Page
LIST OF ILLUST RATIO NS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF TA BLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATORS SA FE TY SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sectio n 1
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Section 4
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-1
2-2
OPERATORS FAMILIARIZATIO N
GENER AL OPERATING
I NF ORM ATIO N . . . . . . . . . .
GRATIC ULE . . . . . . . . . .
GROUN DI NG . . . . . . . . .
SIGNAL CO NNECTIO N S
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3-1
3-1
3-1
3-1
I NPUT CO UPLI NG CA PACITOR
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3-1
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-3
Sectio n 5
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BASIC APPL ICATIO NS . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4-1
4-1
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4-1
4-1
4-4
4-8
. .
4-9
OPERATING PROC EDURES
I NTROD UCTIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I NDEX Τ0 B ASIC APPLICATIO N
PR OC EDURE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V OLTAGE MEAS UREMEN TS . . .
TIME ME AS UREMEN TS . . . . . .
TELEV ISIO N DIS PL AYS . . . . . . .
DELAYED-SWEEP
MAG N IFICATIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-3
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
OPERATO RS FAMILIARIZATIO N (cont)
PRECHARGI N G . . . . . . . . .
OPERATOR 'S ADJU ST MENTS
INTROD UCTIO N . . . . . . . . .
B AS ELINE T RAC E . . . . . . .
TRAC E ROTATIO N . . . . . . .
PR OBE CO MPEN SATIO N .
1-1
1-1
1-9
1-9
PREPARATION FOR USE
FIRST-TIME START UP . . . . . . . . . . .
SA FETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LINE VOLTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
POWER CO R D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L INE FU SE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INSTRUMENT COO LIN G . . . . . . . .
CO NTROLS, CO NNECTOR S, AND
INDICATO RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPLAY, P OWER, AND PR OBE
ADJU ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VERTICA L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H ORIZONTA L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
T RIGGER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REAR PANEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sectio n 3
Sectio n 3
G ENER AL INF ORM ATIO N
INTROD UCTIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPECI FICATIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CA LIBR ATIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPAC KAGING FOR SH IPMEN T
Section 2
ii
ii
iii
OPTIONS AND ACCESSORI E S
INTROD UCTIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NTERNATIO NAL POWER CO R DS
STANDA R D ACCE SSORIES . . . . .
OP TIONAL ACCESSORI ES . . . . . .
I
FR ONT PANEL I LLUSTRATIO N
CH ANGE INF ORM ATIO N
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
5-1
Fig ure
Page
The
1-1
1-2
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
3-1
3-2
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
2213 Α Oscilloscope
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M aximum input voltage vs frequency derating curve for C H
CH
1 OR Χ,
1-7
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2-2
Physical dimensions of the 2213Α Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Optional power cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuse holder
and power cord co n nector . .
d isp lay co ntrols and indicators
controls a n d connecto rs . . . . . . .
P ower an d
Vertical
H orizon tal
controls
and
PR O BE
ADJU ST out p ut
1-8
2-1
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2-3
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2-4
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2-5
Trigger controls, connecto r, and indicator . . . . . . . . . . .
Rear panel connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graticule measurement markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Probe compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pea k-to-peak waveform voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I nstantaneous voltage measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common-mode rejection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voltage ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R ise Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time difference between p ulses on time relate d signals
Phase difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H ig h-resolution phase difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delayed-sweep magnification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2-6
2-7
3-1
3-4
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
Page
Table
1-1
1-2
1-3
2-1
iv
2 O R Υ , and ΕΧΤ I NPUT connectors . .
Electrical Characteristics . . . . .
En vironmental Characteristics .
Physical Characteristics . . . . .
VERT M ODE Trigger Source .
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1-2
1-6
1-7
2-7
The TEKTRONIX 2213Α Oscilloscope is α ru gged, lightweig ht, d ual-channel 60 MH z instrument that features α
br ight, sharply defi ned trace on an 80- by 100 mm cathoderay tube (crt). Its vertical system supplies cali brated deflection factors from 2 mV per d ivisio n to 5 V per divisio n.
Trigger circuits e n able stable triggering over th e full bandwidth of the vertical system . Th e ho rizon tal system provides
cali brated sweep speeds from 0.5 s pe r divisio n to 50 ns pe r
d ivision, along with α delayed-sweep feature. Α X10 magnifier circuit extends the maximum sweep speed to 5 ns per
d ivisio n when th e SEC/DI V switc h is set to 0.05 Ειs per
d ivision .
Th e following electrical characteristics (Table 1-1) are
valid for th e 2213Α whe n it h as been adjusted at an am b ient
temperature betwee n +20°C and +30°C, h as h ad α warmup period of at least 20 minutes, and is operating at an
am bient temperature between Ο °C and +50°C (unless ot herwise noted) .
Items listed in the " Performance Req ui remen ts" column
are verifiable qu alitative o r quan titative limits, while items
liste d in th e "S upp leme ntal Information" column are either
explanatory notes, calibration set up descri ption s, perfor-
The instrument is shi pped with t he following standard
accessories :
1 Operators manual
1 Power cord
2 Pro be p ackages
For part numbers and information about instrument ac-cessories, refe r to the "Options and Accessories" sectio n of
th is ma n ual .
The service ma nual and all other optional accessories are
ordera ble from Te ktronix, Inc . Α local Te ktronix Field Office,
representative, or the Te ktronix p ro d uct catalog can p rovide
or dering and pr oduct information .
mance c haracteristics for which no absolute limits are specified, or c haracteristics that are imp ractical to check.
En vironmental c h aracte ristics are given in Ta ble 1-2. The
2213Α meets the req uireme n ts of MIL-Τ -288000, paragraph s 4.5 .5 .1 .3, 4 .5 .5 .1 .4, and 4.5 .5 .1 .2 .2 for type ΙΙΙ ,
Class 5 equi pme nt, exce pt where ot herwise noted.
Ph ysical characteristics of the instrument are listed in
Table 1-3.
Ta ble 1-1
Electrical Characte ristics
C h a racte ristics
Performance Requ irements
Supplemental Info rmation
VERTICAL DEFLE CTION SYST EM
Deflection F actor
Range
2 mV per division to 5 V per division
in α 1-2-5 sequ ence.
Accuracy
±3%
Range of V OLTS/DIV Varia ble Control
Continuously variable between
settings . Increases d eflectio n factor
by at least 2.5 to 1 .
Step R esponse Rise Time
Rise time is calculated from the form ula :
Rise Time
0.35
B andwi d th (-3 dB)
0°C to +35°C
5 mV per Division to 5 V p er
Division
5 mV per d ivision to 5 V per division
gain is ad justed with VOLTS/DI V switch
set to 10 mV per division.
2 mV per d ivisio n gain is a djusted
with VOLTS/DIV switch set to 2 mV
per division .
5.8 ns or less .
0°C to 50°C
2 mV per Division to 5 V per
Division
7.0 ns or less .
B andwidth (-3 d B)
0°C to +35°C
2 mV per Division
Dc to at least 50 MH z.
5 mV per Division to 5 V per
Division
Dc to at least 60 MHz .
M easu red with α vertically centered
6-division reference sign al from α 50 Ω
so urce d riving α 50 Ω coaxial cable
that is terminated in 50 Ω, bot h at
the input co nnector an d at t h e probe
input, with t he VOLTS/DIV V ariable
control in the CA L detent .
0°C to +50°C
2 mV per Division to 5 V per
Division
AC Cou p led L ower Limit
B a n dwidth Limiter
Chop M ode Switching Rate
Dc to at least 50 MHz .
10 H z or less at -3 dB.
Up pe r limits (-3 d B ) band pass at
10 MH z ± 15%.
500 kH z ±30% .
