Iªjh« tF¥ò
Ïu©lh« gUt«
bjhFÂ 1
jäœ
ENGLISH
é‰gid¡F m‹W
Ô©lhik kåjneak‰w braY« bgU§F‰wK« MF«
eh£L¥g©
#d fz kd mÂehaf #a nA
ghuj gh¡a éjhjh
gŠrhg ìªJ F#uhj kuh£lh
Âuhél c¤fy g§fh
éªÂa ïkhry aKdh f§fh
c¢ry #y ju§fh
jt Rg ehnk #hnf
jt Rg MÁ[ khnf
fhnA jt #a fhjh
#d fz k§fs jhaf #a nA
ghuj gh¡a éjhjh
#a nA #a nA #a nA
#a #a #a #a nA!
- kfhfé ÏuŪÂuehj jhT®
eh£L¥g© - bghUŸ
ϪÂa¤ jhna! k¡fë‹ Ï‹g J‹g§fis¡ fâ¡»‹w Úna
všyhUila kd¤ÂY« M£Á brŒ»whŒ.
ã‹ ÂU¥bga® gŠrhigÍ«, ÁªJitÍ«, T®¢ru¤ijÍ«,
kuh£oa¤ijÍ«, Âuhél¤ijÍ«, xçrhitÍ«, t§fhs¤ijÍ« cŸs¡
»s®¢Á mila¢ brŒ»wJ.
ã‹ ÂU¥bga® éªÂa, Ïkakiy¤ bjhl®fëš vÂbuhè¡»wJ;
aKid, f§if MWfë‹ Ï‹bdhèæš x‹W»wJ; ϪÂa¡
flyiyfshš tz§f¥gL»wJ.
mit ã‹dUis nt©L»‹wd; ã‹ òfiH¥ guλ‹wd.
ϪÂahé‹ Ï‹g J‹g§fis¡ fâ¡»‹w jhna!
bt‰¿!
bt‰¿!
bt‰¿!
iii
cd¡F
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM
iv
j䜤jhŒ thœ¤J
ÚuhU§ flYL¤j ãyklªij¡ bfêbyhGF«
ÓuhU« tjdbkd¤ Âfœguj¡ f©läš
bj¡fzK« m‰Áwªj Âuhéleš ÂUehL«
j¡fÁW ÃiwEjY« jç¤jeWª ÂyfKnk!
m¤Âyf thridnghš mid¤JyF« Ï‹gKw
v¤ÂirÍ« òfœkz¡f ÏUªjbgUª jäHz§nf
jäHz§nf!
c‹Óçsik¤ Âw« éaªJ braškwªJ thœ¤JJnk!
thœ¤JJnk!
thœ¤JJnk!
- ‘kndh‹kâa«’ bg. Rªjudh®.
njÁa xUik¥gh£L cWÂbkhê
‘eh£o‹ cçik thœitÍ« xUik¥gh£ilÍ« ngâ¡ fh¤J
tY¥gL¤j¢ bra‰gLnt‹' v‹W cskhu eh‹ cWÂ TW»nw‹.
‘xUnghJ« t‹Kiwia ehnl‹' v‹W«, rka«, bkhê, t£lhu«
Kjèait fhuzkhf vG« ntWghLfS¡F« óršfS¡F« Vida
muÁaš - bghUshjhu¡ FiwghLfS¡F« mik be¿æY« muÁaš
mik¥Ã‹ têæY« ã‹W ԮΠfh©ng‹' v‹W« eh‹ nkY«
cWÂaë¡»nw‹.
cWÂbkhê
ϪÂah vdJ ehL. ϪÂa® midtU« v‹ cl‹ Ãwªjt®fŸ.
v‹ eh£il eh‹ bgçJ« neÁ¡»nw‹. Ϫeh£o‹ gH«bgUik¡fhfΫ
g‹Kf kuò¢ Áw¥ò¡fhfΫ eh‹ bgUäj« mil»nw‹. Ϫeh£o‹
bgUik¡F¤ jFªJ és§»l v‹W« ghLgLnt‹.
v‹Dila bg‰nwh®, MÁça®fŸ, vd¡F taš _¤njh®
midtiuÍ« kÂ¥ng‹; všyhçlK« m‹ò« kçahijÍ« fh£Lnt‹.
v‹ eh£o‰F« v‹ k¡fS¡F« ciH¤Âl KidªJ ã‰ng‹.
mt®fŸ eyK« tsK« bgWtÂnyjh‹ v‹W« k»œ¢Á fh©ng‹.
v
vi
bghUsl¡f«
Ïaš
1.
jäœ ( 1 -41 )
ghl¤ jiy¥ò
ÂU¡FwŸ
g¡f«
1
fiy cy»š fiythz®
bt‰¿æ‹ Kj‰go
2.
bg©fšé
czΤ ÂUéHh
15
x‰Wikna gy«
3.
F«äao bg©nz F«äao
Á¤Âiu¥ bghU£fh£Á
fhilæ‹ E©z¿Î
Ï¥ghlüèš Ï›ÎL¡F¿æ£l
ghlšfŸ kd¥ghl¥gFÂ
vii
vii
29
CONTENTS
ENGLISH ( 42 - 78)
UNIT
1.
TITLE
PAGE No.
Prose – Health is Wealth
47
Poem – Keeping clean
2.
Prose – The Nightingale of India
Poem – The Flag goes by
viii
63
jäœ
Iªjh« tF¥ò
Ïu©lh« gUt«
IX
X
ÂU¡FwŸ
brŒÍŸ
Ïaš – 1
éid¤Â£g«
1 . brhšYjš ah®¡F« vëa mçath«
brhšèa t©z« braš.
ghlšbghUŸ
Ï¢braiy
ϛthW
brŒJ
Ko¡fyh«
vd¢
brhšYjš
vt®¡F« vëJ ; Mdhš, brhšèago brŒJ Ko¤jš mçJ.
brhšbghUŸ : brhšèat©z« - brhšèago
m¢rhâ m‹dh® cil¤J.
ghlšbghUŸ
xUtç‹ njh‰w¤ij¡ bfh©L Ïfœjš TlhJ ; Vbdåš,
cU©nlhL« bgç a njiu¡ fh¥gJ, mj‹ Á¿a m¢rhâna.
brhšbghUŸ
cUÎ
-
cUt«
vŸshik
-
ÏfœªJ ngrhik
m‹dh®
-
ngh‹wt®
bgUik
1 . gâÍkh« v‹W« bgUik ÁWik
mâÍkh« j‹id éaªJ.
ghlšbghUŸ
bgUªj‹ikahd Fz« bfh©lt‹, všyhçlK« v¥bghGJ«
gâthf elªJbfhŸth‹.
Ïêªj Fz« cilat‹, v¥nghJ«
j‹id¤ jhnd ghuh£o¥ òfœªJ bfhŸth‹.
1
jäœ
2 . cUÎf©L vŸshik nt©L« cUŸbgUªnj®¡F
brhšbghUŸ
gâÍkh«
-
gâthf el¥g®
ÁWik
-
Ïêªj Fz«
2. bgUik cilat® M‰Wth® M‰¿‹
mUik cila braš.
ghlšbghUŸ
bgUik cilat® Ãwuhš vëš brŒa Ïayhj mça
brašfis, élhKa‰ÁÍl‹ brŒJ Ko¡F« M‰wš cilat®
jäœ
Mt®.
brhšbghUŸ
M‰Wth®
-
brŒth®
mUik
-
vëš brŒa Ïayhj mça braš
gæ‰Á
m. Ãç¤J vGJf.
1. cUÎf©L
=
______________________________
2. bgUªnj®
=
______________________________
M. brh‰bwhlçš mik¤J vGJf.
1. Ïfœjš
: _________________________________
2. ghuh£L
: _________________________________
3. éU¥g«
: _________________________________
4. ÁWik
: _________________________________
Ï. éil vGJf.
1. xUtç ‹ cUt¤ij¡ f©L Ïfœjš TlhJ, V‹?
2. mç a braiy¢ brŒJ Ko¥gj‰F ek¡F¤ njitahdJ vJ?
2
ÏizªJ brŒnth«
m. cça éilia¤ bjçÎbrŒJ rç¡F¿ (
) ÏLf.
m. bgUik¡ Fz« cilat® ah®?
1. midtU¡F« cjé brŒgt®.
2. ahU¡F« cjthjt®.
3. Ão¤jtU¡F k£L« cjé brŒgt®.
M. Ïêªj Fz« cilat® ah®?
1. Ãw® bghUis vL¤J¡bfhŸgt®.
3. mjid¥nghynt x‹wid th§»¡ bfhŸsyh« vd ãid¥gt®.
Ï. gâÎ v‹gJ
1. ah® vjid¡ T¿dhY« m¥gona V‰W¡bfhŸSjš.
2. ah® vjid¡ T¿dhY« kW¤J¥ ngRjš.
3. cçat‰iw V‰W¡bfhŸSjš. jtW våš, j‹ fU¤ij
és¡fkhf¡ TWjš.
ÁªÂ¡fyhkh?
M«, mjdhšjh‹ gy Á¿a
gwitfŸ, j§fSila T£il,
fç¢rh‹ FUéæ‹ T£o‰F
mU»š mik¤J¡ bfhŸS«.
Á¿a gwitahf ÏUªjhY«
j‹id¤ jh¡f
tU« bgça gwitia
v®¤J¥ nghuhL«
j‹ik bfh©lJ
fç¢rh‹ FUé
cUt¤ij¡ f©L xUtiu kÂ¥Ãlyhkh? c‹ fU¤ij¡ TWf.
3
jäœ
2. cçatç‹ x¥òjnyhL vL¤J¡bfhŸgt®.
ciueil
fiy cy»š fiythz®
jäœ
m‹W, ehlf« KoªjJ« k¡fŸ T£l«, nkilia
neh¡» XoaJ. mªehlf¤Âš äf¢ Áw¥ghf eo¤ÂUªj
ÁWtD¡F¥ ghuh£LfŸ Féªjd. éHhé‰F¤
jiyikna‰w rjhtjhå brŒF¤j«Ã¥
ghty®,
“Ï¢ÁWt‹ tU§fhy¤Âš khbgU« nkijahf
és§f¥ngh»wh‹; Ïtdhš, jäœehnl bgUikaila¥
ngh»wJ” v‹W ghuh£o¥ ngÁdh®. mªj msé‰F
midtç ‹ ftd¤ijÍ« <®¤j m¢ÁWt‹ ah® bjçÍkh?
ehŠÁš ehL vd miH¡f¥gL« Fkç kht£l«, v©z‰w
fiyP®fisÍ«, brªjäœ m¿P®fisÍ« eš»aJ.
m«kht£l¤ÂYŸs xG»dnrçæš, 1908M« M©L et«g® §fŸ
29M« ehŸ, RliyK¤J-Ïr¡»a«khS¡F kfdhf¥ Ãwªjt®,
gh®ngh‰W« fiythz® v‹.v°.»UZz‹.
Ïs« taÂnyna fšé f‰F« thŒ¥ig ÏHªj mt®, FL«g¤Â‰F
cjél, ehlf mu§Ffëš Fë®ghd§fŸ é‰wh®. mtuJ ešy Fuš
tsK«, ghL« ÂwD«, eif¢Rit¥ ng¢R« ehlf¤Âš eo¡F« thŒ¥ig¥
bg‰W¤ jªjd. mt® Áç¥ò eofuhf k£Lkšyhkš, Áªjid¡Fça
brŒÂfis¢ brhšgtuhfΫ és§»dh®. mtUila eif¢Rit¥ ng¢R
go¤jt® k£LkšyhJ, ghkuU« k»œªJ ngh‰W«t©z« ÏUªjJ .
mt® ghLth®, MLth®, vGJth®, ciuah‰Wth®, eo¥gh®, eo¡fΫ
it¥gh®, Áç¡f¢ Áç¡f¥ ngÁ k¡fis¢ ÁªÂ¡fΫ it¥gh®. Ãw®
kd¤ij¥ ò©gL¤jhkš g©gL¤J« eif¢Ritia¡ ifahŸtš, mt®
ÁwªJ és§»dh®.
v‹.v°. »UZz‹, vG¤jhs® khehL x‹¿š ngÁdh®. m§F¡
ToæUªjt®fis¥ gh®¤J, “Ï‹W vG¤jhs®fŸ vGJnfhèš
v¥go¥g£l ikia¤ bjh£L vGJ»wh®fŸ bjçÍkh? Áy®, bgUik
bjh£L vGJ»‹wd®; gy®, j‰bgUik bjh£L vGJ»‹wd®;
ntW Áy®, bghwhik bjh£L vGJ»‹wd®; k‰W« Áy®, giHik
bjh£L vGJ»‹wd®.
