BROOKFIELD CT3
TEXTURE ANALYZER
Operating Instructions
Manual No. M08-372-E0315
SPECIALISTS IN THE
MEASUREMENT AND
CONTROL OF VISCOSITY
with offices in:
Boston • Chicago • London • Stuttgart • Guangzhou
BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.
11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA
TEL 508-946-6200 or 800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA)
FAX 508-946-6262 INTERNET http://www.brookfieldengineering.com
Table of Contents
I.INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................. 5
I.1Components........................................................................................................5
I.2Utilities...............................................................................................................6
I.3Units...................................................................................................................6
I.4 Specifications.....................................................................................................6
I.5Installation..........................................................................................................7
I.6 Safety Symbols and Precautions........................................................................8
I.7 Key Functions....................................................................................................9
I.8Cleaning...........................................................................................................11
II. QUICK START................................................................................................................. 12
III.OPERATION.................................................................................................................... 13
III.1 Principle............................................................................................................13
III.2 Emergency Stop................................................................................................13
III.3 Base Table.........................................................................................................14
III.4 Probes...............................................................................................................15
III.5 Fixtures.............................................................................................................15
III.6 Operating Menu................................................................................................15
III.7 Running A Test.................................................................................................17
NORMAL Test.................................................................................................18
HOLD TIME Test............................................................................................19
CYCLE COUNT Test......................................................................................20
BLOOM Test....................................................................................................21
TPA Test...........................................................................................................22
TENSION Test.................................................................................................23
TARGET HOLD-TO-LOAD Test....................................................................24
SURIMI Test....................................................................................................28
III.8 Global Parameters..............................................................................................29
III.9 Probe Pre-positioning........................................................................................30
III.9.1 NORMAL mode Pre-positioning.........................................................30
III.9.2 HOLD TIME mode Pre-positioning....................................................31
III.9.3 CYCLE COUNT mode Pre-positioning..............................................32
III.9.4 BLOOM mode Pre-positioning............................................................32
III.9.5 TPA mode Pre-positioning...................................................................32
III.9.6 TENSION mode Pre-positioning.........................................................33
III.10 Texture Loader Software.................................................................................33
III.11 Checking Calibration.......................................................................................33
IV. TEST METHOD DEVELOPMENT................................................................................. 36
IV.1 Sample Preparation............................................................................................36
IV.2 Test Probe / Fixture............................................................................................36
IV.3 Test Parameters..................................................................................................37
IV.4 Recommendations..............................................................................................37
V.APPLICATIONS............................................................................................................... 38
V.1 Comparison of Low Fat and Virtually Fat Free Yogurt Consistencies................38
V.2 A Comparison of the Textural Characterstics of Biscuits (Cookies)...................41
V.3 Review of Solid Chocolate at Ambient Temperature..........................................43
Appendix A - Probes, Fixtures, Calibration Accessories and Gelatin Accessories........ 46
A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
Probes.......................................................................................................46
Fixtures....................................................................................................50
Calibration Accessories............................................................................56
Gelatin Accessories..................................................................................57
Appendix B - Troubleshooting....................................................................................... 58
Appendix C - Texture Loader Programming.................................................................. 59
Appendix D - CT3 to Computer Command Set............................................................. 61
Appendix E - Online Help and Additional Resources.................................................... 62
Appendix F - Warranty and Repair Service................................................................... 63
I.INTRODUCTION
The CT3 Texture Analyzer is the most recent development of the original Boucher Jelly Tester. The
original product was created as the Stevens Texturemeter and evolved into the CNS Farnell LFRA TA
(Leatherhead Food Research Association Texture Analyzer). Brookfield Engineering first enhanced
the design of the LFRA, maintaining the characteristics of the original equipment, while expanding its
measurement capabilities and ease of use by incorporating modern digital technology.
The new Brookfield CT3 Texture Analyzer is the third generation of this venerable product, adding
tension testing capability, increased load cell options, space for large samples, two options for base
tables and a wider range of accessories for more flexibility. The main objective is to characterize your
samples in a way that best represents their perception by human senses. This is the essence of texture
analysis.
The principle of operation of the CT3 Texture Analyzer is to subject a sample to controlled forces in
compression using a probe, or in tension using grips. The resistance of the material to these forces is
measured by a calibrated load cell and shown in either grams or Newtons. These forces are a function
of the properties of the sample and the parameters of the test method.
There are seven load cell ranges available for the CT3 Texture Analyzer offered by Brookfield:
Model
Load Cell Range
CT3-100
0.1kg or 100g
CT3-1000
1.0kg or 1000g
CT3-1500
1.5kg or 1500g
CT3-4500
4.5kg or 4500g
CT3-10KG10.0kg
CT3-25KG25kg
CT3-50KG50kg
I.1Components
Please check to be sure that you have received all components, and that there is no damage. If
you are missing any parts, please notify Brookfield Engineering or your local Brookfield agent
immediately. Any shipping damage must be reported to the carrier.
Component
Part Number
Quantity
CT3 Texture Analyzer
varies
1
Operating Manual
M08-372
1
USB Cable
DVP-202
1
Power Cord
1
115 Volt or
DVP-651
230 Volt
DVP-66
TextureLoader CD
CD-ProgA
1
Probe Adapter M6 to M3 Threads
TA51
1
Optional
Probe
varies
per order
Temperature Probe
DVP-94Y
1
Rotary Base Table
TA-RT-KIT
1
Fixture Base Table
TA-BT-KIT
1
Bloom Strip
CT3-CS-100 or1
CT3-CS-1000
Calibration Weight Set varies by load cell
1
Standard Probe Kit
TA-P-KIT2
1
TexturePro CT Software
TA-CT-PRO
1
NOTE: Optional components may include probes or fixtures. See Appendix A for details.
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I.2Utilities
Input Voltage:
Input Frequency:
Power Consumption:
Fuse:
Power Cord Color Code:
Hot (live)
Neutral
Ground (earth)
90-265 VAC
50/60 Hz
150 VA
Two 4 amp, 5 x 20mm, Time-lag
United States
Outside United States
Black
Brown
WhiteBlue
Green
Green/Yellow
Main supply voltage fluctuations are not to exceed ±10% of the nominal supply voltage.
I.3Units
The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses the SI system of units for all parameters.
Parameter
Unit
Load
Grams or Newtons
DeformationMillimeter
TimeSeconds
Speed
Millimeter per second
WorkMilliJoules
Abbreviation
g or N
mm
s
mm/s
mJ
I.4Specifications
Load:
Range
Resolution
Model
Grams
Grams
Accuracy*
CT3-100
0-100
0.01
±0.5%FSR
CT3-1000
0-1000
0.10
±0.5%FSR
CT3-1500
0-1500
0.20
±0.5%FSR
CT3-4500
0-4500
0.50
±0.5%FSR
CT3-10KG
1-10000
1.0
±0.5%FSR
CT3-25KG
2-25000
2.0
±0.5%FSR
CT3-50KG
5-50000
5.0
±0.5%FSR
FSR = Full Scale Range
*This value applies to the full range of operating temperatures as defined later in this section
under Environmental Conditions. Accuracy is 0.2%FSR, when the instrument is operated
in a stable ambient temperature (20°C - 25°C).
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Trigger Point:
Model
CT3-100
CT3-1000
CT3-1500
CT3-4500
CT3-10KG
CT3-25KG
CT3-50KG
Range
Grams
0.1-10
0.2-100
0.2-150
0.5-500
1-1000
2-2500
5-5000
Resolution
Grams
0.01
0.10
0.2
0.5
1.0
2.0
5.0
Recommended trigger value settings are given in Table II.1.
NOTE: Setting a trigger value of zero disables trigger function so test will immediately start
from current position.
Speed:
0.01 to 0.1 mm/s in increments of 0.01 mm/s
0.1 to 10 mm/s in increments of 0.1 mm/s
Accuracy: ±0.1% of set speed
Position:
Range: 0-101.6 mm
Resolution: 0.1mm
Accuracy: 0.1mm
Increments for changing test speed using the Select/Scroll knob can be switched between
0.1mm/s and 1.0mm/s by depressing Reset/Stop button.
Temperature:
Output:
-20°C to 120°C (Requires optional probe, DVP-94Y)
RS232 Compatible Serial Port, USB Port
Environmental
Conditions:
0°C to 40°C temperature range (41°F to 104°F)
20% - 80% relative humidity, non-condensing atmosphere
Use:
Intended for indoor use only
Altitude: up to 2000m
Dimensions:
10.5” x 10.5” x 24”
Weight:
37 lbs. (16.8 kg)
I.5Installation
1) Prepare a clean, level surface.
NOTE: This instrument is a sensitive force measuring device. It should be installed on a clean,
solid, level bench surface which is free from external vibrations.
2) Unpack and remove the CT3 Texture Analyzer from the shipping container.
The CT3 Texture Analyzer weighs 16.8 kg (37 pounds). Use caution when lifting the
unit out of the packaging.
3) Place the CT3 Texture Analyzer on a sturdy, level surface. Adjust the four feet to ensure
that the instrument is stable.
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4) Remove any additional components from the shipping package. Save the shipping container
and packaging for future use.
5) Install base table using the supplied pair of T-bolts and thumbscrews. Position the base
table so that it is approximately centered under the probe. More accurate alignment may
be required for certain fixtures.
6) Make sure that the AC power switch at the rear of the CT3 Texture Analyzer is in the OFF
position. Connect the power cord to the socket on the back panel of the instrument
l on
and plug it into the appropriate AC line. Position instrument so that the power
o off cord can be removed easily.
The AC input voltage and frequency must be within the appropriate range as shown on
the model and serial tag of the instrument (located on the back of the CT3).
The CT3 Texture Analyzer must be earth grounded to ensure against electronic failure!
7) If appropriate, connect communication cable which is supplied with Texture Loader software
to the appropriate port for connection to a computer.
8) Turn the power switch to the ON position. The startup screen will indicate the firmware
version and load range of the CT3 (Figure I.1).
CT3 VERSION X.X
TEXTURE ANALYZER
XXXX GRAM UNIT
INITIALIZING
Figure I.1
9) Allow the instrument to warm up for 10 minutes.
10) If desired, check calibration according to Section III.9.
I.6 Safety Symbols and Precautions
Safety Symbols
The following explains safety symbols which may be found in this operating manual, or on the
instrument itself.
Indicates hazardous voltages may be present.
Refer to the manual in all cases where this symbol is evident. Used for specific warning
or caution information to avoid personal injury or damage to the instrument.
Keep hands, fingers and other body parts clear of moving parts when operating instrument.
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Functional Earth Terminal - Main power entry module must have an earth conductor.
Precautions
If this instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection
provided by the instrument may be impaired.
This instrument is not intended for use in a potentially hazardous environment.
In case of emergency, turn off the instrument and then disconnect the electrical cord
from the wall outlet.
The user should ensure that the substances placed under test do not release poisonous,
toxic or flammable gases or liquids at the temperatures which they are subjected to
during the testing.
I.7 Key Functions
The CT3 Texture Analyzer is operated through two keys and a knob located on the keypad.
Additionally, there is an emergency stop button located above the base and to the right of the
probe rod.
Display
CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER
Reset
Stop
Select/Scroll
Start
BROOKFIELD
Emergency
Stop
Probe
Adapter
Figure I.2
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RESET / STOP
START
This key is used to stop a test in progress and return to starting position. This button will
also toggle test speed selections between 0.1mm/ss and 1.0mm/s as the Select/Scroll
knob is rotated.
This key is used to start the test. During the descent of the probe, prior to the trigger
point, this key can be used to accelerate the rate of descent.
SELECT / SCROLL (see section III.6)
This knob has multiple functions:
1. The knob is pressed to select the option currently highlighted.
2. The knob is rotated to change the value of the parameter being selected.
3. During a test, pressing this knob will display test parameters.
4. Holding knob depressed while turning on power will switch the load display units
between grams and Newtons.
EMERGENCY STOP
This button is used to abort a test in case of an emergency condition.