In put Characteristics
Resista nce
Capacitance
1 ΜΩ ±2%.
20 pF ±2 p F.
M aximum Safe Input Voltage A
See Fig ure 1-1 for derating curve.
DC Co u p led
400 V ( d c + pea k ac) or 800 V ac ρ-ρ
to 10 kH z or less .
AC Coupled
400 V (dc + pea k ac) or 800 V" αε ρ-ρ
to 10 kH z or less .
Ta ble 1-1 (co nt)
Characteristics
Supplemental In formatio n
P erfo rm ance R eq uireme nts
VERTICAL DEFLE CTION SYST EM (cont)
Common-Mode Rejection Ratio
(C MRR)
At least 20 to 1 at 25 MHz.
Chec ked at 10 mV per division for
common-mode signals of 6 divisions or
less with VOLTS/DIV Varia ble cont rol
adjusted fo r best CMRR at 50 kH z.
Trace Shift with Attenuator Rotation
0.75 division or less .
V O LTS/DIV Variable co ntrol in CAL
Trace S hift as V OLTS/DIV
Varia ble Co ntrol is Rotated
1 .0 division o r less .
Trace Shift with Invert
1 .5 division o r less .
Channel Isolation
Greater than 100 to 1 at 25 ΜΗτ.
detent .
T RIGGER SYST EM
T RIGG ER Se nsitivity
Ρ-Ρ AUTO/TV LINE and NORM
M odes
σ
5 MHz
60 MH z
Internal
0.3 div
1 .0 div
Extern al
40 mV
150 mV
Lowest Useable Frequency in Ρ-Ρ
AUTO M ode
20 Hz with 1 .0 division intern al
or 100 mV external .
TV FIELD Mode
1 .0 division of com posite sync.
Exter nal trigger signal from α 50 Ω
source driving α 50 Ω coaxial cable
terminated in 50 Ω at the in put co nnecto r.
EXTI NPUT
M aximum Input Voltage A
400 V (dc + peak ac) or 800 V ac ρ-ρ
at 10 kH z or less .
Input Resista nce
1 ΜΩ ±2%.
In p ut Capacitan ce
20 pF ±2 .5 pF .
AC Coupled
10 H z or less at lower -3 d B point .
LEVEL Control Range (NORM)
ΙΝΤ
Can be set to any p oint of the trace
that can be d isplayed.
ΕΧΤ, DC
At least ± 1 .6 V, 3.2 V ρ-ρ.
ΕΧΤ, DC - 10
At least ± 16 V, 32 V ρ-ρ.
VAR HO L DO FF Control
Increases Sweep holdoff time by at
least α factor of 10 .
See F igure 1-1 for derating curve.
Ta ble 1-1 (con t)
P erfo rma n ce R eq uirements
Characteristics
Supplemental Information
H OR IZONTAL DEFLE CTION SYST EM
Sweep Rate
0.5 s per division to 0.05 As p er
division in α 1-2-5 seq uen ce . Χ10
magnifier extends maximum sweep
speed to 5 ns p er d ivisio n.
Un magnifie d
Mag nifie d
+15°C to +35°C
±3%
±4%
0°C to +50°C
±4%
±5%
Accuracy
POSITIO N Control Range
Start of swee p to 10th division in Χ 1 or
100t h divisions in
X10 will position past
the center vertical graticule line .
Swee p Linearity
±7%.
Variable Control Range
Co n tinuo u sly variable between
cali br ated settings . Extend s the sweep
s p eed b y at least α factor of 2.5 .
Sweep accuracy applies over the
center 8 d ivisions . Exclude the fi rst
25 ns of the swee p for magnified
sweep s peeds and anyt hing beyond
the 100t h magnified division.
Linearity measured over any 2 of the
center 8 divisions. W ith magnifier in Χ10,
exclude the first 25 n s and anyt hing p ast
the 100t h division.
Delay Time
Delay P ositions
MULTI PL IER
J itter
M inimum less than 1 .0 As, 20 As, and
0 .4 ms .
I ncreases delay time by at least α
factor of 50 .
One part or less in 10,000 (0 .01 %) of
the maximum available d elay time .
Χ-Υ OPERATIO N (Χ1 MAG NIFICATIO N)
Deflection Facto rs
Same as Vertical Deflection System
(with VOLTS/DIV Variable controls in
CA L detent) .
M easured with α dc-coupled , 5-division
Accuracy
Χ-Axis
±4%.
Υ-Axis
Same as Vertical Deflection System .
M easu red with α 5-division
Ban dwi dth (-3 dB)
Χ-Axis
Dc to at least 2 MH z.
Υ-Axis
Same as Vertical Deflection System .
Ph ase Difference B etween Χ- an d
Υ-Axis Amplifiers
reference signal .
±3° from do to 100 kH z.
refere nce signal .
W it h dc-coupled inputs .
Table 1-1 (cont)
P erfo rma n ce R equ i rements
Characte ristics
Supplemental Info rmation
PROBE AD JUST
Out put Voltage of PROBE ADJU ST
J ack
0.5 V ±5%.
Repetition Rate
1 kH z ±20% .
Z-AXIS INPU T
Sensitivity
5 V causes noticea ble modulation .
Positive-going in put decreases
intensity.
M aximum Safe Input Voltage
30 V ( d c + peak ac) or 30 V C ρ-ρ ac at
1 kH z or less .
Input Resistance
10 k Ω ± 10%.
POWER SO UR CE
L ine Voltage Ranges
90 V to 250 V .
L ine Fre quency
48 Hz to 440 H z.
M axim um Power Consumption
40 W (70 VA) .
L ine Fu se
1 .0 Α, 250 V, slow-blow.
CATHOD E-RAY TUBE
Display Area
80 by 100 mm .
Standard Phosph or
Ρ 31 .
N ominal
Accelerating
Voltage
14 kV .
Useable freque ncy ra nge is
do to 10 MH z.
Table 1-2
En vironmental Characteristics
Desc ription
Characteristics
NOTE
The instrument meets the requirements of MIL-T-288000, paragraphs 4.5 .5.1 .3,
4.5.5.1 .4, and 4.5.5.1 .2.2 for Type /Ι/, Class 5 equipment, except where otherwise noted.
Temperature
Operating
0°C to +50°C (+32° F to +122° F).
N onoperating
-55°C to +75°C (-67° F to +167°F). Tested to ΜΙ L-Τ-288000 paragraph s
4.5 .5 .1 .3 and 4.5 .5 .1 .4, exce pt in 4.5 .5 .1 .3 steps 4 and 5 (0°C operati ng test) are
p erformed ahead of step 2 (-55°C nonoperating test). Equ ipment s hall remain
off upon return to room am bient d uring step 6. E xcessive condensation s hall be
removed before operating duri ng step 7.
Altitude
Operating
To 4,500 m (15,000 ft). M aximum operating temperatu re decrease d 1 °C per
1,000 ft above 5,000 ft .
N onoperating
To 15,000 m (50,000 ft).
H umidity (Operating and N onoperating)
5 cycles (120 h ours) refe renced to M I L-Τ-288000 paragraph 4.5 .5 .1 .2 .2 for Ty pe
III, Class 5 instruments. Operati ng a n d non-operating at 95% +0% to -5%
relative h umidity. Operating at +50°C and +30°C. Non-operating at +30°C to
+60°C.
Vibration (Operating)
15 mi nutes along each of 3 major axes at α total d isplacementof 0.015 inch ρ-ρ
(2 .4 g's at 55 H z) with freq ue ncy varied from 10 H z to 55 H z to 10 H z in 1-mi nute
swee ps. H old for 10 mi nutes at 55 H z in eac h of the 3 major axes . All major
resonances must be above 55 Hz .
