Circuits, Devices, Networks, and Microelectronics
Biquadratic filter functions and root-loci
475
Biquadratic frequency response forms
461-462
Biquadratic loops
447
Biquadratic profiles
447-448
Biquadratic transfer functions (biquads)
88 -94
BJT cross-section
211
Bode asymptote approximate form
86
Bode magnitude plot
80
Bode phase plot
80
Bode plot limit value analysis
87
Body effect
260
Body effect
287-288
Boltzmann constant
178
Buffered opamp topologies
111
Built-in E-field
177
Buried-channel FETs
266
Butterworth profiles for low-pass biquad
464-465
Capacitance
43 -48, 51
Capacitances in parallel
46
Capacitances in series
47
Cascaded stages and noise
507-508
Cascode configuration
325-328
CCT (current-current transducer)
35
CE topology, frequency domain analysis
322-325
Channel resistance
347
Charge carrier types
173
Charge pump
195, 289
Charge redistribution
281
Charge redistribution
53 -54
Charge splitting
281
Charge stored by capacitance
44
Charge stored under electric field
43
Charge transfer power PQ for CMOS
278
Chebyshev profiles for low-pass biquad
464-465
Clamping diodes
363
Class-A amplifiers
339-340, 347-350
Class-AB amplifiers
356-359
Class-AB Darlington configuration
359
Class-B amplifiers
339-340, 351-353
Class-C amplifiers
339-340
Class-D amplifiers
339-340, 370-373
CMOS dynamic power consumption
275-278
CMOS inverter (benchmark)
274-278
CMOS inverter transfer curve
275
CMOS logic synthesis
269-274
CMOS source-coupled pair
414
CMOS transistor-level synthesis
272-274
CMRR for opamp
431-432
INDEX
1/f noise
511
3dB corner
82
3dB reference level
39
Abrupt pn junction
177
AC ground concept
231
AC magnitude
159
Acceptor impurities
174, 176
AC-DC converters
187 – 194
Active filters
459-484, 468
Active-load emitter-coupled pair (ECP)
408-411
Active-load source-coupled-pair (SCP)
414
Adjustable level shifter
197-201
Admittance and Impedance
76, 80
Admittance definition
74
Ambient temperature TA
336
Ampere’s law
50
Apparent power
159
Aspect ratio, CMOS
276
Average power
159
Back-gate bias
257, 288
Back-gate bias
259
Balanced 3-phse systems
169
Balanced CMOS
282, 283
Ballistic channels
175
Ballistic channels
257
Band-gaps
173
Band-pass bandwidth
90
Band-pass biquadratic profile
448
Bandpass
448
Bandwidth of opamp with feedback
424, 428
Base node of BJT
211
Base-spreading resistance
513
Bessel-Thomson profiles for low-pass biquad
464-465
Bilinear frequency response forms
460-461
Bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
210
Biquad all-pass profiles
89
Biquad band-pass profiles
89
Biquad band-stop profiles
89
Biquad phase-shifters
89
Biquadratic active circuit topologies
469-475
Biquadratic characteristic denominator
88
Biquadratic characteristic frequency
447
Biquadratic characteristic frequency
88
530
Circuits, Devices, Networks, and Microelectronics
Coaxial cable
488
Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier
195
Collector drain field
258, 259
Collector
211
Common-base configuration
242
Common-collector configuration
236
Common-emitter configuration
229-237
Common-mode gain
401
Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
401,405,
407, 413
Common-mode rejection
419,431
Common-source (CS) topology
295-300
Compensation capacitance of opamp
433
Compensation of opamp to a STC response
422
Complementary logic devices
269
Complementary switches
377
Complementary transistor devices
257
Complex plane
73, 84 -85
Complex power
158
Conductance
9
Conduction band edge
174
Conduction characteristics of pn junction
178
Conduction coefficient beta
268
Conduction coefficient K
261, 263
Conduction coefficient 
263
Conductivity
10
Constant-voltage drop (CVD) model of diode,
180, 181-186
Contact thermal resistance
337
Core-loss shunt resistance
148
Coulombs
44, 48
Counter-doping
176
Coupling capacitances
307
Critical damping
63