BACK PANEL
1) USB Type B Port
3) Temperature Probe Plug
2) RS-232 Serial Port
4) Power Entry Module
Power ON/OFF Switch
Figure I.3
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1) USB TYPE B PORT
Use with USB Cable P/N DVP-202 to connect instrument to a computer. Cable USB 2.0 A Male
to B Male. See Appendix D, (CT3 to Computer Command Set)
2) RS-232 Serial Port
Use with RS-232 Cable P/N DVP-80 to connect instrument to a computer.
See Appendix D, (CT3 to Computer Command Set).
3) Temperature Probe Plug - 4 pin plug. Use with Temperature Probe P/N DVP-94Y
4) Power Entry Module: ON/OFF switch-fused (see I.2 Utilities). Voltage: 90-265 VAC
I.8Cleaning
Instrument and Keypad:
Clean with a dry, nonabrasive cloth. Do not use solvents
or cleaners.
Probes and Fixtures:
Probes and fixtures are made from a variety of materials
from metals (stainless steel, aluminum) to plastics (acrylic,
Black Delrin, Nylon). Clean with a nonabrasive cloth
using solvents that are appropriate for both the sample
material and the material of the probe and/or fixture.
Do not apply excessive upward, downward or sideways force to probe while fixed to
CT3. Damage may occur to the load cell.
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II.
QUICK START
1.
Unpack the instrument according to Section I.5.
2. Install base table in accordance with the instruction sheet that is enclosed with the base
table. Place the sample on the base table. Adjust the table height so that the surface of the
sample is within 5 mm of the probe.
3.
Attach the selected probe. See Section IV.2 for more information.
4.
Set the test mode to Normal. Please review Section III.6 for detailed explanation of operation
of Select/Scroll knob.
5.
Set the trigger value as recommended below.
Recommended Minimum
Trigger Value
0.5g
2g
3g
4.5g
10g
25g
50g
Load Cell
100g
1000g
1500g
4500g
10kg
25kg
50kg
Table II.1
6.
Set the test speed and distance. See Section IV.3 for more information.
7.
Press the START button. The weight of the probe will autozero and then the test will start.
8.
Record all test results.
9.
Remove sample and clean the probe.
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III.OPERATION
III.1 Principle
The Brookfield CT3 Texture Analyzer can be operated in either compression or tension modes.
In compression mode, a probe moves down slowly at pretest speed until a threshold value (the
trigger) is reached. The probe then moves a set distance at a set speed into the sample material that
is placed (or fixed) on the base table. The load is continuously monitored as a function of both time
and distance until the probe again returns to its starting position.
In tension mode, the sample is typically held between a pair of grips. The test starts when the trigger
load is reached as the grips move apart. The load resistance as the sample is stretched or pulled
apart is recorded as a function of both time and distance.
III.2 Emergency Stop
The CT3 Texture Analyzer can operate with up to 50,000g (50kg) of force dependent on load
cell. Be sure to place only the sample for test under the probe.
Keep body parts and clothing away from the probe during the test.
The CT3 Texture Analyzer uses controlled forces to evaluate a material. The user must take care
not to place any body part or clothing in the testing zone while the machine is moving. The CT3
Texture Analyzer is provided with an Emergency Stop Button (see Figure I.2) for use in case of
an operational problem.
Pressing the Emergency Stop Button will cause different immediate actions depending upon the
type of test in use.
Compression: Pressing Emergency Stop Button during a compression test will:
1) Stop the test in progress and display emergency stop screen.
EMERGENCY STOP
RESET EMERGENCY STOP
Figure III.1
2) The probe immediately returns to the home position.
3) The Emergency Stop condition can be canceled by rotating the Emergency Stop Button
clockwise. This will reset the CT3 firmware to the power up condition.
Tension: Pressing Emergency Stop Button during a tension test will:
1) Immediately stop probe movement and display the emergency stop screen.
2) Probe returns to test start position, after resetting the emergency stop.
3) A sequence of menus then leads user back to the home position.
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III.3 Base Table
The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers two options for Base Tables on which the test sample is placed.
Both tables should be secured to the slotted base of the CT3 with thumbscrews and T-bolts. This
design provides ample adjustment side-to-side and front-to-back to correctly align fixtures and
position a wide range of samples for testing.
NOTE:Always be sure all position and height adjustments are securely locked before starting
every test.
Fixture Base Table
(TA-RT-KIT)
FIne Adjustment Knob
Fixture Base Table
(TA-BT-KIT)
Locking Knob
Figure III.2
See Appendix A for fixtures which can be used with each Base Table.
Rotary Base Table
The Rotary Base Table (P/N TA-RT-KIT) is a disc shaped surface and should always be centered
under the probe when conducting compression tests. There are two methods of adjusting the height
in order to place the sample close to the probe for testing. The locking knob on the base of the
Rotary Table allows quick height adjustment; just unlock the knob, raise or lower the table, then lock
it into position. The table is also mounted on a threaded shaft held securely with a fine adjustment
nut. Unlocking the fine adjustment nut and rotating the table will raise or lower the test surface to
give even more range to the height adjustment.
Always hold the Rotary Base Table with one hand while loosening the Locking Knob.
This will prevent the Rotary Base Table from falling abruptly to the CT3 housing.
Keep fingers away from the Fine Adjust Nut when lowering the Rotary Base Table to
prevent a pinch injury.
Fixture Base Table
The Fixture Base Table (P/N TA-BT-KIT) is a rectangular test surface with a removable center.
Many of the test fixtures fit into this center area so this table becomes the mounting base for these
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sample test fixtures. The Fixture Base Table is supplied with a variety of extension legs to set the
test surface at the correct height for all accessory fixtures. Some disassembly is required to add
or remove extension legs by loosening the Phillips head bolts in the underside of the base table.
III.4 Probes
There are a wide range of probes available for use with the CT3 Texture Analyzer as described in
Appendix A. One should always be aware that the probe chosen will have an impact upon the test
result. Choice of a probe must be made with consideration toward the purpose of the test and the
nature of the sample.
The probes may be cleaned while attached to the CT3. Follow recommendations in Section I.8.
Always attach probes only finger tight to prevent thread damage. Do not apply excessive
upward, downward or sideways force. Damage may occur to the load cell.
Inspect a probe before use for any damage and always handle them carefully as some have sharp
points or edges. Most probes require the TA51 thread adapter to attach to the CT3. This adapter
is installed at the factory before your instrument was shipped. A few probes and most accessory
fixtures require removal of the probe adapter. Keep it in a safe place as it is needed for most probes.
III.5 Fixtures
There are a range of fixtures available for use with the CT3 Texture Analyzer as described in
Appendix A. These devices are designed to hold a sample in place during measurement. Each
fixture is designed to attach to either the Rotary Base or Fixture Base Table. Refer to the instructions
provided with the fixture for proper installation.
NOTE:Brookfield can design custom fixtures to meet your application. Contact Brookfield
Engineering or your local authorized dealer for details.
III.6 Operating Menu
The CT3 Texture Analyzer offers seven test modes, one calibration mode and one parameter
selection table.
Normal – single compression cycle.
Hold Time – compress and hold.
Cycle Count – compress sample several times.
Bloom – compression test measures gelatin bloom strength.
TPA – two cycle Texture Profile Analysis compression test.
Tension – pulls apart a sample using tensile force.
Surimi – single compression cycle, stops automatically after gel breaks.
Static Load – monitors load while hanging weights for calibration.
Global Parameter – allows setting pretest speed, post test speed and temperature units.
Each test mode requires parameters to be set. All test mode selection and parameter setting is done
using the Select/Scroll knob (see figure 1.2). This knob is both rotated and depressed during operation.
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NOTE: When setting the test speed, pressing the RESET button will toggle the increments from
0.1mm/s to 1mm/s.
The specific parameters required will depend upon the type of test chosen:
Normal Test Requires:
Hold Time Test Requires:
Cycle Count Test Requires:
Bloom Test Requires:
TPA Test Requires:
Tension Test Requires:
Surimi Test Requires:
Static Load Test Requires:
Global Parameters:
trigger, deformation, speed
h old time, trigger, deformation, speed
cycle count, trigger, deformation, speed
All parameters are fixed according to industry standard
trigger, deformation, speed
trigger, deformation, speed
trigger, correction, speed
none
pretest speed, post test speed, temperature units
These parameters, once set, will be maintained by the CT3 even after power down to facilitate
repetitive testing. The test mode used prior to powering down will be presented on the screen at
the next power up. A test is started by depressing the start button.
The test parameters are defined as follows:
Trigger:
The load, in grams, measured by the CT3 to indicate that the probe is in contact
with the sample. Once the trigger value is reached, the test will begin at the defined
speed. Brookfield recommends trigger values as specified in Table II.1 Setting
trigger value to zero disables trigger function so test will immediately start
from current position.
Deformation: The total downward distance the probe will travel once the trigger value is reached.
Speed:
The speed at which the probe will travel the specified distance.
Time:
The number of seconds that the probe will be held at the defined distance during
a Hold Time test.
Count:
The number of cycles (Speed and Distance) that will be applied to the sample
during a Cycle Count test.
Correction: Specifies the size of the load drop, in grams, that is required to recognize a gel
rupture.
All parameters can be set within the ranges shown in Table III.1.
Load Cell Range
Parameter
100g
Trigger*
0.1 – 10g
Deformation (mm) 0.1 – 101.6
Speed (mm/s)
0.01 – 10
Hold Time
0 – 9999 s
Cycle Count
0 – 99
Correction
5 – 99
1000g
1500g
4500g
10kg
25kg
50kg
0.1 – 100g
0.1 – 101.6
0.01 – 10
0 – 9999 s
0 – 99
5 – 99
0.2 – 150g
0.1 – 101.6
0.01 – 10
0 – 9999 s
0 – 99
5 – 99
0.5 – 500g
0.1 – 101.6
0.01 – 10
0 – 9999 s
0 – 99
5 – 99
1-1000g
0.1 – 101.6
0.01 – 10
0 – 9999 s
0 – 99
N/A
2-2500g
0.1 – 101.6
0.01 – 10
0 – 9999 s
0 – 99
N/A
5-5000g
0.1 – 101.6
0.01 – 10
0 – 9999 s
0 – 99
N/A
* Minimum recommended values for trigger are shown in Table II.1.
Table III.1
Define a test by first selecting a test mode. Rotate the Select/Scroll knob until the required test
mode is displayed, then press the Select/Scroll knob to confirm your choice. As the test modes are
displayed, the parameters specific to that mode will be shown with the previously selected parameters.
Once a test mode is selected, the cursor will move to the first parameter. You may either select that
parameter to enter new values by pressing the Select / Scroll knob or you may scroll to the next
parameter by rotating the Select / Scroll knob.
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Data entry is accomplished by setting each digit individually. For example: to set a value of 57.0 as
the target distance, rotate the Select / Scroll Knob until the “D” in “Distance” is blinking. Depress
the Select / Scroll knob to get to the tens digit, then rotate the knob to the value 5. Depress the
Select / Scroll knob again to get to the ones digit, then rotate the knob to the value 7. Depress the
Select / Scroll knob to get to the tenths digit, and depress it again to leave the value at 0.
A data entry of zero in all columns for any parameter will result in that parameter being reset to
the previous value. Pressing the Select / Scroll knob without first rotating it during the data entry
process will result in a zero being placed in that column. This can expedite the entry of Trigger
values since in most cases the first one or two columns will be zero (004.0 grams).
When the operator is actively editing TRIGGER, DEFORMATION, TIME or LOAD, pressing the
STOP button erases the digit over which the cursor is positioned to the left. The erased digit is
replaced with an underscore and normal data field editing resumes (i.e. rotary action of the know
changes the digit value; pressing SELECT accepts the data entry and advances the cursor to the
right). The STOP button performs no action when the cursor is positioned to the left most digit.
Edited values are not changed in memory until the last digit is entered. When not editing TRIGGER,
DEFORMATION, TIME or LOAD, the STOP button can toggle the speed selection increment
between 0.1 mm/sec and 1.0 mm/sec.