Shoc k (Operati ng a nd N onoperating)
30 g's, h alf-si ne, 11-ms d uratio n , 3 shocks per axis each di rection, for α total of
18 shocks.
EMI
M eets ra d iated and conducted emission requ irements per V DE 0871 Class Β.
Table 1-3
Physical Characteristics
Characteristics
Description
Weight With Power Cord
With Cover, Probes, and Pouch
6.0 kg (13.1 Ib).
Without Cover, Probes, and Pouch
5.0 kg (10.9 Ib).
Domestic Shipping Weight
7 .0 kg (15.4 Ib).
Height
With Feet and Handles
137 mm (5 .4 in).
Width
With Handle
360 mm (14.2 in).
Without Handle
327 mm (12.9 in).
Depth
With Front Cover
445 mm (17 .5 in).
Without Front Cover
440 mm (17.3 in).
With Handle Extended
511 mm (20.1 in).
If th e i n st ru me nt is to be sh ipped to α Te ktronix Service
Center for service or repai r, attac h α tag s h owing; owner
(with address) and t he name of an indivi d ual at your firm
t h at can be co ntacted . Include com plete instru ment serial
number a nd α d esc ri p tion of t he service req uired .
Save and reuse t he pac k age i n whic h you r instrument
was s h ipped. If t he original packagi n g is unfit for use or not
availa b le, re p ac kage t h e i nstrument as follows :
Surroun d th e i n strume n t wit h polyet hylene sheeting to
protect its fi n is h . Obtain α carton of corrugated card b oard
havi n g α carton test strengt h of 275 pounds and h aving
inside dimensions of no less th an six i n ch es more than th e
instrument d imension s. Cu s h ion th e i nstrument by tig htly
pac k i ng three inc h es of du n nage o r uret h ane foam between
carton and instru ment, on all sides. Seal carto n wit h s h ipping tape or i n dust r ial staple r.
SA FE TY
R efer to the "O perators Safety Summary" at the front of
this manual for powe r source, grounding, and ot her safety
considerations pertai ning to the u se of the 2213 Α. B efore
connecting the instrument to α power so urce, carefully read
the following about li ne voltages, p owe r cords, and fuses .
L I NE VO LTAG E
The inst rument is capa ble of continuous operation using
input voltages that r ange from 90 V to 250 V nominal at
fre qu encies from 48 H z to 440 H z.
POWER CO R D
Α d etac hable t hree-wire power co rd with α three-con tact
plug is provided with each instrument to pe rmit connection
to both t he power source and protective ground. The p lug
protective-ground contact connects (through t he protectivegrou nd co nductodto the accessible metal p arts of the instrument. For electrical-shock protection, insert this plug only
into α power outlet that has α securely grou nded protectivegrou nd contact .
This inst ru men t is shipped with the requ ired powe r cord
as or dered by the customer . Available powe r-cord information is ill ust rated in Figure 2-1, an d part numbers are listed in
Section 5 of this ma nual . Contact your Tektronix representative or local Tektro nix Field Office fo r add itio nal powe rcord informatio n.
L I NE FU SE
The instrument fuse h olier is k)cated on the rear panel
(see F igure 2-2) and contains the line fu se . The following
procedure ca n be used to verify that the proper fuse is installed or to install α replacement fuse .
1 . Unplug the power cord f rom the power-input source
(if app licable) .
2. P ress in a nd slig htly rotate the fuse-hol der cap counterclockwise to release it .
3. Pull t h e cap (with the attached fuse inside) out of the
fuse h ol der.
4. Verify proper fuse value (1 .0 Α, 250 V, slow b low) .
5. Reinstall the fuse (o r re placement fuse) and the fuseh older ca p .
Always maintain adequate instrument cooling. The ventilation holes on both sides of the instrument cabinet and on
the rear panel must remain free of obstruction .
T he following descri ption s ar e intended to familiarize t h e
operator wit h t h e location , operation , a n d fu n ctio n of t h e
instrument's controls, connectors, an d indicators .
DIS PL AY, PO WER, A N D PR O BE AD JU ST
PR OBE AD JU ST Co nn ecto r-Provides an a pproximately 0.5 V, negative-going, sq uare-wave voltage (at
approximately 1 kH z) that permits an operator to
compensate voltage probes and to c hec k operation of
th e oscilloscope vertical system . It is not intended for
verifying the acc u racy of th e vertical gain or time-base
circuitry.
Refer to Fig ure 2-3 for locatio n of items 1 t h rough 8.
Internal Gratic ule- Elimi n ates parallax viewing error
between t he t race and g raticule lines . R ise-time am plitud e an d meas ureme nt points are ind icated at th e left
edge of th e g raticule .
i
POWER Switch-Turn s n strument power on and off.
Press in for ON ; press again for OFF .
Power Indicator-An LE D that illuminates when the
inst ru ment is operating.
F OC US Co ntrol-Adjusts
definitio n.
for
optimum
d isplay
BEAM F IND Switch-Wh en h eld in, compresses the
display to within the graticule area and provides α visible viewing intensity to ai d i n locating off-screen
dis plays .
TRAC E ROTATIO N Contr ol-Screwdriver adjustment used to align the crt trace with t h e horizontal
graticule li n es .
I
NTEN SITY Co ntrol-Determines the brig htness of
the sweep trace.
R efer to Figure 2-4 for location of items 9 through 16 .
j2
CH 1 V OLTS/DIV a nd CH 2 VOLTS/DIV SwitchesUsed to select the vertical deflection factor in α 1-2-5
sequence . To obtain α calibrated d eflection factor, the
V OLTS/DIV variable control must be in the calibrated
(CAL) d etent (fully clockwise) .
AC-Input signal is capacitively coupled to the vertical amplifier. The do component of the input signal is b locked . Low-fre q uency limit (-3 dB point) is
approximately 10 Hz .
G ND-The input of the vertical amplifier is
grounded to p rovide α zero (ground) reference-volt-
1X-Indicates the deflection factor selected when
using either α 1 Χ probe or α coaxial cable.
age dis play ( d oes not ground the input signal). This
switch position allows precharging the input coupling ca p acitor .
10Χ PROBE-Indicates t he deflection factor selected when using α 10 Χ probe.
VOLTS/DIV Variable Controls-When rotated counterclockwise out of their calibrate d detent positions,
these controls provide continuously variable,
uncalibrated deflection factors between the calibrated
settings of the VOLTS/DIV switches .
POSITION Controls-Use d to vertically p osition the
display on the crt. When t he SEC/DIV switch is set to
Χ-Υ, the Channel 2 POSITION control moves the display vertically (Y-axis), and t he H orizontal POSITION
control moves the d isplay h orizontally (X-axis) .
Input Coupling (AC-GND-DC) Switches-Three-position switches that select the method of cou p ling the
input signals to the instrument d eflection system .
DC-All frequency components of the input signal
are cou p led to the vertical deflection systems.
Ί3
CH 1 OR Χ a n d CH 2 OR Υ Input ConnectorsProvide for application of external signals to the vertical d eflection system or for an Χ-Υ display. In the Χ-Υ
mode (SEC/DIV switch set to Χ-Υ), the signal connected to the CH 1 OR Χ input connector p rovides
horizontal deflection (X-axis) and the signal connecte d
to the CH 2 OR Υ input connector provides vertical
deflection (y-axis) .
j4
VERTICAL MODE Switches-Two three-position
switches and two button switches are used to select
the mo d e of operation for the vertical amplifier
system .
CH 1-Selects only the Channel 1 in put signal for
display.
BOTH-Selects b oth Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals for display. The CH 1-BOTH-CH 2
switch must be in the BOTH position for either
ADD, ALT, or CHOP operation .
