THATRUNSITSELF
THEENGINE
approachto harnessingenergyhas createda motorthat
An unconventional
requiresno fuel and producesno waste.lts inventorssay it is the answerto
man'stransportation
and powerproblems
BY JACKSCAGNETTI
Rationingin Effect ds WinterCatchesU.S.Shott of Fuel
Fuel ShortageMa! Cwtail Rail Service
Board h$
and w€icht, and th€ Federaland Stat€Air Resources
ganted the inventorsa permit to further prove thir ciaim by
installinsth€ EMA in test vehicles.
Autos Chokingon Oun Fumes
SmoA-Proofed
Edwif, G!ay, Sr., presjdentof Evcray, predictsproductjon
of the EMA will be comparableto presentmotols and
costs
U.S.May ApprcueGdsolineRationing
maintenancecostswill be far less."The EMA motor promises
to make the world a cl€anerplacein which to live," savsCny,
-Newa.oe!h.adllnoelrcm J.tu.rv. 1973
who has sp€nt l2 yearsdevelopingthe engine."Perfection of
the EMA notor as a generatingsource could mean the
nations."
availabilityof inexpensivepower to underdeveloped
Evcray expectsthe mMA Motor-when iailored for specilic
ATASTROPHIC PROBLEMS, alen't they? Not only
applications-to b€cone a desiredleplacementfor virtually all
are we takjng more out of lhe earth than the earth
power systemsno1' in use. The full sp€ctrumof Polsibilities
h a s r o g i v e .b u t w e \ e a l s ou s i n gw h a tw e r r k e t o r u i n
includes: (l) induslrial ensineslor rpplication of potable
welding generators, stand-by electric generators,lortable
Sitting in a small laboratory in Van Nuys. Calitornia h a
dynamometet
battery charsels,portabl€ power lools, portableliftins equipcurious cr€aiion which, basedon the resultsoi
lt\
called
ment. and industrial utility vehicles;(2) ensinesfor aericulclaims
to
be
the
solution.
other
rigid
trills,
testsand
iural equipmen! ior use on lawn tlactors, larvn mowe$, soil
the EMA (electro-magneticassociation)motor and, in tech'
and halvestins equipment, horticultu.ll €quipnent, and
nical jargon, i3 described as "digitalpulsed," "time_phas€d"
Evclay
Enterprises,
an
inigation booste! pumpsi (3) engjnesfor building and cotand "sero.controled." Deve]opedby
engine
firtn,
the
unjque
and
development
struction equipment,includiig portable building equipment,
r€search
independent
conclete nixefs, poriable conveyors,portable compressors,
transformation.
runs on the plinciple of elect!o-magneti0
and construction machinery! (4) auciaft, suiomotive and
ln terms more meaningfuLto the layman,the EMA motor
manne engines, including autonobiles, trucks. outboard
requires no fossil fuel, recycles its owr energy, creaies no
motorboats, auxiliary yacht eneines,lifeboals, light aircraft,
wasteand is exiremely quiet. lts size, iveiShtand honepower
u
\
e
.