4
Ït‰iwbašyh«Tl V‰W¡bfhŸsyh«. "Mdhš, ahU« bjhlnt
Tlhj, Ôik ju¡Toa Áy “ik”fŸ cŸsd.
mit v‹bd‹d
bjçÍkh?" vd¡ nf£lh®. T£l¤Âd® éil bjçahkš, v‹d
brhšy¥ngh»wh® vd M®t¤Jl‹ c‹å¥ghf¡ ftå¤jd®. “faik,
bghŒ«ik, klik, nt‰Wik M»aitjh« mit” v‹wh®. midtU«
ifbahè vG¥Ã k»œ¢Áia¤ bjç é¤jd® .
"thŒé£L¢ Áç¤jhš nehŒé£L¥ nghF«", “Áç¡f¤ bjçªjt‹
kåj‹ k£Lnk! Áç¤J thH nt©L«” vd¡ T¿a mt®,
Âiu¥gl¤Âš Áç¥Ã‹ Áw¥ig és¡»...
Áç¥ò g‰¿a gHbkhêfis¤ Âu£L§fŸ
Áç ¥ò ... Ïj‹
Áw¥ig¢ Ó®ö¡»¥ gh®¥gnj ekJ bghW¥ò.
ÁªÂ¡f¤ bjçªj kåj Ïd¤Â‰nf
brhªjkhd ifæU¥ò
vªj ÉtuhÁÍ« brŒa Koahj
brayhF« Ϫj¢ Áç¥ò
kd« fW¥gh btS¥gh v‹gij vL¤J¡
fh£L« f©zho Áç¥ò ...
fis¥ig Ú¡»¡ ftiyia¥ ngh¡»
_is¡F¤ jU« RWRW¥ò ...
v‹D« ghliy¥ gho¢ Áªjidia¤ ö©L»wh®. mtuJ eif¢Rit
cz®it¥ ghuh£o K¤j䜡 fhty® ».M.bg. éRtehj«, 'eif¢Rit
muR' v‹D« g£l¤ij tH§»dh®.
5
jäœ
vG¤jhs®fŸ rKjha¡ flikahf¤ bjh£L vGj nt©oa “ik”fŸ
v‹bd‹d? vd, mitnahiu¥ gh®¤J¡ nf£lh®. mitnah® éê¡f,
mtnu éil T¿dh®. “e‹ik ju¡Toa ne®ik, òJik, br«ik, c©ik”
v‹wh®, mt®. mu§f¤Âš ifbahè ml§f btF neukhæ‰W. nkY« mt®,
“k¡fŸ kd¤ÂèUªJ” Ú¡f nt©oa "ikfŸ" tWik, ViHik, klik,
fšyhik, m¿ahik vd¢ brh‹dnghJ, mitnah® milªj k»œ¢Á¡F
msntæšiy. ‘ik’ v‹D« brhšiy¡bfh©L v‹.v°.»UZz‹
M‰¿a brªj䜢brhš éisahlš, midtiuÍ« éa¥Ãš Mœ¤ÂaJ.
ehlf¥ nguhÁça® g«kš r«gªjdh®
jiyikæš eluh#h fšé¡fHf« V‰ghL
brŒj éHhéš,
'fiythz®'
v‹D«
g£l« mtU¡F tH§f¥g£lJ; 'ehfçf¡
nfhkhë' v‹D« g£lK« c©L.
v®fhy¤Âš cy»š m¿éaš
ts®¢Á v¥goæU¡F« v‹gjid
jäœ
m¡fhy¤Ânyna Âiu¥gl§fëš,
éŠPhd¤ij ts®¡f¥ nghnw©o – nkdh£lhiu
éUªJ¡ fiH¢R¡ fh£l¥ nghnw©o
.........................................................
bešY F¤j khtiu¡f
Úçiw¡f äÁD
mšY« gfY« M¡» miu¡f
mJ¡bfhU äÁD . . .
vd¥ ghoÍŸsh®.
M«, Ï‹W eh« ga‹gL¤J« ä‹ miuit ÏaªÂu§fis¥ g‰¿ m‹nw
T¿æU¥gJ éa¥ÃY« éa¥ò.
eif¢Rit¢ Áªjid cz®Î¡F, m¥gh‰g£L¤
J‹g¥gLnthU¡F cjΫ mça g©ò mtçl« ÏUªjJ. xU Kiw,
Jiz eof® xUt® clnd C® ÂU«g nt©oæUªjJ. gz«
Ïšyhjjdhš mt® tU¤j¤Jl‹ ÏUªjh®. Ïjid m¿ªj
fiythz® Jiz eofiu miH¤jh®. “v‹ bg£oæš gz« ÏU¡»wJ;
vL¤J¡bfh©L C® nghŒ¢nr®” v‹wh®. e‹¿ T¿¢ br‹w Jiz
eof® Û©L« ÂU«Ã tªjh®.
c‹ e©gçl« cd¡F¥ Ão¤j g©ò vJ?
6
“Iah! gz¤ij vL¤J¡bfhŸs¢ brh‹Ü®fŸ, Mdhš, bg£o¢
rhéia¤ juéšiyna?” vd¡ nf£lh®. fiythz® Áç¤jh®.
“bg£o¢rhéah? eh‹ v‹ bg£oia v¥nghJ ó£ond‹? mJ v¥bghGJ«
ÂwªJjh‹ ÏU¡F«; nghŒ cd¡F nt©oajid vL¤J¡bfhŸ” vd¡
T¿dh®.
gz« it¤ÂU¡F« bg£oia k£Lkšyhkš, kd¤ijÍ«
v¥nghJ« mt® Âwªnj it¤ÂUªjh®. Ï›thwhf, ' Ïšiy' vd
tUnthU¡F mŸë tH§F« tŸsyhf¤ Âfœªjh® fiythz®.
ϤjF bgUik thŒªj fiythzU¡F¥ bgUiknr®¡F«
t©z« jäHf muR br‹idæš Áiy ãWéÍŸsJ.
jäœ
gæ‰Á
m. mfuKjèia¥ gh®¤J¥ bghUŸ vGJf .
nkij
-
eš»aJ
-
gh®
-
ghku®
-
faik
-
klik
-
M. Ãç¤J vGJf.
1. jiyikna‰w
=
______________________
2. tU§fhy¤Âš
=
______________________
3. it¤ÂU¡F«
=
______________________
4. v‹bd‹d
=
______________________
7
jäœ
Ï. nr®¤J vGJf.
1. thŒ¥ò
+ më¤jd®
=
______________________
2. if
+ MŸtš
=
______________________
3. To
+
ÏUªjt®fŸ =
______________________
4. it¤J
+
ÏU¡F«
=
______________________
5. m
+
fhy¤Ânyna =
______________________
<. v®¢brhš mik¤J¢ brh‰bwhliu ãu¥òf.
1. Ïsikæš f‰gJ vëJ; ____________ f‰gJ mçJ.
2. x‰WikÍl‹ thœtJ e‹W; nt‰Wikia ts®¥gJ ________.
3. eh« òJikia V‰ngh«; ____________ fh¥ngh«.
4. ešbyhG¡f« bgUik nr®¡F«; ÔbahG¡f« ______nr®¡F«.
5. FHªijfis¥ òfœjš nt©L«; ____________TlhJ.
6. gfèš bjçtJ fÂut‹; ____________bjçtJ é©Û‹.
7. eh‹ c©ik ngRnt‹ ; ____________ngrkh£nl‹.
c. éil vGJf.
1. vG¤jhs®fŸ v¥go¥g£l ikia¤ bjh£L vGjnt©L« vd
v‹.v°.»UZz‹ TW»wh®?
2. Áç¥Ã‹ Áw¥ig v‹.v°.»UZz‹ v›thW és¡F»wh®?
3. fiythz® kåjnea®- és¡Ff.
4. m¿éaš ts®¢Ág‰¿¡ fiythz® T¿ait ahit?
8
ÏizªJ brŒnth«
m. tF¥giwæš ngRf.
e©g®fSl‹ ÏizªJ VnjD« eif¢Rit ciuahliy eo¤J¡
fh£Lf.
M. eif¢Rit ciuahliy vGJf.
ahid : eh‹ éiuthf Xo¡ filæš v‹d
th§» ÏU¥ng‹?
Fu§F : bjçaiyna!
ahid : ntW v‹d? _¢Rjh‹!
x£lf¢Á駻 :
mâš :
kh‹ :
gh«ò :
Ú®ahid :
fh©lhäUf« :
9
jäœ
Áç¡fyh« th§f!
Ï. ng¢R tH¡»š mikªj brh‰bwhl®fis Ïy¡»a tH¡»š
vGJf.
nfS§f ...! bfhHªijfsh...! mªj¡ fhy¤Jy v§fS¡F bttu«
g¤jhJ. mjdhy bgh«gy òŸisa gŸë¡Tl« mD¥gy. gŸë¡Tl«
xU fdth ÏUªJ¢Á. Mdh Ï¥g M«gs bgh«gs všyhnk x‹Djh‹.
ahUnk xrªjt§f jhœªjt§f v‹D« ng¢Á¡nf Ïläšiy.
(v.fh.) nfS§f ...! bfhHªijfsh...!
- ng¢R tH¡F
nfS§fŸ ...! FHªijfns...!
jäœ
- Ïy¡»a tH¡F
<. Ñœ¡fhQ« bjhl®fis cça xè¥òl‹ Û©L« Û©L« brhšè¥
gHF §fŸ. ÃiHæ‹¿ ah® gyKiw TW»wh®fnsh? mt®fns
bt‰¿bg‰wt®fŸ. ngh£oæL§fŸ, btšY§fŸ.
1. flš t‰w£L« fUthL ‹¿lyh« vd¡ Flš t‰¿
Ïis¤jjh« nfhoa¡fiu¡ bfh¡F.
2. t©zt©z¥ ó¡fŸ f©iz¡ ftU«,
v©zbkšyh« f‹dyhŒ Ïå¡F«.
3. cUSJ òuSJ cyf« RHYJ, XLJ MLJ TLJ FiwÍJ,
ÏuΫ gfY« ÏU£LJ äu£LJ.
10
c. ãu¥òf.
nt‰Wik
bghwhik
faik
Ôik jU«
' ik'
klik
bghŒ«ik
jäœ
ÁªÂ¤J ãu¥òf.
ne®ik
ãw§fëš 'ik'
e‹ik jU«
' ik'
11
FGthf¢ brŒnth«
1. f£Liu vGJnth«
1. ghl¥gFÂæ‹ Kjš g¡f¤ij¥ go¤J¥ gh®¡f.
2. m¥gFÂæš Ïl« bg‰WŸs K¡»a¡ fU¤Jfis mo¡nfhoLf.
3. mt‰iw¥ g£oaè£L¡ Ñœ¡fhQ« f£Liuæ‹ bghUSiuæš vL¤J
vGJf.
jäœ
fiythzç‹ Ïsik¥ gUt«
K‹Diu
gh®ngh‰W« fiythz® v‹. v°. »UZz‹ mt®fë‹ Ïsik¥
gUt« g‰¿ Ï¡f£Liuæš fh©ngh«.
bghUSiu
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
KoÎiu
Ãwç‹ kd« ò©glhkš Áç¡fΫ ÁªÂ¡fΫ it¤j fiythziu
ehK« Ëg‰Wnth«.