CH 2-Selects only the Channel 2 input signal for
display.
ADD-Displays the algebraic sum of the Channel 1
and C hannel 2 inp ut signals.
ALT-Alternately dis plays Channel 1 an d Channel
2 input signals . The alternation occurs d uring retrace at the en d of each sweep . This mode is useful
for viewing b oth input signals at sweep speeds
from 0.05 )us per division to 0.2 ms per division .
CHOP-The display switches between the Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals during the
sweep. The switching rate is approximately
500 kHz. This mode is useful for viewing b oth
Channel 1 and Channel 2 input signals at sweep
INTEN S- Horizontal deflection is provided by the
sweep generator at α swee p speed determined b y
the S EC/DI V switch . The sweep generator also
provides an intensified zone on the dis p lay. The
start of the intensified zone re presents the sweepstart p oint when DLY'D H ORIZONTA L M OD E is
selected .
s peeds from 0.5 ms p er division to 0.5 s pe r
division.
BW LIMIT-Wh en pr essed in, this button switch
limits the b andwidth of the vertical am plifier and the
Trigger system to approximately 10 MHz. Bu tton
must b e pressed α seco nd time to release it and
regain full 60 MH z bandwidth operation. Provides α
meth od fo r reducing interference from h ig h-freque ncy signals when viewing low-frequency
signals.
CH 2 INVERT Switch-I nverts t he Channel 2 display when button is presse d i n. Button must b e
pr essed in α second time to release it and regain α
noni nverted display.
j5
D
16
GND Co nn ecto r-Provides direct connection to the
instrument chassis ground.
SER IAL a nd Mod Slots-The SER IA L slot is imp rinted with the instrume nt's se rial number . The M od
slot contains the option nu mber that is installed in the
inst rument.
HORIZONTAL
Refe r to Fig ure 2-5 for location of items 17 through 22 .
11
SEC/DI V Switches- Use d to select the sweep
speeds for t he sweep generator i n α 1-2-5 sequence.
To obtain calibrated sweep speeds, the SEC/DI V
Variable control must be in the cali brated detent (fully
cloc kwise).
Ί$
SEC/DI V Variable 6o ntrol-Provides contin uously
variable, uncali brated sweep spee ds to at least 2 .5
times slower than the calibrated setting . It extends the
slowest sweep spee d to at least 1 .25 s p er division .
j9
10
Zj
Χ10 M ag nifier Switch-To increase displayed swee p
spee d by α factor of 10, pull out the SEC/DI V Varia ble
kn ob. The fastest sweep speed can be exte nd ed to 5
ns p er division. Push in the S E C/DI V Variable k no b to
regain the Χ1 sweep s peed.
POSITION Control- Positions the dis play horizontally
in all modes.
HORIZONTAL MODE Switch-T hree-positio n switch
determines the mode of operation for th e h orizontal
deflection system .
ΝΟ DLY- Horizontal d eflection is
p rovi ded by the
sweep generator, with out α delayed start, at α
sweep speed determi ned
setting .
b y the SEC/DI V switc h
DLY'D- Horizontal deflection is provided by the
sweep generator at α sweep speed determined by
the SEC/DI V switch setting. The start of the swee p
is delayed from th e initial swee p-trigger point b y α
time determined b y the setting of the DEL AY TIME
Range Selector switch and MULTI PL IER control.
22
DEL AY TIME-Two controls are u sed in con junction
with NTEN S and D LY'D HOR IZONTAL MOD E to select the amount of delay time between th e start of the
swee p and t he beginning of the intensifie d zone .
I
Range Selector Switch--This three-positio n
switch selects 0.4 ms, 20 μs, and 1 .0 μs of delay
time . To increase the sweep delay from the calibrated setting of the Range Selector Switch, rotate
the MULTI PL IER control clockwise .
MULTI PL IER Control-Provi des variable sweep
delay from less than 1 to greate r than 50 times the
setting of the Range Selector switch.
R efer to 2-6 for location of items 23 t hro ugh 31 .
2)
TRIGGER Mo d e Switches-Th ree section switch
t hat determin es t h e trigger mode for the sweep.
23
ΙΝΤ-Permits trigge r ing on signals that are applied
to the CH 1 OR Χ and CH 2 OR Υ inp ut connectors . The source of the internal signal is selected by
the ΙΝΤ switch.
N ORM -Swee p is in itiated when an adequate trigger signal is app lied . In th e abse nce of α trigger
signal, no baseline trace will be p resent .
L INE -T he power-so urce waveform is the source
of the trigger signal . Th is trigger source is useful
when vertical input signals a r e time related (multiple or sub multip le) to the frequency of the powerin pu t source voltage.
Ρ-Ρ AUTO-T V LINE -Pe rmits triggering on waveforms and television lines h aving re petition rates of
at least 20 Hz. Sweep free-runs in the abse nce of
an adeq uate trigger signal or when the repetition
rate is b elow 20 Hz . The range of the TR IGG ER
LEVEL control is rest ricted to th e peak-to- pea k
range of t h e trigger signal .
TV FIEL D- Press in bot h Ρ-Ρ A UTO and NORM
buttons . Permits triggering on television fiel d signals. TRIGGER LEVEL control s hould be rotated
fully counterclockwise when triggering on TV signals with negative going sync and cloc kwise for
p ositive going sync .
,.
24
SGL SWP RE SET- Press in th e sp ring-ret urn button momentarily to arm the trigger circuit for α single-sweep display. In this mode, the trigger system
operates the same as N ORM, except only one
sweep is displayed for each trigger sign al . Anot her
sweep cannot b e displayed u ntil the SG L SWP
RE SET button is momentarily pressed in agai n to
reset the trigger circuit. This mode is useful for displaying and p hotographing either nonrepetitive signals or signals that cause u nstable conventional
displays (e .g ., signals that vary in amplit ude,
shape, or time).
T RIG'D-RE ADY Indicator-LE D illuminates when either Ρ-Ρ AUTO or NORM Trigger Mode is selected
and the Swee p has been triggered (T RIG'D). In single
swee p display, the LED illuminates to indicate that t h e
Trigger circuit is armed (RE ADY) .
ί5
ίό
TR IGGER LEVEL Control-Selects the amplitude
p oint on the trigge r signal at wh ic h t he swee p is
triggered .
SLOPE Switch-Selects the slope of the signal that
triggers the swee p.
OUT- Wh en butto n is released out, sweep is triggered from the positive-goi ng slope of the trigger
signal .
IN-When button is pressed in, swee p is triggered
from th e negative-going slope of th e trigger signal .
SO UR CE Switch-Determi nes the source of the trigger sign al t h at is coupled to the inp ut of the trigger
circuit.
ΕΧΤ-Permits triggering on signals app lied to the
ΕΧΤ INPUT connector .
2$
ΙΝΤ Switch-Selects the so urce of the internal triggering signal when the SO UR C E switch is set to INT.
CH 1-The signal applied to the CH 1 O R Χ in p ut
connector is the so urce of the trigger sign al .
VERT M OD E-The inte rn al trigger source is determi ned by the signals selected for dis play by the
VERTICA L M OD E switches . See Table 2-1 for
VERT M OD E trigger source .
INTEN S- Horizontal deflection is provided by the
sweep generator at α swee p speed determined b y
the S EC/DI V switch . The sweep generator also
provides an intensified zone on the dis p lay. The
start of the intensified zone re presents the sweepstart p oint when DLY'D H ORIZONTA L M OD E is
selected .
s peeds from 0.5 ms p er division to 0.5 s pe r
division.