and auxiliary slider eneines(s) ensines for household and
l
o
n
o
o
r
d
n
d
r
u
r
b
i
n
e
n
s
o
w
i
n
r a t r o sa r ec o m p a t a b l e
recreationalequipment,including small lawn mowers, snowThe EMAt only exiernal power source consists of fout
mobiles, golf carts and snowblowcrs:(6) enginesfor healy
6-volt batteries which never need rechasing and which have
transportation and stationary uses, including railroad loco_
the same life expectancyas the slandardautomobile batterypowet
and
torque
molives, ships, pumping sets for atomic reaciors,generator
motor
duplicates
the
Evcray claims the
sets. and jet aircrafi ensines;(7) miscellaneousapplications,
charactedsticsof iniernal combustion enginesof similar size
including fire-figlting pumps,air-conditioningunits for buses,
refrigeration unjts for tlucks, and special military purposes
t inc g i n e (eene!atorse!s,gasturbine,!tarter units, etc.)F U E L L E S SA N O 5 l v l O G L E 5 5 ,t h e e l e c t r o _ m a g n e e
developedby Evcray Enterprisetit purportedlyas powerful as
L I C H T N I N GA N D " h N T R 6 Y S P I K E S '
s r t u r b i n e sT. h e p r o t o i y p es h o w n
i n t e r n a cl o m b u s t i o ne n g i n e o
h e r e i s t h e s i z er e q u i r e dt o f i t a s m a l lt r l c k o r b u s .O n c et h e
'timile
Gray desc.ibesthe opeFtion of his EMA motor as
m o i o r i s i n s i a l l e d ,o n l y t h e m a i n w n e s r u n n i n gl r o m t h e
to r€-creatinglightning." He saysthe engineeringand scientific
s ill beexposed,
e n g i n et o t h e b a t t e r i ew
Po""Pi"h,upTdidlTildi"on Ensin",
2l
world has known this re-c..ation is possiblebut hasnt known
how to do it. "When lightning hits the ground, causjng a
l0-miuion-volt buildup, where does energy come from to
make it from a static charseto a lethal charge?Nobody really
R i . h a r d B . H a c l , ( n b c r g cS
r .r . .v i c ep r e r d ( n l r n L n s i n e e r i n s
for Evclay, explains how the EMA motor system operates.
"Power from the hish voltasesectior," slys Hackenberger,"is
put through a system of eleckical ci.cuitry to producea series
of high-voltage'energy spikes- The spikesare transferredto a
small control unit, which in turn operatesthe major moto!
unit. The cootml unit, acting in a nanner similar to that of a
distributor in an internll combustioa engine, regulatesthe
spikes. determinestheir polarity (whether they be north or
south) and directs their power to selectedelectro-magnets
in
the main unit. While this occus, the recycle/regeneration
system is recharginsthe batt€lieswith 60 to 120-amppulses.
The electro'magnctsarc localed on both thc rotor and stator
o f t h e l a . g em o t o . . A t t f a c t i o na n d r e p u l s i o nb e t w e e nt h e t w o
sets of magnets causesthe motor to opcrate and genelate
horsepower.Oncein motion, the motor rechargesthe batteries
as a r€lult oi the recyclehegenerationsystem. To prevent
c o n d e n s a t j oinn t h e m a i nc y l i n d e ra, h a l f - p o u n o
dirir pressure
has to be maintained. Air is routed through th€ proeranmer
for iunction0l purposes.When th€ aftbient temperatureis 90
d e 8 r e e st h, e m o l o f o p e f a l e s a 1
t 7 0d e g r € e s . "
I n s h o r t ,t h e p r i n c i p l eo f t h e € n g i n ci s t o c r e ! t ee l c c t r i c i t y
and r€cycle energy by rhe factor that every time nagnets are
energizedotf lhe peak of rlansients,a chargego€sback into
5 I N C E H E W A S A B O Y , E d c r a y h a sb e e nt a s c i n a t o b
dy the
p o s s i b l eu s e s o f m a g n e t sa n d e l e c t r i c i t y .N o w 4 8 , h e h a s
, p p l i e d s o m eu n o r t h o d o xi d e a st o t h e c h a l t e n go€f c r e r t i n ga
p o w € .s o u r c et h a i w l I r u n : n - a . h o - y w r . t h e e n v i r o . m e n t ,