Display Conventions
The CT3 display contains four lines, but some result screens contain additional lines of information.
In order to show more than four lines of information, screens are allowed to scroll using the Scroll
knob. Scrollable screens are identified by the  symbols in the upper right corner of the display.
Whenever these symbols appear, the display can be scrolled up or down as indicated to show the
lines above or below those presently displayed. In the following section describing test modes, all
possible displays are shown. For those having more than four lines, the additional lines are shown
in grey text as seen in Figure III.3.
HARDNESS1: XXXX.X g
HARDNESS2: XXXX.X g
COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX
SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm
ADHESION:
XX.X mJ
TEMP:
XXX.X F
HARDNESS1: XXXX.X N
HARDNESS2: XXXX.X N
COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX
SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm
ADHESION:
XX.X mJ
TEMP:
XXX.X C
Force shown in grams Force shown in Newtons
Figure III.3
III.7 Running A Test
A test is initiated by depressing the start button. The operator is reminded to attach a probe, then
press start again to zero the weight of the probe and begin the test.
* ATTACH PROBE *
PRESS START
TO CONTINUE
Figure III.4
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Depressing the Select/Scroll knob at any time during the test, or even while test results are displayed,
will show the current test parameters. At the completion of the test, the final results will be displayed
until the start button or reset button is pressed. The reset button will return the instrument to the
default display where the test mode may be selected. The start button will begin the same test again.
A test may be repeated simply by depressing the start button while viewing test results.
The test may be stopped at any time by using the stop/reset button or by pressing the emergency
stop button. We recommend that the stop/reset button be used for normal operation. The emergency
top is intended for emergency use only.
It may happen that the instrument overloads during a test. This will happen if the load exceeds 120%
of the load cell capacity. When an overload condition occurs the display will show the following:
TEST TERMINATED
MAXIMUM LOAD REACHED
PRESS RESET FOR MENU
Figure III.5
Depressing the reset button will return to the test mode menu. Correct the reason for the overload
and retest.
NORMAL TEST – performs a single compression of the sample then immediately returns
to HOME starting position.
The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation (travel distance into the sample) and the test
speed using the Normal menu screen:
TEST:
NORMAL
TRIGGER:
XXX.X g
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
SPEED:
X.XX mm /s
Figure III.6
A normal test performs a single compression cycle when the operator depresses the start button.
Beginning at the position where the trigger load is measured, the probe descends at the programmed
test speed to the target deformation, then returns immediately to home/starting position. Return
travel speed is 4.5mm/s. During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:
TEST:
NORMAL
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
LOAD:
XXXX.X g
Figure III.7
Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test.
Test results are shown on the reporting screen:
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PEAK LOAD: XXXX.X g
DEF@PEAK:
XXX.X mm
WORK:
XXXX.X mJ
FINAL LOAD: XXXX.X g
TEMP:
XXX.X F
Figure III.8
Peak load is reported as the maximum measured load during the test.
Deformation at peak is the distance to which the sample was compressed when the peak load occurred.
Work is defined as the energy required to deform a sample. It is calculated by measuring the force
vs. distance to compress or pull apart the sample. Work done is reported in milli-Joules.
Final load is the load at maximum deformation. Often the peak load and final load will be the same
value.
A new feature is the display of adhesive force and adhesiveness in the NORMAL mode. The POST
SPEED of the probe will be the GLOBAL post speed value.
Adhesiveness and Adhesive Force - These values are measured as the energy and force required
to separate a probe from the sample on the return stroke.
NORMAL mode Final screen - After the probe has returned to the START position, the display
will show the test results for ADHESIVE FORCE and ADHESION (ADHESIVENESS). Since
only four lines are available on the display, rotate the Select Knob to scroll down to observe the
added parameters as shown in the following figure.
PEAK LOAD: 234.0 g
DEF@PEAK:
123.5 mm
WORK:
1.77 mJ
FINAL LOAD: 344.0 g
PEAK LOAD: 234.0
g

WORK:
1.77 mJ
FINAL LOAD: 344.0 g
ADH. FORCE: 99.0 g
PEAK LOAD: 234.0
g

FINAL LOAD: 344.0 g
ADH. FORCE: 99.0 g
ADHESION:
2.54 mJ
PEAK LOAD: 234.0 g
ADH. FORCE: 99.0 g
ADHESION:
2.54 mJ
TEMP:
100.3 C
Figure III.9
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HOLD TIME TEST - performs a single compression of the sample. The sample remains
compressed for programmed hold time before the probe returns to starting position.
The operator sets the hold time, trigger value, target deformation and test speed using the Hold
Time menu screen:
TEST:HOLD TIME: XXXX S
TRIGGER:
XXX.X g
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
SPEED:
XX.X mm/S
Figure III.10
A hold time test performs a single compression cycle when the operator depresses the start button.
The test runs at the programmed test speed to the target deformation, then holds at this position
while monitoring sample load for the programmed hold time. The countdown clock shows remaining
hold time. During the test, the running screen is seen as shown below:
TEST:HOLD TIME: XXXXS
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
LOAD:
XXXX.X g
Figure III.11
Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test. When the countdown clock
reaches zero, the probe returns to home/starting position at 4.5mm/s.
Test results are shown on the reporting screen:
HOLD TIME:
XXXX S
PEAK LOAD: XXXX.X g
DEF@PEAK: XXX.X mm
FINAL LOAD:XXXX.X g
TEMP:
XXX.X F
Figure III.12
Peak load usually occurs at the target deformation, but may occur before the target is reached.
Final load is the load recorded at the end of the hold time and is usually lower than the peak due
to sample relaxation.
CYCLE COUNT TEST – performs a programmed number of compression cycles upon a
sample.
The operator sets the number of cycles, trigger value, target deformation and test speed using the
Cycle Count menu screen:
TEST: CYCLE COUNT: XXXX
TRIGGER:
XXX.X g
DEFORMATION :XXX.X mm
SPEED: XX.X mm/s
Figure III.13
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When the operator depresses the start button, the cycle count test performs multiple compressions
on a sample at the programmed test speed to the target deformation, then returns immediately to
home/starting position. Return travel speed for each cycle is the same as compression speed.
During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:
TEST: CYCLE COUNT: XX
DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm
LOAD:
XXXX.X g
Figure III.14
Cycle count will show a count down of the number of cycles remaining. Deformation and Load
will remain live displays during the test.
Test results are shown on the reporting screen:
CYCLE:XX
PEAK MEAN:
PEAK STDEV:
PEAK LOAD:
FINAL LOAD:
TEMP:

XXXX.X
XXXX.X
XXXX.X
XXXX.X
XXX.X
g
g
g
g
F
Figure III.15
Mean and standard deviation of all peaks is reported.
Peak load is the highest peak and final load is the peak load of the last cycle.
Temp shows temperature at time of last cycle peak, only if probe is connected.
BLOOM TEST – performs a single compression cycle using industry established test parameters
and reports gelatin bloom strength.
Deformation and test speed are fixed in the Bloom Test specification.
TEST:
BLOOM
TRIGGER:
4.5 G
DEFORMATION: 4.0 mm
SPEED:
0.5 mm/s
Figure III.16
When the operator depresses the start button the Bloom test performs a single compression cycle
at 0.5mm/s to the target deformation of 4mm. During the test the running screen is seen as shown
below:
TEST:
BLOOM
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
LOAD:
XXXX.X g
Figure III.17
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Both Deformation and Load displays are live during the test. The probe then returns immediately
to home/starting position at 4.5mm/s.
Test results are shown on the reporting screen:
BLOOM LOAD: XXXX.X g
TEMP:
XXX.X F
Figure III.18
Bloom load in grams is generally reported as “grams bloom”.
NOTE: It is not recommended to conduct bloom testing with load cells greater than 1500g.
On instruments with load cells 10kg or higher, the bloom test will not appear on
the menu.
TPA TEST – performs two compression cycles on the sample and reports five established
Texture Profile Analysis results.
The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation (travel distance into the sample) and the test
speed using the TPA menu screen:
TEST:TPA
TRIGGER:
XXX.X g
DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm
SPEED:
XX.X mm/s
Figure III.19
The operator depresses the start button to begin the test. In a TPA test the compression and return
strokes of both cycles occur at the programmed test speed. Target deformation for both cycles begins
at the trigger position of the first cycle.
During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:
TEST: TPA CYCLES: 02
DEFORMATION: XXX.X mm
LOAD:
XXXX.X g
Figure III.20
TPA cycles will count down to show the number of cycles remaining. Deformation and Load will
remain live displays during the test.
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Test results are shown on the reporting screen:
HARDNESS1: XXXX.X g
HARDNESS2: XXXX.X g
COHESIVENESS: XXX.XX
SPRINGINESS: XX.X mm
ADHESION: XXXX.X mJ
TEMP:
XXX.X F
Figure III.21
Hardness1 is the peak load of the first compression cycle.
Hardness2 is the peak load of the second compression cycle.
Cohesiveness is the ratio of A2/A1. A2 is the area under the compression stoke of the second cycle
and A1 is the area under the compression stoke of the first cycle. If the structure of the sample is
completely destroyed on the first compression, this ratio is zero. If the sample is perfectly elastic and
not damaged at all by the first compression this ratio is 1.0 Most food products will fall somewhere
in between 0 and 1.
Springiness is a measure of how far the sample returns after being compressed to the target deformation.
Adhesiveness is a measure of stickiness and is calculated as the area under the negative peak as
probe withdraws after the first compression.
TENSION TEST – this test can be used to pull apart a sample, usually using grip fixtures to
apply tension load on the sample.
The operator sets the trigger value, target deformation and the test speed using the Tension menu
screen:
TEST:
TENSION
TRIGGER:
XXX.X g
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
SPEED:
XX.X mm/s
Figure III.22
After pressing Start the operator is presented with this reminder screen:
*ATTACH TENSION
FIXTURES
*PRESS START
TO CONTINUE
Figure III.23
Be sure grips or other sample fixtures are secure and aligned then press START. The Scroll/Select
knob now becomes a tool for adjusting the position of the grips so that the sample can be clamped.
Rotate knob to move 1mm/click or hold knob down to descend at 4.5mm/s:
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*ADJUST POSITION
USING SCROLL/SELECT
*PRESS START
DEFORMATION:XXX.X mm
Figure III.24
The deformation value shown in this screen is the current distance from the top Home position and
as such shows how much travel is possible once the test begins. Be sure this value is greater than
the sum of the distance necessary to reach the trigger plus the programmed target deformation.
When clamping the sample try to exert only minimal lateral loads on the probe shaft. Pressing Start
as shown below will start the test:
*CLAMP SAMPLE
*PRESS START
TO CONTINUE
Figure III.25
During the test the running screen is seen as shown below:
TEST:
TENSION
DEFORMATION:XXXX.X mm
LOAD:
XXXX.X g
Figure III.26
Deformation and Load will remain live displays during the test. When deformation reaches the
target value, the test stops.
Test results are shown on the reporting screen:
PEAK LOAD: XXX.X g
DEF@PEAK:
XXX.X mm
WORK:
XXXX.X mJ
FINAL LOAD: XXXX.X g
TEMP:
XXX.X F
Figure III.27
Peak load is the maximum load measured during the test. Temperature at peak load is only shown
if temperature probe is used.
Def@Peak is the sample deformation at the peak load. The trigger position is the zero deformation
reference point.
Work is the area under the load curve and is measured in milli joules.
Final load is the load at the target deformation.
NOTE: It is not possible to perform tension tests with the 100g load cell.
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TARGET HOLD-TO-LOAD – this test applies a constant force to the sample material for a
user-defined time interval.
The target hold setup screen allows the operator to assign four variables: Hold Time, Trigger Load, Target Load, and Run Speed.
