
ensure the reliability of surge arrester
installation in the Opale, Pragma C, D or F
Kaedra and Prisma enclosures. They allow
freedom from the rules for installing surge
arresters in enclosures while also
guaranteeing effective load surge
protection.
Opale enclosures
bThis kit is used in all Opale enclosures for connection of all the phase/neutral
surge arresters: PRD, PE and PF (except PF65) and the isolating circuit-breakers:
2P C60 (20 or 50 A rating).
bIt is made up of:
v 1 set of 2 preformed cables (blue-neutral/black-phase) used to connect the
surge arrester with the isolating circuit-breaker.
v 1 set of 2 straight flexible cables (blue-neutral/black-phase) used to
connect the isolating circuit-breaker with the enclosure terminal blocks (Ph/N).
v 2 x 6 mm2 tubular cable ends for straight flexible cables.
v 1 earthing connection cable (green/yellow) with connector for connection
of the surge arrester with the enclosure earthing terminal block and the
installation earth:
v rigid cable: max. cross-section 25 mm2
v flexible cable: crimped cable end only,
v 1 cable end for reducing 25 mm2 cables to 6 mm2 to connect the earthing
cable with the enclosure earthing terminal block.
v 1 C60 screw shield (2P) with self-adhesive “voltage presence” label
(yellow).
catalogue number
62236M
Connection kits for Pragma or Kaedra enclosures
bThese kits are used in all Pragma and Kaedra enclosures to connect all the surge
arresters: PRD, ST, PE and PF and the isolating circuit-breakers: 2P or 4P C60 or
C120 (20 or 50 A rating).
bThey are made up of:
v 1 staggered splitter block (4P).
v 1 set of 2 straight flexible cables (blue-neutral/black-phase) and 1 set of 2
straight flexible cables (black-phase/black-phase) used to connect the
isolating circuit-breaker with the staggered splitter block.
v 4 x 6 mm2 tubular cable ends for straight flexible cables.
v 1 set of 2 preformed cables (blue-neutral/black-phase) and 1 set of 2
preformed cables (black-phase/black-phase) used to connect the surge
arrester with the isolating circuit-breaker.
v 1 earthing connection cable (green/yellow) with connector for connection
of the surge arrester with the enclosure earthing terminal block and the
installation earth:
v rigid cable: max. cross-section 35 mm2
v flexible cable: crimped cable end only,
v 1 cable end for reducing 25 mm2 (kit 13726) or 35 mm2 (kit 13728) cables
to 6 mm2 to connect the earthing cable with the enclosure earthing terminal
block.
v 1 C60 and C120 (4P) screw shield with self-adhesive “voltage presence”
catalogue number
type
enclosure
connection kits for Pragma and Kaedra enclosures
Pragma C or D (y 3R)
Pragma F (1R - 2R)
Kaedra (y 3R)
Pragma C or D (4R)
Pragma F (3R to 6R)
Kaedra (4R)
catalogue
number
13726
13728
12
103
Connection kits for surge arrester
Connection kits for
62237
Prisma enclosures
b
This kit is used in all Prisma enclosures for connection of all the surge arresters:
PRD, ST, PE and PF and the isolating circuit-breakers: C60 or 2P/4P C120
(20 or 50 A rating).
bIt is made up of:
v 1 set of2 preformed cables (blue-neutral/black-phase) and 1 set of 2
preformed cables (black-phase/black-phase) used to connect the surge
arrester with the isolating circuit-breaker.
v 1 straight flexible cable (blue-neutral) and 3 straight flexible cables
(black-phase) used to connect the isolating circuit-breaker with the
downstream of the enclosure incoming circuit-breaker or with the busbar.
v 4 x 6mm2 tubular cable ends for straight flexible cables.
v 4 M6x12 screws + pin washersused to connect the isolating circuit-breaker
with the enclosure busbar.
v 1 earthing connection cable (green/yellow) with double connecting plate
for connection of the surge arrester with the enclosure earth.
v 1 C60 and C120 (4P) screw shield with self-adhesive “voltage presence”
label (yellow).
catalogue number
E91652
type
connection kit for Prisma enclosures
catalogue
number
13729
bCaution: when producing the enclosure, it is essential to make provision for a
symmetrical rail at the top of the enclosure (75 mm dimension, see opposite)
for installation of the surge arrester and its isolating circuit-breaker.