T h e ' e s u l t r s t h e E l l A , w h i c . n e e d s- o f u e a - o c r e a l e sn o
Center, which is said to produc€ maximum powe! for its
weight and volune over an exceptionallylong life span.This is
achievedpartly by use of an ulira"lidtweight plastic casethat
minimizes dead weidt (energy.storingcomlonents cornlrise
more than 90 !ercent of the brtiery's weighr).Fe!tures of rhe
baitefy include exka.l.rge llates separatedby indestructible
glass-rubbe!selaratols and a specially fornulated lead oxide
composition. Two of the 6-volt batteries are used fot
operation, while the othef two serve as a reservoir. Malloly
Electric Corporation of CarsonCity, Nevada,ha! aso naoe a
najor contribution toward the designof the electronicpulsing
L O N C . R A N G EA N D P O W E R F U L
E L E C T R O N I C SE X P E R T R i c h a r dH a c k e n b e r q earn, E v G r a y
v i c e - p r e s i d e an nt d a f o r m e re n g i n e ew
r ith Sony andSylvania,
s a y se l e c t r o - r n a g n emt sa k et h e u n i q u ei n v e n t i o nr u n . " A t t r a c tion and repulsion between the two sets of maqnets," he
e x p l a i n s !, ' c a u s e st h e m o t o r t o o p e r a i ea n d g e n e r a t eh o n e the batte.y. Itt not a constantchalge,but a puhe chargeof 60
aftps or better; thus, the battery must be of hish quality. The
batteries for the EMA motor ee iurnished by Mcculloch
Electronic Corloration of Los Anseles.. Afte. extensive
researchand testing,Evcray chosethe model I tG75 Energy
22
Electlic-poweredvehicles are not new, of course, but rhe
poor energy-sto.a8efactor ol batteriesand their heavy, laige
t?e have thu. flr mdde rhem irprsctcal ror use in any
vehiclestequidns a long{anse capacity. This drawback has
restricted the inalket for electric power to small limitedlerformance vehicles.The maximum range of these vehicles
when driven at 40 miles per hou! has beenapproximately 150
miles- Range is affected by the number of stops and stalts,
sradesfaversed, and accelerationdem'rnds.
The EMA motor needs only to run ar 500 rlm for the
nornal recharging system to work. In facr, its recharging
capabilitiesare such that the Evcray's next version of the
enginewon't havean attemator or dir Furnp. The air pum! wiu
be replacedby bladeson the rotor.
"The idea of a self-sustainingelectdc motoi," eys cray,
"at first appealsto go againstmuch oi the theory of eleciricity
and conservatio! of enelgy. Th€ EMA moto! does not,
however, vioiate the basiclaws of physics,bui rather utilizes
them in a unique iniegration in a systemin order io naximize
s
A L I T T L E B R O T H E R ,t h € f u n c f i o n a sL c a l e
model a1 left shows what the EIVA proio'
l y p e b e l o w l o o k s l i k e m i n L r 5b a t i e r l e sa n d
w j t h o u t t h € e x i r a a p p a r a t uosf t h e p e d e s t a l .
W i i h i n ! h e e n g i n ei t s e l t ,o n l y t h r e es u r r a c e s
n r a k ep h y s i c acl o n t a c t .
Phoros by Jark scagn.iti
O T H E R P O I N T SO F V I E W s h o wt h e c o n t r o lb o a r d
( l e f t c e n i e r ) a n d t h e s t a n d a r di r a n s m i $ i o n ( € f t )
d l _ d . l - el d
o t , e p . o _ o . ) p eG. - a y i{ r o r a n t h ee - g i n e
f o r P R O B Ea i h i s l a b o r a t o r yi n V a n N u y s ,s a y st h e
p r o t o i y p eh a sh a d " c o n s i d e r aeb o p e E t l n gt e s tt i m e . '
23.
EMA-4MOTORBLOCKDIAGRAM
shsft-Trmsisdon. erc.
r
---l
L
J
I
ELocK DIAGRAI\4
oF THEElvlA.4
5hows
howenergy
istransmitted
fromthefour6-voltbatterios
(powers!ppty)to thevarious
5tages
of the engine
andretulned,
Bothihe air pump(A) andth€ atternaior
(B) areoptionat
equlp;ent.Th; ai'lpumpprevents
condentation
aroundihe drumandprovldes
add€dassurance
of air in someenvironrnonh.