2. nk‰f©l f£Liuia¥nghš ghl¥gFÂæ‹ Ïu©L k‰W« _‹wh«
g¡f§fS¡F¡ FGthf ÏizªJ f£LiufŸ
vGJf; jFªj
jiy¥ÃLf.
c‹ Å£oš cŸst®fŸ ngR« ng¢RtH¡F¢ brh‰fisÍ« mt‰W¡fhd
Ïy¡»a tH¡F¢ brh‰fisÍ« vGJf.
12
Jiz¥ghl«
bt‰¿æ‹ Kj‰go
“m«kh! Ï‹W kht£l mséyhd éisah£L¥ ngh£ofŸ eilbgw
cŸsd. eh‹ X£l¥ gªja¤Âš fyªJbfhŸs¥ ngh»nw‹. vd¡F¤jh‹
Kj‰gçR »il¡F«. mj‰fhf¥ gy ehshf¥ gæ‰Á vL¤JtU»nw‹”
v‹wh‹ brªÂš.
“kfnd! cd¡F¤jh‹ gçR.
c‹id btšy vt® ÏU¡»wh®!
e«Ã¡ifÍl‹ Ka‰Á brŒ” vd thœ¤Âdh®, mt‹ jhŒ.
v®gh®¤jgona brªÂY¡F Kj‰gçR »il¤jJ. mt‹ bt‰¿¡
nfh¥igÍl‹ Å£L¡F tªjh‹.
m«kh éUªJ rik¤J¡bfh©L
bjçé¤J ÏU¡»wh®fŸ.
mjid¡ bfh©lhl¤jh‹
m«kh éUªJ brŒ»wh® vd
ãid¤jh‹.
jhia
miz¤J¡
bfh©l brªÂš, “m«kh! eh‹
bt‰¿ bg‰wJ
c§fS¡F
v¥go¤ bjçÍ«?”
nf£lh‹.
vd¡
`kfnd! Ú bt‰¿
bgWthŒ vd vd¡F cWÂahf¤
bjçÍ«. Ϫj m£ilia¥ gh®'
v‹wh®, m«kh.
“kfnd! c‹ bt‰¿¡F
thœ¤JfŸ. mj‰fhf¤jh‹ Ϫj
éUªJ” vd mš vGÂæUªjJ.
FL«g¤ÂdUl‹ brªÂš
éUªij äf k»œ¢ÁÍl‹
Rit¤J¢ rh¥Ã£lh‹.
13
jäœ
ÏUªjh®. jh‹ bt‰¿ bg‰w brŒÂia ahnuh m«khé‰F K‹djhfnt
Á¿J neu¤Â‰F¥Ã‹ m«kh bfhL¤j mªj m£ilia¢ brªÂš
ifæš vL¤jh‹; Ëg¡fK« Vnjh vG ÏU¥gJnghy¤ bjçªjJ;
jäœ
ÂU¥Ã¥ gh®¤jh‹.
mš, `m‹ò kfnd! njhšé
V‰g£lj‰fhf tUªjhnj; vjidÍ«
k»œ¢Áahf V‰W¡bfhŸ; njhšéna
bt‰¿æ‹ Kj‰go; Ka‰Á brŒ; bt‰¿
n
t jhš ` m
k Uª é ‹
V » j V ò
n ‰ œ h n j ‰g£ k f
K jhš W ¢ ; lj n d
j
b ‰ é ¡ Á v i ‰f !
m t go na b
a j hf
é j ‰ ‰ ¿ ; K btf h h Í «
U fh
ªJ f b a‰Á ‰¿ Ÿ f
' ¤ j g W b æ‹ ;
h‹ t r
h Œ Œ;
Ï !
ªj
bgWthŒ! mj‰fhf¤jh‹ Ϫj éUªJ' vd
vGÂæUªjJ. brªÂš k»œ¢ÁnahL j‹
m«khit¤ ÂU«Ã¥ gh®¤jh‹. . .
m£ilæ‹
ÏUòwK«
ÏUntW
fU¤JfŸ vGÂa brªÂè‹ m«khit¥ g‰¿
ÁªÂ¡fyhkh?
v‹d ãid¡»whŒ?
Ïu©lhtjhf Xo tªj
ôR¥, mªnjhâia¤
ö¡»é£ljdhš bt‰¿
bgwéšiy.
X£l¥gªja¤Âš Kjèš
éiuªJ Xoa mªnjhâ
ÑnH éGªjjdhš
Ïu©lhtjhf Xo tªj
ÏUtçš, éšèa« Kjèl«
bg‰Wé£lh‹.
gçR ahU¡F? c‹ fU¤ij¡ TWf.
14
brŒÍŸ
bg©fšé
Ïaš - 2
jiythç¥ ó¢No c‹id¥ - ghl
rhiy¡F¥ nghv‹W brh‹dhŸ c‹ m‹id!
jäœ
Áiynghy Vd§F ã‹whŒ? – Ú
Áªjhj f©Ùiu V‹ÁªJ »‹whŒ?
éiyngh£L th§fth KoÍ«? – fšé
ntisnjh W«f‰W tUtjhš goÍ«!
kiythiH mšynth fšé? – Ú
thahu c©QthŒ nghv‹ òjšé!
goahj bg©zh æUªjhš – nfè
g©Qth® v‹id Ï›ñuh® bjçªjhš
fofhu« XL«K‹ XL! – v‹
f©zšy? m©il Å£L¥ bg©fnshL
fojhŒ ÏU¡Fä¥ nghJ! – fšé
f‰¿l¡ f‰¿l¤ bjçÍk¥ nghJ!
flšNœªj Ϥjäœ ehL – bg©
fšé bg©fšév‹ »‹wj‹ nghL.
- ghntªj® ghuÂjhr‹
MÁça® F¿¥ò
bga®
-
ghuÂjhr‹
Ïa‰bga®
-
R¥òu¤Âd«
C®
-
òJ¢nrç
bg‰nwh®
-
fdfrig, Ïy¡Fä m«ikah®
fhy«
-
29-04-1891 Kjš
21-04-1964 tiu
Áw¥ò¥ bga®fŸ
-
ghntªj®,
15
òu£Á¡féP®
gæ‰Á
m. mfuKjèia¥ gh®¤J¥ bghUŸ vGJf.
m‹id
ghlrhiy
goͫ
òjšé
m©il ÅL
fojhŒ
-
jäœ
M. Ãç¤J vGJf.
1. ó¢No
=
____________________
2. Vd§F
=
____________________
3. Ï›ñuh® =
____________________
4. f©zšy
=
____________________
FGthf¢ brŒnth«
m. bg©fšéæ‹ Áw¥ig vL¤J¡ TW« éšY¥gh£L x‹wid
mik¤J , c‹ e©g®fSl‹ ÏizªJ ghLf.
M. fyªJiuahLf.
ãfœÎ-1
njé _‹wh« tF¥Ãš go¡F« ÁWä.
mtS¡F¤ j«Ã Ãwªjjhš,
j«Ãia¥ gh®¤J¡bfhŸtj‰fhf¥
gŸë¡F¢
bršy
nt©lh
vdbg‰nwhuhš ãW¤j¥g£lhŸ.
16
ãfœÎ-2
kâkhyh, Iªjh« tF¥Ãš go¤J¡
bfh©oUªjhŸ. mtŸ m«kh, Áy
ÅLfëš Å£Lntiy brŒJ gz« <£o
tªjh®.
m«khΡF¤ ÂObud clš
ey« rçæšiy; mjdhš kâkhyh
gŸëæèUªJ ãW¤j¥g£L ntiy¡F
mD¥g¥g£lhŸ.
bg© FHªijfŸ fšé bgw v‹d brŒayh« vd¡ fyªJiuahLf.
braš £l«
bg©fšéæ‹ Áw¥òfis¡ TW« ghlšfis¤ Âu£Lf; mt‰W¡F V‰w gl§fis
tiuªnjh x£onah gl¤bjhF¥ò mik¡f.
ÁªÂ¡fyhkh?
Ïjid kâ Vsd«
brŒ»wh‹
Å£Lntiyfëš eªÂå,
mtŸ j«Ã, m¥gh _tU«
g§nf‰gh®fŸ
Å£Lntiyfis v›thW Ãç¤J¡bfh©L brŒayh«?
c‹ fU¤Jfis¡ TWf.
17
jäœ
nk‰T¿a ãfœÎfëèUªJ Ú bjçªJ bfh©lJ v‹d? ÏJngh‹w
fiyÍ« ift©zK«
jäœ
ghÂ¥gl« ϧnf, ÛÂ¥gl¤ij tiuªJ k»œf.
c‹ éU¥g«nghš brŒJ k»œf.
18
ciueil
czΤÂUéHh
ghuÂjhr‹ FoæU¥ò m‹W éHh¡nfhy« ó©oUªjJ.
m¡FoæU¥Ãš, M©LnjhW« k¡fS¡F éê¥òz®Î V‰gL¤J«
tifæš éHhit¤ nj®Î brŒt®. Ϫj M©L, ' czΤÂUéHh'
bfh©lhl V‰ghLfŸ brŒa¥g£oUªjd.
fyh, jdJ e©g®fshd Ïukâ, K»y‹ M»nahiu¤ j‹
Ïšy¤Â‰F miH¤ÂUªjhŸ. éHh ehs‹W, F¿¤j neu¤Â‰F
K‹dnu mt®fŸ ÏUtU« tªJé£lh®fŸ. fyh, mt®fis
k»œ¢ÁÍl‹ tunt‰W miH¤J¢ br‹whŸ.
fyh : Ïukâ, K»y‹ ... Ú§fŸ Ï U t U « t ª j  š ä ¡ f
k»œ¢Á. thU§fŸ, f©fh£Á
mu§Ffis¡ fh©ngh«.
Ïukâ: v§fS¡F« k»œ¢Á, fyh.
czÎ¥ bghUŸfëš
Ϥjid tiffsh? gh®¡f¥
g h ® ¡ f
é a ¥ g h f
ÏU¡»wnj....!
fyh:
czΤ ÂUéHh
v¤jid tifahd czÎ
tiffŸ v‹gjidél, Ϫj
czÎ tiffis V‹ eh«
c©z nt©L« v‹gJjh‹ Ï‹¿aikahjJ. x›bthU
tif czitÍ« c©gjdhš ek¡F¡ »il¡F« r¤JfŸ,
kU¤Jt¥ ga‹fŸ g‰¿ és¡fkhf¡ TW»wh®fŸ; és¡f¥
gyiffS« it¤ÂU¡»wh®fŸ.
Ïukâ: njD« ÂidkhΫ ÏJtiu nfŸé¥g£oU¡»nwnd jéu,
rh¥Ã£lJ Ïšiy. Âid, tuF, rhik, FÂiuthè Kjèa
mçÁ tiffëš eh®¢r¤J«, c殢r¤J«, jhJc¥òfS«
äFÂah«. Ïitjh« e« k¡fŸ jiyKiw jiyKiwahŒ
c©LtU« czth«.
19
K»y‹: nfhJik khÎ, mçÁ khÎ
njhirfŸjh« ÏJtiu
rh¥Ã£oU¡»nwh«.
ϧnfnah, f«gªnjhir,
nfœtuF¤njhir, nrhs¤
njhir, Kl¡f‰wh‹ njhir
vd¥ gyéjkhd njhirfŸ.
f«ò
gh®¤jJnk Rit¡f¤ ö©L»‹wdnt! f«gªnjhir
k£Lkšyhkš f«g§Tœ, fë, f«ò
khÎ cU©il vd¥ gytif
czÎfŸ it¡f¥g£LŸsdnt. f«ò
eh®¢r¤J« kh΢r¤J« äFªjjh«.
fyh:
M«, K»y‹. Ïit Rit¡f
k£Lk‹¿¢ Óuhd clšey¤Â‰F«
njit, eh« Ï¥nghbjšyh« Ït‰iw Å£oš
M¡Ftjidna kwªJ é£nlh«.
