FIRE SAFETY SCIENCEPROCEEDINGS
OF THE FIFTH
INTERNATIONAL
SYMPOSIUM
Editor
Yuji Hasemi Dr.Eng
Tsukuba, Japan
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
FOR FIRE SAFETY SCIENCE
Copyright © International Association for Fire Safety Science
The cover flames were drawn by Dr. Y. Hasenli of the Building Research Inst~tute,Tsukuba,
Japan, based o n photographs taken by Prof. E. E. Z u k o s k ~of Califorina Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California, USA.
LIBRARY O F CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Fire safety science: proceedings of the fifth international symposium
leditor, Yuji Hasemi; International Assoc~ationfor Fire Safety Science.
'The Fifth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science was held at the
World Congress Centre, Melbourne, Australia, from 3-7 March 1997.'
Includes references and index.
ISBK 4-9900625-5-5 International Xssociation for Fire Safety Science.
1. Fire prevention-Congresses. 2. Fire-Cong~essess.
I. Hasemi, Yuji. 11. International Association tor. Fire Safety Science.
IV. Iilternational Symposium 011 Fire Safety Science 15th; 1997;
World Congress Centre, hlelbourne)
T H 9112.F5629 1997.
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Preface
The Fifth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science was held at the World
Congress Centre, Melbourne, Australia, from 3 7 March 1997. There were 311
registrants attending three parallel sessions in which 107 papers were presented
and the poster session in which 40 posters were displayed. Twenty eight
countries and districts were represented: Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium,
Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, Israel,
Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, the Peoples Republic of
China, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, the
United Kingdom and the United States of America.
Opening remarks were given by Professor Vaughan Beck, Arrangements
Committee Chair. Welcoming addresses were given by the Honorable
R.Maclellan, MLA, Minister for Planning and Local Government of Victoria, and
Professor J.Quintiere, Chairman of the International Association for Fire Safety
Science. Following the opening ceremony, Dr. Tadahisa Jin delivered the
Howard W. Emmons Plenary Lecture entitled "Studies on Human Behavior and
Tenability in Fire Smoke".
Papers were accepted on the basis of their quality and originality in the
science of fire safety and its applications. 100 papers from the 195 papers
submitted were accepted after the peer review by international experts in fire
safety science. In addition to these and the plenary lecture, six invited papers
were also presented during the course of the symposium by Professor Vaughan
Beck, Professor Sven Erik Magnusson, Professor Frank A. Albini, Professor A.
Korolchenko, Mr. Cheng Yao and Professor Shin'ichi Sugahara. The importance of
the poster presentation was emphasized at this symposium, especially for the
introduction of the latest research findings, on-going research projects and other
research results which can be more suitably presented in poster format. 40
posters, selected following a review process, were displayed.
At the Award Reception and Banquet, Dr. Tadahisa Jin was presented with the
H.W.Emmons Invited Lectureship Award. The Kawagoe Award for a lifelong
career achievement in and contribution to fire safety was presented to Dr. Philip
H. Thomas by Professor Pagni. Professor Patrick J. Pagni presented the Philip
Thomas Medal of Excellence for the best paper from the Fourth Symposium. The
paper, by B.Z.Dlugogorski, J.R. Mawhinney and V.H.Duc, was entitled "The
Measurement of Heat Release Rate by Oxygen Consumption Calorimetry in Fires
Under Suppression". The award was received by Dr.Dlugogorski. A special award
was presented for the best poster at the Fifth Symposium. Professor Vaughan
Beck presented this award to Dr.Tokiyoshi Yamada, Ms.Keiko Suzuki, Dr.Akihiko
Hokugo and Prof.Koji Shida for the poster entitled "Investigation into Fires and
General Public Behaviors Following the Great Hanshin Earthquake".
These proceedings include all papers and poster abstracts delivered at the
symposium with seven invited papers collected together in an opening section.
-
One invited paper, which was not presented at the symposium, is not included.
The Association would like to record its gratitude to all the committees
appointed to organize the various aspects of this successful symposium and the
international fire research experts who volunteered the review of the submitted
papers. It would particularly like to thank Professor Vaughan Beck, Chair of the
Arrangements Committee and his team for their efficient organization of an
enjoyable and technically valuable symposium, and Professor T.Hirano, Professor
G.Cox, Dr.A.Sekizawa, Professor S.E.Magnusson and Dr. J. Hall who coordinated
the reviews of submitted manuscripts. The Chair of the Publications Committee
would like to thank Dr.Yoshihiko Hayashi of Building Research Institute(6RI) and
Dr.G.C.Ramsay of Scientific Services Laboratory for their valuable assistance and
Ms.Yuko Higuchi of BRI for her unstinting support.
The Association acknowledges the support of the following organizations for
their generous contributions which helped ensure the success of the symposium:
Altman & Chemy
Arup Fire Engineering
Building Control Commission, Victoria
CSlRO Building Construction & Engineering
National Fire Laboratory, Institute for Research in Construction, National
Research Council Canada
Scientific Services Laboratory, Australian Government Analytical Laboratories
Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Warrington Fire Research Ltd(Aust)
Yuji Hasemi
Chair, Publications Committee
Tsukuba, Japan
March 1997
Symposium Committees
ARRANGEMENTS COMMITTEE
V. Beck(Chair)
R. Balsillie
A. Buchanan
V. Dowling
D.D. Drysdale
P. England
Y. Hasemi
T. Hirano
M. Horasan
6.James
P. Johnson
S. Kennett
L. Lavelle
P. Lund
J.G. Quintiere
G.C. Ramsay
J. K. Richardson
I. Thomas
PROGRAMME COMMITTEE
T. Hirano(Chair)
G.Cox
D.D.Evans
W. Fan
J.R.Hall
S.E.Magnusson
J.G.Quintiere
G.C.Ramsay
A.Sekizawa
T.J.Shields
P.H.Thomas
PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE
IAFSS AWARDS COMMITTEE
SYMPOSIUM AWARDS
COMMITTEE
POSTER AWARDS COMMITTEE
International Association for Fire Safety Science
The Association was founded in 1985 at its first Symposium with the primary
objectives of encouraging research in the science of preventing and mitigating
the adverse effects of fires and of providing a forum for presenting the results
such research. Membership is open to all having these interests. In 1988, it
became a registered charity in England and Wales.
The Association is governed by the Committee and its officers. At the 5th
International Symposium on Fire Safety Science held in Melbourne, the following
Committee and its officers were elected.