104
Dimensions
Surge arresters
PRC parallel
PRC serie - PRI
073-0100
158-0100
DB110858
PF
DB110859
PRD
12
105
Dimensions
Surge arresters
Domae Quick PF
1P + N
3P + N
Duoline PF’clic
Quick PF
1P + N
106
SR for Quick PF
Dimensions
Modular switchgear Protect
PRF1
PRF1 master
Combi PRF1
74
36
7
44
30
46.5 151.5
192-0405
12
107
Index
A
S
Automatic reset 15
"Si" type RCD 13, 26
"SiE" type RCD range 14,
26
Sensors 53
Super immune 13
Surge arrester 72
Connection kits 103
Dimensions 105
end of life indication 88
Indications 88
PF surge arresters 90
PRC, PRI surge arresters 102
PRD surge arresters 94
PRF1/PRF1 Master surge arresters 98
selection 75
C
C120 circuit breakers 29
C60 circuit breakers 29
cascading configuration 79
communication network 87
Current peaks 22
D
Disturbances 7
External 7
Internal 7
E
Earth-leakage 8, 23
T
H
Taut wires 68
Transformers 53
Tripping 20
Computing 20
Lighting 21
Tripping relays 13
Type B 14, 30
Hazardous environmen 23
V
F
Faraday cage 68
Filtering 13, 17
L
Leakage current 10
Lightning 19
risks 63
Load leakage 8
N
NG 125 circuit breakers 29
Nuisance tripping 5
O
Overvoltage 9
Protection devices 67
P
Parallel protection device 69
Propagation modes 62
Protection 24
R
RCCB 30
RCD-device 10
Recloser Automatic Device: 15
RED 33
REDs 38
REDtest 42
Residual current devices 12
108
Vigi modules 29
Vigirex selection guide 48
Dimensions 54
Vigirex technology 16
Voltage surge types 58
The Guiding System,
the new way to make your
electrical installations
Multi 9 "si" type are part of a comprehensive product offer with
a consistent design.
The Guiding System is first a Merlin Gerin product offer covering
all the needs of LV and MV electrical distribution: SM6 electrical
switchboards from 1 to 36 kV, Satia ultra compact MV/LV substation
from 250 to 360 kV A, Compact and Masterpact circuit-breakers
from 100 to 3 200 A, modular enclosures and switchgear up to
125 A, Prisma + distribution switchboard functional system up to
3 200 A. All these products are designed to operate together: electrical, mechanical and communication consistency.
Thus the electrical installation is both optimised and more efficient:
better continuity of supply, enhanced safety for people and equipment, guaranteed open-endedness, effective supervision
and control.
Tools for simplified design and implementation
With the Guiding System you have a complete range of tools
– the Guiding Tools – that accompany you in knowledge and implementation of Merlin Gerin products, while complying with current
standards and proper procedures.
These tools, technical books and guides, design aid software, training courses, etc. are updated regularly.
Schneider Electric
Danmark
Industriparken 32
2750 Ballerup
(Danmark)
Tel.: +45 44 73 78 88
http://www.schneider-electric.dk
http://www.merlin-gerin.com
As standards, specifications and designs develop from to time, always ask for confirmation of
the information given in this publication.
Printed on recycled paper
Published by: Schneider Electric Denmark A/S
Printed by:
03/2007
Avalilability CATEN © 2007 Schneider Electric - All rights reserved
For a genuine partnership with you
Because each electrical installation is a special case, there is no
universal solution. With the Guiding System, the variety of combinations allows a genuine customisation of technical solutions. You
can express your creativity and enhance your know-how in design,
production and operation of an electrical installation.
You and Merlin Gerin’s Guiding System form a genuine partnership.