Ïukâ: nrhs khéš k£L« v¤jid
czÎ tiffŸ ghnu‹!
nrhs¢nrhW,nrhs¥Ã£L
nrhskhÎ c¥òkh, všyh«
Rl¢Rl¤ jU»wh®fŸ.
nrhs¤Âš c殢r¤J 'V'
äFÂah«. nrhs« òuj¢r¤J
äFªJŸsjdhš, clš
ts®¢Á¡fhd M‰wiy¤ jU»wjh«.
20
nrhs«
K»y‹ :
nfœtuF¥ gyfhu§fë‹
bga®fis¡ nf£lJnk ‹d
Mirahf ÏU¡»wJ. nfœtuF¡
Tœ, fë, fŠÁ, mil, til,
mÂur«, gâahu«
všyh«
RitÍ« gaD« ä¡fit.
clY¡F¤ njitahd fhšÁa«
r¤Jä¡f czÎ,
nfœtuF
v‹»wh®fŸ.
nfœtuF
fyh:
Mé_y« ntf it¡f¥gL«
czÎfëš jh‹ v¤jid
tiffŸ ghU§fŸ? v¤jid
t©z§fŸ? v¤jid tot§fŸ?
Át¥gçÁ¥ ãL, bfhG¡f£il,
Ïoah¥g«, bt©Ã£L, ntf it¤j
Óå¡»H§F,gd§»H§F,
kutŸë¡»H§F Ïitbašyh«
òuj¢r¤J ä¡fitah«; nehŒ
v®¥ò¢r¤J¡F cjλ‹wdth«.
nfœtuF¡ Tœ
K»y‹:
g¡f¤J mu§»ny ghU§fŸ. R©lš kz« e«ik¢ R©o
ÏG¡»wnj! òuj¢r¤J ä¡f, clš ts®¢Á¡F cjλw
Kisf£oa ghÁ¥gaW, R©lš,
etjhåa¢ R©lš, bfh©il¡
fliy, j£il¥gaW, bkh¢ir vd¥
gaW tiffëš g¡Ftkhd
‹bghUŸfŸ tH§f¥gL»‹wd.
thU§fŸ, x›bthU if mŸë¤
R©lš
‹Dnth«.
21
fyh:
Ïnjh, Ñiu tiffë‹ ÃçÎ. Ñiu tifÍ«,
Ñiu¤njhirÍ« kz¡»‹wd. Ñiufëš
ÏU«ò¢ r¤J«, jhJ c¥òfS« äFÂahf
cŸsd ; b j ë t h d f © g h ® i t ¡ F ¡
ÑiufŸ cjλ‹wd; Ïu¤j¤Âš
Át¥gQ¡fŸ cUthf cjλ‹wd.
Ñiu
Ïukâ : Ï n j h g h ® , K » y h ! c ‹ i d k h  ç c l « ò
Ïis¤jt®fS¡F, `vŸS' V‰w czÎ vd
jäœ
vGÂæU¡»wh®fŸ; vŸSzÎ bfhG¥ò¢ r¤J¤
jutšyJ;
Fl‰ò©fis M‰wΫ Toajh«.
vŸSU©il, vŸS¥gâahu«, vŸSkhÎ, vŸS¥bgho
vd tiftifahd czÎfŸ ÏU¡»‹wdnt.
K»y‹:
fyh... Ϫj czΤÂUéHh
mu§»š R‰¿¢ R‰¿¡ fhšfŸ XŒªJ
é£ld... bfhŠr« Nlhf VjhtJ
Fo¤jhš e‹whf ÏU¡Fnk...
fyh:
Ïnjh, Ϫj mu§F¡F¥ nghfyh«,
th! eh« kwªnj nghŒ é£l
Ïa‰ifahd ÚU« rhW« ÏU¡»‹wd.
vŸSU©il
Nlhd R¡FÚ®, F뮪j gjÚ®,
ãidth‰wš jU« tšyhiu¢ rhW, F뮢Á jU«
gd§f‰f©L¢ rhW, fhkhiy nehŒ Ô®¡F« ÑHhbešè¢rhW,
mWf«òš rhW, ÏsÚ® Ït‰WŸ v‹d nt©Lnkh? mjid¥
gUF§fŸ. . .
22
K»y‹: mUikahd nfœtuF¡ fŠÁ! Nlhd
Ritahd R¡F Ú®...! Ϫj mça czΤ
ÂUéHhΡF v§fis miH¤jj‰F
äfΫ e‹¿, fyh.
fyh:
Ú§fŸ ÏUtU« ϧnf tªjš vd¡F«
mWf«òš rhW
bk¤j k»œ¢Á, e‹¿. Ïånkš, Ϥjifa Ïa‰ifahd,
r¤jhd czÎ tiffisna c©z¥ gHFnth«! clšey«
fh¥ngh«!
m. mfuKjèia¥ gh®¤J¥ bghUŸ vGJf.
mu§F
Kl¡f‰wh‹
-
M. Ãç¤J vGJf.
1. éê¥òz®Î
= _____________________
2. czΤÂUéHh
3. Fl‰ò©
= _____________________
= _____________________
4. Át¥gQ¡fŸ
5. vŸSU©il
= _____________________
= _____________________.
Ï. éil vGJf.
1. Ñiu c©gjdhš »il¡F« ga‹fŸ ahit?
2. Méæš ntf it¡f¥gL« czÎ tiffŸ Áyt‰iw vGJf.
3. c‹ Cçš éisÍ« r¤jhd czÎ¥ bghUŸfŸ ahit?
23
jäœ
gæ‰Á
ÏizªJ brŒnth«
m. F¿¥òfis¥ ga‹gL¤Â¤ j‹ tuyhW vGJf.
v‹ bga® Ï£lè. mçÁ k‰W« cSªij¥ ga‹gL¤Â¢
brŒa¥gL»nw‹. v‹id Méæš ntfit¥gjdhš
clY¡F ešyJ brŒnt‹.
njitahd bghUŸ vŸS, btšy«.
M. és«gu§fŸ cUth¡fyhkh?
«
nf
nfhil btæY¡F
s
FS FS Tœ
Ÿ
jäœ
vŸSU©il: eh‹ Ïå¥ghf ÏU¥ng‹.
c
..
h®..
#
Ln
hg
¢r
Fo
24
£F
nkh®...
..
nj
Ï. fU¤J tiugl¤ij ãiwÎ brŒf.
eh®¢r¤J,
kh΢r¤J
f«g§Tœ
fë
f«gªnjhir
nfœtuF
f«ò
f«òkhÎ cU©il
jäœ
r¤jhd czÎ
tiffŸ
nrhs«
tuF
18
FGthf¢ brŒnth«
m. Ïiz¥ò¢ brhšiy mo¡nfho£L vL¤J vGJf.
fhiy czÎ v‹gJ äfΫ Ï‹¿aikahjJ. Vbdåš, ÏuÎ
czΡF¥ Ë VG, v£L kâneu« cw¡f« xUtU¡F¤ njit.
Mfnt, MœªJ cw§F»nwh«; mªj neu« KGtJ« czÎ VJ«
c©gJ Ïšiy. vdnt, fhiy czit¤ j鮤jš TlhJ. Mdhš,
e«äš gyU« fhiy czit c©gšiy; mjdhš, jtwhkš
fhiy czÎ c£bfhŸSjš nt©L«.
25
M. tF¥giwæš ngRf.
khzt®fis¢ ÁW FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¡fΫ. x›bthU FGéš
cŸst®fisÍ« xU thu¤Âš j§fŸ Å£oš brŒj czÎfis¥
g£oaèl¢ brŒaΫ. g£oaèš Ïl«bg‰w r¤jhd czÎfis¤
jåna vL¤J vGÂ, tF¥giwæš go¤J¡ fh£l¢ brhšYf.
Ï. bjhl® cUth¡Ff.
FHªijfis t£lkhf c£fhu¢ brŒaΫ. xU FHªijia
éid¢brhšiy¡ bfh©L KoÍ« bjhliu¡ Tw¢ brŒaΫ. mL¤j
jäœ
FHªij, m¢brhšiy Kjyhf¡bfh©L bjhliu cUth¡f¢
brŒaΫ. Ï›thW bjhl®ªJ éisaho k»HΫ.
( vL¤J¡fh£L)
ó§FHè, njh£l¤Â‰F¢ br‹whŸ.
br‹W kšèif¥óit¥ g¿¤jhŸ.
g¿¤j ..........
m¿ªJ bfhŸnth«
m. cæbuG¤Âš X® vG¤J xU bkhê
M - gR
V - m«ò
<
I - jiyt‹
- njÜ
C - jir
X - k»œ¢Á
M. bjhif¢brh‰fis éç¤j¿nth«.
K¡få
- kh, gyh, thiH
ÏUÂiz
- ca®Âiz, m~¿iz
K¤jäœ
- Ïaš, Ïir, ehlf«
eh‰¿ir
- »H¡F, nk‰F, tl¡F, bj‰F
IªÂy¡fz« - vG¤J, brhš, bghUŸ, ah¥ò, mâ
mWRit
- Ïå¥ò, Jt®¥ò, fr¥ò, òë¥ò, ct®¥ò, fh®¥ò
26
Kisf£oa jhåa¡ fyitia¢ brŒJgh®
njitahd bghUŸfŸ: g¢ir¥ gaW, JUéa nj§fhŒ,
eh£L¢r®¡fiu.
brŒKiw: g¢ir¥ ga‰iw¤ j©Ùçš
fhiyæš Cw it¡fΫ. khiyæš mjid xU
Jâæš f£o¤ bjh§félΫ.
mJ kWehŸ
Kisé£oU¡F«. mjid xU gh¤Âu¤Âš
bfh£o, mjDl‹ nj§fhŒ¤JUtš, eh£L¢r®¡fiu nr®¤J¡
»swΫ. Ï¥bghGJ Ritahd jhåa¡ fyitia¢ brŒÂU¥Õ®fŸ.
jäœ
braš £l«
nfhil¡fhy« tªjJnk jäœeh£L¢ Á‰ù®fŸ mid¤ÂY«
Tœ th®¡F« ÂUéHh¡fŸ eilbgW»‹wd. nfhilæ‹
bt«ikia¡ Fiw¥gj‰fhd X® czthf ÏJ ga‹gL»wJ.
Ïnjnghš, fhyãiy¡nf‰w czÎ¥ gH¡f§fis Cçš cŸs
bgçat®fël« ne®fhzš brŒJ brŒÂfis¤ Âu£lΫ.
ÁªÂ¡fyhkh?
RitÍl‹ clY¡F¢
r¤jhdij k£Lnk
c©znt©L« v‹»wh®,
féjhé‹ m«kh.
éiuÎ cztf¤Âš cŸs
czÎfŸjh« äfΫ
Ritahdit. Ritahdij
k£Lnk c©ng‹ v‹»whŸ,
féjh.
Ú c©z éU«ò« czÎ vJ vd¡ fyªJiuahLf.
27
Jiz¥ghl«
x‰Wikna gy«
xUehŸ khiy¥bghGJ. ky®éê éisah£lhŒ¤
j‹ IªJ éuèY« Kf§fis tiuªjhŸ. Á¿J
neu¤Âš mit ngr¤ bjhl§»d.
jäœ
ifæYŸs IªJ éuY¡FŸ 'ah® Áwªjt®' v‹D« ngh£o! ' Úah?
ehdh?' v‹D« fU¤jhlš. mJ thŒ¢r©ilahf kh¿aJ. “v‹
cjéæ‹¿¢ Á‹dŠÁW bghUis¡Tl c§fshš ö¡f KoahJ”, vd¢
brU¡Fl‹ T¿aJ f£il éuš.
‘R«kh »l! j‰bgUik bfhŸshnj.
mt‹, mtŸ, mJ, ÏJ vd¢ R£o¡ fh£LtJ eh‹ jhnd.' ‘ehnd
Áwªjt‹' v‹wJ, R£L éuš.
