MEMS2082
Chapter 3-2 Field Effect Transistors MOSFET
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MOSFET
 Junction
Field Effect Transistor
 Insulated Gate Field Effect Transistor, in which
Gate input is electrically insulated from the main
current carrying channel and is therefore called
IGFET.
 The most common type of insulated gate FET or
IGFET as it is sometimes called, is the Metal Oxide
Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor or
MOSFET for short.
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MOSFET
MOSFET is one of the cornerstones of modern semiconductor technology. The general structure is a
lightly doped p-type substrate, into which two regions, the source and the drain, both of heavily doped
n-type semiconductor have been embedded. The symbol n+ is used to denote this heavy doping.
The source and the drain are about 1 μm apart. Metallized contacts are made to both source and drain,
generally using aluminium. The rest of the substrate surface is covered with a thin oxide film,
typically about 0.05 μm thick. The gate electrode is laid on top of the insulating oxide layer, and the
body electrode in the diagram provides a counter electrode to the Gate. The thin oxide film contains
silicon dioxide (SiO2), but it may well also contain silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon oxynitride
(Si2N2O).
The p-type doped substrate is only very lightly doped, and so it has a very high electrical resistance,
and current cannot pass between the source and drain if there is zero voltage on the gate. Application
of a positive potential to the gate electrode creates a strong electric field across the p-type material
even for relatively small voltages, as the device thickness is very small and the field strength is given
by the potential difference divided by the separation of the gate and body electrodes.
When the gate electrode is positively charged, it will therefore repel the holes in the p-type region.
For high enough electrical fields, the resulting deformation of the energy bands will cause the bands
of the p-type region to curve up so much that electrons will begin to populate the conduction band.
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MOSFET
This isolation of the
controlling gate makes the
input resistance of the
MOSFET extremely high in
the Mega-ohms region and
almost infinite.
Enhancement type MOSFET
The metal oxide semiconductor field effect
transistor (MOSFET)
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MOSFET
 As
the gate terminal is isolated from the main
current carrying channel "NO current flows into
the gate" and like the JFET, the MOSFET also
acts like a voltage controlled resistor. Also like the
JFET, this very high input resistance can easily
accumulate large static charges resulting in the
MOSFET becoming easily damaged unless
carefully handled or protected.
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MOSFET
Depletion type MOSFET
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MOSFET
 The
P-channel and the N-channel MOSFET is
available in two basic forms,
 Enhancement type : Normally switched “off”
 Depletion type. Normally switched "ON"
without a gate bias voltage but requires a gate
to source voltage (Vgs) to switch the device
"OFF".
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Depletion-mode MOSFET and circuit Symbols

Depletion-mode MOSFET's are constructed similar to their JFET transistor
counterparts where the drain-source channel is inherently conductive with
electrons and holes already present within the N-type or P-type channel. This
doping of the channel produces a conducting path of low resistance between the
drain and source with zero gate bias.
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Enhancement-mode MOSFET

The Enhancement-mode MOSFET is the reverse of the depletionmode type. The conducting channel is lightly doped or even
undoped making it non-conductive. This results in the device
being normally "OFF" when the gate bias voltage is equal to zero.
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MOSFET
Measured Characteristic Curves for 2N7000
for VG = 2.5 V, 3 V, ...., 4 V , 5V
As the VG s increases beyond a gate-tp-source voltage threshold
voltage Vt, the n-channel begin to form . Typically, Vt=2V.
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MOSFET Summary
MOSFET type
Vgs = +ve
Vgs = 0
Vgs = -ve
N-Channel Depletion
ON
ON
OFF
N-Channel Enhancement
ON
OFF
OFF
P-Channel Depletion
OFF
ON
ON
P-Channel Enhancement
OFF
OFF
ON
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Enhancement MOSFET
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Enhancement-mode MOSFET as a Switch


Enhancement-mode MOSFET's make excellent
electronics switches due to their low "ON" resistance
and extremely high "OFF" resistance and extremely
high gate resistance.
Enhancement-mode MOSFET's are used in integrated
circuits to produce CMOS type logic gates and power
switching circuits as they can be driven by digital logic
levels.
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Enhancement-mode MOSFET as a Switch

Example:
MOSFET Power
Switch
If the resistive load of the
lamp was to be replaced by
an inductive load such as a
coil or solenoid, a
"Flywheel" (or “flyback”)
diode would be required in
parallel with the load to
protect the MOSFET from
any back-emf to damage the
devices.
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Enhancement MOSFET as a Switch

Example:
MOSFET
Analog
Switch
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Enhancement MOSFET as a Switch

Example:
Circuit to
switch Power
Open-collector
circuit
npn transistor
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Enhancement MOSFET as a Switch

Example:
Simple Power
MOSFET Motor
Controller
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