The first line allows the operator to input a Hold Time. The time is entered as whole seconds; the
HOLD TIME field length is four digits long. Trigger force and Target Load entries conform to the
load cell type of the instrument as shown in Figure III.28:
4500 gram(44.127N)
500g trigger max(4.905N), 0.5 increments(0.005N)
4500g load max(44.2N), 1g increments(0.01N)
TEST:TRGT HLD: ____ s
TRIGGER:
_.___ g
TARGET LOAD: __.__ g
SPEED:
10.0 mm/s
TEST:TRGT HLD: ____ s
TRIGGER:
_.___ N
TARGET LOAD: __.__ N
SPEED:
10.0 mm/s
Figure III.28
Note that the information to the left of the screenshot details the instrument type, the maximum
allowable trigger value with its associated resolution, and the proposed target load maximums and
resolution. Also listed is the targeted hold accuracy of 0.5% full scale.
The target load value is in whole grams and corresponds to approximately 0.01 Newtons for most
load cells. However, the same resolution restrictions as used in Trigger Value entry will apply. For
example, with 50000g load cell, the least significant digit in Newton mode will be 0.05N.
Pressing the Select Knob, when the cursor is positioned over the HOLD (time) text, will start the
Hold Time data entry. The cursor will be repositioned over the left most digit of the time field, which
will be four digits wide. At this time, the entire field will be cleared so that all digits are displayed
as underscore lines. Rotating the Select Knob will scroll through digits 0 to 9; clockwise rotation
scrolls up, counter clockwise rotation scrolls down. Pressing the Select Knob locks in the digit and
advances the cursor to the right. Pressing the Select Knob over a cleared (underscore) displayed
digit will replace the underscore with “0”. Pressing the Select Knob over the last (right-most) digit
will lock in the value and advance the cursor to the TRIGGER data line.
Pressing the STOP button during data entry will clear the existing digit back to an underscore, and
reposition the cursor one digit to the left where possible. Multiple presses of the STOP button will
continue to move the cursor backwards, ending at the left most position.
Pressing the Select Knob when the cursor is positioned over the TRIGGER text will start the Trigger
Load data entry. This is accomplished in the same manner as described above. The width of the
trigger field will vary depending on the load cell type used. Exiting the Trigger Load data entry
will advance the cursor to the TARGET LOAD data line.
Pressing the Select Knob when the cursor is positioned over the TARGET LOAD text will start the
Target Load data entry. This will be accomplished in the same manner as described above. The
width of the target load field will vary depending on the load cell type used. Exiting the Target Load
data entry will advance the cursor to the SPEED data line. Attempting to enter a load that exceeds
the maximum allowable load as defined by the cell type will default to the maximum allowable load.
Pressing the Select Knob when the cursor is positioned over the SPEED text will start the SPEED
data entry. The cursor will reposition over the right-most digit of the speed data field. The speed
field will retain its previous value (unlike Hold Time, Trigger Load, and Target Load). Rotating the
Select Knob will increment or decrement the displayed value through all available speeds from 0.01
mm/sec to 10.0 mm/sec. Pressing the Select Knob will lock in the displayed speed and advance
the cursor to TEST.
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Pressing the START button will begin a test run. If the START button is pressed in the middle of
a data entry (before the final value has been locked in), the test run will start, but the value of the
aborted data entry field will revert to its previous setting. The first screen when starting a new
TARGET HOLD test reminds the operator to attach a probe.
Pressing the STOP button will go back to the previous Setup Screen with the cursor over the first
character of the test type. This indicates that the mode is no longer selected and rotating the Select
Knob will scroll through the other test modes. Any parameter entries that were completed will be
saved, even if the test is not run.
Pressing the START button will advance to the Pre-positioning screen, which allows the operator
to reposition the probe prior to beginning the test. The probe can be moved downwards or upwards
by rotating the Select Knob. Pressing the Select Knob causes the probe to continuously descend.
The display shows the position of the probe as a deviation from the HOME (0.0 mm) position.
Pressing the STOP button will go back to the previous Setup Screen with the cursor over the first
character of the test type. This indicates that the mode is no longer selected and rotating the Select
Knob will scroll through the other test modes. The probe will retract to the HOME position.
Pressing the START button will advance the AUTOZEROING screen. Once the standard
AUTOZEROING function is performed, the CT3 automatically advances to running the test.
Pressing the Stop during AUTOZERO will revert to the Setup Screen and retract the probe to the
HOME position.
The following sequence of display screens summarizes the Target Hold setup procedure:
TEST:TRGT HLD: 210.0 s
TRIGGER:
10.0 g
TRGT LOAD:
500 g
SPEED:
0.5 mm/s
TEST:TRGT HLD: 210.0 s
TRIGGER:
0.098 N
TRGT LOAD:
4.9 N
SPEED:
0.5 mm/s
SETUP
SCREENS
* ATTACH PROBE *
PRESS START
TO CONTINUE
* ADJUST POSITION
USING SCROLL SELECT
* PRESS START
DISTANCE
123.5 mm
PRE-POSITIONING
AUTOZEROING
Figure III.29
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The CT3 displays the following information while the Target Hold test is being run.: TIME AT
TARGET, DEFORMATION, and the current measured LOAD. The sequence of events, and the
corresponding display fields, is as follows.
The display begins with the TIME at 0 while the probe descends at the selected PRE-SPEED (assigned
by the user in the GLOBAL PARAMETERS screen described elsewhere). Pressing and holding
the START button prior to reaching the TRIGGER load will override the PRE-SPEED setting for
the probe with a default speed of 4.5 mm/sec (known as jogging). The DISTANCE remains at 0.0
until the TRIGGER load value is reached when the probe makes contact with the sample. The
LOAD field then starts to display the actual force measured by the CT3.
TEST: TRGT HLD
TIME:
DISTANCE:
LOAD:
210 s
0.0 mm
0.0 g
TEST: TRGT HLD
TIME:
210 s
DISTANCE:
0.0 mm
LOAD:
0.00 N
Figure III.30
When the measured LOAD reaches the assigned TRIGGER value, the probe speed is changed to
the assigned SPEED from the Target Hold setup screen. As the probe approaches the target load
at the pre-assigned speed, there will be a fixed deceleration algorithm that reduces the speed of the
probe until it reaches the target load, based on a percentage of the load cell full scale. Therefore,
the pre-assigned probe speed only represents the maximum allowable speed. For example, if the
applied load, when the TRIGGER point is reached, is sufficiently close to the target hold load, then
the probe will run at a speed slower than what was entered in the setup screen.
When the measure LOAD equals the TARGET LOAD assigned in the setup screen (the CT3 must
detect two readings at the target load for valid detection), the CT3 begins the HOLD portion of
the test. At this time, the DISTANCE value is saved, and the TIME field is replaced with the hold
time value which starts the count down to zero. The CT3 repositions the probe, as necessary, to
maintain the measured LOAD within 0.5% of the full scale load cell capacity. The LOAD and
DISTANCE fields remain active.
When the TIME field counts to zero, the test is stopped. The probe is retracted to the pre-positioned
start position using the post test speed. The display TIME remains at zero. DISTANCE and LOAD
fields remain active. The CT3 continues to internally record LOAD measurements and logs negative
values of LOAD as the probe moves upward. When the probe reaches the start position, the display
advances to the FINAL screen.
During the running of the test, pressing and holding the Select Knob causes the display to revert to
the setup screen, but the actual test will continue to run uninterrupted. Releasing the Select Knob
returns the display to the RUN screen. Activating the EMERGENCY STOP knob will terminate
the test and return the probe to the HOME position. Pressing the STOP button will also abort the
test, retract the probe to the HOME position, and return the display to the TARGET HOLD SETUP
screen.
After the probe has been returned to the start position, the display will show the test results:
DISTANCE AT START of hold period, DISTANCE AT END of hold period, DEFORMATION,
ADHESIVE FORCE, ADHESION, and TEMPERATURE. Since only four lines are available on
the display, rotating the Select Knob will scroll down for the added parameters. Figure III.31 shows
examples of a hypothetical test.
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DIST@START: 23.4 mm

DIST@END:
30.1 mm
DEFORMATION: 6.7 mm
ADH. FORCE: 33.5 g
DIST@END:
30.1 mm

DEFORMATION: 6.7 mm
ADH. FORCE: 33.5 g
ADHESION:
5.34 mJ
DEFORMATION: 6.7 mm
ADH. FORCE: 33.5 g
ADHESION:
5.34 mJ
TEMP:
100.6 C
FINAL SCREEN
SCROLLED DOWN
FINAL SCREEN
SCROLLED DOWN
FINAL SCREEN
SCROLLED DOWN
Figure III.31
DEFORMATION is the difference in distance between DIST@START and the DIST@END.
ADHESION (ADHESIVENESS) is the area under the force vs. distance curve for ALL negative
values of load detected at the end of the test as the probe returns to the HOME position. (The current
standalone TPA test has a calculated final screen value called ADHESION, reported in mJoules. The
Target Hold calculation is performed in the same way.) ADHESIVE FORCE is the peak negative
value. This will be reported as a positive value, rather than a negative value.
Pressing and holding the Select Knob while displaying the FINAL screen will show the SETUP
screen for reference. Releasing the Select Knob will revert back to the FINAL screen.
Re-starting the test can be performed in two ways.
1) Quick Start. When the FINAL test screen is displayed, the operator can do a quick restart of
the test by pressing the START button. The CT3 will begin the AUTOZEROING
process and execute the same test again.
2) Full Start. When the FINAL test screen is displayed, the operator can do a full restart of
the test. Pressing the STOP button at this time will display the SETUP screen.
The various setup parameters can then be modified as needed before pressing
the START button to begin the full test.
The following test is not included in the CT3 unless requested by the customer at the time when
the instrument is first ordered. It replaces the TARGET HOLD test.
SURIMI TEST - performs a single compression of a surimi sample until the gel ruptures.
The test result will be the distance the sample deformed before it ruptured and the peak load
just prior to the rupture. As soon as the rupture occurs the probe retracts to the HOME
starting position.
NOTE:This test is only available in CT3 instruments with load cells up to 4500g and firmware
version 2.0 or higher.
The operator may set the trigger value, correction value and test speed.
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TEST:
SURIMI
TRIGGER: 5.0
CORRECTION:30
SPEED:
1.0
Figure III.32
g
g
cm/s
The trigger value is a small load, in grams, measured by the CT3 that indicates the probe is in contact
with the sample. Once the probe contacts the sample the test will begin at the defined speed. The
range of acceptable trigger values depends upon the load cell in use and is shown in Table III.1.
In general, the trigger value should be large enough to prevent a false trigger from starting the test
before the probe comes in contact with the sample. A false trigger is usually the result of excessive
vibrations passing through the lab bench. A 5g trigger is typical.
When the surimi sample ruptures, the load measured by the CT3 will drop. The Correction value
specifies the size of the load drop, in grams, that is required to recognize a gel rupture. The correction
value may be set from 5g to 99g. The two most common correction values used are 30g or 50g.
The default setting is 30g and should be good for most surimi applications.
The test speed for all surimi testing has historically been 1 cm/s, so this is the default value. The
test speed can be set from 0.1 mm/s to 10 mm/s, which is equivalent to 1 cm/s.
Changing the test speed is likely to change the gel result.
During the test, the display will show live deformation and load.
TEST:
SURIMI
DEFORMATION: XX.XX cm
LOAD:
XXXX.X g
Figure III.33
As soon as the surimi gel ruptures, the result screen will appear.
PEAK LOAD:465.0 g
DEF@PEAK: 0.81 cm
GEL:
376.65 g *cm
TEMP:
19.8 C
Figure III.34
The GEL result is the multiplication of Peak Load times Def@Peak in units of g-cm.
If a temperature probe is used with the CT3, the temperature at the time of the test is also shown.
The TEMP line will not be seen in the display if a temperature probe is not used. DO NOT insert
the temperature probe into the surimi sample being tested.
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III.8 Global Parameters
The CT3 has a GLOBAL PARAMS screen which allows the pre-setting of: PRE SPEED, POST
SPEED, TEMP. C/F (temperature in C or F), and load measurement unit in “g” (grams) or “N”
(newtons). After Autozero during startup, rotate the Select Knob to reach the GLOBAL PARAMS
screen, then press the Select Knob to access the data entry function.