Cross-over distortion
355
Cubic distortion
521
Current divider
19
Current mirror
248
Current pulse, CMOS
277, 281
Current source
18, 64
Current sources
248 - 249
Current steering
395-396
Current stored under magnetic field
43
Current-follower configuration
242
CVT (current-voltage transducer)
35
Darlington pair
358
dB measure (amplitude ratios)
38
dB measure (power ratios)
38
dBm
506
dBW
506
DC-DC indirect up-down converter
388
Decibel (dB measure)
38
Dependent sources
35
De-rated power
338, 339
Desensitivity factor
446-447
Design criterion for output voltage levels
221
Device I-V measurement techniques
114
Diamond lattice
175
Dielectric constant
44
Dielectric materials
43
Dielectric strength
44, 45
Diffamp topologies with opamps
119
Differential amplifier
107
Differential amplifier
395
Differential coupled pair 395
Differential topology
124
Diffusion capacitance for BJT
315
Digital-analog converter (DAC)
112 -113
Diode bridge
188
Diode capacitance model
180
Diode conductance models
180
Diode state table
185
Direct down-converter
380
Direct up-converter
383-387
Displacement filed D
49
Distortion
353-354
Distributed parasitic reactance
487
Dominant poles
308
Donor impurities
174, 176
Double-diffused structure
346
Doubly-terminated RLC ladder and 5th-order
Chebyshev
482-484
Doubly-terminated RLC ladders 477-478
Down converter
377-383
Drain characteristics of JFET
295
Drift region
344
Duty cycle classification of power amplifiers
339, 340
Duty cycle of series switch
379
Dynamic current Itran, IQ 278
Dynamic range
501, 522
Early effect
228
Early voltage
228-229, 261
Ebers-Moll model of BJT
224
ECP half
401
ECP with Darlington-pair inputs
404
531
Circuits, Devices, Networks, and Microelectronics
Effect of feedback on opamp Rin
424-425
Effect of feedback on opamp Rout
428-429
Efficiency in power amplifiers
335
EKV model
283- 287
Electric double-layer capacitance
46
Electrical facts by decomposition
13,16,18
Electrolytic capacitances
46
Electronic charge
44
Emission coefficient
178
Emitter bypass capacitance
225
Emitter
211
Emitter-coupled pair
396-401
Emitter-follower configuration
236
Energy density
43
Energy storage in an inductance
64
Energy storage on a capacitance
64
Energy stored in a transformer
148 -149
Energy stored on a capacitance
47
Equal-capacitance realization
483
Equivalent input impedance Zin
425-428
Equivalent input pseudo-capacitance Ceq
427
Equivalent output impedance Zout
429-430
Equivalent output pseudo-inductance Leq
428
Euler form
69, 73
Exponential transient response
52, 57
Extended small-signal models
313
Faraday’s law
56
Farads
44
Feedback effect on I/O impedances
446
Feedback factor for opamp
419
Feedback factor 
108
Feedback for opamp with finite gain
419-422
Feedback, generic
443
Feedback, negative
443
Fleige topology
481
Flux linkages
134 -144
Fold-over current limiting
363-365
Forward –active mode of BJT
211
Forward bias of pn junction
178
Forward current gain
213
Four-resistance bias frame
218
Four-resistance bias frame, JFET
290
Fourth-order Butterworth profile using Sallen-Key
476
Fourth-order Chebyshev profile using root-loci
477
Fourth-order Chebyshev profile using Sallen-Key
477
Free-space wavelength
490
Frequency rescaling
465-468
Frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR)
480-481
Fugacity
501
Full-wave rectifier with capacitance
190
Full-wave rectifier
188
Gain margin (GM)
444
Gain stabilization
445
Gain-bandwidth (GB) product
325
Gain-bandwidth product (GB) of opamp
423
Gain-peaking (GP)
448, 455
Gain-peaking and phase margin (PM)
457
Gain-peaking frequency
452-453
Gender nomenclature for jFETs
268
Generalized Impedance Converter (GIC)
481-482
Half-wave rectifier with capacitance
190
Half-wave rectifier
187
Heat sink resistance
337
Henrys
50
HEXFETs
347
High frequency corner
308
High-pass profiles
84, 88