Prof. T. Hirano (Japan), Chair
Dr. D. D. Drysdale (UK), Vice-Chair
Prof. P. J. Pagni (USA), Vice-Chair
Prof. Y. Uehara (Japan), Vice-Chair
Dr. P. Beever (Australia), Treasurer
Dr. R. Friedman (USA), Secretary
Prof. G. Cox (UK), Executive member
Prof. Fan Weicheng(China), Executive member
Prof. J. G. Quintiere(USA), Past-Chair
Prof. V. K. Bulgakov (Russia)
Dr. M. R. Curtat (France)
Prof. M. Fontana (Switzerland)
Dr. J. R. Hall (USA)
Dr. Y. Hasemi (Japan)
Dr. T. Kashiwagi (USA)
Prof. M. Kokkala (Finland)
Prof. S. E. Magnusson (Sweden)
Mr. H. E. Nelson (USA)
Dr. G. C. Ramsay (Australia)
Dr. 0 . Sugawa (Japan)
Dr. P. H. Thomas (UK)
Prof. R. B. Williamson (USA)
Dr. D. Yung (Canada)
The Association would like to express its appreciation to retiring Committee
members for their many contributions:
Dr. P. G. Seeger (Germany)
Prof. T. Terai (Japan)
Dr. W. D. Wooley (UK)
We suffer grief at the losses of Professor K. Kawagoe and Professor 0 . J.
Rasbash who were the members of the Committee at the foundation of the
Association. On behalf of the Association, I express my sincere gratitude for their
outstanding contribution to the Association.
Over the last two and half years the Association has taken steps to secure its
operations and extend its activities. Several regional activities have been
performed with great success. Those include the First European Regional IAFSS
Symposium held at the Eidgenossische Technishe Hochschule in Zurich,
Switzerland, the Second Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and
Technology held at the Khabarovsk State University of Technology in Khabarovsk,
Russia, and the First International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards of
Substances and the Venting of Deflagrations, held in the Cosmos Hotels of
Moscow, Russia. The contribution of the Organizing Committees of these
meetings represented by Profs. Fontana, Bulgakov, and Korolchenko should be
appreciated.
In Asia-Oceania region, three seminars on fire science and
technology were held at Bali Island, 1994, Khabarovsk, 1995, and Hefei, 1996 as a
part of IAFSS regional activities. Prof. Quintiere visited the University of Sao
Paulo, attending a conference on fire safety and discussing with them plans
concerning the development of educational programs in fire safety. We look
forward to our colleagues in South America joining in the activities of the IAFSS.
We should also appreciate the contribution of Dr. Hall as the editor of IAFSS
Newsletters and that of Prof. Magnusson as the chairman of the IAFSS Education
Subcommittee. The IAFSS Newsletters are a unique means of communication for
fire researchers and engineers not only of IAFSS members but also for nonmembers. By the efforts of Prof. Magnusson, a group interested in fire education
has been established, which is indispensable to grow up young fire researchers
and engineers.
The Association seeks ways to use its resources to promote the exchange of
fire research activities throughout the world, and to assist areas and individuals in
need in order that they might participate. In 1995, gifts of $ 8,500 each were
bestowed on the fire education programs at the Fire Science Center, University
of New Brunswick and at the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
British Columbia, Canada. These gifts were made in recognition of the
successful Fourth Symposium held in Ottawa in 1995. Any comments for the
Association are welcome.
Toshisuke Hirano, Chair IAFSS
IAFSS Administrative Office
c / o Society of Fire Protection Engineers
One Liberty Square
Boston, MA 0219-4825 USA
Tel: +1-617-482-0686
Fax: +1-617-482-8184
In Memoriam
Professor Kunio Kawagoe
12th December 1920 2nd November 1994
-
Only in a half year after the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Safety
Science, the fire research commuity learned of the passing of Professor Kunio
Kawagoe, one of the IAFSS founders. He served as an IAFSS Vice-Chairman from
its founding in 1985 until 1991. For his role as an international pioneer in fire safety
science and lifetime contribution to fire research and its application to practice, he
received a numbers of honors including the Emmons Lectureship of IAFSS in 1988
and the Grand Prize of the Architectural lnstitute of Japan in 1994. The IAFSS
medal in his name was also established at the Fourth International Symposium. He
was very much looking forward to attending the Symposium, although his operation
prevented him to come. However, he did not lose strong interest in fire research
until the very end of his life. Professor Kawagoe graduated from the University of
Tokyo in 1942, and began his illustrious research career at Building Research
Institute in 1946 where he served as the Director General from 1969 to 1972. In
1973 he became a professor at the School of Science and Engineering of the
Science University of Tokyo. He started there the Center for Fire Science and
Technology in 1981 with Professor Takashi Handa. He served as the Dean of the
School from 1980 to 1984 and the Director of the Center from 1986 to 1991. His
interest covered quite wide areas and always encouraged young scientists to
make a new attempt in fire research. He started his long international activity in
1960 when he spent a year at the Fire Research Station at Borehamwood as the
first Japanese fire scientist to stay in Europe. He was the main prop of the bridge
between the West and the East in fire research for long time. He was a good
internationalist(Dr.P.H.Thomas,former IAFSS Chairman) and will be remembered
for his personal warmth and his distinctive works in fire science.
In Memoriam
Professor David Rasbash
14th May 1921 - 27th January 1997
Professor David Rasbash passed away earlier this year after a long illness. All
of his professional life was dedicated to fire research and education. His fund of
knowledge and understanding of Fire Safety Science and his great enthusiasm for
the subject will be greatly missed. He will be best remembered as the first
Professor of Fire Engineering, a post which he assumed at the University of
Edinburgh in 1973 after a long and distinguished career at the Fire Research
Station, Borehamwood. His contributions to the field are numerous, and cover a
wide range of topics, including the dynamics of pool fires, the suppression of fires
by water sprays, and the propagation and venting of gas explosions. At Edinburgh
University, he was responsible for creating the first post-graduate course in Fire
Safety Engineering, and established a curriculum which has proved to be the
foundation for others that have followed. In 1975, he organized a symposium on
"Fire Safety of Combustible Materials" which brought together the international fire
research community for the first time. From 1979 - 1988, he was Editor of Fire
Safety Journal, a task which he undertook with characteristic enthusiasm and
commitment, applying his own exacting standards to create a high quality research
publication. Although he took early retirement in 1982, he continued to contribute to
the field, nationally within the UK with the formation and development of the
Society of Fire Safety Engineers(later to become the Institute of Fire Safety), and
internationally with the IAFSS during its formative years. Sadly, his last years were
plagued by ill health which he bore with courage and fortitude, while working as
the lead author of a text book "The Evaluation of Fire Safety". This will be
completed by others, and will be an appropriate professional memorial to a man
who was a visionary in his field.