There are some parameters that affect every test screen. The speed of the probe prior to triggering
is the pretest speed, which is called Pre-Speed on the display screen. This may be set over the
range of 0.1mm/s to 2.0mm/s.
ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS
PRE SPEED:
0.5MM/S
POST SPEED:
10.0MM/S
TEMP. C/F:
19.0C
Figure III.35
The return speed after the target is reached is the post test speed which is called Post Speed on this
screen. It may be set from 0.1mm/s to 10.0mm/s. For some tests, Such as TPA, the post test speed
is irrelevant because it will always be the same as the test speed. The two tests for which this is
the case are TPA and the Cycle test.
Rotate the Select Knob to LOAD UNITS. When the cursor is over the “L” in LOAD, pressing
the Select Knob will reposition the cursor to the “g” or “N” at the far right of the field. Rotating
the knob will alternate between the “g” and “N” (grams and Newtons). Temperature units may be set to either degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. Once set on the Global Params
screen these parameters will remain in effect until changed again on this screen.
If a temperature probe is not mounted on power up, then access to temperature unit selection is
disabled. Live temperature, however, can still be displayed by plugging in the temperature probe
at any time.
ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS 
PRE-SPEED: ___ mm/s
POST SPEED: ___ mm/s
LOAD UNITS: g
ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS 
PRE-SPEED: ___ mm/s
POST SPEED: ___ mm/s
LOAD UNITS: N
ENTER GLOBAL PARAMS 
POST SPEED: ___ mm/s
LOAD UNITS: N
TEMP: 10___ C
Figure III.36
This selection table is global in nature and applies to all tests with the following exception. Newtons
are not available as a selection in the BLOOM mode.
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III.9 Probe Pre-positioning
This section describes how to pre-position the probe prior to all standalone tests.
III.9.1 NORMAL mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. The probe can be moved
downwards or upwards by rotating the Select Knob. Pressing the Select Knob causes the probe to
continuously descend. The display shows theposition of the probe as a deviation from the HOME
(0.0 mm) position.
The pre-position of the probe will be considered the START position and will now be assigned as
distance 0.0 mm. The displayed distance value will remain at 0.0 mm until the instrument senses
a valid TRIGGER force after the test starts. All distance and deformation measurements will then
be referenced to the TRIGGER point.
At the end of a NORMAL test, the probe will return to the START position rather than the HOME
position. The probe will return to the HOME position only if a full restart of the NORMAL test
is done. The following diagram shows, from left to right, The HOME position corresponding to
the probe at power up, the START position which is determined by the pre-position operation,
the TRIGGER position where the sensed load equals the trigger value, and the DEFORMATION
position which generally corresponds to the completion of a compression type test. In the case of
the TARGET HOLD mode, the DEFORMATION value is the downward distance that the probe
has moved relative to its position upon reaching the TRIGGER point. This DEFORMATION value
will vary as the sample material relaxes under a constant load. DEFORMATION, in that case, will
be reported as the change in distance while at constant load.
Figure III.37
NORMAL mode Quick re-start
After a NORMAL test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at the
AUTZERO screen and function. The test will proceed from the pre-positioned START.
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NORMAL mode Full re-start
After a NORMAL test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP
button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the NORMAL setup
mode. The probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified
and pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.
III.9.2 HOLD TIME mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe from
the HOME position to the desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be
set to 0.0 mm. All deformation measurements will then be referenced to the position at which the
probe makes contact with the sample and reaches the trigger point.
At the end of a HOLD TIME test, the probe will return to the START position rather than the
HOME position. The probe will return tho the HOME position only if a full restart of the HOLD
TIME test is done.
HOLD TIME mode Quick re-start
After a HOLD TIME test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at
the AUTZERO screen.
HOLD TIME Full re-start
After a HOLD TIME test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the
STOP button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the HOLD
TIME setup mode. The probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can
be modified. Pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.
III.9.3 CYCLE COUNT mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe to the
desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be set to 0.0 mm. All deformation
measurements will then be referenced to the trigger point after the probe makes contact with the
sample.
When the probe is retracted upwards between cycles, it will stop at the START position before
descending for the next cycle. At the end of a CYCLE COUNT test, the probe will return to the
START position. The probe will return to the HOME position only if a full restart of the CYCLE
COUNT test is done.
CYCLE COUNT mode Quick re-start
After a CYCLE COUNT test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting
at the AUTZERO screen.
CYCLE COUNT Full re-start
After a CYCLE COUNT test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the
STOP button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the CYCLE
COUNT setup mode. The probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters
can be modified. Pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.
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III.9.4 BLOOM mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe to the
desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be set to 0.0 mm. All deformation
measurements will then be referenced to the position when the probe makes contact with the sample
and the trigger point is reached.
At the end of a BLOOM test, the probe will return to the START position. The probe will return
to the HOME position only if the full restart of the BLOOM test is done.
BLOOM mode Quick re-start
After a BLOOM test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at the
AUTZERO screen.
BLOOM Full re-start
After a BLOOM test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP
button at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the BLOOM setup
mode. The probe returns to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified. Pressing START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.
III.9.5 TPA mode pre-positioning
The pre-positioning screen is displayed after the ATTACH PROBE screen. Move the probe to the
desired START position. The displayed value for deformation will be set to 0.0 mm. All deformation
measurements will then be referenced to the position when the probe makes contact with the sample
and the trigger point is reached.
The probe will retract to the START position between cycles. At the end of a TPA test, the probe
will return to the START position. The probe will return to the HOME position only if a full restart
of the TPA test is done.
TPA mode Quick re-start
After a TPA test is complete, pressing the START button will re-run the test starting at the AUTOZERO
screen.
TPA Full re-start
After a TPA test is complete, the operator can do a full restart of the test. Pressing the STOP button
at this time will display the setup screen. This places the CT3 back at the TPA setup mode. The
probe will return to the HOME position. The various setup parameters can be modified. Pressing
START will begin the full test run complete with pre-positioning.
III.9.6 TENSION mode pre-positioning
The TENSION mode already incorporates pre-positioning in the manner described for the other
modes above. It has other screens, however, that address clamp and probe operations.
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III.10 Texture Loader Software (See Appendix C for details)
Texture Loader software was supplied with your CT3 on the bundled software CD. After installing
this software into a computer you can add up to 10 additional test programs to the CT3 menu based
upon any one of the test methods described above. For example, suppose you routinely test rye
bread using a TPA test with a trigger value of 5g, deformation of 18mm and a test speed of 3mm/s.
You can create a test called RYE with these test parameters. After downloading this test to the
CT3, you will see the RYE test appear in the display as you scroll through the test methods. The
Texture Loader program is supplied as a convenience for our customers who routinely run tests
with established parameters.
III.11 Checking Calibration
The load calibration of the CT3 Texture Analyzer can be verified using the Static Load mode. We
recommend that you use the Brookfield weight set appropriate for your CT3 load range:
BEL Part No.
Load Range
•TA-CW-100C 100 gram
•TA-CW-1000C
1000 gram
•TA-CW-1500C 1500 gram
•TA-CW-4500C
4500 gram
•TA-CW-10KGC
10kg
•TA-CW-2550KGC 25kg and 50kg
The frequency of the calibration verification should be set in accordance to your company procedures.
1. Start the calibration verification process using the select/scroll knob to set the test mode to Static
Load and press the start button. The display will request that you attach the hanger mount to
the probe shaft.
Note: TA-CW-100C does not include a hanger mount or hanger. A black, TA5 probe is included
and is used as the hanger. Each of the three weights are stacked on top of the probe
during step 4.
TEST: STATIC LOAD
*ATTACH HANGER MOUNT
*PRESS START
TO CONTINUE
III.38
2. The weight of the hanger mount itself will be zeroed by pressing the start button.
TEST: STATIC LOAD
*PRESS START TO ZERO
LOAD
XXXX.X
g
III.39
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The display will change to show static load active parameters once the autozero process is complete.
TEST:
STATIC LOAD
ADD HANGER AND MASS
LOAD
XXXX.X g
III.40
The Hanger is the first weight to be fixed to the
Hanger Mount.
Hanger Mount
NOTE: The Hanger is part of the calibrated
weight set, and it has a calibrated
weight value. This weight must be
included as part of the total weight
applied to the load cell.
Attach the desired weight to the Hanger and
record the load value from the display. Multiple
weights may be attached to the Hanger to achieve
a range of test points.
Primary hanger to
which additional
mass is added
Figure III.41
Do not apply excessive upward, downward or sideways force to the Hanger Mount or
Hanger while adding or removing weight. This may damage the sensing mechanism of
the CT3.
As successive weights are added, the CT3 will show the total weight, which should be within the
specified instrument tolerance shown in Table III.2. The accuracy of the CT3 is defined by the
rating of the load cell as detailed in Table III.2. If the CT3 Texture Analyzer produces data outside
of the acceptable range, contact Brookfield or our authorized representative for information on
repair/calibration services (see Appendix D for Brookfield locations).
Load Range
Load Accuracy
Model Grams
CT3-100g
0 – 100g
0.5
CT3-1000g
0 – 1,000g
5.0
CT3-1500g
0 – 1,500g
7.5
CT3-4500g
0 – 4,500g
22.5
CT310kg0-10kg
50
CT325kg0-25kg
125g
CT350kg0-50kg
250g
Table III.2
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Example of Calibration Verification
A 4500 gram CT3 Texture Analyzer, according to Table III.2, has an accuracy of ±22.5 grams. The
spreadsheet shown below can be used to easily evaluate a calibration check using the appropriate
Brookfield calibration weight set.
CT3 TEXTURE ANALYZER
Calibration Spreadsheet
serial # 6514047



Load Cell Capacity 4500
#
1
2
3
4
5 Load Cell Accuracy
Mass 999.84 994.04993.96994.05497.12
22.5g
Serial #
59
87
92
106
153
Low Limit
High Limit
Weight
Reading Difference
1 999.84
977.34 999.51022.34 -0.3
1 & 2
1993.88
1971.38 1993.52016.38 -0.4
1, 2 & 3 2987.84
2965.34 2987.53010.34 -0.3
1, 2, 3 & 4 3981.89
3959.39 3981.54004.39 -0.4
1 - 5
4479.00
4456.51 4479.54501.51 0.5


I NSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
The CT3 Calibration template can be downloaded from our website,
www.brookfieldengineering.com/products/texture-analysis/cts.asp
Enter the serial number of your CT3.
Enter the load cell in your CT3. The load cell accuracy is automatically calculated from this
value.
Enter the mass and serial numbers of the weights in the same order that you add them to the
hanger.
Enter the load value shown in the CT3 display as each weight is added.
Calibration is satisfactory if all values in the “Difference” column are smaller than the “Load
Cell Accuracy” value.
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IV.
TEST METHOD DEVELOPMENT
The measurement results provided by the CT3 Texture Analyzer will be dependent on several factors
relating to the sample, the test probe, and the test parameters. A variation on any of these elements
may result in a change in measurement results. For good test repeatability, it is suggested that a
clear and complete test method be developed. The following sections describe these elements.
Brookfield suggests that your method development include some trial and error testing to determine
the best test method for your sample material. Brookfield offers a texture day training course for
anyone wishing assistance with texture analysis methods.
IV.1 Sample Preparation
The measurement of texture using the CT3 Texture Analyzer requires contact between the test
probe and the sample. The shape and surface of the sample may affect the measurement results.
Consider for example an orange: the test of a peeled orange will likely give a different result from
the test of a single wedge from the same fruit. This is likely the same for any bulk material when
compared to a neatly prepared cube of material. Consideration should be given to the preparation
of the sample to facilitate repeatability of the test. For example a material that has a flat surface
offers a consistent interface with the probe even if the material is not centered in the test fixture. If your test sample is uneven, part of the test method could be to cut / shape / modify the sample
such that the sample is flat; consider, for example, the difference between a loaf of bread versus a
slice of bread.