Theaiiernator
tsnot feedeiior most
apPlications,
lncludinE
usein vohiclee,
bui maybedeskable
generator
pultators
in heavy
rigs.Theelectric
(C),whicharecontained
in tho reg6n€ratlon_recycle
unit,arscapable
of pulsing
at 200,000timesperminuie,andthe purratlon
it 60+0"120
ampsisted
backto the bati€rles.
ulon the characteristics and jnte[elationships between
electrical, nagnetic, and physjcal conponents. The EMA
prototype moto! has had considerableoperatinStest time and
has been adapted ro stan{tard and autom atic . aulomobile
Dynamometer tests h0ve recolded the r!m,s ot Evcray's
m o t o r a ! 2 5 5 0 c o r s t a n t ,r h e t o l q u e a t 6 6 p o u n d sc o n s t a n t .
B r a k eh o r s e p o w ei rs 3 2 . 5 .A f t e r a t e s tr u n o f 2 l % m i n u t e st,h e
batiery voltagereadingwas 25.?.
Only three surfacesnake physical aontact wiih the moror,
a feature which dramatically limits fricrion eno mcreases
efficiency. "An internal c;mbustion ensine is only 30 percent
efficient," sayscray. "Our engineis 90 percentefficient." A
prime factor in frjdion control is the so-called ,,magnetic
vacuum,r' created in the drun, whjch lireraly rakes the
pressureoff of end tearinss a'd allows the rotor ro float
!h6ro by JeckS.asnerrr
G O V E R N I V E N TR E C O G N I T T O N
of the EMA protect has
c o m e f r o m v a r i o u ss o u r c e si,n c i u d i n gt h e q o v e r n o ro f c a t i f o r n i a ,H e r e .G r a ya n d h i sw i f e ,E v e l y n d, i s p t a ya c e r t i f i c a t e
of
m e r i tt h e y r e c e i v efdr o m R o n a l dR e a q a n .
24
"Our motor createslower surges one behind ihe orhe!-in
micro-seconds,"says crey. "By doing this, we are able to
djrect the magneticflux field. The magneticflux is a coolani
source,so we needno cooling sysiem."
Gray saysthe engineis not affected by iain, heat, cold, any
other type ot inclernent weather, or by driving through
tunnels- "All this motor needsis oxygen. Tho only exlernal
magnetic effect is that anorher field sysrem cannot operare
within this same battery system. The magnetic field
o r r e - , ai,o n k J 6 0 d e g r e eisl a l ' d i r c c r i o n s'.
LIGHT, EASY TO MAKE
The new EMA prototy!e rvilt wcigh about 320 pounds,tess
tha most presentint€mai combustionengines.It will measure
12 inches in diameter, i8 inches in tensth_(Size is linear to
horsepower required.) Accoiding to Grav, i"rther 'esealcn
should nak. it po$ible to reduce the sizeand weieht through
the use of liSlte! metalsand more sophjsticatedeircuitry'
Gray saysmost of the motor's componentscan bc built in a
machine shoP with a miu and laihe. The exceptionsa'e the
and a few mis'ellaneousitems
&um itself, the electro-magnets,
supplv store The companv
auto
in
an
the
counter
over
bought
Licensingasreements to
worldwide
itto
enter
to
llans
manufacturethe moior.
The safety featuresof the EMA are implesive There'sno
fan, no exposed hjsh voltase component larts, no exhaust
fumes, no fuel lanks to eiplode, and !o water reservoirsto
clog u!, freeze or overheai.Evcrav believesthe reliabilitv of
the engine will be excellent, and maintenance should be
ninimai becausethereh no carbon, waler' vaniish or other
impurities-which occu! normally as a result of burning oil or
to cleanand
SasoLine-todal]1ageParts.There is no carburetor
gaskets,
valle.
filter,
smos
no
chanee,
filter
to
no
oil
sas
;djust,
radiator, water pump oi iimine chajn Plug'in lvpe
construction makesreplacingparts quick and easv Grav savs
the trainitg time for EMA mechanicsis les than that for
mechanicsworking with a standardeieciric tnotor and far lcss
than that for those pre?aringto work on internrl combustion
englnes,
The EMA also favors the eardrums of mankind lts noise
emissionis far less then lhat of all other power sources,and
Gray claims there will be no increasein noisc as the ensine
ages.In fact, electric-motornohe is almos! imperceptiblewhcn
properly suppressed.