Reviewers
Kathleen Almand, American Iron & Steel Inst.
Ronald L. Alpert, Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
Norman Alvares, Consultant
Yngve Anderberg, Fire Safety Design
Arvind Atreya, Univ. Michigan
Kalyan Awnamala, Texas A&M
J. Backovsky, Lawrence Livermore Nat'l Labo.
David Barillo, US Army Inst. Surgional Res
Jonathan Barnett. Worcester Polytech. Inst.
Howard R. Baum, NlST
Alan N. Beard, Heriot-Watt Univ.
Vaughan Beck, Victoria Univ. Tech.
Ian Bennetts, BHP Res. Melbourne Labo.
Douglas Beller, NFPA
Craig Beyler, Hughes Associates
Robert G.Bill Jr., Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
Xavier Bodart, CSTB Service Securite Feu
Vincent Brannigan, Univ. Maryland
Emil Braun, NlST
Patricia Brennan, Victoria Univ. Tech.
Richard Bukowski, NlST
Robert Cheng, Lawrence Berkeley Nat'l Labo.
Y-X Cheng, Chinese Academy of Labour Sci.
Wan K i Chow, Hong Kong Polytech. Univ.
Paul Clancy, Victoria Univ. Tech.
Frederic B. Clarke, BenjaminKlarke Associates
Thomas G. Cleary, NlST
Geoffrey Cox, BRE. Fire Res. Station
Richard Custer, Custer Powell, Inc.
Maria Da Graca, Carvalho Inst. Superiore Tec.
John de Ris, Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
Michael Delichatsios, Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
Wu Deyou, Southwest Forestry College
Colomba D i Blasi, Univ. Napoli Federico II
Marino D i Marzo, Univ. Maryland
B.Z. Dlugogorski, Univ. Newcastle
H.A. Donegan, Univ. Ulster
J.C. Dotreppe
Vincent P. Dowling, CSlRO
Dougal Drysdale, Univ. Edinburgh
Duy Duong, CSlRO
Thor I. Eklund. Federal Aviation Administration
Paul England, Warrington Fire Res. Centre
David D. Evans, NlST
G.M. Faeth, Univ. Michigan
Rita Fahy, NFPA
Weicheng Fan, Univ. Sci. & Tech. China
A.C. Fernandez-Pello Univ. California, Berkeley
Andrew Fowell, NlST
Charles Fleischmann, Univ. Canterbury
Jean-Marc Franssen, Univ. Liege
Hakan Frantzich, Lund Univ.
Raymond Friedman, Factory Mutual Res.Corp.
E. R. Galea, Univ. Greenwich
Richard G. Gann, NlST
Ahmed F. Ghoniem, Massachusetts Inst. Tech.
William Grosshandler, NlST
Ephraim J. Gutmark, Louisiana State Univ.
George Hadjisophocleous, NRC Canada
lchiro Hagiwara, Building Res. Inst.
John R. Hall, NFPA
Anthony Hamins, NlST
Kazunori Harada, Building Res. Inst.
Yuji Hasemi, Building Res. Inst.
A.M. Hasofer, Cesare, Victoria Univ. Tech.
Hiroshi Hayasaka, Hokkaido Univ.
Yaping He, Victoria Univ. Tech.
Gunnar Heskestad, Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
T. Hirata, Forestry & Forest Products Res. Inst.
Akihiko Hokugo, Building Res. Inst.
Goran Holmsted, Lund Univ.
Mahmut Horasan, Victoria Univ. Tech.
D. Hosser
Hirobumi Hotta, Bosai Consultants Corp.
Per J. Hovde, Norwegian Univ. Sci. & Tech.
M.C. Hui, Warrington Fire Res. Australia
Hiroki Ishida, Nagaoka Nat'l College Tech.
Hiromitsu Ishii, Nihon Univ.
Satoru Ishizuka, Hiroshima Univ.
Akihiko Ito, Oita Univ.
T. Jin, Fire Protection Equip. & Safety Center
Walter W. Jones, NlST
Pierre Joulain, CNRS - ENSMA
A. Kamei, Nat'l Res. Inst. Fire &Disaster
Bjorn Karlsson, Lund Univ.
A. Karpov, Khabarovsk State Univ. Tech.
lsao Kasahara, Taisei Corp.
Takashi Kashiwagi, NlST
Shinsuke Kato, Univ. Tokyo
S. Kennett. Australian Defence Sci. & Tech. Org.
Andrew K. Kim, NRC Canada
B.R. Kirby, British Steel]
John Klote, NlST
Akio Kodaira,Takenaka Corp.
Venkatesh Kodur, NRC Canada
Matti Kokkala, VTT Building Tech.
Miroslaw Kosiorek, Inst. Tech. Budowlanej
Anil K. Kulkarni, Pennsylvania State Univ.
Yoshio Kumagai, Univ. Tsukuba
S. Kumar, BRE, Fire Res. Station
Margaret Law, Ove Arup & Partners
Bernard Levin, Consultant
S.K. Liew, WS Atkins Consultants
F.C. Lockwood, Imperial College
H. Luck, Gerhard-Mercator Univ. Duisburg
Mingchun Luo, Victoria Univ. Tech.
Sven Erik Magnusson, Lund Univ.
Georgy Makhvilade, Univ. Central Lancashire
Nicolas Markatos, Nat'l Tech. Univ. Athens
James M. McDonough, Univ. Kentucky
Kevin McGrattan, NlST
William Mell, NlST
Edwin Metcalfe
James Milke, Univ. Maryland
Henri E. Mitler, NlST
Yun Soo Mok, Pusan Nat'l Univ.
Ian Moone, Sci. Services Labo.
Masahiro Morita, Sci. Univ. Tokyo
J.B. Moss, Cranfield Univ.
Keith Muodie, Health & Safety Labo.
Yoshiteru Murosaki, Kobe Univ.
Yoon Myong-0, Myong-Ji Univ.
lchiro Nakaya, Building Res. Inst.
