Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
1.!
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2.!
What are enzymes? Be able to describe the chemical nature of enzymes and their
function in biochemical reactions.
How do enzymes work, and why are they so specific? Be able to provide an
overview of what happens as one or more substrates and an enzyme come together
so that the catalyzed reaction can occur, and be able to list the properties of enzymes
that make their specificity possible.
3.!
What effects do temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate
concentration have on enzyme activity? Be able to describe the changes in enzyme
activity that result when temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, or substrate
concentration change.
4.!
How is enzyme activity regulated? Be able to define and identify feedback control,
allosteric control, reversible and irreversible inhibition, inhibition by covalent
modification, and genetic control of enzymes.
5.!
What are vitamins? Be able to describe the two major classes of vitamins, the
reasons vitamins are necessary in our diets, and the general results of excesses or
deficiencies.
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
1.!
What are enzymes?
Enzyme:
Active site:
Substrate:
Specificity (enzyme):
Thrombin:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Catalase:
Specificity of Enzymes:!
Lactate Dehydrogenase:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Turnover number:
Cofactor:
Coenzyme:
Why are cofactors necessary?
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Classification of enzymes:
Oxidoreductases:
Transferases:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Hydrolases:
Ligases:
Isomerases:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Lyases:
Naming Enzymes:
1.
2.
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
3.
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
2.!
How do enzymes work, and why are they so specific?
Lock and Key:
Induced Fit Model:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Properties of enzymes that make their specificity possible.
1.
2.
3.
4.
10 Feb 18, 2010
Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
3.!
What effects do temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate
concentration have on enzyme activity? Concentration:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Effect on temperature and pH on Enzyme Activity:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
4.!
How is enzyme activity regulated?
Activation:
Inhibition:
Feedback Control:
Allosteric Control:
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
Reversible Inhibition
Irreversible Inhibition
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Chapter 19: Enzymes and Vitamins
covalent modification :
zymogens or proenzymes:
Genetic (enzyme) control:
5.!
What are vitamins? Vitamin:
15 Feb 18, 2010