“eh« všyhU« tçirahf ã‰ngh«. caukhdt® ah® vd¥
gh®¤Jélyh«” vd¢ `NSiu¤jJ' eLéuš. “éiyÍa®ªj nkhÂu«
mâé¥gJ ahU¡F?
vd¡F¤jh‹' v‹ bganu, `nkhÂuéuš'.
c§fŸ ehštçD« bršth¡Fä¡ft‹ ehnd!” vd¥ `bgUik ngÁaJ'
nkhÂuéuš. “ifT¥Ã tz¡f« brhšY«nghJ, Kjèš ã‰gt‹ eh‹.
vd¡F¥Ã‹jh‹, Ú§fŸ všyhU«. vdnt, 'ehnd bgçat‹' ” v‹wJ,
R©Léuš.
m¥nghJ, 'bršngÁ' xè¤jJ.
“ky®éê... mjid vL¤Jth!”
v‹wh®, m«kh. ÏJtiu fU¤jhlš brŒJ bfh©oUªj IªJ éuY«
j§fis kwªJ x‹W nr®ªjd; x‹iwbah‹W gh®¤J¡bfh©ld.
mit v‹d ngÁæU¡F«?
FGthf¢ brŒnth«
bfh£ilfŸ, f‰fŸ, kâfŸ M»a bghUŸfis¡
fyªJ it¡fΫ.
FHªijfis¡ FG¡fshf¥ Ãç¡fΫ. x›bthU FGédçlK« m¡fyit¥
bghUŸfis¡ bfhL¡fΫ. vªj¡ FG Kjèš m¥bghUŸfis¤ jå¤jåahf¥
Ãç¤J vL¡»wnjh m¡FGnt bt‰¿ bg‰w FG. x›bthU FGΫ jh§fŸ
m¥bghUŸfis¥ Ãç¤bjL¡f vªj Kiwia¥ Ëg‰¿dh®fŸ v‹gjid¡
Tw¢brŒaΫ. midtU« ÏizªJ brašg£l FGnt bt‰¿ailªÂU¡F«.
mjid¡ F¿¤J¡ FHªijfSl‹ ngR§fŸ.
28
brŒÍŸ
F«äao bg©nz F«äao
Ïaš - 3
jäœ
F«äao! jäœehL KGJ«
FY§»l¡ ifbfh£o¡ F«äao!
e«ik¥ Ão¤j ÃrhRfŸ nghæd
e‹ik f©nlh bk‹W F«äao!
( F«äao )
V£ilÍ« bg©fŸ bjhLtJ Ôikba‹W
v©â æUªjt® khŒªJ é£lh®
Å£L¡FŸns bg©iz¥ ó£oit¥ nghbk‹w
éªij kåj® jiy f霪jh®.
( F«äao )
g£l§fŸ MŸtJ« r£l§fŸ brŒtJ«
ghçåš bg©fŸ el¤j tªnjh«
v£L« m¿éåš MQ¡ »§nfbg©
Ïis¥ Úiy fhbz‹W F«äao! ( F«äao )
- kfhfé R¥Ãukâa ghuÂah®
ghliy¡ FGthf Ïåa bk£lik¤J¥ ghL§fŸ.
29
MÁça® F¿¥ò
bga®
C®
bg‰nwh®
Áw¥ò¥bga®
fhy«
-
R¥Ãukâa ghuÂah®
v£laòu«
Á‹drhä, Ïy¡Fä m«ikah®
njÁa¡fé, kfhfé
11.12.1882 Kjš 11.09.1921 tiu
F«ä – és¡f«
F«ä¥ghlš eh£L¥ ghlšfëš xU tif MF«. bg©fŸ t£lkhŒ
ã‹W ifbfh£o¥ gho, MLtJ F«ä¥ ghlš. bg©fŸ mâªÂU¡F«
tisaè‹ XirÍ«, ifbfh£L« XirÍ« gh£L¡F¤ jhskhf miktJ
F«ä¥ ghlè‹ Áw¥ò MF«.
jäœ
gæ‰Á
m.mfuKjèia¥ gh®¤J¥ bghUŸ vGJf.
VL
khλJ
ghçåš
Ïis¥Ãšiy
-
M.Ãç¤J vGJf.
1. Ôikba‹W
=
______________________
2. v©âæUªjt®
=
______________________
3. MQ¡»§nf
=
______________________
Ï . éil vGJf.
1. ghuÂah® g‰¿¡ F¿¥ò tiuf.
2. F«ä¥ghlš cz®¤J« fU¤JfŸ ahit?
3. ghlèš c§fS¡F¥ Ão¤j mofŸ vit? V‹?
FGthf¢ brŒnth«
m . ghliy ãiwÎ brŒf.
1. F«äao bg©nz! gŸë KGtJ«
FY§»l¡ ifbfh£o¡ F«äao
e« gŸë¤ öŒikia¡ fh¤ÂLnth«
vd e«Ã¡if¡ bfh©o§F¡ F«äao . . .
M. Å£oš M©, bg© FHªijfS¡F¢ rk cçikfŸ
më¡f¥gL»‹wd. 'M«' ' Ïšiy' v‹D« jiy¥Ãš g£ok‹w«
el¤Jf.
30
ciueil
Á¤Âiu¥ bghU£fh£Á
m¥gh, m«kh, j«Ã, j§if midtUlD« Mjt‹ vG«ó®¤
bjhl®t©o ãiya¤Â‰F tªJ nr®ªjh‹. mtD¡F¡ nfhil éLKiw
bjhl§»é£lJ. kJiuæš
Mjtå‹ khkh ÏU¡»wh®. vdnt,
midtU« k»œ¢ÁÍl‹ òw¥g£L¤ bjhl®t©o ãiya« tªJŸsd®.
vG«ó®¤ bjhl®t©o ãiya thæèš mt®fŸ EiHªjh®fŸ.
bjhl®t©o òw¥gL« r¤j« nf£lJ. “m¥gh, bjhl®t©o nghŒél¥
ngh»wJ . . .” gj£l¤Âš brh‹dh‹, Mjt‹.
09:15 kâ¡F¤jh‹ òw¥gL«. mnjh gh®! gaz m¿é¥ò¥ gyif. mš
bjhl®t©oæ‹ bga®, t©o v©, ã‰F« Ïl« M»ad
F¿¥Ãl¥g£LŸsd” v‹wh®, m¥gh. Mjt‹ M®t¤Jl‹ m¿é¥ò¥
gyifia¥ gh®¤jh‹.
t©o
v©
t©oæ‹ bga®
òw¥gL«
neu«
eil
nkil
2661
br§nfh£il bghÂif éiuÎ t©o
20:05
6
2631
bešiy mÂéiuÎ t©o
20:50
5
2637
kJiu gh©oa‹ mÂéiuÎ t©o
21:15
4
6701
ÏuhnkRtu« éiuÎ t©o
21:40
3
31
jäœ
“Mjt‹, eh« bršy nt©oaJ ' gh©oa‹ mÂéiuÎ t©o.' mJ
'
“m¥gh,' gh©oa‹ mÂéiuÎ t©o
òw¥gL« neu« ÏuÎ 09:15
kâ vd¢ brh‹Ü®fŸ. Mdhš, gyifæš 21:15 vd vG cŸsnj;
x‹Wnk òçaéšiyna?” vd Mjt‹ nf£lh‹. mj‰F mt®,
Ïuæšnt Jiwæš neu« 24 kâ mo¥gilæšjh‹ fz¡»l¥gL»wJ.
mjdhšjh‹, ÏuÎ 09:15 v‹gjid 21:15 vd vGÂÍŸsd®.
“m¥goahdhš, 20:05 kâ v‹whš ÏuÎ 08:05 jhnd m¥gh?” vd¡
nf£lh‹, Mjt‹. “rçahf¢ brh‹dhŒ. rç thU§fŸ. eh«
bršynt©oa bjhl®t©oæ‹ fjÎfŸ Âw¡f¥g£Lé£ld;
jäœ
V¿¡bfhŸnth«” v‹wh®, m¥gh.
bjhl®t©o òw¥g£lJ; btFéiuthf¢ br‹wJ. ma®ªJ ö§»a
Mjt‹, f© éê¤J¥ gh®¤jh‹; kJiu¢ rªÂ¥ò vd vGj¥g£l
bga®¥gyif bjçªjJ; midtU« Ïw§»d®.
kJiu¢ rªÂ¥Ã‹ thæèš bgça és«gu¥gyif x‹W it¡f¥g£L
ÏUªjJ. mjid MjtD« k‰wt®fS« gh®¤jh®fŸ. mªj
és«gu¤Âš...
Á¤Âiu¥ bghU£fh£Á
Ïl« : jK¡f« ikjhd«,
ehŸ : 03.05.2012 – 30.05.2012
 üšfŸ
 iféid¥ bghUŸfŸ
 éisah£L¥ bghUŸfŸ
 if¤j¿¤ JâfŸ
 bghGJngh¡F ãfœ¢ÁfŸ
midtU« tUf!
f©L k»œf!
MjuÎ jUf!
“m«kh, bghU£fh£Á äf e‹whf
ÏU¡F« nghèU¡»wnj, m§F¥
6:30
.
nghfyhkh?” vd¡ nf£lh‹Mjt‹. mj‰F
7:00
.
m«kh, “Ï¥bghGJjh‹ tªÂU¡»nwh«;
7:15
.
ehis m§F¥ nghfyh«. Ï¥bghGJ khkh
7:30
.
Å£o‰F¢ bršnth«” vd¡ T¿dh®.
7:35
.
32
mt®fŸ òö® brštj‰fhf¥ bgçah®
ngUªJ ãiya¤ij milªjh®fŸ.
Mjt‹, m§F it¡f¥g£oUªj ngUªJ¡
fhy m£ltizia¢ R£o¡ fh£odh‹.
“m¥gh, òö® bršY« ngUªJ v©Q«,
òw¥gL« neuK« F¿¥Ãl¥g£LŸsd”
vd¢ brh‹dh‹.
m¥bghGJ, òö® bršY« 2M« v©
ngUªJ tªjJ. mš V¿, midtU« khkh Å£il milªjd®.
kWehŸ Mjt‹, khkhÎl‹ ÏU r¡fu
t©oæš bghU£fh£Á¡F¢ br‹wh‹.
EiH΢ӣil khkh th§»dh®. ÏUtU«
cŸns br‹wd®. ÏUtU« bghU£fh£Áia¢
R‰¿¥ gh®¤jd®; Ïuh£od¤Âš R‰¿d®. üš
é‰gid ika« ÏUªjJ. mš gaDŸs
m¿éaš üšfisÍ«, bghGJngh¡F¡
fij¥ò¤jf§fisÍ« mtD¡F khkh th§»¤ jªjh®; gªJ, bgh«ikfŸ,
if¡F£il M»at‰iwÍ« th§»dh®.
ÏUtU« Á‰W©o c©lË Å£o‰F¥ òw¥g£ld®. Mjt‹,
kJiu efç‹ xG§fhd bjU¡fisÍ« és«gu§fisÍ« gh®¤jthnw
ÅL br‹W nr®ªjh‹.
gæ‰Á
m. tF¥giwæš ngRf.
1. ãaha éiy¡filæš vGÂit¡f¥g£oU¡F« m¿é¥òfisÍ«
éiy¥ g£oaiyÍ« go¤J m¿f.
2. gŸë M©L éHh, ÂUkz éHh miH¥Ãjœfis¤ Âu£o¥ go¤J
tUf.
33
M. Ãç¤J vGJf.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
bjhl®t©o
t©oæèUªJ
bghU£fh£Á
EiH΢ӣL
vGÂæUªjJ
=
=
=
=
=
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
=
=
=
=
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
Ï. nr®¤J vGJf.
1. fz¡F
2. ga‹
3. th§»
4. if
+
+
+
+
Ïl¥gL«
cŸs
jªjh®
F£il
jäœ
<. édh¡fS¡F éil vGJf .