Jeffrey Newman, Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
Markatos Nicolas, Nat'l Tech. Univ. Athens
Kathy A. Notarianni, NlST
David O'Connor, Univ. Ulster
T.J. Ohlemiller, NlST
Hideo Ohtani, Yokohama Nat'l Univ.
Lawrence Orloff, Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
Tomio Ouchi, Kajima Corp.
Patrich J. Pagni, Univ. California, Berkeley
William J. Parker, Consultant
K.A. Pericleous, Univ. Greenwich
Carl Peterson, Sandia Nat'l Labo.
Ove Pettersson, Lund Univ.
Larry Pietrzak, Toyon Res. Corp.
William M. Pitts, NlST
John H. Pohl, El Energy Internat'l
Leong Poon, BHP Res.
Guylene Proulx, NRC Canada
Cheng Qian, Univ. Kentucky
James Quintiere, Univ. Maryland
G.C. Ramsay, Sci. Services Labo.
Ronald G. Rehm, NlST
Ekkehard Richter
Richard J. Roby, Hughes Associates
John A. Rockett, Consultant
Henry J. Roux, Roux Internat'l
Kozo Saito, Univ. Kentucky
Naoshi Saito, Nat'l Res. Inst. Fire &Disaster
Kenji Sato, Toho Univ.
Hiroomi Satoh, Kajima Corp.
S. E. Charles Scawthorn, EQE Internat'l
U. Schneider, Tech. Univ. Wien
Ai Sekizawa, Nat'l Res. Inst. Fire & Disaster
Kouji Shida, Nagaoka City Univ.
James Shields, Univ. Ulster
Merwin Sibulkin, Brown Univ.
Martin Sichel, Univ. Michigan
Gordon W. H. Silcock, Univ. Ulster
Jonathan Sime, Jonathan Sime Assoc.
D.A. Smith, BRE, Fire Res. Station
Edwin E. Smith, Ohio State Univ.
Kenneth Steckler, NlST
David Stroup, NlST
Shinichi Sugahara, Univ. Tokyo
Osami Sugawa, Sci. Univ. Tokyo
Mohamed A. Sultan, NRC Canada
Fumiaki Takahashi, Univ. Dayton
Tohru Takahashi, Tokyo Fire Dept.
Takeyoshi Tanaka, Building Res. Inst.
Toshio Terai, Kinki Univ.
Ian Thomas, BHP Res. Melbourne Labo.
P.H. Thomas, Consultant
Peter Thompson, Univ. Edinburgh
James T'ien, Case Western Reserve Univ.
Jose Torero, Univ. Maryland
Makoto Tsujimoto, Nagoya Univ.
Takashi Tsuruda, Univ. Tokyo
L. Twilt, TNO
Shigeo Uehara, Takenaka Corp.
Yoichi Uehara, Sci. Univ. Tokyo
Hideki Uesugi, Chiba Univ.
Takao Wakamatsu, Sci. Univ. Tokyo
Xingshen Wang, China Univ. Mining & Tech.
Y Wang, BRE, Structural Design Div.
John Watts, Fire Safety Inst.
Dingyuan Wen, Central-South Forestry Univ.
R. Wighus, SINTEF-Norwegian Fire Res. Lab.
Forman A. Williams, Univ. California San Diego
Robert B. Williamson, Univ. California Berkeley
Kolesnikov B. Yakovlevich, Kazakh State Univ.
T. Yamada, Nat'l Res. Inst. Fire & Disaster
Yukio Yamauchi, Hochiki Corp.
John Yang, NlST
Yoshiro Yashiro, Shimizu Corp.
Yoshiyuki Yoshida, Takenaka Corp.
Hong-Zeng Yu, Factory Mutual Res. Corp.
David Yung, NRC Canada
Session Chai rs
PLENARY LECTURE
FlRE PHYSICS AND MODELLING
INVITED LECTURES
STOCHASTIC MODELLING AND
FlRE RISK
Fl RE BEHAVIOUR OF
MATERIALS
J.Hall
T.J.Shields
I. Bennetts
D.Yung
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND
EGRESS
FLU1D MECHANICS
FlRE SPREAD
Fl RE DETECTION AND
SUPPRESSlON
SPECIALIZED TOPICS
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR
APPLICATIONS
P.Beever
M.Janssens
K.Harada
A.Buchanan
Fl RE CHEMISTRY
xiv
Contents
Preface
iii
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Association for F i r e Safety S c i e n c e
In Memoriam
-
Professor Kunio Kawagoe
vii
In Memoriam
-
Professor David Rasbash
viii
Symposium C o m m i t t e e s
Reviewers
v
ix
x
Session C h a i r s
xiii
INVITED LECTURES
S t u d i e s o n Human Behavior and Tenability i n F i r e S m o k e
T a d a h i s a Jin
3
P e r f o r m a n c e - b a s e d F i r e Engineering D e s i g n and its A p p l i c a t i o n i n
Australia
Vaughan B e c k
23
Risk Assessment
S v e n Erik Magnusson
41
An O v e r v i e w of Research on W i l d l a n d F i r e
Frank A. Albini
59
A s p e c t s of F i r e Research Activities i n Russia
A. K o r o l c h e n k o
75
O v e r v i e w of S p r i n k l e r Technology Research
Cheng Yao
93
B u i l d i n g F i r e s a f e t y D e s i g n against a L a r g e Earthquake
- B a s e d on t h e 1995 Kobe-Hanshin Earthquake
S h i n ' i c h i Sugahara
111
FlRE BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS, FLUID MECHANICS, FlRE SPREAD, FlRE
PHYSICS, FlRE MODELLING AND FlRE CHEMISTRY
A P r o c e d u r e for P r e d i c t i n g t h e Heat Release Rate of F u r n i t u r e
C o m p o s i t e s from Mesurements on t h e i r Components
129
W i l l i a m J. P a r k e r
D e t e r m i n a t i o n of F i r e Exposure Heat Flux i n C a b l e F i r e T e s t s
Pravinray D.Gandhi, Loren C a u d i l l , James Hoover a n d Tom C h a p i n
141
C r i t i c a l Mass Pyrolysis Rates for Extinction of F i r e s over S o l i d
Materials
M i c h a e l A. Delichatsios a n d Mary M . Delichatsios
153
I s s u e s A s s o c i a t e d w i t h Combustibility Classification: A l t e r n a t e T e s t
Concepts
Frederic B. Clarke
165
T h e E f f e c t of S a m p l e Size on the Heat Release Rate of C h a r r i n g
Materials
S t e v e n J. R i t c h i e , Kenneth D. S t e c k l e r , Anthony Hamins, Thomas G.
