The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T41548A10497668
Callicebus donacophilus, Bolivian Gray Titi
Assessment by: Veiga, L.M., Wallace, R.B. & Ferrari, S.F.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: Veiga, L.M., Wallace, R.B. & Ferrari, S.F. 2008. Callicebus donacophilus. The IUCN Red List
of Threatened Species 2008: e.T41548A10497668.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
Copyright: © 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written
permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.
Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written
permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN
Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife
International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with
feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Pitheciidae
Taxon Name: Callicebus donacophilus (D'Orbigny, 1836)
Common Name(s):
• English:
• Spanish:
Bolivian Gray Titi, Bolivian Grey Titi, Bolivian Titi, Bolivian Titi Monkey, Titi Monkey,
White-eared Titi, White Eared Titi
Facafaca
Taxonomic Notes:
Kobayashi and Langguth (1999) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002) recognize five species groups – cupreus,
donacophilus, moloch, personatus and torquatus. Callicebus donacophilus belongs to the donacophilus
group, which according to van Roosmalen et al., (2002), also includes: Callicebus modestus, Callicebus
oenanthe, Callicebus olallae and Callicebus pallescens.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Least Concern ver 3.1
Year Published:
2008
Date Assessed:
June 30, 2008
Justification:
This species is considered Least Concern because of its adaptability and relatively wide range, and
because there is no evidence of a decline that would warrant listing in a threatened category.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
2003 – Least Concern (LC)
1996 – Lower Risk/least concern (LR/lc)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
This species has a wide distribution that stretches east from the Manique River in Beni, Bolivia, and
north into Brazil where Ferrari et al. (2000) confirmed the presence of titis with a greyish pleage in
southern Rondônia. It is possible that its range extends as far north as the Serra dos Pacaás Novos. It is
found in Bolivia south to the forests around the city of Santa Cruz.
Country Occurrence:
Native: Bolivia, Plurinational States of; Brazil
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Callicebus donacophilus – published in 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
1
Distribution Map
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Callicebus donacophilus – published in 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
2
Population
Unpublished data from San Miguelito ranch in Santa Cruz provides relative abundance indices of
between 0.04 and 0.18 groups (0.12-0.54 individuals) encountered per 10 km of line transect (Wallace
and Mercado 2007; WCS, unpubl.).
Current Population Trend: Decreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
Although C. donacophilus is found in tropical humid forests, it seems to be restricted to the slightly drier
forests of southern Amazonia and is apparently absent from the more humid forests of northern Beni
Department (Wallace and Mercado 2007). It also appears reasonably tolerant of habitat disturbance (R.
Wallace pers. comm. 2007).
The diet of titi monkeys comprises mainly fruit pulp, leaves, insects and seeds. They form small, pairbonded, territorial groups and are considered monogamous. They have small home (1.5-30 km) and day
ranges (0.5-1.5 km). A study on the behavioural ecology and calling behaviour of C. donacophilus is
underway at two sites in forest patches in and on the outskirts of Santa Cruz (K. Dingess pers. comm. to
R. Wallace, 2007).
Systems: Terrestrial
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
Agricultural activities have resulted in considerable habitat loss around the city of Santa Cruz.
Nevertheless, it is one of three primate species that survives within the confines of the city and has
been observed on the outskirts of several rural communities (R. Wallace pers. comm. 2007.).
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
Present in Beni Biosphere Reserve and Amboro National Park in Bolivia (Wallace and Mercado 2007;
Martinez and Wallace in press). More information is required regarding the species' eastern distribution,
and limits with C. pallescens in the south.
It is listed on CITES Appendix II.
Credits
Assessor(s):
Veiga, L.M., Wallace, R.B. & Ferrari, S.F.
Reviewer(s):
Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Callicebus donacophilus – published in 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
3
Bibliography
Anderson, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia: Taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of
Natural History 231: 1–652.
Brown, A. D. and Rumiz, D. I. 1986. Distribucion de los primates en Bolivia. In: M. T. de Mello (ed.), A
Primatologia no Brasil, pp. 335-363. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, Brazil.
Ferrari S. F., Iwanaga S, Messias, M. R., Ramos E. M., Ramos, P. C. S., da Cruz Neto, E. H. and Coutinho, P.
E. G. 2000. Titi monkeys (Callicebus spp., Atelidae: Platyrrhini) in Brazilian state of Rondonia.
Groves, C. P. 2001. Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, USA.
Hershkovitz, P. 1988. Origin, speciation, and distribution of South American titi monkeys, genus
Callicebus (Family Cebidae, Platyrrhini). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
140(1): 240-272.
Hershkovitz, P. 1990. Titis, New World monkeys of the genus Callicebus (Cebidae, Platyrrhini): a
preliminary taxonomic review. Fieldiana: Zoology 55: 1-109.
Hirsch, A, Dias, L. G., de Oliveira Martins, L., Ferreira Campos, R., Landau, E. C. and Almeida Teixeira
Resende, N. 2002. BDGEOPRIM -Database of geo-referenced localities of neotropical primates.
Neotropical Primates 10(2): 79-84.
Kobayashi, S. 1995. A phylogenetic study of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, based on cranial
measurements: I. Phyletic groups of Callicebus. Primates 36(1): 101-120.
Kobayashi, S and Langguth, A. 1999. A new species of titi monkeys, Callicebus Thomas, from northeastern Brazil (Primates, Cebidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 16(2): 531-551.
Martinez, J. and Wallace R. B. 2007. Further Notes on the Distribution of the Bolivian Endemic Titi
Monkeys, Callicebus modestus and Callicebus olallae. Neotropical Primates 14(2): 47-54.
Norconk, M. A. 2007. Saki, uakaris, and titi monkeys: behavioral diversity in a radiation of primate seed
predators. In: C. J. Campbell, A. Fuentes, K. C.MacKinnon, M. Panger and S. K. Bearder (eds), Primates in
Perspectives, pp. 123-138. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
Salazar-Bravo, J. A., Tarifa, T., Aguirre, L. F., Yensen, E. and Yates, T. L. 2003. Revised Checklist of Bolivian
Mammals. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 220: 1-28.
Tarifa, T. 1996. Mamiferos. In: P. Ergueta and C. de Morales (eds), Libro rojo de los vertebrados de
Bolivia, pp. 165-262. Centro de Datos para la conservacion-Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia.
Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., Van Roosmalen, T. and Mittermeier, R.A. 2002. A taxonomic review of the titi
monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi
and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Primates 10: 1-52.
Citation
Veiga, L.M., Wallace, R.B. & Ferrari, S.F. 2008. Callicebus donacophilus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species 2008: e.T41548A10497668.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
Disclaimer
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Callicebus donacophilus – published in 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
4
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Callicebus donacophilus – published in 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
5
Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry
-
Suitable
-
1. Forest -> 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland
-
Suitable
-
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat
Timing
Scope
Severity
Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder
farming
Ongoing
-
-
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
Ongoing
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry
farming
-
-
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range
In-Place Education
Included in international legislation: Yes
Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes
Conservation Actions Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions Needed
2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Callicebus donacophilus – published in 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
6
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
Additional Data Fields
Population
Population severely fragmented: No
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Callicebus donacophilus – published in 2008.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41548A10497668.en
7
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™