Holes as bubblets
174 -175
Holes
173, 174
Hybrid-pi model of BJT
228, 229
Ideal diode equation
178
Ideal lossless transformer
137
Ideal rectifier model of diode
180, 187
Ideal switch
377
Impedance definition
74
Impedance-magnitude rescaling
468
Incomplete flux coupling
146
Inductance
48 -51, 56, 132
Inductive complementary switching
380
Input resistance
36
Instantaneous power dissipation
361
Instrumentation amplifier (IA)
120
Instrumentation amplifier
432
Interior loops in mesh analysis
22
Intermodulation distortion
521
Intrinsic conductivity
262
Inversion layer
258
Inverter threshold VIT
276
Inverting topology
419-422
Ion implantation
176, 210
Ionized layer
176
Johnson noise
503
532
Circuits, Devices, Networks, and Microelectronics
Johnson-Nyquist noise
502
Junction FETs (jFETs)
266 - 269
Junction temperature TJ
336
Karnaugh maps and CMOS
272-274
Kirchoff current law
17, 77
Kirchoff voltage law
17, 77
k- mA convention
10
LaPlace transforms
84
Lateral bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
284-286
Law of loops
17
Law of nodes
17
LC characteristic frequency 0
95
LC characteristic resistance R0
95
LC time constant
59
Lead and lag relationships
73
Leakage inductance
147, 148
Level shifter
194, 197
Line phase
493
Line voltage
165, 169
Linear equation for mesh analysis
24
Linear equation for nodal analysis
24
Load capacitance for CMOS
279
Log-log frequency profiles
80
Loop gain
443
Lossless components
153
Low frequency corner
308
Low-pass biquadratic profile
448
Low-pass profiles
81, 88, 93
Macromodel for LF411 opamp
436-437
Macromodel for LM342 opamp
435-436
Magnetic field intensity H
49, 131
Magnetic flux density B
48, 131
Magnetic flux
50, 134
Magnetizing inductance
147, 148
Magneto-motive force
50
Majority carriers
176
Matched load
490,493
Maximally flat
93
Maximally-flat biquad profile
449
Maximum allowed current IDSS for jFET
268, 269
Maximum power bandwidth
433
Maximum power efficiency theorem
30
Maximum power hyperbola
338
Maximum power transfer theorem
29
Maximum rated junction temperature TJ(max) 336
Mesh analysis
22
Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS)
256
Metglas
49
Microstrip lines
494
Midband gain
308
Miller integrator
122
Miller integrator, lossy
123
Miller multiplication effect
321
Mil-spec requirements
337
Minimum detectible signal 506
Minimum feature size
261
Minority-carrier flow
179
Mobility
262
MOS capacitance matrix
263-264
MOS capacitance
264
MOS charge-pump
288,289
MOSFET
256 - 266
MOSIS
258, 264
Multiport networks
34
Mutual inductance
135, 144
NAND gate synthesis and CMOS
271
NAND gate synthesis
269, 271
n-channel MOSFET
256
Negative (corrective) feedback
108
Nodal analysis
19, 77-78
Nodes and branches
15
Noise bandwidth
502,504
Noise factor
505
Noise figure
506
Noise floor
506
Noise in amplifiers
510
Noise nomenclature in pspice
518-520
Noise spectral density (NSD)
510
Noise temperature
505
Nomograph
496, 498
Non-ideal transformer
144 -148
Non-inverting integrator
126
Non-inverting topology
419-421
NOR gate synthesis in CMOS
271
NOR gate synthesis
269, 271
Norator
109
Normalized damping coefficient 
63, 94
Normalized forms
465
Normalized impedance
495
Norton theorem
25-26, 33-34, 79
Norton-Thevenin equivalence
26
npn transistor
211, 212
n-type charge carriers
176
Nullator pinning
113
Nullator
109
Nullator-norator
107, 109
533
Circuits, Devices, Networks, and Microelectronics
Nullator-norator
419, 347
Nyquist formula
503
Nyquist plot
443
Ohm’s law
9,76
Ohm’s law, bulk form
262
Opamp band-pass topology
124 -125
Opamp macromodels
434-440
Operating point analysis for BJT
214, 216
Operating point for FET
292, 293, 294
Operational amplifier characteristics
107
Operational amplifier, ideal
107
Optimization of noise factor
520
Optimized collector current IC
516
Optimum source resistance
512