BW LIMIT-Wh en pr essed in, this button switch
limits the b andwidth of the vertical am plifier and the
Trigger system to approximately 10 MHz. Bu tton
must b e pressed α seco nd time to release it and
regain full 60 MH z bandwidth operation. Provides α
meth od fo r reducing interference from h ig h-freque ncy signals when viewing low-frequency
signals.
CH 2 INVERT Switch-I nverts t he Channel 2 display when button is presse d i n. Button must b e
pr essed in α second time to release it and regain α
noni nverted display.
j5
D
16
GND Co nn ecto r-Provides direct connection to the
instrument chassis ground.
SER IAL a nd Mod Slots-The SER IA L slot is imp rinted with the instrume nt's se rial number . The M od
slot contains the option nu mber that is installed in the
inst rument.
HORIZONTAL
Refe r to Fig ure 2-5 for location of items 17 through 22 .
11
SEC/DI V Switches- Use d to select the sweep
speeds for t he sweep generator i n α 1-2-5 sequence.
To obtain calibrated sweep speeds, the SEC/DI V
Variable control must be in the cali brated detent (fully
cloc kwise).
Ί$
SEC/DI V Variable 6o ntrol-Provides contin uously
variable, uncali brated sweep spee ds to at least 2 .5
times slower than the calibrated setting . It extends the
slowest sweep spee d to at least 1 .25 s p er division .
j9
10
Zj
Χ10 M ag nifier Switch-To increase displayed swee p
spee d by α factor of 10, pull out the SEC/DI V Varia ble
kn ob. The fastest sweep speed can be exte nd ed to 5
ns p er division. Push in the S E C/DI V Variable k no b to
regain the Χ1 sweep s peed.
POSITION Control- Positions the dis play horizontally
in all modes.
HORIZONTAL MODE Switch-T hree-positio n switch
determines the mode of operation for th e h orizontal
deflection system .
ΝΟ DLY- Horizontal d eflection is
p rovi ded by the
sweep generator, with out α delayed start, at α
sweep speed determi ned
setting .
b y the SEC/DI V switc h
DLY'D- Horizontal deflection is provided by the
sweep generator at α sweep speed determined by
the SEC/DI V switch setting. The start of the swee p
is delayed from th e initial swee p-trigger point b y α
time determined b y the setting of the DEL AY TIME
Range Selector switch and MULTI PL IER control.
22
DEL AY TIME-Two controls are u sed in con junction
with NTEN S and D LY'D HOR IZONTAL MOD E to select the amount of delay time between th e start of the
swee p and t he beginning of the intensifie d zone .
I
Range Selector Switch--This three-positio n
switch selects 0.4 ms, 20 μs, and 1 .0 μs of delay
time . To increase the sweep delay from the calibrated setting of the Range Selector Switch, rotate
the MULTI PL IER control clockwise .
MULTI PL IER Control-Provi des variable sweep
delay from less than 1 to greate r than 50 times the
setting of the Range Selector switch.
G RATIC ULE
The graticule is inte rn ally marked on the face p late of th e
crt to enable accu rate measurements with out parallax error
(see Fig ure 3-1) . It is marked with eight vertical and ten h orizo ntal major d ivisions. Eac h major division is divi ded into
five subd ivisions . The vertical deflection factors and h orizontal timing are calibrated to the gr aticule so that accurate
measurements can be made directly from th e c rt. Also, perce ntage mark e rs for the meas ur eme nt of rise and fall times
are located on the left side of t h e g r aticule.
G RO UN DI NG
The most relia ble signal measu reme n ts are made when
the 2213 Α and th e unit unde r test are connected by α common refe re nce (ground lead), in addition to the signal lea d or
probe . The probe's ground lea d provides the best grounding
method for signal interconnection and ensures the maximum amount of signal-lead shielding in t he p robe ca ble .
Α sepa rate ground lead can also be connected from the unit
under test to the oscillosco p e GND co nnector located on
the front p anel .
SIG NA L CO NNE CTIO NS
Ge nerally, p robes offer the most convenient mea ns of
connecting an in put signal to the instrume nt. They are
shielded to prevent pickup of electromagnetic interference,
and the su pplied 10 Χ probe offers α h ig h i np ut impedance
that minimizes circ uit loading. This allows the circuit under
test to operate with α minimum of change from its n ormal
co n d ition as measurements are bei ng made.
Coaxial cables may also be u sed to connect signals to
the in put co nnectors, but they may h ave considerable effect
on th e accuracy of α displayed waveform . To maintain the
original fre quency c haracteristics of an applied signal,
only h ig h- q uality, low-loss coaxial cables should b e u sed.
Coaxial cables should be terminated at both ends in t heir
c h aracteristic im pe d ance . If this is n ot possi ble, use suitable
impedance-matc hing devices.
I NPUT CO UPL I N G
CA PACITO R PRE C HARGI NG
When the In put Cou p ling switch is set to GND, the input
signal is connected to ground through the in p ut coupling
ca pacitor in series with α 1 ΜΩ resisto r to fo rm α
prechargi ng networ k. Th is n etwo rk allows the in p ut coupling
capacitor to charge to t h e average dc-voltage level of the
signal applied to t h e probe . Th us any large voltage
transients that may accidentally be generated will not be
applied to the am p lifier input when the Input Coupling switch
is moved from GND to AC . The precharging n etwork also
provides α measure of p rotectio n to the exte rnal ci rcuitry by
redu cing the cu rrent levels that ca n be d rawn from the external circuitry during ca p acitor charging .
The following procedure should be used whenever the
probe ti p is connected to α signal source having α different
do level than t hat previously a pp lied, es p ecially if th e dc-
Operators Familiarization-2213A Operators
level difference is more than 10 times the VOLTS/DIV
switch setting:
3. Connect the probe tip to the signal source and wait
several seconds for the input coupling capacitor to charge .
1 . Set the Input Coupling switch to GND.
2 . Insert the probe tip into the oscilloscope GND connector and wait several seconds for the input coupling capacitor
to discharge .
4. Set the Input Coupling switch to AC . The display will
remain on the screen, and the ac component of the signal
can be measured in the normal manner .
O PERATOR'S ADJU ST MENTS
I NT ROD UCTION
To verify the operatio n and accuracy of yo ur instrument
b efore ma king meas ureme nts, perform the followi ng adj ustment procedu res. If adjustments are required beyond the
scope of the operators's ad justments, refer th e instrument
to α qualifie d service technician.
B efore proceedi ng with t hese instructions, refer to
" Preparation for U se" (Section 2) .
Verify that t he POWER switch is OFF (button out), t h e n
plug t he power co rd nto the p ower-source outlet .
i
If indications specified in t hese p rocedures ca nn ot be obtained, r efe r t h e instrument to α q ualified service technician .
BAS EL I NE T RAC E
First obtain α baseline trace,
proced ure .
using the following
1 . Preset the inst ru ment front- panel controls as follows:
Display
I NTEN SITY
FOC U S
Fu lly countercloc kwise
M idrange
V ertical (Bot h Chann els)
Midrange
POSITIO N
CH 1
VERTICA L MOD E
Off (butto n out)
BW LI MIT
mV
V50
OLTS/DIV
VOLTS/DIV Varia ble
CA L detent
Off (button out)
CH 2 I NVER T
AC
Input Coupling
Horizontal
POSITIO N
H O RIZONTA L MOD E
SEC/DI
0
V
SEC/DI V Varia ble
Χ10 M ag nifier
Range Selector
MULTI PLIER
Midrange
ΝΟ ID LY
.5 ms
CA L detent
Off (knob in)
0.4 ms
< Χ1
TRIGGER
VAR HOLDO FF
Mode
S LO PE
LEVEL
ΙΝΤ
SO UR CE
ΕΧΤ CO UPLING
NORM
Ρ-Ρ AUTO
OUT
Midrange
VERT M OD E
ΙΝΤ
AC
2. Press in the P OWER switc h button (ON) and allow the
instrument to warm up (20 minutes is recommended for
maximum accuracy).