IV.2 Test Probe / Fixture
The CT3 Texture Analyzer may be used with a wide variety of probes and fixtures. Brookfield offers
a set of standard items while also providing special design services. Each type of probe offers benefits
for certain sample types. The following table provides some basic guidelines. Although this table
represents our general experience, it is important to note that there are few established standard
tests for physical measurements of texture. The main objective is to characterize your material in
a way that best represents its perception by human senses. This is the essence of texture analysis.
Probe Type
Typical Application
Cylinder
well defined samples with uniform surfaces,
general purpose, TPA (texture profile analysis)
Sphere
samples with small scale variations on surface,
general purpose
Cone
samples with rigid outer layer. Also used for
penetrometry and spreadability
Wire
used for cutting or slicing samples such as cheese
Magness Taylor
used for puncturing, often used for determining
ripeness of fruit/vegetables
Extrusion Cell
samples that can be made to flow, general purpose
Shear blades
meat tenderness
Table IV.1
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Within a probe category, variations of geometry can be significant. It may require a larger force to
drive a cone of shallow angle as compared to a cone of steep angle. Similarly, a cylinder of large
diameter may require a larger force than a cylinder of small diameter. The selection of the probe
(type and size) will affect the test result.
Keep hands, fingers and other body parts clear of moving test probes when operating
instrument.
IV.3 Test Parameters
The CT3 Texture Analyzer will require the setting of several parameters depending upon the test
method selected (see Table III.1). In general, the following relationships will hold true for Speed
and Distance.
1) The measured load tends to increase as the test speed increases.
2) The measured load tends to increase as the compression distance increases. An exception
to this could be a material with an outer layer such as an apple, or one that fractures.
The Trigger Point establishes the minimum load required to begin the test. This is how the CT3
knows when the probe is touching the sample. This parameter should be set to a low value for a
material with a very delicate outer layer. Trigger value depends upon you load cell. Minimum
recommendations are shown in Table II.2.
The Hold Time allows for monitoring the response of a material as it is held compressed. Normally,
an increase in the Hold Time will result in a lower measured value, as the sample relaxes.
The Cycle Count provides a way of working a sample by compressing it repeatedly and monitoring
its response.
IV.4 Recommendations
The test results of a texture measurement are very dependent on both sample preparation and the
test method. When developing a method, Brookfield recommends that each parameter be varied
in turn to determine its effect on the results. (Note: vary only one parameter at a time.) Once
this information is considered and a method is established, the method should be documented in
significant detail. This will ensure good repeatability of results and good comparison with others
who attempt to duplicate your method.
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V.APPLICATIONS
This applications section should be used as a guide to the development of techniques specific to
your own application and requirements. These notes are empirical in nature. Deviation from the
described test configurations (parameter settings, sample size, shape, formulation, etc.) will result
in deviations from the observations discussed in each application.
V.1 Comparison of Low Fat and Virtually Fat Free Yogurt Consistencies
PRODUCT:
Low-fat (1%) and virtually fat-free (0.05%) natural yogurt
OBJECTIVE:
Comparison of textural properties in order to identify differences between
protein networks formed as an indication of product creaminess.
BACKGROUND:
The textural properties of yogurts are critical in determining consumer
preference where variation in fat content of formulation has a direct influence
on the sensory characteristics of the product. The elevated Solids Not Fat (SNF)
content of low-fat yogurts forms strong casein-casein bonds uncharacteristic
in a full-fat yogurt, where homogenized fat globules are partly covered
with casein, facilitating protein-protein interactions. Fat becomes trapped
within this protein network where it imparts a smooth creamy mouthfeel and
spoonable glossy consistency characteristic of full-fat yogurts.
Back Extrusion is an ideal method for the assessment of yogurts and other
gelled, semi-solid foods. This compression extrusion test consists of applying
a force to the product until it flows through the space between the probe
perimeter and the container. A wide range of complex forces are generated.
However, the test gives good measures of peak force and area of work during
compression indicative of the strength of the gel and product consistency.
These forces may also be recorded in reverse on the negative portion of the
force-time curve where they are indicative of sample viscosity.
CT3 SETTINGS:
MODE:
TRIGGER:
DISTANCE:
SPEED:
PROBE REF:
TA4 38.1mm Ø Perspex Cylinder, or larger if your container allows.
METHOD:
Samples were removed from refrigerated conditions of 5°C and centrally
positioned beneath the probe within the container in which they were packed.
Tests were conducted at ambient conditions of 18.2°C while the test temperature
of the low-fat yogurt was 8.7°C and the virtually fat- free was 7.9°C. It was
essential that a sufficient distance (circa 20mm) was left between the sample
surface and the base of the probe. This was left to ensure that a complete
break between probe/sample interface was made during probe retraction so
that adhesiveness characteristics could be evaluated.
Normal
see table II.2
30mm, or appropriate for your container
1mm/s
NOTE: Samples were tested with original containers as supplied. Use of different dimension holding
vessels will change results obtained, therefore, operators must be consistent with the test setup used.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 39 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
READING:
F
Peak Positive Force
HARDNESS
Fat Free
Low Fat
Modulus
Gradient
(from initial
curve only)
Total Negative Area
Adhesiveness
(Indication of Viscosity)
Total Positive Area
Consistency
t
Peak Negative Force
ADHESIVE FORCE
DISCUSSION:
Once the trigger is attained, the force continues to increase until a surface
fracture occurs. The modulus changes at this point to a less steep gradient,
and the force nearly reaches a plateau.
The low-fat sample appears much softer than the fat-free, having increased
flow over the plunger with a visually less grainy and more glossy fluid
appearance. The softer set is characterized by the lower forces and areas
of work measured, as well as the shallower slope. The softer set is also
characterized by the failure to form sample fracture and the absence of peaks
within the curve.
The fat-free sample has a much steeper initial gradient and subsequently higher
values for all measured parameters. Its grainy set structure is characterized
by the large number of peaks attained within the curve, while the increased
viscosity or spoonability is shown within the negative portion of the curve.
PARAMETER COLLECTION:
Peak force and work (area under load curve) will show on CT3 display when
used as stand alone. With an attached computer and TexturePro CT software
modulus and many other parameters are available.
PARAMETERS:
HARDNESS
Force necessary to attain a given deformation
WORK
(Total Positive Area)
Internal strength of bonds within a product
ADHESIVENESS
(Total Negative Area)
Work necessary to overcome attractive forces
between surface of the food and the materials
with which it comes into contact.
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Page 40 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
ADHESIVE FORCE
Force required to “pull” probe from sample
(suction).
MODULUS
Ratio of stress divided by strain during the
first compression cycle (e.g., the slope of the
force:deformation curve). It is representative of
sample rigidity.
RESULTS:
HARDNESS (g)
WORK (mJ)
ADHESION (mJ)
ADHESIVE FORCE (g)
Creaminess of samples was evaluated as a comparison between low-fat and
fat-free samples. This is a comparative measure between two samples, but
does give good indication of the effect of formulation on the protein:protein
network and resulting gel set. Such a test would be excellent both within the
Quality and Development environments, where product matching as well as
process control could be facilitated.
CONCLUSIONS:
LOW-FAT
122
1592.7
-246.4
-58
FAT-FREE
227
3199.9
-522.6
-112
The modulus values are also considerably different where the higher values
for the fat-free fat product denote the firmer, more bound consistency of the
product.
Test conditions which will affect results generated:
1. Sample size
2. Sample age
3. Sample temperature
4. Base and edge effects
5. Sample container and/or test probe employed
Sample conditions which will effect results generated:
1. Fat content
2. Protein content
3.pH
4. Set/Stirred product
5. Syneresis and surface characteristics
6. Presence of inclusions e.g. fruit
7. Temperature and uniformity
EMPIRICAL
FACTORS:
RELATED TESTS:
45° cone penetrometer test utilizing hold until time function to determine
relaxation.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 41 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES:
Anon. 1988. Facts About Yogurt. National Dairy Council, London.
Anon. 1996. Yogurt: A Technical Profile. National Dairy Council, Education Department.
Bylund, G. 1995. Diary Processing Handbook. Tetra Pak Processing Systems AB, Sweden.
Prentice, J. 1992. Dairy Rheology A Concise Guide. VCH Publishers, USA.
Tamime, A. and Robinson R. 1985. Yogurt Science and Technology. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford.
Varnam. A. and Sutherland, J. 1994. Milk and Milk Products - Technology, Chemistry and Microbioogy. Chapman and Hall,
Great Britain.
V.2 A Comparison of the Textural Characterstics of Biscuits (Cookies)
PRODUCT:Biscuits
OBJECTIVE:
To compare the textural characteristics of the two different types of biscuit
while utilizing parameters generated using penetration test.
BACKGROUND:
The textural characteristics of hygroscopic foods (those which take up water
from the atmosphere) such as biscuits is of critical importance in the assessment
of their quality. The hardness of a sample is indicative of its freshness, while
the crispiness parameter evaluated within this investigation, characterizes its
inner crumb structure and bake characteristics.
The test may be employed as part of any quality control procedure, whether that
is to evaluate staling of product life, bake characteristics through quantification
of hardness at different points within the biscuits circumference or any other
application specific to your organization.
CT3 SETTINGS:
PROBE REF:
MODE:
TRIGGER:
DISTANCE:
SPEED:
Biscuits approximately 6 mm thick were located beneath the probe and clamped
to the analyzer bed using low pressure clips. The probe then penetrated sample
to target distance and the profile of characteristics was recorded through the
interface package.
METHOD:
Normal
See table II.1
3mm
0.5mm/s
2 mm stainless steel cylinder probe (REF: TA39)
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Page 42 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
READING:
F
X
Quantity of Fractures
Y
Hardness
(H1)
Calculate mean of all values
(HAV)
Fracture Point
Final
Distance
H1/HAV = Indication of Crispiness
(Crispiness becomes a function of hardness)
Relate the mean value of peaks obtained to the original hardness
value. Empirically our investigations highlighted that higher
values of the ratio were indicative of increased crispiness.
DISCUSSION:
PARAMETER
COLLECTION:
As the probe travels through the sample an initial fracture of the surface is
recorded. This fracture is greater in relation to other peaks within the chocolate
coated sample due to surface characteristics. A range of internal fractures
are then recorded as the probe progresses to the target deformation of 3 mm.
The level of peaks within the sample are indicative of crispiness e.g. harder
samples showed greater fracture force and were thus considered as being
more crispy. The overall force:deformation curve highlights various peaks
and troughs as the aerated structure of the sample is penetrated, peaks may
be caused through the presence of sugar crystals or where the probe makes
contact with air pockets within the dough structure. The overall positive
area of the curve is indicative of sample hardness (as is peak force) and may
be taken as a direct indication of bake conditions imposed e.g. hotter oven
or longer residence time produces a harder biscuit within a sample batch.
As two different varieties of biscuit were evaluated, the overall hardness
characteristics were considered to be the result of variations in formulation,
composition and process conditions imposed. Please note that if inclusions
such as chocolate chips or oats are in the biscuit, they will contribute directly
to result fluctuations.
Use with TexturePro CT software is necessary to obtain fracture
calculations.
HARDNESS
Load detected at highest peak during compression
WORK
Integrated area under the compression cycle. Total
energy required to penetrate the sample
QUANTITY AND NUMBER OF FRACTURES
Internal ruptures and fracture of sample as structure is broken. Indicative of sample brittleness and internal bond strength.
PARAMETERS:
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Page 43 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
CONCLUSIONS:
Crispiness is an extremely complex parameter to quantify being a function
of many artifact attributes. This investigation has excluded the inclusion of
number of peaks in order to simplify the equation employed, however, it should
be noted that the number of internal factors is an important consideration
when evaluating the force:deformation profiles formed. More comprehensive
equations should include the calculation of peaks per mm penetration as well
as the internal strength or bake characteristics of the product.