1. Mjt‹ bjhl® t©oæš v§F¢ br‹wh‹?
2. Á¤Âiu¥ bghU£fh£Á vªj Cçš v¥bghGJ eilbg‰wJ?
ÏizªJ brŒnth«
m .brŒÂ¤jhŸ go¤J¡ fU¤J tiugl« mik¡f
»‹dR¢ rhjid
br‹id: #&‹-10 neU
cŸéisah£L mu§»š
cyf¢ Rfhjhu mik¥ò
rh®Ãš xnu neu¤Âš 15,115
khzt®fŸ if fGéa
ãfœ¢Á, `»‹dR¢
rhjid¥' ò¤jf¤Âš Ïl«
bg‰WŸsJ.
ÏJ F¿¤J¤ jäHf
ešthœÎ¤Jiw Kj‹ik¢
b r a y h s ®
btëæl¥g£l m¿¡if.
iffŸ R¤jkhf
Ïšyhkš ÏU¥gjdhš,
FHªijfS¡F tæ‰W
nehŒ V‰gL»wJ. czÎ
c©gj‰F K‹ò«,
fêtiwæš ÏUªJ tªj
Ëò«, nrh¥ò¥ngh£L¡
if fGÎtJ äfΫ
e š y J . Ï j d h š
FHªijfS¡F V‰gL«
nehŒfis 25 rjÅj«
jL¡fyh«.
Ïjid¡
fU¤Âš bfh©L cyf¢
34
Rfhjhu ãWtd« x›nth®
M©L«, m¡nlhg® 15M«
ehis, `cyf¡ if fGΫ ehŸ'
vd m¿é¤JŸsJ. cyf¢
Rfhjhu ãWtd« rh®Ãš
eilbg‰w if fGΫ
ãfœ¢Áæš br‹id
khefuh£Á k‰W« jåah®
gŸëfis¢ nr®ªj 15,115
khzt, khzéfŸ xnu
neu¤Âš iffis¡ fGé¢
rhjid gil¤jh®fŸ.
Ï›thW m¿¡ifæš
Tw¥g£LŸsJ.
M. jiy¥ò¢ brŒÂfis éçthd brŒÂfshf kh‰¿¢ brŒÂ
thÁ¥ghs® nghš thÁͧfŸ.
ãyeL¡f¤jhš
f£ll§fŸ FY§»d ...
fd kiH ...
cHt® k»œ¢Á
fgo
ϪÂah éa¤jF bt‰¿ ...
Ï. c§fS¡F¥ Ão¤j ãfœ¢Á x‹wD¡F miH¥Ãjœ cUth¡Ff.
jäœ
f©fh£Á
fiyÍ« if t©zK«
v§fŸ gil¥òfŸ
1. cæ®bgW«Xéa«
2. t©z¤jhëš t©z¥ ó¡fŸ
3. F¢Áfëš Föfy«
4. Ïiyfëš fiyfŸ
nkY« gy ...
midtU« tUf!
Mdªj« bgWf.!
ehŸ: 14-11-2012
neu«: fhiy 10
Ïl«: ÔΤÂlš, br‹id
Ï‹iwa brŒÂahs®
xUehŸ KGtJ« gŸë mšyJ R‰W¥òw¤Âš eilbgW« ãfœÎfis
c‰Wneh¡Ff. mt‰¿š c‹id¡ ft®ªj mšyJ gh¤j ãfœÎfis¢ brŒÂahf
kh‰Wf. mL¤j ehŸ fhiy¡ T£l¤Âš go¤J¡fh£Lf.
gŸëæ‹ fhy m£ltizia Ïuæšnt neu¤Âš kh‰¿ mik¤J
vGJf.
35
Jiz¥ghl«
fhilæ‹ E©z¿Î
X® mWtil¡ fhy«. beš taèš gæ®fŸ e‹F ts®ªJ f®fŸ
K‰¿æUªjd.
mªj taY¡FŸ, fhil¥gwit x‹W TLf£o¤ j‹
FŠRfSl‹ thœªJ tªjJ. FŠRfS¡F Ï‹D« KGikahf ÏwFfŸ
tsuéšiy.
xUehŸ, jhŒ¥gwit Ïiu njLtj‰fhf btëæš br‹¿UªjJ.
m¥nghJ, taè‹ brhªj¡fhu® taiy¢ R‰¿¥ gh®¤jh®. `f®fŸ e‹whf
K‰¿é£ld;
ehisna m©il mayh® cjéÍl‹ mWtil brŒa
jäœ
nt©L«' vd¤ jd¡F¤jhnd T¿¡bfh©nl br‹wh®.
m¢rkilªj FŠRfŸ, jhŒ¥gwit T£L¡F¤ ÂU«ÃaÎl‹
elªjjid¡ T¿d. jhŒ¥gwit, “v‹ bršt§fns ... ftiy¥glhÔ®fŸ!
m©il mayh® x›bthUtU« j§fŸ ntiyfëš <Lg£oU¥g®. vdnt,
ehis taè‹ brhªj¡fhu® mWtil brŒa tukh£lh®;
bghW¤ÂU¥ngh«” vd¡ T¿aJ.
36
kWehŸ fhiy taY¡F tªj taè‹ brhªj¡fhu®, äfΫ
ftiyÍl‹,
`ehŸfŸ
jŸë¥ nghdhš
beš
Åzh» éLnk!
R‰w¤jhiu¡ bfh©lhtJ ehisna mWtil brŒa nt©L«' vd
ãid¤J¡bfh©nl br‹wh®.
khiy, T£L¡F¤ ÂU«Ãa jhŒ¥gwitæl« FŠRfŸ Û©L«
Kiwæ£ld. m¥nghJ«
jhŒ¥gwit, “v‹
mt® mWtil brŒakh£lh®;
f©kâfns...
ehisͫ
Vbdåš, R‰w¤jhU¡F« beštašfŸ
ÏU¡F«. mt®fŸ tUtJ« Ia«jh‹; vdnt, bghW¤ÂU¥ngh«” vd¡
T¿aJ.
e«Ã¥ gaåšiy. ehisna FL«g¤ÂdUl‹ tªJ mWtil brŒJél
nt©oaJjh‹' vd v©âathnw br‹wh®.
khiyæš T£L¡F¤
ÂU«Ãa jhŒ¥gwit elªjjid m¿ªjÎl‹, “FHªijfns, eh« clnd
ghJfh¥ghd ntW X® Ïl¤J¡F¢ bršy nt©L«” vd¡ FŠRfis¥
ghJfh¥ghd Ïl¤Â‰F miH¤J¢ br‹wJ.
fhilæ‹ KoÎ g‰¿¡ FGéš fyªJiuahL§fŸ; fU¤Jfis
btëæL§fŸ.
ÏizªJ brŒnth«
ntWghLfis¡ f©LÃo¡f.
37
jäœ
kWehŸ taiy¥ gh®¡f tªj taè‹ brhªj¡fhu®, `Ïå, ahiuÍ«
jäœ
mfuKjè
m©il ÅL
-
g¡f¤J ÅL
mu§F
-
Tl«
m‹id
-
jhŒ
Ïis¥Ãšiy
-
jhœéšiy
cUÎ
-
cUt«
vŸshik
-
ÏfœªJngrhik
VL
-
ò¤jf«
fojhŒ
-
éiuthŒ
faik
-
ÑnHhuJ j‹ik
brhšèat©z« -
brhšèago
38
-
bfhL¤jJ
goͫ
-
mikͫ
ghlrhiy
-
gŸë¡Tl«
ghku®
-
go¡fhjt®
gh®
-
cyf«
òjšé
-
kfŸ
klik
-
m¿é‹ik
khλJ
-
ÏwªJ
Kl¡f‰wh‹
-
xU tif _èif
nkij
-
m¿thë
39
jäœ
eš»aJ
Âw‹ / Âw‹ gFÂ
Ïaš v©
1.
nf£lš
1.1
éê¥òz®Î¥ ghlšfis¡ nf£L¥ òçªJbfhŸSjš
1.2
fyªJiuahliy¡ nf£L¥ òçªJbfhŸSjš
2.
ngRjš
2.1
cça xè¥òl‹ ngRjš
2.2
Ïašghf ciuahLjš
3.
go¤jš
3.1
vëa v© étu§fis¥ go¤j¿jš
Ïaš-3 ciueil
3.2
brŒÂ¤jhŸ go¤jš
Ïaš-3 gæ‰Á
4.
vGJjš
4.1
4.2
4.3
bghUŸ cz®Î¡nf‰g Ïilbtëé£L vGJjš
mid¤J ÏašfŸ
g¤Âia¥ go¤J édh¡fS¡F éil vGJjš
gæ‰Á
f£Liu / ciuahlš vGJjš
Ïaš-1, 2
5.
gil¥gh‰wš
5.1
5.2
ghlš vGJjš, ghLjš
brašÂ£l«
6.
eilKiw Ïy¡fz«
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
ng¢R tH¡F Ïy¡»a tH¡F
Ïiz¥ò¢ brh‰fis m¿ªJ ga‹gL¤Jjš
kuò¤ bjhl®fŸ m¿jš
m¿ªJbfhŸnth«
7.
jhnd f‰wš
7.1
Jiz¥ghl« ,
ÁWÁW fijfis¥ go¤jš
mid¤J ÏašfŸ
7.2
mfuKjèia¥ ga‹gL¤Â¥ bghUs¿jš
Ïaš-2, 3, brŒÍŸ
jäœ
Ïaš-2, 3 ciueil
Ïaš-2
Ïaš-1
Ïaš-1 gæ‰Á
Ïaš-2 gæ‰Á
mfuKjè
8.
brhšyh£Á¤ Âw‹
brŒÍŸ gFÂfŸ k‰W«
8.1
brh‰fsŠÁa« bgU¡Fjš
mid¤J ÏašfŸ
40
jäœ
41
ENGLISH
STANDARD FIVE
TERM II
42
Note to the Teacher:
This textbook in English for class five is an innovative,
activity-based, competence oriented, learner and teacher-friendly
resourceful reader. It has seven units. Each is a collage on one central
theme which is presented through different genres like stories,
fantasies, dialogues, factual prose, poems, letters and reports. To
facilitate easy learning, each unit is divided into six areas Listening,
speaking, reading, vocabulary, grammar and writing. Prior preparation
and planning will be required to impart all these skills effectively in the
classroom
43
1. Let us listen :
Speaking a language starts with listening, that is, listening with
understanding. To develop this skill, students need a lot of listening
sessions. You are their role model. You need to read aloud. Your oral
reading with correct pronunciation, stress, intonation and pause will
help the students to acquire this skill. Activities like listening to
rhymes, songs and stories and involving them in discussions will
ENGLISH
facilitate speaking skill also.
2. Let us speak :
Every student likes to speak in English but not enough
opportunities are given to them.
Here in this coursebook, many
situations and contexts are designed wherein students will be
prompted to speak in English with ease and confidence.
44
3. Let us read :
Our students must be helped to develop a love for reading as it
opens to them various treasures of knowledge. At the primary level,
the students take interest in reading for fun and amusement.
Stories, fantasies, adventures, dialogue and personal reports will
naturally promote a taste for reading.
4. Let us buildup vocabulary :
A good amount of vocabulary empowers learners and keep them
self-confident and self-reliant. The learner is able to
(i) Recognise it during communication.
(ii) Use it in appropriate situations.
(iii) Pronounce and spell it correctly and
(iv) Understand their relationship with other words.
similes and metaphors will enhance their word power.
5. Let us write :
Writing is a creative process as well as an essential tool for
communication. So, instead of limiting the students to conventional
way of guided and controlled compositions, teachers can encourage
them in free and unrestricted activities like writing simple poems,
projects, informal letters and developing stories.
45
ENGLISH
Exercises on compound words, kinship terms, homophones,
6. Let us learn grammar :
In place of learning grammar rules for doing stereo typed
exercises, let us focus our attention and efforts on using grammar
for better and effective communication.