Perhapsthe rerson Edwin Grav, now 48, has been able to
crcate such an unconventional engin€ is his unconventjonal
EMA-4MOTOR
TESTDATA
PRELIMINARY
12 volis dc (or a 24 voli dc svsrem, makng
use of a 12 vori 'tandril sbrlei noior)
32.05
Foolpounds/ntnuie
1.05?.650
Footpounds/second
?56rb..(includes
c2" lonc r 13" wide x 22" hicn. (This is
lnclddine conuol unil.
crli.der, wNch crn !. teprkag.dinio.9"
B.lrely Voltaee Reading
2b.7 vons
Adbienr remp€rrtue
3 4 d c s F € sc o n s t ' n L
Condu.rion/% pound (llow lbrowh) .ir
360
do$eee-au
dkecllons
dudng
H,th lohDeratur. bcdrln..rerle
motor
r2 bsarinst
No direci !c.dtn3 idkon-ulthoul shl.ldinl.
no toude! than 6ndllkitchon ap9rirnc8.6.s,.
!ully r.cule'lull
Sihpl.
drsign sal.lv ie.!ur.s
puih bullon-sl,andald
12V
a!t.r
Rhsostil pnncipl6 wlth swllchable RPM
r a n r s 1 6 0 0 . 13 0 0 - 1 9 6 0 - 2 6 6 0 . 3 3 5 0 . 4 1 0 0
Molor nounl6d
on wh..L.d i.st stahd-no
fo! advanced
ihlt year, he altended an.t..V,"loa
he rcenli"rcd
H
a
r
b
o
!
P
e
o
l
a
L
L
a
c
o
(
n
l
h
e
A
f
t
e
r
enEinieflns.
,r,i rimeinre:,ne rhe Navy. Arrer {rNns rh'ee yean of
conbat duty in the Pacific zone, he retuhed to civilian lii'
Resuming his
.and found work in the field of mechanics
electro-magn€tic
aower. he scriouslv
experime[is with
spent'
enaryv
used
is
oi
enetgv
theory
cxaminedthe
After years of ftsearch and experimentation,Gtav con'
ductedhis first tesi ol the EMA motor ir t96 l. The engmeran
brielly and then broke down Discouragedbui not defeated
motor, which ran ior
he cmstructed a scoondelecho_magnetic
understand
failing.
world
who
bofore
scientific
a
half
in
the
hour
and
those
an
"Onlv
the iheolies oJ physics are able to comprehend how
A lhird lrototype nn for 32 davs attached to various
of
such
automotive iransmissions and tes! equipment lt was lhen
our motor works, There's only a handful
pe$ons."
d , s m a r l l e dl o , a n a l y s r sa,r d d e t d i r e dr < p o r l ( * e r c p r e p a r e d
Alter iejection by large corporationsand monev promoreB'
Gray formed a limited partneship in 19?l and consiructed
education.One of l4 chjldren, he besantinkeritg with
ihe fourlh EMA prototype. With assisiancefrom nearlv 200
15
migneisanilelectricitvasa bov.He lcft homewhe! he was
private citizens, Evcray Enterprheshas spent $l.l_miliion in
he
and serveda yearin the U.S.Armv beloreit wasdkcovered
the attemll to recycle present lost energv and redirect
dischdseDunns
wasunderaseandhe wasgivenan honorable
25
magneticforceswith lhe EMA motor.