C l e a r y , Jiann C. Yang a n d Takashi Kashiwagi
177
A T h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l Mathematical M o d e l for t h e Pyrolysis of W e t
Wood
R . Yuen. R.Casey. G . d e Vahl Davis, E.Leonardi, G.H.Yeoh,
V. C h a n d r a s e k a r a n a n d S. J. Grubits
189
Simulations of S w i r l i n g F i r e s C o n t r o l l e d b y C h a n n e l e d S e l f - g e n e r a t e d
Entrainment Flows
K . Satoh a n d K . T . Yang
201
M o d e l l i n g t h e F i r e b a l l s from Methane Releases
G .M . M a k h v i l a d z e , J . P. Roberts and S. E. Yakush
xvi
213
F i r e s i n I n c l i n e d Trenches: the Effects of Trench a n d Burner Geometry
on t h e C r i t i c a l Angle
P. J. Woodburn a n d D.D. Drysdale
225
The Balcony S p i l l Plume-Some CFD Simulations
S. M i l e s , S. Kumar a n d G. Cox
237
Flow Behavior of E j e c t e d F i r e Flame/Plume from an Opening E f f e c t e d
b y External S i d e W i n d
O s a m i Sugawa, Daisuke Momita and Wataru Takahashi
249
Flame a n d Plume Behavior i n and near a Corner of Walls
Wataru Takahashi, Osami Sugawa, Hirokazu Tanaka a n d Masanori
Ohtake
261
F l a m e Inclination with Induced Wind through Inlet Opening i n a Tall
a n d Narrow Atrium
H.Satoh, 0 . Sugawa and H. Kurioka
273
An E m p i r i c a l M o d e l for Upward Flame Spread over Vertical Flat a n d
Corner Walls
C h e n g Q i a n a n d Kozo Saito
285
A Computer M o d e l of Upward Flame Spread on Vertical Surfaces
C r a i g L. B e y l e r , Sean P. Hunt, Naeem l q b a l a n d F r e d e r i c k W.
Williams
297
U p w a r d Flame Spread on Wooden Surface Products: Experiments a n d
Numerical M o d e l l i n g
M a t t i K o k k a l a , D j e b a r Baroudi and W i l l i a m J . P a r k e r
309
Mathematical Models for Wind-Aided Flame Spread of Floor
Coverings
P. Van H e e s a n d P. V a n d e v e l d e
321
In-Rack F i r e Plumes
Haukur lngason
333
CFD Simulation of Upward Flame Spread over Fuel Surface
Z h e n g h u a Yan a n d Goran Holmstedt
345
F l a m e S p r e a d over a C e l l u l o s e Sheet P e r m e a t e d w i t h an A d h e s i v e
L i j i n g Gao, Ritsu Dobashi and Toshisuke Hirano
357
N u m e r i c a l Simulation of Combustible L i q u i d Behavior a n d
T e m p e r a t u r e D i s t r i b u t i o n i n a S o l i d - l i q u i d M i x e d Layer d u r i n g F l a m e
S p r e a d over I t
Kazunori Kuwana, Masataro Suzuki, Ritsu Dobashi a n d Toshisuke
367
Hirano
F l a m e H e a t Transfer and Concurrent Flame S p r e a d i n a C e i l i n g F i r e
Yuji H a s e m i , Masashi Yoshida, Yutaka Yokobayashi a n d T a k a o
379
Wakamatsu
Transport b y Gravity Currents i n B u i l d i n g Fires
Ronald G . Rehm, K e v i n B. McGrattan, Howard R. Baum a n d K e v i n
W. C a s s e l
391
V e n t i l a t i o n E f f e c t s on Compartment F i r e Characterization
M i c h e l l e J. Peatross a n d C r a i g L. B e y l e r
403
E f f e c t s of Ventilation on t h e Compartment Enhanced Mass Loss Rate
C . M . F l e i s c h m a n n a n d A. R. Parkes
415
F l a m e H e i g h t s of F u e l Arrays with Combustion i n D e p t h
Gunnar H e s k e s t a d
427
T h e P r e d i c t i o n of F i r e Propagation i n Enclosure F i r e s
F. J i a , E.R. G a l e a a n d M.K.Pate1
439
O n Zone M o d e l s for Flashover
T.L. Graham, G.M . Makhviladze and J. P. Roberts
451
C F D M o d e l l i n g of Combustion and Heat Transfer i n C o m p a r t m e n t
Fires
M . J. L e w i s . J.B. Moss and P.A. Rubini
463
M o d e l i n g on t h e Interaction of the Turbulent Diffusion F l a m e s
b e t w e e n a V e r t i c a l Burning Wall and a Pool F i r e
H. Y. W a n g a n d P. Joulain
475
xviii
A N e w N u m e r i c a l Calculation M e t h o d for Zone M o d e l i n g to P r e d i c t
S m o k e M o v e m e n t i n B u i l d i n g Fires
W e i c h e n g Fan a n d Xinwei Wang
487
U n s t e a d y B u r n i n g Rates of Small Pool F i r e s
H i r o s h i Hayasaka
499
T h r e e D i m e n s i o n a l Simulations of F i r e Plume Dynamics
H.R. Baum, K.B.McGrattan a n d R.G. Rehm
511
T h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l M o d e l i n g of Intumescent Behavior i n F i r e s
Kathryn M.Butler, Howard R. Baum and Takashi Kashiwagi
523
An A l g o r i t h m for Estimating Carbon Monoxide Formation i n Enclosure
Fires
W i l l i a m M . Pitts
535
A D y n a m i c a l Systems M o d e l of Autoignition i n the C o n e C a l o r i m e t e r
M.I. Nelson
547
S t o i c h i o m e t r i c Combustion M o d e l with Oxygen Threshold
I m p r o v e d P r e d i c t i o n s for F i r e Simulation Using a CFD M o d e l
M i n g c h u n L u o a n d Vaughan B e c k
559
T h e E f f e c t of DDS-Inhibitors on Suppressing t h e Spontaneous I g n i t i o n
of C o a l
Xilin D o n g a n d Dougal Drysdale
571
STOCHASTIC MODELLING, FIRE RISK, HUMAN BEHAVIOUR, EGRESS, FIRE
DETECTION, SUPPRESSION AND SPECIALIZED TOPICS
T h e U s e of P r o b a b i l i s t i c Networks to Evaluate Passive F i r e P r o t e c t i o n
Measures in Hospitals
Raymond J. Connoly and David A. Charters
583
A P e r f o r m a n c e - b a s e d Approach for F i r e Safety E n g i n e e r i n g :
a C o m p r e h e n s i v e E n g i n e e r i n g Risk Analysis Methodology, a C o m p u t e r
M o d e l a n d a Case Study
M . K . M a t h e w s , D. M . Karydas and M.A. Delichatsios
595
xix
Structural F i r e D e s i g n : The Role of T i m e Equivalence
G.C. Thomas, A. H. Buchanan a n d C.M . Fleischmann
607
M o d e l l i n g C o n c e p t s for t h e Risk-cost Assessment M o d e l FIRE CAM^^
a n d i t s A p p l i c a t i o n t o a Canadian Government O f f i c e B u i l d i n g
D.Yung, G. V. Hadjisophocleous and G. Proulx
619
Risk Assessment of Factors R e l a t e d to F i r e Protection i n D w e l l i n g s
631
Jeremy Fraser-Mitchell
B u i l d i n g F i r e Scenarios - Some F i r e I n c i d e n t Statistics
V i n c e P. D o w l i n g a n d G. C a i r d Ramsay
643
T h e D e f i n i t i o n of Scenarios for t h e CESARE-RISK M o d e l
L o n g d e Zhao a n d Vaughan B e c k
655
D e r i v a t i o n of Partial Safety Factors for F i r e Safety Evaluation U s i n g
the Reliability Index P M e t h o d
H a k a n Frantzich, B j o r n Holmquist, Johan Lundin, S v e n Erik
667
Magnusson a n d J e s p e r Ryden
F i r e R i s k Assessment Using M u l t i a t t r i b u t e Evaluation
679
John M . Watts. Jr.