3 . Ad just the INTEN SITY control for desired display
brightness .
4 . Ad just the Vertical and H orizontal POSITIO N co ntrols
as needed to center the trace on the screen .
T RAC E ROTATIO N
Normally, the resulting trace will be pa rallel to the center
horizontal graticule line, and the Trace Rotation ad ju stment
s houl d not be req uired . If ad ju stment is needed, perform t h e
following procedure :
1 . Preset instrument controls and obtain α baseline
trace.
2. Use the Channel 1 POSITIO N control to move the
baseline trace to the center horizontal graticule line .
3. If the resulting trace is not parallel to the center horizontal graticule line, use small flat-bit screwdriver to adjust
the TR AC E ROTATIO N control and alig n t he trace with t h e
ce nter ho rizontal graticule line .
PR OBE CO MPEN SATION
M isadj ustment of probe com pensation is α commo n
source of measurement error. M ost attenuator probes are
equ ipped with α com p ensation ad j ustment. To ensure optimum measurement accuracy, always compensate the oscilloscope p ro bes before ma king measurements . Pro be
com pensation is accom p lished as follows :
Operato r s Familiarization-2213A Operators
1 . Preset instrument cont rols and obtai n α baseline
trace.
2. Connect the two 10 Χ p robes (su pp lied with th e instrument) to the CH 1 and CH 2 in pu t connectors .
3. Set bot h VOLTS/DIV switches to 10 mV and set
bot h nput Coupling switch es to DC .
I
4. Select CH 1 VERTICA L MOD E and insert the tip of
the C hannel 1 p robe into the PROBE AD JU ST output j ac k .
5 . Using the a pproximately 1 kH z PR OBE AD JU ST
s q uare-wave sign al as the input, obtain α 5-division dis p lay
of t he signal .
6. Set th e S EC/DI V switch to d isplay seve ral cycles of
the PR OBE ADJU ST signal . U se the Channel 1 POSITIO N
co ntrol to ve rtically center the display.
7. Chec k the wavefo rm presentation for overshoot and
rolloff (see Fig ure 3-2) . If necessary, ad just the p robe compensation for flat tops on the waveforms . Refer to the in
structions supp lied with t he probe for details of
compensation adjustment .
8. Select CH 2 VERTICA L MOD E and connect the
Channel 2 p robe tip to t he PR OBE ADJU ST o utpu t j ack .
9. U se the Channel 2 POSITIO N to vertically center the
display a nd r epeat step 7 for the Channel 2 probe.
10 . Disconnect the p ro bes from the instru ment.
I N T R OD U CTIO N
VO LTAG E
After becoming familiar with the capabilities of the 2213 Α
Oscilloscope an operator can then easily develop convenient methods for making p articular measurements . The information in this section is designed to enhance operator
understanding and to assist in developing efficient techni ques for making specific measurements . Recommended
methods for making basic measurements with your instrument are described in the procedures contained in t his
section.
When α procedure first calls for presetting instrument
controls and obtaining α b aseline trace, refer to the "Operator's Adjustments" part in Section 3 and perform steps 1
through 4 u nder "Baseline Trace" .
ME AS UREMEN TS
AC P eak-to-Peak Voltage
To make α peak-to-peak voltage measurement, use the
following procedure:
ΝΟΤΕ
This procedure may also be used to make voltage
measurements between any two points on the
waveform .
1 . Preset instrument controls and obtain α baseline
trace.
2. Apply t he ac signal to either vertical-channel in p ut
connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display
the channel used .
3. Set the appropriate V OLTS/DIV switch to display
about five d ivisions of the waveform, ensuring that the
V OLTS/DIV Variable control is in the CAL detent .
IN D E X TO BASIC
A PPLICATIO N PR OC E D URE S
V OLTAGE MEASUREMENTS
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4-1
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-3
4-4
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Time
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4-4
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4-5
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4-6
4-7
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4-8
4-8
4-8
DELAYED-SWEEP MAGNIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-9
AC Peak-to-Peak Voltage
Instantaneous Voltage . .
Algebraic Addition . . . . . .
Common-Mode Rejection
Amplitude Comparison . .
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TIME MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . .
Time Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rise Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time Difference Between Pulses
Related Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phase Difference . . . . . . . . . . .
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On
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TELEVISION DISPLAYS . . . . . . . . . . . .
TV Line Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TV Field Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4. Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain α stable
display.
5. Set the SEC/DIV switch to α position that displays
several cycles of the waveform .
6. Vertically position the d isplay so that the negative
peak of the waveform coincides with one of the h orizontal
graticule lines (see Figure 4-1, Point Α).
7 . Horizontally position the display so that one of the
positive peaks coincides with t he center vertical graticule
line (see Figure 4-1, P oint Β).
8. M easure the vertical d eflection from p eak-to-peak
(see Figure 4-1, Point Α to Point Β).
2. Apply t he signal to either vertical-channel input connector and set the VERTICAL MODE switch to display the
channel used .
NOTE
If the amplitude measurement is critical or if the trace
is thick (as α result of hum or noise on th e signal), α
more accurate value can be obtained by meas uring
from the top of α pea k to th e top of α valley. This will
eliminate trace thickness from the measurement.
3. Verify that the V OLTS/DIV Variable control is in t he
CAL detent an d set the Input Coupling switch to GND.
9. Calculate the peak-to-peak voltage, using the following formula:
Volts (ρ-ρ)
=
vertical
deflection
(divisions)
χ
4. Vertically position the baseline trace to the center
V OLTS/DIV
switch setting
i ndicate d b y 1 Χ
(or 10 Χ PROBE when
10Χ probe is used)
h orizontal graticule line . This establishes the ground reference location .
EXAMPLE: The measured peak-to-peak vertical deflection is 4.6 divisions (see Figure 4-1) using α 10Χ attenuator probe with t he V OLTS/DIV switch set to 5 V (at 10Χ
PROBE setting) .
NOTE
If measurements are to be made relative to α voltage
level other than grou nd, set the Input Coupling switch
to DC instead, and apply the reference voltage to the
Input connector. Then position the trace to the reference (horizontal graticule) line .
Substituting the given values :
Volts (ρ-ρ) = 4.6 div χ 5 V/div = 23 V .
5 . Set the COUPLING switch to DC . Points on the
waveform above the ground reference location are positive .
Those points below are negative .
Instantaneous Voltage
To measure instantaneous level at α given point on α
waveform, referred to ground, use the following procedure :
NOTE
1 . Preset instrument controls an d obtain α baseline
trace.
If using Channel 2, ensure that the Chann el 2 INVER T
switch is in its noninverting mo de (button out) .
6 . If necessary, re p eat Step 4 using α different reference line which allows the waveform in Step 5 to be displayed on screen .
7 . Adjust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain α stable display .
_
8. Set the SEC/DIV switch to α p osition that displays
several cycles of the signal .
9. M easure the d ivisions of vertical deflection between
the ground reference line and the point on the waveform at
which t he level is to be determined (see Figure 4-2) .