EMPIRICAL
FACTORS:
Results will be affected by a large number of factors including:
1. Biscuit composition
2. Sample age
3. Atmospheric exposure
4. Positioning beneath probe (closeness to sample edges)
5. Surface characteristics
V.3 Review of Solid Chocolate at Ambient Temperature
PRODUCT:
Milk Chocolate (single chunk 27.25mm x 7.92mm)
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the optimum penetration distance to detect hardness of solid
chocolate tablet through the employment of penetration forces.
BACKGROUND:
The CT3 is restricted to maximum force generation in the region of 1kg thus
the relatively solid consistency of chocolate determined that a very small Ø
probe was utilized at minimal test speed. This permitted a flow of molecules
within the sample and minimized the forces generated while maximizing the
force:deformation profile of the product.
LFRA SETTINGS:
PROBE REF:
METHOD:
MODE:
TRIGGER:
SPEED:
DISTANCE:
NORMAL
See table II.1
0.1 mm/s
2, 4, or 6 mm
Stainless steel needle probe, 10° Taper (Ref: TA9)
Confectionery holding rig TA-CJ
Samples were removed from wrappers and broken into individual chunks.
The individual chocolate piece was then held within jaws of confectionery
holder clamped to adjustable bed of CT3 approximately 2mm below surface
probe.
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Page 44 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
READING:
F
HARDNESS
Peak +ve Force
CONSISTENCY
Total +ve Area
2mm
ADHESION
Total -ve Area
D
4mm
ADHESION FORCE
Peak -ve Force
Note: Graph shows continuation of penetration at 2mm, 4mm
and 6mm parameter values recorded at set points for
each penetration depth.
DISCUSSION:
Force: deformation curves generated indicate a linear relationship between
forces generated and depth of penetration. It was therefore recommended
that the 4mm mid penetration value is utilized to permit evaluation of a range
of chocolate types thus enabling comparison of a range of results.
PARAMETER
COLLECTION
All parameters are automatically calculated within the a test report once
they are selected on the test results tab. Thus calculate parameters for each
curve individually and record results.
PARAMETERS:
HARDNESS
WORK
ADHESIVENESS
ADHESION
RESULTS:
Force necessary to attain a given deformation
Internal strength of bonds within a product
Work necessary to overcome attractive forces
between surface of the food and materials as the
probe retracts.
Maximum negative load (stickiness)
PARAMETERUNIT
2mm 4mm
HARDNESS
WORK
ADHESIVENESS
ADHESION
NOTE: Adhesion forces give greatest differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS:
6mm
(g)
334
722
1159
J
(m ) 3192.31278.623878.9
(mJ)-0.4-4.1 -180
(g)
-18
-60
-15.1
This empirical procedure generates key information related to chocolate
hardness and consistency, while additional information relating to adhesion
is also acquired. Adhesion forces were not considered paramount to the
investigation due to difficulties in imitating oral mastication properties. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 45 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
A penetration depth of 4mm (approx. 50% deformation or strain) was
considered optimum in generating key profile data and is recommended for
future investigation using the 1500g CT3 where prevention of upload forces
is critical.
Test conditions will be affected by:
1. Sample temperature
2. Proximity of test holes within sample
3. Ambient temperatures
4. Base effects where probe compresses against analyzer test bed
Rheology of chocolate is influenced by:
1. Cocoa solids content
2. Cocoa butter content
3. Solid fat content
4. Crystal modification (acting as an indication of temperature abuse).
EMPIRICAL
FACTORS:
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Page 46 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
Appendix A - Probes, Fixtures, Calibration Accessories and Gelatin Accessories
This section provides part numbers and detailed descriptions for the test probes and fixtures that can
be used with your CT3 Texture Analyzer. Also included is information on calibration accessories and
the equipment used to perform gelatin Bloom tests.
A-1 Probes
SELECTED PROBE KITS
TA-P-KIT2
TA-P-KIT3
RECOMMENDED GENERAL PROBE KIT
Includes the following probes: 60 degree cone TA2/1000; 12.7mm cylindrical
(BS std) TA5; 60mm wide knife edge TA7; 1.0mm dia needle TA9; 12.7mm
cylindrical (AACC std) TA10; 25.4mm cylindrical (AOAC std) TA11/1000; 45
degree cone TA15/1000; 30 degree cone TA17; 12.7mm ball TA18; 50.8mm
cylinder TA25/1000; 0.33mm cutting wire TA53; 2mm rod TA39; 38.1mm
cylinder TA4/1000; 6mm cylindrical TA41; 25.4mm ball TA43; 4mm cylinder
TA44 and TA-PCC
CURD PROBE KIT
Includes the following probes: 5mm disc TA46; 8mm disc TA-47; 10mm disc
TA48 and storage case.
CYLINDER / ROD PROBES
* included in TA-P-KIT2
TA3/100
25.4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm (Low mass for CT3100)
TA3/1000
25.4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.
TA4/100
38.1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm. (Low mass for CT3100)
TA4/1000
*38.1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic 26g. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.
TA5
*12.7mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Black Delrin 5g. 35mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.
TA6
6.35mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Black Delrin. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm. . (Low mass for CT3100)
TA10
*12.7mm CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic 5g. 35mm length with sharp edge. Gelatin Bloom Probe
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Page 47 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA11/100
TA11/1000
TA19
TA24
TA25/1000
TA35
TA36
TA39
TA40
TA41
TA42
TA44
TA45
TA54
25.4mm AOAC STANDARD CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 35mm Long. (Low mass for CT3100)
*25.4mm AOAC STANDARD CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic 21g. 35mm Long.
1cm² KOBE TEST PROBE
Stainless Steel. 11.3mm Diameter. 25mm Long.
4mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE
Black Delrin. 20mm Long, Flat End
*50.8mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic 23g. 20mm Long. Rad .35 - .43mm.
5mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Black Delrin. 20mm Long.
7mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Stainless Steel. 35mm Long.
*2mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE
Stainless Steel 5g. 20mm Long. Flat End (Margarine).
4.5mm DIAMETER ROD PROBE
Stainless Steel. 20.5mm Long. Flat End (Margarine).
*6mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Stainless Steel 7g. 35mm Long.
3mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Stainless Steel. 35.8mm Long.
*4mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Stainless Steel 10g.
1mm DIAMETER CYLINDER PROBE
Stainless Steel.
38.1mm DIAMETER 170° SHALLOW ANGLE CYLINDER PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 20mm Long.
CONICAL PROBES
* included in TA-P-KIT2
TA2/100
60º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. (Low mass for CT3100)
TA2/1000
* 60º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic 15g. 30mm Diameter, 36mm L
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 48 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA15/100
TA15/1000
TA16
TA17
TA27
TA29
TA32/100
TA32/1000
TA-PCC
45º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. (Low mass for CT3100)
* 45º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic 13g. 30mm Diameter, 40mm L
40º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 29mm Diameter 41mm L
* 30º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic 8g. 24mm Diameter, 46mm L
20º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 12.4mm Diameter.
15º CONE PROBE
Stainless Steel. 8mm Diameter.
90º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter. (Low mass for CT3100)
90º CONE PROBE
Clear Acrylic. 30mm Diameter.
PROBE CARRYING CASE
For Texture Analyzer Probes And/Or Calibration Weights. (Foam Insert Cut
To Order). Black Polypropylene - 225mm(L)X 200mm(W) X 70mm(H).
SPHERICAL PROBES
* included in TA-P-KIT2
TA8
6.35mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE
Stainless Steel.
TA18
* 12.7mm BALL PROBE
Stainless Steel 30g
TA28
2mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE
Stainless Steel.
TA31
1mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE
Stainless Steel.
TA33
3mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE
Stainless Steel.
TA38
10mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE
Stainless Steel.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 49 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA43
*25.4mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE
Nylon 14g
TA49
25.4mm DIAMETER ROUND END
Clear Acrylic.
TA50
5mm DIAMETER BALL PROBE
Surimi application
MISCELLANEOUS PROBES
* included in TA-P-KIT2
** included in TA-P-KIT3 TA-DGF001
TA7
TA9
TA22
TA23
DUAL GRIP FIXTURE
These are multipurpose general grips for tensile type testing. The 25mm wide
grips are fitted with rubber inserts to maximise contact adhesion with sample
and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick. Each grip
clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews for precise
alignment. Includes one pair of T-Bolts for mounting to base. Base table kits are
NOT USED with this fixture.
*KNIFE EDGE
Clear Acrylic 8g. 60mm Wide.
* NEEDLE PROBE
Stainless Steel. 1.0mm Diameter. 43mm Long.
10º Maximum Taper.
18SWG BAR FRAME PROBE
Aluminium Frame. 39mm Wide.1.2mm Dia
12.7mm DIAMETER ROUND END PROBE
Black Delrin. 35mm Long.
TA46
**TA CURD PROBE 5mm
Stainless Steel, 5mm dia disc ( 0.2 sq cm )
TA47
**TA CURD PROBE 8mm
Stainless Steel, 8mm dia disc ( 0.5 sq cm )
TA48
**TA CURD PROBE 10mm
Stainless Steel, 10mm dia disc ( 0.8 sq cm )
TA37
2.36mm DIAMETER CUTTING WIRE PROBE
Aluminium Frame. 40mm Wide.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 50 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA52
TA53
Small Scale MOHRS Shear Blade
Includes one blade holder and five blades. Blades are 9mm Wide x 35mm
Length x .5mm Thick
*33mm D Cutting Wire Probe, 40 mm L, Connects to M6 Female Thread
A-2 Fixtures
ACCESSORIES FOR ROTARY BASE TABLE
TA-RT-KIT
ROTARY BASE TABLE
Round base table provides quick and easy height adjustment to accommodate
various samples. Accessories listed below are mounted onto this table to
facilitate special sample holding requirements. Includes pair of T-bolts for
securing table.
ALL ACCESSORY FIXTURES BELOW MOUNT ONTO ROTARY BASE TABLE
TA-ATT
ADHESIVE TACK TESTER
This tester is used for measuring stickiness of pressure sensitive adhesive
materials such as tape. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT-KIT.
TA-AVJ
ADJUSTABLE VICE JIG
This fixture is used for holding smal samples for a puncture test. Good for
Jelly beans, gum drops, etc. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT-KIT.
TA-BEC
BACK EXTRUSION CELL
The Back Extrusion Cell is used for measuring the consistency of applesauce,
pudding, yogury and similar products. It consists of 3 containers with internal
dimensions of 38.1mm diameter, 24mm deep; includes one 25.4mm diameter
probe. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT-KIT.
TA-JTPB
JUNIOR THREE POINT BEND FIXTURE
Small scale three point bend fixture for fracture test of brittle materials. Probe
used with this fixture, TA7 Knife Edge Blade, is included in General Probe
Kit TA-P-KIT2. Otherwise, please order TA7 separately. Requires Rotary Base
Table TA-RT-KIT.
TA-JPA
TA-TBLT
JUNIOR PUNCH ASSEMBLY
This accessory is used for punching through flat samples. Probe used with this
assemblyy, TA10, is included in General Probe Kit TA-P-KIT2. Otherwise, order
TA10 separately. Requires Rotary Base Table TA-RT-KIT.
Pair of T-bolts with nuts and washers.
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Page 51 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
ACCESSORIES FOR FIXTURE BASE TABLE
TA-BT-KIT
FIXTURE BASE TABLE
Rectangular base table with removable insert, which is used as a test surface. All
accessories listed below mount into this table when the insert is removed. Pair of
T-Bolts for securing the table are included. Four sets of extension legs (1, 1.5, 2
& 4 Inches) are supplied. Extra extension legs may be purchased separately.
Set of four 1 inch table leg extensions
Set of four 1.5 inch table leg extensions
Set of four 2 inch table leg extensions
Set of four 4 inch table leg extensions
Set of two thumbscrews for base table insert
TA-BT-3KY
TA-BT-2KY
TA-BT-7KY
TA-BT-8KY
TA-BT-6KY
ALL ACCESSORY FIXTURES BELOW MOUNT ONTO FIXTURE BASE TABLE
TA-AACC21 AACC RECOMMENDED 21mm DIAMETER PROBE
Aluminum Cylinder, 21mm D and 40mm L. Requires Fixture Table Base TABT-KIT.