Output conductance of transistor
208, 209
Output resistance
36 -37
Overdamped
63
Parabolic model of FETs
258, 260
Parasitic capacitances CGD and CGS for MOSFET`
317-318
Parasitic capacitances CJD and CJS for MOSFET`
318
Parasitic capacitances C and C for BJT
315
Parasitic capacitances for JFET
316
Parasitic capacitances
310-320
Patents of note
194,
Peak detector
194
Permeability of free space
49
Permeability
43, 49, 131
Permittivity of free space
44
Permittivity of SiO2
263
Permittivity
43
Pf (power factor) specification
159
Phase margin (PM)
444
Phase shift
70, 72, 81, 84
Phase velocity
490
Phase voltage
169
Phasors
155 -156
pin junction
342-343
Pinch off at the drain
260
Pinch-off at the source
267
Pink noise
511
pn junctions
176 -180
pnp transistor
211, 212
Poles and zeros
85
Potentiometer
15
Power amplifier power flow
335
Power BJT
344-346
Power bridge
367-369
Power dissipated during transition
389-390
Power dissipated in a resistance
28
Power dissipated in the circuit, PD
335 -338
Power factor and angles
162
Power factor
153
Power MOSFET
346-347
Power opamps
365-369
Power transfer ratio
37
Power transistors
341-342, 344-347
Power triangle
160
Propagation constant
490
Protoboard capacitances
314
Pseudocapacitance
46
p-type charge carriers
176
Pull-up, pull-down context
264, 274
Pulse overshoot (OS)
456
Pulse-width modulation
370
Quadratic denominator, roots
93 - 94
Quadrature relationships
153
Quality factor Q
91, 92
Quarter-wave transformer
494
Quasi-saturation
344-346
R-2R (binary) feedback ladder
111
R-2R ladder
17, 111
Rail-to-rail logic
275
RC rescaling
467-468
RC time constant
52, 59, 80
Reactance definition
74
Reactance paths
498-499
Reactive components
70
Reactive conductance (admittance)
72
Reactive power
159
Reactive resistance (impedance)
71
Recombination time constant
180
Reflected impedances (across a transformer)
138
Reflection coefficient 
489, 490
Reflection coefficient 0
489, 490
Refractory metals
256
Relative permeability
49
Relative permittivity of SiO2
45
Relative permittivity
44
Relative polarities of windings
136
Reluctance and inductance 50
Reluctance
50, 132
Rescaling frequency
467
Resistance
9
Resistance ‘looking into’ the base
232, 239
534
Circuits, Devices, Networks, and Microelectronics
Resistance ‘looking into’ the collector
232, 233
Resistance ‘looking -into’ the emitter 239-241, 243
Resistance in parallel
12
Resistances in series
13
Resistivity
10
Resonance peaking
91, 92
Reverse bias of pn junction
178
Reverse saturation current
178, 179
Ring-of three biquad
472
Ripple factor of Chebyshev profile
477
Ripple in DC-DC converters 379, 382-383, 386
Ripple in the pass-band
465
Ripple in the stop-band
465
R-L time constant
56, 59, 80
RLC amplitude decay constants
61
RLC rescaling
468
RLC topologies
58 - 63
RLC:CRD transformation and 5th-order Chebyshev
482-484
RLC:CRD transformation
480-481
Rms amplitudes
154
Roll-off and profile order
93
Roll-off corner
80
Roll-off slope
80
Root-loci for biquadratic functions
456
Rotational speed
158
Rotor and Stator
164
Rough analysis of operating point 221-222
Sallen-Key tunable-Q topology
469-470
Sallen-Key, Saraga low-sensitivity design 471
Sallen-Key, tapering factor
470
Sampling and insertion in feedback
446
Second-order profiles, RLC
94 -104
Self-inductance
135
Semiconductors
173
Series switch
379
Short-circuit current
309
Short-circuit protection
363
Shortcut push principle for Nodal analysis 20
Shot noise
510-511, 513-5-14
Shunt switch
379
Signal division
37
Signal to noise ratio
504
Silicides
256
Silicon lattice
174, 175
Simple current mirror
248 - 249
Simple current mirror
402
Simple inverting topology
109 -110, 121
Simple non-inverting topology
109, 110, 121
Simple R-C transient networks
53
Simple R-L transient networks
57
Simusoidal analysis
69 -79
Single-ended ECP
400
Single-time constant profile