Q u a n t i f y i n g F i r e Risk for Telecommunications N e t w o r k I n t e g r i t y
E d w a r d K. B u d n i c k , L a w r e n c e A. McKenna, Jr. a n d John M. Watts,Jr.
691
C o n c e p t s of a Performance-Based B u i l d i n g Regulatory S y s t e m for t h e
United States
B r i a n J. M e a c h a m
701
Human Behavior i n t h e W o r l d Trade Center Evacuation
Rita F. Fahy a n d G u y l e n e Proulx
713
S i m u l e x 3.0: M o d e l l i n g Evacuation i n Multi-Storey B u i l d i n g s
P e t e r Thompson, Jianhua Wu and Eric Marchant
725
A V i e w t o t h e Requirement of Designated Refuge Floors i n H i g h - r i s e
B u i l d i n g s i n Hong Kong
S i u M i n g L o a n d Barry F. W i l l
737
Assessment of the Probabilities that Staff and/or Patients w i l l D e t e c t
F i r e s i n Hospitals
D a v i d A. C h a r t e r s , Jonathan R. Barnett, M i c h a e l Shannon, P e t e r
747
Harrod, Daniel Shea a n d Kevin Morin
A Consideration on Common Path L e n g t h and Single Stairway
l c h i r o H a g i w a r a , Takeyoshi Tanaka a n d Yoshio M i m u r a
759
Occupant D e c i s i o n M a k i n g in O f f i c e Building F i r e Emergencies:
E x p e r i m e n t a l Results
W e n d y L. Saunders
771
T h e T i m e D e l a y t o Start Evacuation: Review of F i v e Case Studies
G u y l e n e Proulx a n d Rita F. Fahy
783
A d v a n c e d Occupant Behavioural Features of the building-EXODUS
Evacuation M o d e l
M . O w e n , E.R. Galea, a n d P.Lawrence
795
T i m i n g Human Response i n Real Fires
P a r t r i c i a Brennan
807
Analysis of F i r e and Non-Fire Signatures for Discriminating F i r e
Detection
J a m e s A. M i l k e a n d Thomas J. McAvoy
819
E f f e c t of Water Spray on Re-ignition Characteristics of S o l i d F u e l s
B . M o g h t a d e r i , V. Novozhilov, D.F. F l e t c h e r , J. H. K e n t a n d V.B.
Apte
829
Study on F i r e D e t e c t i o n at Cultural Assets B u i l d i n g s w i t h Botanical
Roofs
H i r o y u k i Tamura, Daisuke K o z e k i , Kunihiro Yamashita a n d Masato
841
Aizawa
Suppression of High S p e e d Flames and Quasi-detonations
W i l l i a m L. Grosshandler a n d Grzegorz W. Gmurczyk
853
T h e r m a l Sensitivity Evaluation of Recessed, Flush and C o n c e a l e d
Sprinklers
R o b e r t G. B i l l , J r . a n d Gunnar Heskestad
865
Early Suppression Fast Response(ESFR) Sprinkler Protection for 12m
H i g h Warehouses
Hsiang-Cheng Kung, Bennie G . Vincent, Tak-Sang Chan,
H o n g - Z e n g Yu a n d Paraskevas Stavrianidis
877
S u p e r d r o p M o d e l l i n g of a Sprinkler Spray in a T w o - p h a s e C F D particle T r a c k i n g Model
S. Kumar, G. M. Heywood and S. K. L i e w
889
F i r e Extinguishing Effect of Mixed Agents of Halon 1301 and Inert
Gases
Naoshi Saito, Yuko Saso, Yoshio Ogawa, Yukihisa Otsu a n d Hiroaki
Kikui
901
F i r e - i n d u c e d W i n d s in t h e 2 0 October 1991 Oakland Hills F i r e
Javier T r e l l e s a n d Patrick J. Pagni
911
Heat Absorption by W a t e r in Rack-Storaged Corrugated Cardboard
Carton Fires
Hong-Zeng Yu
923
T h e Development and Mitigation of Backdrafts: a Full-Scale
Experimental Study
D. T. Gottuk, F. W. Williams and J. P. Farley
935
T h e Performance of F i r e Protection of Buildings against t h e Fires
Following t h e Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Akihiko Hokugo
947
F i r e S p r e a d of Urban Area at the Kobe Earthquake
Yoshiro Namba, K e n j i r o Yasuno a n d Tadahiko Nishitani
xxii
959
Post-Earthquake F i r e s a n d Performance of F i r e f i g h t i n g A c t i v i t y i n t h e
Early S t a g e i n t h e 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake
AiSekizawa
971
STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR AND APPLICATIONS
A R e v i e w of Formulae for T- Equivalent
Margaret Law
985
A M o d e l F i r e Test For Parametric Testing of Half S c a l e Structural
Components
D. J. O'Connor , 6 . Moris a n d G. W .H.Silcock
997
T h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l Simulation of a Fire-Resistance Furnace
1009
S. W e l c h a n d P. Rubini
C a l c u l a t i o n of L o a d a n d Deformation Behavior of Structure E l e m e n t s
T a k i n g i n t o Account 3-Dimensional Heat Flow
H.Ohashi a n d A. Kodaira
1021
A T h e o r e t i c a l Consideration on Heat Transfer i n F i r e R e s i s t a n c e
Furnaces for Furnace Harmonization
Kazunori Harada, Yukihiro Yabuki a n d Toshio T e r a i
1033
Harmonization of t h e F i r e Severity i n Standard F i r e R e s i s t a n c e T e s t
Furnaces
M o h a m e d A. Sultan a n d M i c h a e l Denham
1045
I n f l u e n c e of Stress History Function i n the S c h n e i d e r - c o n c r e t e - m o d e l
u n d e r F i r e Attack