10 . Calculate th e instantaneous voltage, usi ng the following formula:
V OLTS/DIV
Instantavertical
switch setting
neo us = d eflectio n χ p olarity χ in dicated by 1 Χ
Voltage
(divisio ns)
(or 10 Χ when 10Χ
(+ or -)
p robe is used)
EXA MPLE : The measured vertical deflection from the
refe rence line is 4.6 divisio ns (see Figure 4-2), the wavefo rm point is above the reference li ne, α 10Χ attenuator
p ro be is being used, and the V OLTS/DIV switch is set to
2 V (at 10 Χ probe setting) .
Su bstituting t he give n values :
Instantaneous Voltage = 4.6 div χ (+1) χ 2 V/div =
9.2 V .
Algebraic Add itio n
W it h the VERTICA L MODE switches set to BOTH and
ADD, the waveform d is playe d is the algebraic sum of the
signals applied to the Ch annel 1 and C h a nn el 2 in p uts
(C H 1 + CH 2) . If the Chan nel 2 INVERT button is pressed
in, the waveform dis played is the difference b etween t he
signals a pp lied to the Chann el 1 and Channel 2 inputs (CH 1
- CH 2) . Wh en both VOLTS/DIV switches are set to th e
same deflection factor, the deflection factor i n t he ADD
mode is eq ual to th e deflection factor in d icated b y either
VO LTS/DIV switc h.
Th e following ge neral p recautions should be observed
when using the ADD mode.
α. Do not exceed
oscilloscope .
t he input voltage rating of the
b. Do not apply signals that exceed th e equivalent of
about eight times the V OLTS/DI V switc h settings, since
large voltages may distort the display. For exam ple, with α
V OLTS/DIV switch setting of 0.5 V, th e voltage a pp lied to
that channel should not exceed approximately 4 volts.
c. Use Channel 1 and Channel 2 P OSITIO N control
settings whic h most nearly position t he signal on each ch annel to mi d screen, when viewed in eithe r CH 1 or CH 2
VERTICA L MOD E . This ensures th e greatest d ynamic
range for ADD mode o peration.
d. To attain similar response from each ch annel, set
both t he Channel 1 an d Ch annel 2 Inp ut Coupling switches
to th e same position.
Common-Mode Rejection
The following p rocedure shows h ow to eliminate unwanted ac input-power frequency com ponents . Similar
methods coul d b e used either to eliminate other unwanted
fre q uency components or to provide α do offset .
1 . Preset instrument controls and obtain α baseline
trace.
2 . Apply the signal contai ning the unwanted line-frequ ency components to the CH 1 in pu t connector.
3. Apply α line-frequency signal to the CH 2 in put co nnector . To maximize cancellatio n, the signal ap plied to
Chan nel 2 must be in ph ase with t he unwanted line-frequ ency component on the Channel 1 input .
4. Select BOTH and ALT VERTICA L MOD E an d set
b ot h VOLTS/DIV switches to produce displays of approximately 4- or 5-d ivisio ns in am plitude .
5. Ad ju st the CH 2 V OLTS/DIV switc h and C H 2
V OLTS/DIV Variable control so that the Cha n nel 2 d isplay is
app roximately th e same am p litude as the undesired portion
of th e Channel 1 display (see F igure 4-3Α).
3 . Set the am plitude of the refe rence signal to five vertical divisions b y ad justi ng the V OLTS/DI V switch an d
VOLTS/DI V Variable control.
4. Disconnect the reference signal an d apply t h e unknown signal to be measure d to the same chan nel input .
Adjust the ve rtical position of the waveform so that its bottom edge just touc hes the 0°/ο line on the crt.
5. Horizontally position the waveform so that its top
most features cross the center vertical graticule li ne (see
Figu re 4-4).
6. R ead t he percent ratio directly from the gradu ations
of the center li n e, referring to the 0% and 100% percentage
marks on the left edge of the graticule (1 minor division
equals 4% for α 5- d ivision display) .
6. Select ADD VERTICA L M OD E and press in the
INVERT button, and slig h tly readju st the CH 2 V OLTS/DIV
Variable control for maxim u m cancellation of the und esired
signal component (see Figure 4-3Β).
Am plitude Comparison (Ratio)
In some app lications it may be necessary to esta blish α
set of d eflection factors ot her than those indicated by t he
V O LTS/DIV switch settings . This is u seful for com paring
un known signals to α reference signal of k nown am p litude .
To accomplish t his, α reference signal of kn own amplitude is
first set to an exact number of vertical divisions b y adj usti ng
the V OLTS/DIV switch and Variable co ntrol . Un known sign als can then be q uickly and accurately compared with t he
reference signal without distur bing the setting of the
V O LTS/DIV Variable control . This procedure is as follows:
1 . Preset instrume nt controls and obtain α baseline
trace.
2. Apply the reference signal to either vertical c hannel
input and set the VERTICA L MOD E switch to display the
channel used .
TIME ME AS UREMEN TS
Time Du ration
To measure time b etween two points on α waveform,
use the following procedure.
/
1 . Preset instrument controls an d obtai n α baseline
trace.
2 . Apply the signal to either ve rtical-chan nel input connector and set the VERTICA L MOD E switch to display the
channel used .
3. A djust the TRIGGER LEVEL control to obtain α stable
disp lay .
Fr eque ncy
T he freque ncy of α recu rrent signal ca n be determined
from its time- d uration measureme nt as follows :
4. Set the S EC/DI V switch to display one complete period of the waveform . E nsure t h at t he SEC/DI V Variable
control is in the CA L detent .
1 . M easure the time duration of one waveform cycle using the preceding "Time Duration" measurement procedure.
5. P osition the display to p lace the time-measurement
poi nts on the center ho rizontal graticule line (see F igure 4-5) .
2 . Calculate the reci procal of the time-duratio n value to
determine the fre que n cy of the waveform .
6. M easure the Horizontal distance between the timemeas urement poi nts .
7. Calculate time duration u sing the following fo rmula :
Time
Duration
horizontal
dista nce
(division)
χ
S EC/DI V
switch
setting
magnification factor
E XA MPLE : The d ista nce between t he time meas urement
points is 8.3 divisions (see F igure 4-5), and the SEC/DI V
switch is set to 2 ms p er d ivision. The Χ 10 M ag nifier is
off (kn ob in).
E XA MPLE : The signal in
of 16 .6 ms .
F igure 4-5 h as α time du ration
Calculating the reci procal of time du ration :
F req uency =
1
= 60 H z
1
=
time duration
16 .6 ms
R ise Time
Rise-time measurements use the same met h ods as time
duration, exce pt that the measurements are made between
the 10% and 90% p oi nts of the low to h ig h transition of the
selected waveform (see F igure 4-6) Fall time is measured
between the 90% and 10% points of t he hig h to low transition of the waveform .
1 . Preset instrument controls and obtain α b aseline
trace .
Substituting the given values :
Time Duration = 8.3 div χ 2 ms/div = 16 .6 ms
2. Apply an exact 5-division signal to either verticalchannel input co nn ector and set the VERTICA L M OD E
switch to d is play t he c hannel used.
3. Set the appropriate V OLTS/DIV switch and variable
control for an exact 5-division d is play.
5. Select BOTH VERTICA L MOD E ; then select either
ALT or CHOP, depending on the freq uency of input signals.
4. Vertically position the trace so that the zero reference
of the waveform touches the 0% graticule li ne and the top of
the waveform touc hes the 100% gratic ule line.
6. If the two signals are of op posite polarity, press in the
Channel 2 INVER T button to invert the Channel 2 display
(signals may b e of opposite polarity d ue to 180° p hase
difference) .
5. Horizontally position the d isplay so the 10% p oint on
the waveform intersects the second vertical graticule line .
6. M easure the h orizontal distance between t he 10%
an d 90% points (between P oints Α and Β of Figure 4-6) and
calculate the time duration using the following form ula :
Rise
Time
=
horizontal
distance
(divisions)
χ
SEC/DI V
switch
setting
magnification factor
Exam p le : The h orizontal distance between the 10% and
90% p oints is 5 divisions, and the SEC/DI V switch is set
to 1 μs p er division . The X10 magnifier k nob is off (knob
i n) .