Dick Hackenberger,who comesfrom a more conventional
background,complinents Grayt .aw genius with 25 years of
diye$ified functional and man2sement experienoe in the
engineednsfield. He holds an EE desiee from Northeastern
University and is a seniorensineerin the Institute of Electrical
, n d E l e c r r . n i c E n s j n e e r ! .H a c k e n b e r g ehra s n e l d p o s i l i o n s
with the Sony Corporation ol Anerica and Sylvania Commercial Electronics, and he tus sened as an engineerins
consultantto the U-S. Na!yOther Elcray officiak include Arthu. M. Lanse, vicellesident in chargeoi public relations,and GeorseC. Demos,
vice-presidentin chalge of marketins. Lange has served in
managementand public relations capacitieswith both Ford
and General Moiors. while Demos hls worked as diyision
generalmanaserfo! Control Data, director of malketing for
RCA, and presidentofhis own manufacturinefi!m.
RAISING A FEW EYEBROWS
The electro-maeneticmotor has attlacted attention from
impo.tant governmentagencies,ircludins the Environmental
Protection Agency, the Air Resources Board, and th€
Department of Tlarsporlatiod. Gov€rnor Ronald Reaganof
Califoroiabst yea! presentedcray ard his wiie, Ev€lyn,with a
certificate of merit. OtheN indicating interest in rhe project
a r ec o n g e s s m eB
n a l r y G o l d w a r € rJ. r . , E d w a r dR . R o y b a l ,D e i
Clawsof,and James C. Corman, U.S. SenatorAlan Cranston,
and statbsenatorsAlfred E. Alquist and NicholasC. Perris.
John Brogan, head of the Environmental Prorection
Agency's advancedautoriotive low€r syst€ns development
division,sayshis 2s-'nan ltaff haslooked at approximately20
altemate engine proposal! each week for the past two years.
He says nearly half of the proposals are fof "perpetual
motion" machines;that is, machinery that would produce
coniinuous novement without any outsideenergysource.The
concepl of perpelual motion violates aU known laws of
According to Evcray, some experts b€iieve the EMA is !
perletual-motion eneine and is, therefore, invalid. Giay
himself refute! this belief. "The EMA inotor is definitely not
perletual motion," he insists. "Only those in the scientific
world who und€rstand lhe theories of physics are lble to
colnprehbndhow our motor works. There's only a handful of
"The p.osrammef directs which magnets are to be
ene4ized for what length of time lnd in what pola.ity. There
arc severalattractionsand repuhions taking place at the same
The search for the clean engine has seen the federal
governmentcontribu!€ $23-millionto th€ develolment of new
ensinesin the past two years. General Motors, spent $36million last yea! alone. and Ford laid out $2Gmiilion_Senator
John V. Tunn€y of California has ploposed tegislarion ro
divert $90cmillion from the Highway Tlust Fund inro a
three-yearcrashprogam to developa cleanengine.
Meanwhile, Edwin cray. after 12 yeaB of research add
development,believeshe has found th€ answer for a colnparaiively meager$l.l-million. Time will tell whethe. or not
he is iight.
o
26
PROBE UPDATE
A cooperativeeffort
betweenparapsycho
logyand
the more conventional
fieldsof
sciencesets its sightson
discoveryin a...
l{EtT
U]{DIR
STARC]
FO
ATIAI{
ETTING WHAT MAY BE A PRECEDENTin
the ongoingsearchlor Atlantis,an expedition
sponsored by an Amelican univetsity will
conduct an undemeahunt for the legendary,,lost
continent" this summer, Two hundred educators,
students,scientists,parapsychologists
and laymenwill
participate in the six-week project to be hetd in
Cadiz,Spain,northwestoI Gibraltar.
Leadingthe project is Maxine Asher,educational
consultantto PepperdineUnive$ity in Califonia and
head oJ the Ancient MeditenaneanResearch
Association. Co-directoris Dr. Julian Nava,vice-chairman
of
the Los Angeles
Ciry Boardof Educarior.
''Therb has never before
bcpn a large, interdisciplinary,
scien[iIicexpedirionfor Atlantisundersea," saysMrs. Asher. "The best that there hasbeen
wasa small group that went to Bimini in 1969 under
Manson Valentine for the Cayce Foundation.Th€y
did find somecyclopean-typeremains,but they only
had a small amount of money and had to stop the
researchfor lack of funds. Outside of that. there,s