T a k e s h i M o r i t a , U l r i c h Schneider and J e a n - M a r c Franssen
1057
N u m e r i c a l Analysis of L o a d Bearing C a p a c i t y of C o n c r e t e - f i l l e d S t e e l
Tubular Columns Exposed to t h e Standard F i r e
H i d e k i U e s u g i , M i w a S e k i , Hironori N i w a and H i k a r u S a i t o
D e s i g n a n d Tests of P r e s t r e s s e d Concrete B e a m s
J e a n - M a r c Franssen a n d Alois Bruls
1081
xxiii
1069
F i r e Behaviour of L o n g Span Composite Floor
J o r i s H . H. F e l l i n g e r a n d L. T w i l t
1093
Behaviour of Axially Restrained S t e e l Columns d u r i n g F i r e
F a r i s A. A l i , Ian W. Sirnrns a n d D a v i d J. O'Connor
1105
T e n s i l e M e m b r a n e Action a n d t h e F i r e Resistance of S t e e l F r a m e d
Buildings
YC W a n g
1117
L a r g e S c a l e F i r e Tests: t h e B r i t i s h S t e e l European C o l l a b o r a t i v e
R e s e a r c h Programme on t h e BRE 8-Storey Frame
B.R.Kirby
1129
Analysis of T i m e of C o l l a p s e of S t e e l Columns Exposed to F i r e
V. C h a n d r a s e k a r a n a n d N . L . Mulcahy
1141
E x p e r i m e n t a l a n d N u m e r i c a l Study on the Behaviour of a S t e e l B e a m
u n d e r C e i l i n g Exposed to a L o c a l i z e d F i r e
A . P c h e l i n t s e v , Y. Hasemi. Takashi Wakarnatsu a n d Y. Yokobayashi
1153
N u m e r i c a l P r e d i c t i o n s a n d Experimental Observations of t h e
Structural Response of S t e e l Columns to H i g h T e m p e r a t u r e s
D. J. B a k e r , Y.M . Xie a n d P. H. Dayawansa
1165
M o d e l l i n g Tension Strength Behaviour of Structural L u m b e r E x p o s e d
t o E l e v a t e d Temperatures
P e t e r W. L a u a n d J. Dave B a r r e t t
1177
A M e t h o d for C a l c u l a t i n g the F i r e Resistance of E x p o s e d T i m b e r
Decks
M a r c L . Janssens
1189
C a l c u l a t i o n M o d e l for P r e d i c t i n g F i r e Resistance T i m e of T i m b e r
Members
M . T a v a k k o l - K h a h a n d W. K l i n g s c h
1201
Estimating H e a t R e l e a s e Rates from L a r g e - s c a l e Tunnel F i r e s
G e o r g e B. G r a n t a n d Dougal D r y s d a l e
1213
xxiv
Effect of Slope on Control of Smoke Flow i n Tunnel Fires
Yajue Wu, G. T . Atkinson, J.P. Stoddard a n d P. James
1225
A Numerical Study of Smoke Movement along an Inclined Coal
Conveyor
A. R. G r e e n a n d D. F. F l e t c h e r
1237
Venting of Deflagrations i n Buildings and Equipment : Universal
Correlation
V l a d i m i r M o l k o v , A.Korolchenko a n d S.Alexandrov
1249
A Real Scenario for a Ghosting Flame
L.Audouin, J. M.Such, J.C. M a l e t and C.Casselman
1261
Development of a Demountable Fire Test Corridor for Assessment of
Floor Coverings
N e v i l l e A. McArthur a n d Colin B. J o l l i f f e
1273
SMARTFIRE: an Integrated Computational Fluid Dynamics C o d e and
Expert System for Fire F i e l d Modelling
S. Taylor, E.R.Galea, M . Patel, M . Petridis, B. K n i g h t a n d J. Ewer
1285
Calculation of Free Convection Influence on the Response of Heat
Flux M e t e r s
B r o r Persson a n d Margaret Simonson
1297
Experiments on Smoke Behavior in Cavity Spaces
Part 2 The case of a cavity space with an opening at the bottom
Teruhisa Fukuda, Takeyoshi Tanaka a n d Takao Wakamatsu
1305
POSTER ABSTRACTS
The Development of an International Fire Test Standard for Facades
K u m a Sumathipala and lngolff Kothoff
1319
Kinetics of Pyrolysis and Combustion of Polyurethane Foams under
F i r e Conditions
M i n g c h u n L u o a n d Yaping He
1320
xxv
E f f e c t s of D e n s i t y a n d Thickness of a S o l i d C o m b u s t i b l e on F l a m e
S p r e a d over i t s Surface
T a k e s h i Suzuki
1321
E f f e c t s of H u m i d i t y on Downward Flame S p r e a d over C o m b u s t i b l e
Solids
Masataro Suzuki, Hiromi Kushida, Ritsu Dobashi a n d Toshisuke
Hirano
1322
A N u m e r i c a l M o d e l for Combustion and Flame S p r e a d o n F u e l
Surfaces i n B u i l d i n g F i r e s
Anthony Fernando
1323
Evaluation of t h e T e m p e r a t u r e i n s i d e a F i r e Compartment C o n s i d e r i n g
H e a t Loss Phenomena
Penh Lamuth, Francis Roy a n d Marc Cottaz
1324
C F D M o d e l l i n g of U n d e r - v e n t i l a t e d Fires Using SOFlE w i t h t h e
Flamelet Model
H e i m o Tuovinen
1325
SOFIE-Simulation of F i r e s i n Enclosures
J.B. Moss a n d P.A. Rubini
1326
O n T w o Phase Flows Accompanying Fires i n Enclosures
M. Bowman, Y. Kenyon, G. Makhviladze, J. Roberts a n d S. Yakush
1327
C F D M o d e l l i n g of Smoke Movement i n Shopping M a l l s
J e n n i f e r X. W e n
1328
P r e d i c t i o n of S m o k e S p r e a d i n Compartment B u i l d i n g s U s i n g