80
Slew-rate
419,433-434
Small-signal model of JFET
294
Small-signal model of transistor
208, 209
Small-signal model, BJT
223, 227
Smith chart
495-499
Snubber
363
Source absorption, techniques and context
32, 33
Source-coupled pair (SCP)
411-414
Source-drain-gate-body nomenclature
256
Source-follower topology
301-303
Space-charge layer
177
Space-time
69
Speed limitation of pn junctions
180
Speed of light
490
s-plane
84
Stability of circuits with feedback
444
Standing-wave ratio (SWR)
492
State-variable filters
471-472
STC analysis of transistor topologies
307
Step-down transformer
138
Step-up transformer
138
Step-up, step-down transformer pair
141
Stiff current sources
401-404
Stiff node of the transistor
207, 232
Sub-micron technologies
261
Summing point
115
Super-beta transistor
358
Supercapacitances
46, 64
Superposition, principle of
31 -34
Surface-channel FETs
256 - 266
Susceptance definition
74
Susceptance paths
498-499
Symbolic decomposition of resistance ladders
14
Tee feedback networks
116
Tee-network of inductances
145
Temperature coefficient of pn junction
191
Temperature coefficient of Zener diode
191
Teslas
49
Thermal diffusion pressures
178
Thermal noise current
501-502
Thermal noise voltage
501-502
Thermal noise
503
535
Circuits, Devices, Networks, and Microelectronics
Thermal resistance
336
Thermal runaway
357
Thermal voltage default at 300K
179
Thermal voltage
178
Thevenin resistance
26 -27
Thevenin theroem
25 -26, 33 -34, 79
Thevenin voltage
26
Thin-oxide tOX
256
Three-phase power
164 -169
Three-phase rectified output
189
Threshold voltage VTH
259
Time constants
52, 56, 59, 80
Time-averaged sinusoidal power
340
Time-averaging
378-379
T-models of non-deal transformers 145 -146
Toroid
48
Tow-Thomas biquad
472
Transcapacitance
289
Transconductance for FET
289-291
Transconductance
208, 209
Transconductance
35
Transfer functions (transfer ratios) 35-36, 81, 83, 85
Transfer functions, quadratic
87 -92
Transfer functions, RLC parallel
98 -101
Transfer functions, RLC series 94 -98, 103 -104
Transformer circuit symbols
138
Transformer constant
146, 147
Transformer coupling factor k
144, 145
Transformer polarity conventions
138
Transformer turns ratio
138
Transformer: Comprehensive non-ideal model 148
Transformer: Core-loss shunt resistance
148
Transformer: Leakage inductance
147, 148
Transformer: Magnetizing inductance
147, 148
Transient analysis
51 - 63
Transistor species
209
Transistor, generic
207
Transition power Ptran
277, 278
Transmission line impedance Z0
488
Transmission lines
487-489
Transport field
258, 259
Transresistance
35
Transverse E-fields
255
Triangular to sinusoidal wave-shaping
203
Turn-on and turn-0ff times in switches
390
Two-integrator loop
471
Two-port networks
34 -37
Two-tone intercept level
522
UHF regime
487
Uncovered impurity sites
177
Underdamped
63
Unit circle
444
Unity-gain buffer
112
Unity-gain frequency of opamp
423
Valence band edge
173
VBE multiplier
359
VCT (voltage-current transducer)
35
Velocity saturation
257
Velocity saturation
347
Virtual connection
108
Virtual connection
422
Voltage divider
15
Voltage doubler
195
Voltage multiplier
195
Voltage source
18, 64
Voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR)
492
Voltage supply rails
181
Voltage transfer ratios
37
Voltage-follower topology
236
Voltage-follower topology
301
Voltage-variable capacitance
180
VVT (voltage-voltage transducer)
35
War of currents
187
Wave-shaping circuits
201-204
Webers
48, 131
White (full-spectrum) noise
503
Wideband emitter-coupled pair
329-331
Wilson current mirror
403
Wye -Delta transformations
164 -166
YZ-Smith chart
497
Zener breakdown effect
191
Zener diode
191
Zener regulation
191, 192
Zener voltage
191 -192
Zero frequency gain of opamp
423
Zero-bias threshold voltage VTH0
260
Z-Smith chart
495-496
536