The following steps of
teaching – learning would bring in desired results :
a) Presentation through illustrations and situations.
b) Identification and explanation of rules.
c) Practice
d)
Application
7. Underlying themes :
Learning at school prepares the students for a better future.
They are to have footing in good human values.
Each lesson is
centered on a specific theme. The coursebook is designed on the
ENGLISH
following themes.
 Saving our earth and environment.
 Nurturing good human values.
 Inculcating healthy habits.
 Promoting patriotic feelings.
 Developing spirit of inquiry and discovery.
 Encouraging sportive spirit and co-operation.
Advocating fanciful imagination and creativity.
46
UNIT 1 - PROSE
Let us discuss :
1. Why do people go to hospitals?
2. Why do people fall sick?
3. Do you fall sick often?
4. When is World Health Day
celebrated?
HEALTH IS WEALTH
ENGLISH
School has reopened after the first term. Children are cheerful,
sharing about their vacation. The teacher enters the classroom and they
greet her in unison.
Students : Good morning mam!
cheerful - happy
unison - together
Teacher : Good morning children. It is nice to see you all again.
Please take your seats. (Notices that Rahul's place is empty)
Hmm.. Rahul seems to be absent! Does anyone know why
he has not turned up?
47
Ajay
:
Yes mam, Rahul is suffering from
Typhoid.
Teacher :
I am sorry to hear that. Our first lesson in
English in this term is about “Healthy
Living”; and I am sad to observe that we
are not starting on a very healthy note. Well, why do you
think Rahul is suffering from typhoid?
Vijay
He often eats snacks sold outside the school. I think this is
the reason for his illness.
:
Teacher : Rightly said Vijay. Flies, dust and germs
sit on uncovered food. Eating such food will make us
fall ill. Let us congratulate Ajay and John. They were
not absent even for a single day during the last term.
ENGLISH
John :
Thanks to my parents, I have been
following healthy habits.
Teacher : That's good John. Children, how do we
cultivate healthy habits ?
typhoid
- an infectious fever
Rahim :
We must get up as early as a snacks
- small quantity of
food eaten
lark in the morning.
between meals
Teacher : That's true! “Early to bed germs
- micro organisms
and early to rise, makes us
healthy, wealthy and wise!”
Archana : I brush my teeth both in the morning and
at night. Without brushing, I do not eat
breakfast. I rinse my mouth after every
snack or meal. Only then my teeth will be
as pretty as pearls.
48
Teacher : What else must you do to keep yourselves clean?
Divya
: I wash my hair regularly.
Ajay
: I clip my nails every week and keep
it short.
Vijay
: I wear clean clothes.
Rahim
: I wash my hands before I eat food or
snack.
Teacher : That's nice! With what should you
wash your hands and how often?
John
: I wash my hands with soap, before and
after every meal.
Archana : I wash my hands with soap after using the rest room.
: I wash my face, hands and feet when I return home from
school and after playtime.
Teacher : Well! What is a healthy diet?
Archana : Eating the right food at the right time
is good for our health.
Teacher : Fine! How do we take care of our health?
Ajay
: We must also drink plenty of water–pure clean water, six to
eight glasses per day.
Teacher : Good that you mentioned clean water…water should as
clear as crystal.
49
ENGLISH
Murali
Rahim
: Regular exercise also keeps us fit as a fiddle; walking is
good exercise.
John
: My mom always talks about
healthy diet.
Teacher : Well, what is a healthy diet?
John
: Carbohydrate, protein and
vitamins make a balanced diet.
Archana : Ha ha ha .. John is quoting straight out from the Science
book mam.
Teacher : Shhh Archana, anyway, he is right. Food that contains all of
these have to be consumed regularly.
ENGLISH
Murali
: Fresh vegetables and vitamins - essential food
components
fruits are full of vitamins
minerals - inorganic
and minerals.
substances needed
for good health.
Teacher : Yes it is. But make sure
you wash them in clean water, before eating them raw. Now
let us discuss how we can keep our
surroundings clean.
Ajay
: We should not soil the place.
Teacher : You are right. A messy place is a sore sight.
Rahim
: We must use the garbage bin and must
also learn to cover it.
John
: Why should we cover the garbage - rubbish or waste
scatter - throw in all directions
bins, mam?
50
Teacher : Can anyone answer John's question?
Archana : Yes I can. Sometimes, birds and animals scatter the rubbish
everywhere and make the place dirty.
Rahim
: We need to wash our hands every time we use the garbage
bin.
Ajay
: Mam, I have seen people spit everywhere and throw rubbish
all around.
Teacher : We must never do that. We must always keep our
surroundings clean. ( The bell rings.)
Thank you children. You have learnt a lot on health and
hygiene today. I hope you will follow these habits and lead a
healthy and happy life !
Let us understand
I. Answer the following questions :
Why do you get typhoid?
What is a balanced diet?
Why should we cover garbage bins?
How often should one wash his/her hands?
Why do you think we should rinse our mouth after every meal?
II. Fill in the blanks :
(a) __________________________________________________
makes us healthy, wealthy and wise.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
We need to drink ________________ glasses of water.
We need to clip our nails ___________.
After using restrooms, we need to wash our hands with ______.
Fresh fruits and vegetables are full of _____________ and
______________.
51
ENGLISH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity :
I. Learning can be fun. List any five good and five bad habits from
the lesson.
Good habits
Bad habits
1. ____________
1. ____________
2. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
3. ____________
4. ____________
4. ____________
5. ____________
5. ____________
II. Let us look at the picture and answer the questions.
ENGLISH
1. What does the picture convey?
2. What would you like to change in the picture?
52
Let us build vocabulary
I. Choose the correct meaning of
1. cultivate
a) develop
b) call
c) clean
b) seating
c) throw everywhere
b) rash
c) rose
b) use
c) scream
b) rubbish
c) bag
2. scatter
a) scale
3. rinse
a) wash
4. consume
a) eat
5. garbage
a) garage
II. Shall we find out the opposites? (Antonyms)
x
dir_ _
2. healthy
x
_ _ healthy
3. covered
x
op _ _ ed
4. early
x
l_ t_
5. right
x
w_ on_
ENGLISH
1. clean
Let us learn :
Read the poem and answer the questions :
Gathering leaves
Spades take up leaves
No better than spoons
And bags full of leaves
Are light as balloons.
53
I made a great noise
Of rustling all day
Like rabbit and deer
Running away.
- Robert Frost.
Questions
1. How do spades look like? ..................
2. What is as light as balloons? .................
3. What is the rustling sound compared to? ...........................
These comparisons are called Similes. Simile is a figure of
speech in which one thing is compared to another using the words 'as'
or 'like'. Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word stands for
something else. 'Spades are spoons'. They do similar work of taking
up things. So the sentence is a metaphor.
ENGLISH
Give your examples of similes and metaphors.
Let us read
How are the underlined words used?
As white as snow
As tiny as ants
Let us learn
Can you pick out the similes from the lesson?
Eg: as early as a lark.
(1) ______________________________
(2) ______________________________
(3) ______________________________
(4) ______________________________
54
I. Listen carefully to your teacher, when he / she says the
following sentences. Observe the tone.
If it is a question, use
?
If it is a statement, use
.
1. We want a pair of scissors
2. Where are the scissors
3. Didn't you find it in the thread box
4. No, it is not there
5. Where did you keep it
Note : This exercise also can be done on a separate sheet of paper.
Let us speak
Rani : Hello Raji! How are you?
Raji : I am fine. Thank you. How do you do?
Rani : I am fine. Yesterday was a holiday, what did you do?
Raji : I went to the Merry World theme park. We went for many
water rides. How did you spend your time yesterday?
Rani : I went to the exhibition.
The ride in the giant wheel
was frightening. I visited many stalls. I bought some books.
Nice meeting you Raji. We'll talk later, bye!
55
ENGLISH
This is a dialogue between two friends
Let us take turns and practise the dialogue.
questions like :
Ask some more
a) What did you buy in the exhibition?
b) Where did you have your lunch yesterday?
c) How did you go to the exhibition?
The words underlined are used for comparison.
As we have learnt, these comparisons are similes. Simile is a
figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another using the
words 'as' or 'like'.
Let us make comparisons using the adjectives in the box.
a. As ________ as a giraffe
dark
sweet
red
tall
slow
b. As ________ as a tortoise
ENGLISH
c. As ________ as honey
d. As ________ as a rose
e. As ________ as night
Fill in the blanks, using adjectives:
1. He is six feet. He is ___________
2. The mango is very tasty It is ___________
3. Electricity went off. The room became ___________
4. The PM was given a grand welcome. He walked on the
____________ carpet.
5. The gardener has become old. He is ________ in his work.
56
ACTIVITY
The letters 'a, e, i, o, u,' are the vowel letters and all the other
letters are consonants
Can you think of a word that has all the vowel letters?
Clue: It is related to your studies. It ends with a syllable – tion.
Let us learn something new :
a. We drop the silent 'e' at the end of a word when we add a
syllable beginning with a vowel.
Example :
live + ing
= living
move + ed = moved
b. We double the last letter and add 'ing'
Example : run + ing = running
cut + ing = cutting
Example : skill + ful = skilful
will + ful = wilful
Shall we try?
Drive
+
er
=
________________
Give
+
ing
=
________________
Come +
ing
=
________________
take
+
ing
=
________________
rinse
+
ed
=
________________
hope
+
ed
=
________________
57
'll', the second 'l'
ENGLISH
c. When we add 'ful' to words which have
is dropped.
The vowels 'a,e,i,o,' appear in many words but 'u' is rare. Of
all the vowels the use of 'u' is only 8% .
Fill in the pie-chart with the given data.
u-8, a-21, e-32, i-19, o-20
1. There is a seven letter word which has three 'U's. What is it?
unusual
2. Make as many words as you can from EDUCATION. – Put them
in the table below.
ENGLISH
Words with
One letter
Two letters
Three letters
Four letters
I
on
cat
note
Let us write :
Do you know how to write a letter to a friend or relative? A letter of
this type is known as a friendly or an informal letter.
58
Rahul is inviting Ravi to spend his holidays with him.
D, 40. 7th street,
New colony,
Salem - 20.
12.10.2011
Dear Ravi,
How are you? How did you write your examinations? As our
school is now closed for the pooja holidays. we are planning to go to
Yercaud. Would you like to join us? Convey my regards to all at
home.
Yours friendly,
S. Rahul
Address on the envelope :
P. Ravi
B, 21, 2nd street,
Gandhinagar,
Chennai-20.
Help Ravi to write a reply to Rahul.
Grammar
You have already learnt how to make statements (Declarative) and
questions (Interrogative)
Let us learn two more kinds of sentences in this class. They are
Imperatives and Exclamatory sentences.
Imperatives are sentences which give suggestion, instruction,
request and commands.
Suggestions :
You will find these words 'Let us' in all the exercises in your book.
These words 'let us' make suggestions. Write four suggestions.
59
ENGLISH
Activity :
Example : Let
Let
Let
Let
us
us
us
us
do the work.
not waste time.
all be united.
share our ideas.
Request :
You have been practising it every day. Write 4 requests.
Example : Ask for a thing from your friend.
Give me your pen please.
Ask your neighbour to do something for you.
Please close the window.
Command :
What do you do in your Physical Education / Yoga class? What are
the commands your teacher gives? Write 4 commands.
Example : Stand straight.
ENGLISH
Instruction :
What instruction does your teacher give at the exam hall?
Write 4 instructions.
Example : Write the question number clearly.
Write 4 instructions you will give to your friend to draw the picture
of a cat or human face.
Exclamatory Sentences (!) :
We use these sentences to express our feelings like joy,
shock, sorrow etc.
Examples : How beautiful the lotus is!
What a pity! The poor man is lying in the gutter.
How serious pollution is! But what a pity! Nobody cares!
Write four exclamatory sentences.
60
UNIT 1 - POEM
KEEPING CLEAN
Every morning we get up
There are things that we must do!
Keeping clean can be much fun
For you and everyone!
We wash our hands, we rub and rub
We wash our faces as you can see.