C o m p u t a t i o n F l u i d Dynamics
H.Y. L i , J . D . L i , M . C . Luo and S.R. Kennet
1329
Entrainment i n t o Vent Flow through an O p e n i n g
J . M . C l e m e n t a n d C.M. Fleischmann
1330
E f f e c t s of I n l e t O p e n i n g s on Natural F i r e Ventilation
B e n g t H a g g l u n d , Per W e r l i n g and Staffan Bengtson
xxvi
1331
U n c e r t a i n t y Analysis of Calorimetric Techniques U s e d i n F i r e
Experiments
P.A. E n r i g h t a n d C .M . Fleischmann
1332
F u l l - S c a l e Burn Test of a Wooden Three-storey Apartment B u i l d i n g
Y. Hayashi, Y. Hasemi, K. Nakamura, A. Hokugo, I . Hagiwara. T .
M o t e g i , M . Yoshida, T . Goto, T. Wakamatsu, 0 . Sugawa, N.
A k a b a n e , I. A b e and J. lzumi
1333
A p p l i c a t i o n of Doorway Calorimetry i n B u i l d i n g F i r e E x p e r i m e n t
Y a p i n g H e , Ian Moore, Mingchun Luo a n d Vaughan B e c k
1334
S e n s i t i v i t y Analysis of S p r i n k l e r and Thermal D e t e c t o r Response
Predictions
M . H i l d e b r a n d t , M . Luo, V. B e c k , G.C. Ramsay a n d 0. Turan
1335
E u l e r - L a g r a n g e M o d e l l i n g of F i r e / S p r i n k l e r Interactions
R.N. Mawhinney, E.R. Galea and M . K . Pate1
1336
An E n g i n e e r i n g Approach t o Fire-Fighting T a c t i c s
1337
Stefan Sardqvist
T h e S u p p r e s s i o n a n d Extinction of Class 'A' F i r e s U s i n g Water Sprays
G e o r g e B. Grant a n d Dougal Drysdale
1338
Enhancement of a Pool F i r e b y a Water M i s t
M y u n g B a e K i m , Yong J a e Jang and Myoung 0 Yoon
1339
T h e R e l e v a n c e of Cup-burner Data to Performance of Gaseous F i r e
Suppressants
B Z D l u g o g o r s k i , SA Magrabi and E M K e n n e d y
1340
P r e d i c t i n g Pressure Losses i n Pumping of C o m p r e s s e d Air F i r e f i g h t i n g Foams
BS G a r d i n e r , B Z Dlugogorski a n d GJ Jameson
1341
T h e E f f e c t of Thermal Radiation on the Stability of F i r e - f i g h t i n g Foams
SA M a g r a b i . BZ Dlugogorski and GJ Jameson
1342
xxvii
W a y g u i d a n c e Systems E f f e c t i v e i n Smoke: F i r e Safety P e r f o r m a n c e
C o n c e p t for Evacuation through Smoke
A. W. H e s k e s t a d , G . Jensen, T . Paulsen and K.S P e d e r s e n
1343
C o m p a r i s o n of U p w a r d a n d Downward Traveling E s c a p e
Atsuko Tanaka, Masayoshi Takahashi, Takeshi Komai a n d T a k e h i r o
lsei
1344
A p p l i c a t i o n of t h e P r i n c i p l e of A c c e p t a b l e Risk to t h e D e v e l o p m e n t of
B u i l d i n g F i r e Safety Regulation
1345
Arrnin W o l s k i a n d Brian Meacharn
P e r f o r m a n c e - B a s e d Design: An Engineering P e r s p e c t i v e
Doug Beller
1346
F i r e P e r f o r m a n c e of High-Performance Construction M a t e r i a l s
L.Y. C o o p e r , R.J. D e x t e r , J - M . Franssen and K . G i l v a r y
1347
T h e T h e r m a l Response of Gypsum-panel/Steel-stud Wall Systems
E x p o s e d t o F i r e Environments - A Simulation for U s e i n Z o n e - t y p e
Fire Models
L e o n a r d Y. C o o p e r
1348
C h a r r i n g of P r o t e c t e d Wood Studs
Lazaros D. Tsantaridis and B i r g i t A-L. Ostman
1349
A P r a c t i c a l E x a m p l e of a L a r g e Warehouse F i r e Analysis
Harry K . Hasegawa a n d Norman J. Alvares
1350
S c a l i n g of Combustion Products from C h e m i c a l Warehouse F i r e s
B e r i t Andersson, Vytenis Babrauskas, Goran H o l m s t e d t , S t e f a n
1351
S a r d q v i s t a n d Goran Winter
S i m u l a t e d F i r e s i n Substances of P e s t i c i d e T y p e
B e r i t Andersson, Vytenis Babrauskas, Goran H o l m s t e d t , S t e f a n
S a r d q v i s t a n d Goran Winter
1352
From S i m p l e Equations t o CFD - t h e F i r e E n g i n e e r i n g of M o d e r n
A i r p o r t T e r m i n a l B u i l d i n g s a n d Railway Stations
P e t e r Bressington, Andrew Gardiner and Peter Johnson
1353
xxviii
Investigation into Fires and General Public Behaviors Following the
Great Hanshin Earthquake
Tokiyoshi Y a m a d a , K e i k o Suzuki, Akihiko Hokugo a n d Koji S h i d a
1354
The Future of Bushfire Science
R.O. Weber
1355
The Smoke Alarm Sound Attenuation Levels of Australian Domestic
Dwellings
1356
Mahmut Horasan, Joey L a , Tracy Schneider and F e n g Z e n g
The Attenuation of Radiation from Building Fires through Fire-resistant
Glazing
G.S. Cowles
1357
Fire Research at the UK Home Office
1358
J.A. Harwood a n d D . M . S . P e a c e
Author lndex
Subject lndex
1359
1363
xxix