X-3. A 35 GHZ LATCHING SWITCH
William C. Passaro and James W. McManus
Sperry
Microwave
Introduction.
35 GHz
Electronics
This
paper
latching
ferrite
time
of less
switching
It is particularly
well
reliability,
Total
weight
of tie
and total
volume
have
device
these
devices
resulting
junction
More
lators
waveguide
in this
latching
Circulator
lator
Design.
is based
Minor
modifications
in the remanent
provide
pulse enters
and emerges
in a plane
bility
of the material
the direction
fast
switching
served
were
previous
of
holding
power
have
and
been
too slow
ferrites
to junction
used
to develop
configuration
circu-
of an X-band
the device
was
described
chosen
for
for
the design
4 as further
procedure
biasing
of the junction
extended
are
the remanent
by Fay
incorporated
magnetization
circu-
to allow
for
of the material
operation
appears
to
2 is designed
to provide
a closed
The wire carrying
the switching
H-plane
Rapidly
the polarity
of circulation
5
and Comstock.
of the ferrite.
to the rf
coupling.
the
2.
configuration
is parallel
field
data
are
than
0.30
of 1 KHz,
the physical
biasing
so as to minimize
reversing
of driving
in the device,
the sense
current
and hence
the possi-
of magnetization
pulses
lends
as
be
results
itself
very
in rever
well
to
applications.
of less
that
1.
Application
the construction
geometrical
of Bosma,
magnetic
which
Switching
ing times
1-5.
devices
of latching
techniques
basic
by reversing
sing
in Figure
at the waveguide
junction,
encircles
the latching
element,
at the same point from which it entered.
The wire must
of rf magnetic
ing rate
these
6 , describing
in Figure
since
required.
ounces,
magnetic
people
continuous
The latching
ferrite
element
shown in Fig.
path entirely
within
the ferrite
material.
current
shown,
placed
application
in the design
state,
the necessary
magnetic
with
The
is pictured
are
0.6
the use of electromagnets,
requiring
a different
on the work
than
applications.
Similar
as shown
applications
time
externally-applied
In addition,
by Goodman
However,
element,
units
the novel
circulator.
paper.
is less
use over
conditions.
in those
driver)
on by many
for
operating
switching
unit
of 5%, and a
is designed
element
has required
sources.
reported
device
dynamic
The
using
elements
switching
recently,
has heen
inch.
and reported
power
rf
cubic
fast-switching
bandwidth
and fast
electronic
0.75
cumbersome
proposed
and weight,
circulators
as switching
in large
many
than
The
C under
use as a switching
size
investigated
C1OSely controlled
for
for
(excluding
is less
heen
C to +100°
small
Three-port
fields
suited
of a lightweight
an instantaneous
microseconds.
of -60°
Florida
the development
with
the 0.30
range
high
describes
circulator,
the temperature
where
Co., Clearwater,
presented
in Figure
microsecond
over
the temperature
the switching
characteristics
volume,
as well
ly published
as specific
reports
have
3, where
been
range
of -60°
of the device
materia~
by earlier
270
it can be seen
achieved,
this
theoretical
C to +100°
appear
appears
that
switch-
at a specified
C.
It was
to be a function
switchobof
to be in a reement
7, f
investigators.
-
FIG.
FIG.
2.
1.
TRIANGULAR
35
GHZ
LATCHING
FERRITE
271
SWITCH
SWITCHING
ELEMENT
Final
reactive
are
shown
to 0.5
of the junction
Operating
in Figure
while
Techniques
similar
devices
have
that
in excess
the use of external
at room
the insertion
of 15 dB has been
at -60°
C,
while
temperature
10Ss has been
kept
maintained.
Figure
Figure
6 shows
the opera-
C.
to those
described
in this
latching
circulator
operating
in X-band,
in both
waveguide
and strip
line
and L.
p. 34
Davis,
1960.
four-port
been
through
of the device
of the device
at +-100°
a single-junction
accomplished
it can be seen
isolation
the performance
characteristics
was
characteristics
4, where
@ maximum,
5 displays
ting
matching
elements.
developed
paper
have
been
used
to develop
while
three-port
construction.
References.
1.
U.
Milano,
J. Saunders,
IRE Trans.
MTT-8,
2.
H.
M.
p.
3.
4.
B. A.
H.
Chait,
T.
C.
Auld,
“The
MTT-7,
p.
Bosma,
“On
E.
Fay
IEEE
6.
P, C.
and R.
JournL
APP.
of Symmetrical
Waveguide
physics,
VO1.
30!
L.
Y-Circulation
Comstock,
“A
Latching
cations”,
“Operation
IEEE
Trans.
of the Ferrite
January
Ferrite
Junction
presented
IRE
Trans.
MTT-12,
Junction
Circulator”,
1965.
Circulator
for
at 1965 G-MTT
Phased
Symposium,
Array
Clearwater,
1965.
and J. Hart,
New York,
at UHF”,
pp 15-27,
Applications”,
May
Circulators”,
1964.
MTT-13,
Goodman,
J. B. Birks,
H.
“Y-Circulator”,
Circulator”,
1959.
Strip-line
Trans.
Florida,
8.
Synthesis
238,
January
Switching
7.
Curry,
Strip-Line
152 S, 1959.
pp 61-72,
5.
R.
“A Y-Junction
1963.
Progress
(H.
in Dielectrics,
“Square
P. Peloschek,
Vol.
Loop
5, Academic
Ferrites
press
Inc.,
and their
Appli-
Scientific
Rpt.
pp 37 - 93).
Rubenstein,
#6, Series
November
“Switching
#2, Gordon
30,
Properties
of Ferrites
McKay
Labs,
Harvard
1962 (Contract
No.
and Garnets”,
Univ.,
AF19(604)-5487,
o
~o.5
a
=
PORT 1-2
E
1=
a
3
z
w
1+
a
IA
lx 20 10
0.2
0.4
SWITCHING TIME (pSEC)
Fig
3.
Switching
272
Characteristics
Cambridge,
AFCRL).
Mass.
30
ISOLATION
(DB)
ISOLATION
25
20
[: 15 ~
INSERTION
LOSS (DB)
&j
LOSS
7
~ ~
34
1’
1.4
1.2
, :11.0
VSWR
36
FREQUE%Y
Fig.4.
Performance
VSWR
(GHZ)
Characteristics
at
RoomTemperature
30
ISOLATION
ISOLATION
(DB)
25
Z.
[ 15 ~,
po;:R:;\y
K!
IP
Fig.5.
1.2
;1
1.4
VSWR
VSWR
- , I .0
LOSS
034
35
FREQUENCY
Performance
(GHZ)
Characteristics
36
at -60°C
03~
36
FREQUENCY
Fig. 6.
Performance
(GHZ)
Characteristics
273
at 100°C
MICROWAVE
CHEMICALS
282 Seventh
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