Brush up and down, up and down
Come brush your teeth with me!
- Anonymous
How do we wash
our face and
hands?
What do you do
in the morning?
What can be
much fun?
How do we
brush our teeth?
61
ENGLISH
Let us answer the questions given in speech bubbles.
What is rhythm?
Rhythm is the regular sound or movement in a poem.
In the nursery rhyme “Twinkle, twinkle little star” the rhythm goes
like this - 'tumti tumti tumti tum'. With this rhythm in mind let us read
the poem 'Tiger’.
TIGER
TIGER, tiger, burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
ENGLISH
In what distant deeps or skies
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand dare seize the fire?
And what shoulder and what art
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread hand and what dread feet?
- William Blake
62
UNIT 2 - PROSE
Let us discuss :
1. Have you heard about our
national leaders?
2. Name a leader you like most.
3. Mention any woman leader you
like.
“Oh, women of India! Let us join
Gandhiji in his freedom struggle.”
Do you know, who gave this call?
Was it Nehru? No. Was it Patel? No.
It was a woman! Yes, you are right. It was
Sarojini Naidu.
Sarojini Naidu was a great patriot. She was a renowned
poet and an orator. She was a popular heroine of the 20th century. She is
fondly called “The Nightingale of India”. Her birthday is celebrated as
National Women's Day.
Patriot
Sarojini was born on February 13,
1879 in Hyderabad. Her father was century
Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya and he was
a scientist. Her mother was Mrs. Barada renowned
scientist
Sundari Devi and she was a Bengali poet.
63
- a lover of
mother land
- a hundred
years
- famous
- an expert in
science
ENGLISH
THE NIGHTINGALE OF INDIA
ENGLISH
Young Sarojini was a bright girl. She was tenderhearted and full of love for the motherland. Her father
wished her to become a mathematician or a scientist.
But she liked
orator
- a good speaker
poetry. Once she
fondly
- lovingly
was working out an
nightingale - a song bird
algebra problem. solution
- answer
She was unable to willingly
- eagerly
find the solution. accompanied - went along
She took a break. During the break, problem
- sum
she wrote poems in English. Then she encouraged - supported
- clearly
wrote a long poem, titled as “The Lady vividly
- devoted
of the Lake.” Her father understood dedicated
struggle
- fight for a cause
that she was interested in poetry. He
encouraged her to write poems. She
wrote poems vividly with simple ideas. Her poems could be sung easily.
Her famous collections were “The Bird of Time” and “The Broken
Wings”.
Sarojini got married to Dr. Govind Naidu, when she was a
nineteen-year-old girl.
In 1916, Sarojini Naidu met
Mahatma Gandhi. She joined willingly the
freedom movement and non-cooperation
movement. She dedicated herself to the
freedom struggle of her homeland. In 1931
she accompanied Gandhiji to England for
the Round Table Conference for Indian –
British cooperation. In 1942, Sarojini Naidu
took part in the freedom protest. She was
arrested for her anti-British activity and put in jail for 21 months along with
Gandhiji.
64
She fought vigorously for the rights and well-being of
the Indian women and she was responsible for their
awakening. She was successful in re-establishing selfesteem among the women of India.
After independence, she became the Governor of
Uttar Pradesh and she was the first woman governor in India.
She passed away on
vigorously
- actively
March 2, 1949. The nightingale of
self-esteem
- what one
India became immortal leaving us
thinks of oneself
with her poems and songs.
passed away - died
Let us understand :
1. Who is fondly called the Nightingale of India?
2. What is special about her poetry?
3. What are her famous collections of poems?
4. When did she join the freedom movement?
5. What did she do for the women of India?
Let us choose:
1. Sarojini Naidu's birthday is celebrated as
a) Children's day
b) Teachers' Day
c) Women's Day
2. Sarojini Naidu was born in
a) Bangalore
b) Hyderabad
c) Mumbai
3. Sarojini Naidu's father was a
a) pilot
b) scientist
65
c) lawyer
ENGLISH
6. You are the children of Mother India. How will you show your love to
India?
Let us fill in the blanks with suitable words given below :
fondly
renowned accompanied
patriot tender-hearted
1. Subash Chandra Bose was a great __________.
2. Rabindranath Tagore was a ____________ poet.
3. Mother Teresa was a __________ lady.
4. Suresh ________ his grandfather to hospital.
5. The mother looks after the child _________.
Let us do :
1. Here is a glass jar. There are no sweets in it. But
it is full of letters. Take the letters from the glass jar and
make words for the meanings given below. The words
are taken from the lesson.
ENGLISH
Example : One who writes poems - poet
1. An expert in science _____________.
2. One who loves his/her own country ______________.
3. Fight for a cause ____________.
4. A hundred years _____________.
5. An expert in mathematics __________.
2. Collect pictures of various women leaders of India and prepare
an album. Write a paragraph about them under the pictures.
66
Let us listen :
The teacher reads the rhyme with rhythm.
Listen to the
teacher carefully.
ONCE in the dream of a night I stood
Lone in the light of a magical wood,
Soul-deep in visions that poppy-like sprang;
And spirits of Truth were the birds that sang,
And spirits of Love were the stars that glowed,
And spirits of Peace were the streams that flowed
In that magical wood in the land of sleep.
- Sarojini Naidu.
Let us do :
Each should give
words which rhyme with the words said by the teacher.
Example :
Teacher : Ball
Group A :
Tall
Group B :
Fall
Group A :
……….
wood, star, light, dream, sang, glow, make
The teacher reads out words from the list in a random manner.
Each group gets one point for each rhyming word. Each group can give
rhyming words in turns.
67
ENGLISH
The class may be divided into two groups.
Let us read
Activity - 1
Here is an exercise in 'Quick reading' (scanning)
One of you can do this :
Open your book at any page, read out a name, a new word or a
sentence that is important on that page.
Ask one of your classmates to find the word and tell the page
number, paragraph and line. You can give them clues – 'this is between
page ______ and______. This is somewhere in unit - 1. Give a little
time. When a student has found out, ask him to wait. Give others a
chance – then ask for the answer. Repeat this exercise three or four
times with different words / sentences each time.
Let us write :
ENGLISH
1. Read the following story and complete it.
Once there lived a merchant in a village. His name was Ramu. He
owned a horse and an ass. He used the ass to carry a heavy load. But
the horse always carried a light load.
One day the ass fell ill. It became weak.
It was not able to do any work. It was not taken
out for many days.
One day the merchant took the ass and the
horse to a fair.
The ass carried a heavy load. But the
horse did not carry any load. On the way,
the ass requested the horse to carry a
part of its load for a short distance.
68
The horse refused. The ass became tired. It could not move further. It
fell down on the ground.
The merchant shifted the load onto the horse and forced it to carry.
The horse………………………………………………..
2. Let us write four sentences about a leader you like most.
Grammar
Verbs are action words
We have learnt about verbs (action words) in Class III & IV
A . Let us underline the action words in the sentences given below :
1. (Example) Tom reads a novel.
2. Monkeys jump.
3. We swim in rivers.
4. She drinks tea.
5. Fire burns.
Nouns
Verbs
The sun
-
blows
Girls
-
roars
The wind
-
bark
The lion
-
shines
Dogs
-
laugh
C. Let us look at the pictures and fill in the
blanks with the suitable verbs :
1. The children _____________.
69
ENGLISH
B. Let us match the nouns with the verbs given below :
2. The boys _____________.
3. The ships _____________.
4. They
_____________.
5. They
_____________.
D. Let us learn about 'be' verbs as helping verbs
1. I am drawing a picture.
2. He is reading a book.
ENGLISH
3. They are watching TV.
4. I was writing a test.
5. They were playing cricket.
'Be' verbs are 'am, is, are, was, were'. They help us to find out
the tense, number and person.
E. Let us fill in the blanks with ‘be' verbs :
1. I _______ nine years old.
2. Ramu _________ my friend.
3. He _______ playing.
4. You _________ a player.
5. Balu and Kumar __________ players.
70
Adverbs
Adverbs describe verbs
A. Let us look at the pictures and answer the questions given below:
1. What is the girl doing?
2. What is Arun doing?
3. What is the boy doing?
4. What is the old man doing?
B. Let us read the following sentences to find out how they do
things as shown in the picture :
1. The girl is dancing happily.
2. Arun is writing neatly.
4. The old man is walking slowly.
C. Let us complete the sentences given below with the right adverbs
from the box
bravely, merrily, sweetly, clearly, quickly
1. The boys are playing
____________.
2. Birds are singing
____________.
3. The soldiers fight
____________.
4. Basker writes
____________.
5. The old man cannot walk ____________.
71
ENGLISH
3. The boy is crying loudly.
D. You've learnt that adverbs tell us more about verbs- when
where or how an action happens.
Collect verbs and adverbs that go with each other. Prepare grid
cards as shown below. Match them and write them in your notebook.
Grid Card
Adverbs
early
slowly
quickly
nearly
immediately
Verbs
arrived
walked
came
replied
returned
worked
ENGLISH
Example :
arrived early
replied immediately
E. Collect five advertisements from English newspapers and
magazines. Paste them in your English notebook. Write down
the adverbs below the pictures.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions are joining words
A. Let us look at the pictures and read the sentences:
I bought a pen and a pencil.
Suresh is reading and Ashok is writing.
72
Anand and Kumar are friends
Rathi and Sita are players.
The word 'and' join words and sentences. It is a conjunction.
B. Let us look at the pictures and read the sentences :
Selvi is short but Latha is tall.
Edwin is poor but Mathan is rich.
The word 'but' joins sentences. It is a conjunction.
C. Let us look at the pictures and read the sentences :
You can take an apple or an orange.
The word 'or' joins words and sentences. It is a conjunction.
D. Let us pick out conjunctions in the following sentences :
1. Saranya and Nalini are going to school.
2. Priya is clever but Sheela is dull.
3. Do you like coffee or tea?
73
ENGLISH
Ashok is sad but Siva is happy.
Balu is thin but Raju is fat.
4. Anitha is tall and beautiful.
5. Do you like stories or poems?
E. Let us fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions given below :
and, but, or
1. Devi bought a pen _______ a slate.
2. Is the room big _______ small?
3. Mahesh _______ Muthu work hard.
4. He is tall _______ his wife is short.
5. He is poor _______ his friend is rich.
Compound Words
ENGLISH
Compound words are made of two or more small words.
He is a postman.
He is a school boy.
She is playing football.
This is a briefcase.
A. Let us understand
hand +
ball
=
handball
rain
coat =
raincoat
+
74
class
+ mate
=
classmate
fire
+ fly
=
firefly
bed
+ room
=
bedroom
B. Let us match and make compound words.
A
B
1. post
fast
2. black
man
3. moon
book
4. break
board
5. note
light
1. I saw a _________ yesterday.
2. My uncle is the ________ of sports club.
3. Spain won the ________ match this year.
4. The students entered the _________ .
5. This _________ is very heavy.
75
suitcase
classroom
chairman
policeman
football
ENGLISH
C. Let us pick out the compound words from the box and complete
the sentences :
UNIT 2 - POEM
THE FLAG GOES BY
Hats off!
“Along” the street there comes
A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums,
A flash of colour beneath the sky.
Hats off!
The flag is passing by!
Blue and crimson and white it shines,
Over the steel-tipped, ordered lines.
ENGLISH
Hats off!
The colours before us fly;
But more than the flag is passing by.
Sign of a nation, great and strong,
To ward her people from foreign wrong;
Pride and glory and honour, all
Live in the colours to stand or fall.
- H.H. Bennet
The poet talks about his country's soldiers marching on the street;
they are carrying their flags. The poet wants his people to respect the flag
and feel proud. The feelings of the poet are the same for all the people
throughout the world.
76
Questions :
1. What is passing by the street?
2. What sound do you hear?
3. Who is carrying the flag?
4. Which country does the flag belongs to?
5. Why should we pay respect to our National flag?
6. 'Comes' rhymes with 'drums'. Mention the other rhyming words.
ENGLISH
77
78
ENGLISH