Su bstituting the given values in the formula :
Rise Time
-
5 div χ ; μs/div
-
5 μs
7. Adjust the TR IGGER LEVEL control for α stable
display.
8. Set the SEC/DI V switch to α swee p speed which provides three or more divisions of h orizontal separation between the reference p oints on the two d isplays. Ce nter each
of the disp lays ve rtically (see Figure 4-7)
9 . Measure the horizontal difference between the two
signal reference points an d calculate the time difference using the following formula :
Time
Difference
=
SEC/DI V
switch
setting
χ
horizontal
difference
(divisio ns)
magnification factor
EXA MPLE : Th e S E C/DI V switch is set to 50 μs per division, th e Χ10 M ag nifier is on ( button out) and the h orizontal difference between waveform measurement
points is 4.5 divisions.
Sub stit uting th e give n values in the formula:
Time Difference
Signals
Between Pu lses On Time-Related
The calibrated swee p speed and dual-trace features of
the 2213Α allow measurement of the time difference between two separate events . To measure time difference,
use the following p rocedure :
1 . Preset instrument controls an d obtain α b aseline
trace, then set the TR IGG ER SO UR CE switch to CH 1 .
2 . Set both In p ut Coupling switches to the same p osition, de pen d ing on the ty pe of input coupling desired .
3. Using either probes or cables with eq ual tine delays,
connect α k nown reference signal to the Channel 1 in put
and the com parison signal to the Chann el 2 inp ut .
4. Set both VOLTS/DIV switches for 4- or 5-division
d isplays .
Time
Difference
-
50 μs/di10χ 4.5 div
_
22 .5 μs
Ph ase Diffe rence
In α simila r manner to "Time Difference B etween Two
Time-Related P ulses" ph ase comparison between two signals of the same frequency can be ma d e u sing the dualtrace feature of the 2213Α. Th is method of phase d iffe rence
measurement can be used up to th e freq uency limit of the
vertical d eflectio n system . To mak e α p hase comparison,
use th e following proced ure :
1 . Preset instrumen t controls and obtain α b aseline
trace, then set the ΙΝΤ switch to CH 1 .
2. Set both I nput Co up li ng switches to the same position, de pen d ing on the ty pe of in put cou p ling d esired .
3. U si ng eith er prob es or ca bles with equal time delays,
connect α known refe rence signal to the Chan nel 1 input
and the unk nown signal to the Chann el 2 input .
4. Select BOTH VERTICA L MOD E; then select either
ALT or CH OP, depe nd ing on the frequency of in p ut signals.
The reference signal should precede the comparison signal
in time .
5 . If the two sign als are of opposite polarity, press in
t h e Ch ann el 2 I NVER T button to invert t h e C h an nel 2
display.
6. Set bot h VOLTS/DIV switch es and b ot h Var ia b le
controls so the displays are equal in amplitude .
7. Adj ust the TRIGGER LEVEL co ntrol for α stable
display.
8 . Set t he S E C/DI V switc h to α sweep speed whic h
disp lays abo ut one full cycle on the waveforms.
9. Positio n the d isplays an d adj ust the S EC/DI V Variable co nt rol so t hat one reference-sig nal cycle occup ies exactly 8 h orizontal gratic ule divisions at the 50% rise-time
points (see F igure 4-8) . E ach division of the graticule now
represents 45° of the cycle (360° - 8 d ivisio ns), an d J he
horizontal graticule cali bration can be stated as 45°/per
d ivision .
10 . M easure th e ho rizontal differen ce between corresponding points on the waveforms at α common horizontal graticule line (50% of rise time) an d calculate the phase
difference using the following formula:
Ph ase
Difference
=
horizontal
difference
(divisio ns)
horizontal
χ
graticule
cali bration
(deg/div)
Exam ple : The horizontal difference is 0.6 d ivision with α
graticule calibration of 45° p er division as shown in F igure 4-8.
Substituting the given values into the phase
fo rmula :
d iffere nce
Ph ase difference = 0.6 div χ 45°/div = 27° .
More accurate ph ase measurements can be made by using the Χ10 Magnifier function to increase the sweep speed
without changing the SEC/DI V Variable control setting.
EXA MPLE : If the swee p speed were increased 10 times
with t he magnifier (Χ10 M ag nifie r butto n out), the magnified h orizontal graticule cali bration would be 45°/division
d ivided by 10 (or 4 .5°/division). Fig ure 4-9 shows the
same signals illustrated in Fig ure 4-8, but magnifyi ng the
displays resu lts in α horizontal difference of 6 division s
between the two signals.
Substituting the given values in t h e phase difference
fo r mula :
Phase difference = 6 div χ 4.5°/div = 27° .
6. Select the DLY'D HORIZON TA L MOD E and increase
the swee p speed to magnify the intensified portion of the
swee p (see Fig ur e 4-10).
EXA MPLE : Determine the appa rent magnification of α
display with an initial S EC/DI V switc h setting of 0.1 ms
p er division and the secon d SEC/DI V switch setting of
1 μs p er division .
7 . The apparent swee p magnification can be calculated
from the following formula:
Ap p arent
Delayed Swee p
Magnificatio n
initial SEC/DI V setting
second S E C DI V setting
Su bstituting the given values :
Appa rent
M agnification
1 χ 104s
1 χ 106s
=
10 2 =100
I N T R OD U CTIO N
STA N DA R D ACC E SSO R I E S
This section contains α gen eral description of instrument
options available at the time of p ub lication of this manual .
Also included is α com p lete list (with Tektronix part nu mber)
of stan dard accessories i n cluded with each instrume nt and
α partial list of optional accesso ries. Additional informatio n
ab out instrument options, option availability, and ot her accessories ca n be obtained either by consulting the current
Tektronix Product Catalog or by contacting your Te ktronix
Field Office or representative .
The following standar d accessories are provi d ed with
each instrument .
Order
Desc ription
2
P robes, 10Χ 1 .5-meter lengt h with
1
Power Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161-0104-00
1
Operators Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 070-4734-00
accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 010-6122-01
OP TIO N A L ACC E SSO R I E S
OPTIO N S
T he following optional accessories are recommen ded for
use with t he 2213Α Oscillosco pe.
There are currently no options availa ble for the 2213 Α.
Or
Desc ription
IN T ERN ATIO N A L P O WER CO R DS
Instruments are shipp ed with t he detachable power-co rd
config uration ordere d by the customer . Descri ptive information about the international power-cords is provided in Section 2, " Prep aratio n fo r Use" . The following list i d entifies the
Tektronix part numbers for the availa ble power cords .
Description
oty
Order
U niversal Euro 10-16 Α, 50 Hz . . . . . . . . . . 020-0859-00
North America n 240 V/1 5A, 60 Hz . . . . . . . 020-0862-00
Switze rland 220 V/10Α, 50 Hz . . . . . . . . . . 020-0863-00
Service Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
070-4733-00
Protective Front Panel Cover . . . . . . . . .
200-2520-00
Co rd Wr ap and Storage P ouc h . . . . . . .
016-0677-00
W ra p, and Storage
Protective Front Panel Cover, Cord
P ouch . . . . . . . . . . . .
020-0672-00
Carrying Stra p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
346-0199-00
Carryi ng Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
016-0694-00
Rac kmoun t Adapter Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
016-0466-00
SCO PE-M OBILE CA RT-Occupies less
th an 18 inches of aisle s p ace, with stor
age area in b ase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M odel 2000
L ow-Cost, Ge neral- P ur p ose Camera . . . C-5C Option 04
UK 240 V /13 Α, 50 Ηz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 020-0860-00
Australian 240 V /10Α, 50 Hz . . . . . . . . . . . . 020-0861-00
der
ω