TA-AACC36
AACC SPEC PROBE (36mm)
This probe is used for measuring bread firmness and performing texture profile
analysis (TPA). Requires Fixture Table Base TA-BT-KIT.
TA-BLS
BILAYER SHEAR TEST FIXTURE
This fixture uses a guillotine blade to separate a bilayer tablet while measuring
shear strength. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-BPS
BLISTER PACK SUPPORT TEST FIXTURE
This fixture is used to measure the force required to remove the tablet from its
blister pack. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-CEF
CHEESE EXTENSIBILITY FIXTURE
This fixture measures the extensibility of a smaple, such as molten cheese, to
break point.
TA-CJ
CONFECTIONERY JIG
This fixture is used for holding candies and similar products for penetration
testing. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT. Consists of bases and top
plates with holes 4mm, 8mm and 12mm in diameter to allow through penetration
of samples with probes slightly smaller than holes. One blank plate (no hole) is
also included to serve as a test surface when needed.
TA-CKA
CRAFT KNIFE ADAPTER
This adapter cuts cleanly into and through material with minimum deformation
of the sample. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-CLT001
CAPSULE LOOP TENSILE TEST FIXTURE
This fixture is used to measure the force required to split on half of a hard gel
capsule. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-CSF
CIRCULAR SUPPORT FIXTURE
This fixture provides support for round samples and retains any potential fluid
expressed during the test. Requires Fixture Table Base TA-BT-KIT.
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Page 52 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA-CTP
COMPRESSION TOP PLATE
Rectangular plate 150mm X 100mm, used for compressing large samples.
Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT is normally used to support sample while testing
with this large compression plate.
TA-DE
DOUGH EXTENSIBILITY JIG
This fixture is used for holding a sheet of raw dough or flat bread to measure the
breaking point of the stretched sample. Consisting of 2 aluminum plates, one
plate with 25.4mm hole and the other with 38.1mm hole complete with upper
fixing plates to hold disc of flat sample. Used with TA18* and TA43* probes
respectively. Requires Fixture Table Base TA-BT-KIT.
DUAL EXTRUSION CELL
The Dual Extrusion Cell is used for either forward or back extrusion of fruit puree,
pudding, yogurt or similar products. Test cell is cylinder 40mm in diameter and
50mm depth. Forward extrusion forces a semi-solid sample through an outlet of
known geometry. Complete with 4 plungers of 34mm, 36mm, 38mm and 40mm
in diameter and interchangeable base plates with apertures of 8mm, 6mm, 4mm,
2mm and one blank. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-DEC
TA-DGF
TA-DSJ
DUAL GRIP FIXTURE
These are multipurpose general jigs for tensile type testing. The fixtures utilize
a universal fitting enabling 360º rotation for comprehensive test configuration.
The 25mm wide grips are fitted with rubber inserts to maximise contact adhesion
with sample and are capable of holding rectangular samples up to 5mm thick.
Each grip clamps from both sides of sample with two opposing thumbscrews.
Attaches to slot in CT3 base. Does not require any base table.
DOUGH STICKINESS JIG
This fixture is used for measuring dough stickiness as a standard test; important for
processing raw dough. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT and TA3/1000
or TA11/1000* probe. TA-EP
EYE PENCIL TEST FIXTURE
This fixture measures the hardness of cosmetic pencil tips for eye- or lip-ling
products and can also be used for artistic type pencil tips. Requires Fixture Base
Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-FMBRA
FMBRA STANDARD DOUGH POT SET
This set is used for preparing dough samples and measuring dough firmness.
The set comprises of two test cells and two plungers: An aeration plunger and
a compacting plunger. A known weight of sample is placed in the pot and the
aeration plunger is used to remove air pockets through gentle rotation. The dough
is then assessed for firmness using a TA41 6mm Ø stainless steel probe. Includes
Dough Aerator, Dough Compactor & 2 Containers.
TA-FSF
FILM SUPPORT FIXTURE
This fixture is used for puncture tests to measure the strength of fine films. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
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Page 53 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA-GPJ
GENERAL PEELING JIG
This fixture measures the adhesive strength needed to remove the lid froma sealed
container at 0˚, 45˚, and 90˚ angles. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-HCF
HAIR COMBABILITY TEST FIXTURE
This fixture measures the effect of products, such as shampoo and conditioners,
on the combability of hair.
TA-JMPA
JUNIOR MULTIPLE PROBE ASSEMBLY
This multiple probe assembly, consisting of nine 3mm probes and corresponding
base plate, is specifically designed to hold nine small samples of irregular
geometry, such as peas, corn, nuts or dried fruit. Requires Fixture Base Table
TA-BT-KIT.
TA-KF
KEIFFER DOUGH AND GLUTEN EXTENSIBILITY FIXTURE
This fixture quantifies maximum force and distance needed to break the sample. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
KRAMER SHEAR CELL
The Kramer Shear Cell follows principles of the Allo-Kramer Shear Press. Test
cell (53mm X 57mm X 56mm) has clear Perspex front for viewing test progress.
Ten shear cutting blades alternating (65mmL) are loosely suspended from blade
holder. Blade holder has quick-release mounting mechanism allowing removal
fro cleaning withour distrubing the alighnment. Requires Fixture Base Table
TA-BT-KIT.
TA-KSC
TA-LC
LIPSTICK CANTILEVER TEST FIXTURE
This fixture allows imitative tests on lipstick and similar products to quantify the
strength of a product. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-LTT
LOOP TACK TESTER
This tester measures the adhesive strength of pressure sensitive tape and stickers
according to ASTM D6195. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-MA
MUCO ADHESION TEST FIXTURE
This fixture quantifies tablet adhesiveness to a mucosal surface by simulating
body and temp conditions and force needed to pull tablet away from surface.
TA-MDI
METER DOSE INHALER TEST FIXTURE
This fixture measuresthe push-button force to actuate the inhaler. Requires
Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-MCF
MULTIPLE CHIP FIXTURE
This fixture is used for testing the penetration or firmness of multiple chips/
french fries. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-MP
MESH PROBE
This fixture quantifies the consistency of products such as mayonnaise and
yogurt. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 54 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA-MTP
MAGNUS TAYLOR PROBE KIT
This probe kit is used for puncture tests to measure the hardness of fresh fruit
and vegetables. This kit includes the following probes: Flat End Probe, 3mm
TA-MTP-3F; Round End Probe, 3mm TA-MTP-3R; Flat End Probe, 4mm TAMTP-4F; Round End Probe, 4mm TA-MTP-4R; Flat End Probe, 5mm TA-MTP5F; Radius End Probe, 5mm TA-MTP-5R; Flat End Probe, 6mm TA-MTP-6F; Radius End Probe, 6mm TA-MTP-6R; Flat End Probe, 7mm TA-MTP-7F; Radius End Probe, 7mm TA-MTP-7R. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-NTF
NOODLE TEST FIXTURE
This fixture is used to evaluate noodle quality. Requires Fixture Base Table TABT-KIT.
TA-OC
OTTAWA CELL
The Ottawa cell follows principles of the Ottawa Test Measurement System
(OTMS). Test cell (45mm X 45mm X 55mm) has clear Perspex front for viewing
test progress. Corresponding plungers (43mm sq. and 40mm sq.) are used to
compress and extrude samples. Complete With 3 Plates (one with pattern of
holes 44mm diameter and the other with bars) and 2 Plungers for forward and
back extrusion. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-PF9090˚ PEEL FIXTURE
This fixture measures the adhesive strength to pull tape of of a rigid surface using
force at a 90˚ angle. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-PFS
PASTA FIRMNESS AND STICKINESS JIG
This fixture measures the firmness and stickiness of uncooked pasta. Requires
Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-PFS-C
COOKED PASTA FIRMNESS AND STICKINESS JIG
This fixture measures the firmness and stickiness of cooked pasta and like
products. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-PTF
PIZZA TENSILE FIXTURE
This fixture quantifies cooked pizza firmness by measuring the tensile force and
deformation distance to break the sample.
TA-RCA
ROLLER CAM ACCESSORY
This accessory’s grips measure the tensile strength and tear characteristics of
material such as polymer films. TA-RT
RAFT TESTER
The Raft Tester looks like a L-hook. It is used in the assessment of the Strength
of Alginate Rafts, used in the treatment of gastro-oesophagael reflux. The force
required to pull the raft tester up through the raft is recorded as the raft strength
(peak Load). Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 55 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA-SBA
SET OF 4 SHEAR BLADES
Including Warner Bratzler test jig complete with slotted base. The blade set
includes four shear blades, firmly held within a specially designed blade holder.
The jig is utilized in the measurement of shearing and cutting forces, as the
blades pass through a sample. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-SFF
SPAGHETTI FLEXURE FIXTURE
This fixture is used to quantify flexure characteristics of uncooked spaghetti and
other dry pastas.
TA-SFJ
SLIDING FRICTION JIG
This fixture measures the coefficient of friction for packaging materials according
to ASTM D1894. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-STF
SPREAD TEST FIXTURE
This fixture quantifies the force to spread a material on a surface. The Fixture
includes one male cone, five female cones and one female cone holder. Requires
Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-STJ
SYRINGE TESTING JIG
This fixture is used for measuring the force required to push or pull a syringe
plunger. Important to pre-filled syringe market or manufacturers of custom
syringe products. Fixture designed to hold syringe barrel while pushing or
pulling syringe plunger. A clamping mechanism to hold syringe barrel adjusts
to accommodate barrel up to 40mm in diameter. Requires Fixture Base Table
TA-BT-KIT.
TA-TCA
TABLET COATING ADHESION FIXTURE
This fixture measures the adhesion force of a tablet coating to a tablet. Requires
Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-TEF
TUBE EXTRUSION FIXTURE
This fixture measures the force needed to squeeze cream or paste out of a tube. Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-TPB
THREE POINT BEND TEST FIXTURE
Three point bend test fixture is used for fracture tests of brittle materials. Sample
supports can be adjusted to provide spacing from 10mm-70mm. Sample supports
and identical test blade are 80mm in length with a 1.5mm radius rounded edge.
Requires Fixture Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-TRF
TORTILLA ROLL FIXTURE
This fixture is used to evaluate changes in corn tortilla texture per AACC
technical paper by measuring the force to roll up a tortilla. Requires Fixture
Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
TA-TSF
TAPE STICKINESS FIXTURE
This fixture measures the adhesive force to pull tape off of a surface. Multiple
tape samples can be tested simultaneously for average values. Requires Fixture
Base Table TA-BT-KIT.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 56 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA-VBJ
TA-WSP
TA-WB-PY
VOLODKEVITCH BITE JAWS
Compression test used to simulate the shearing action of the front incisors as
they bite through a food item, generating an indication of sample toughness or
fibrousness. Consisting of both upper and lower jaws, the compressive movement
of the travelling beam imitates the human “biting action”. Requires Fixture Base
Table TA-BT-KIT.
WIRE SHEAR PLATE
This fixture is an aluminium plate with aperture to pass wire cutting blade through
a sample for shear type testing. Good for products with significant stickiness
like cheese or butter. Includes TA53* cutting wire. Requires Fixture Base
Table TA-BT-KIT.
WATER JACKET SAMPLE CUP FOR TEMP CONTROL
Water jacketed cup assembly with RTD temperature probe and CABLE for
temperature control on semi solid samples.
QTS-AVJ
Adjustable vice Jigs left over from QTS inventory.
Miscellaneous
TA-RT-5
TA-RT-3
TA-TBLT
TA-BT-5
TA51
TA52-4
TA-LVL
T-Bolt (2)
Thumbnut (2)
Table Bolt Nut
Base Table Insert for TA-BT-KIT
M6 to M3 Probe Adapter
Packet of 5 Blades for TA52
Bubble Level
A-3 Calibration Accessories
TA-CW-100C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 100g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE
Set of weights (total mass 100g) to be used to check calibration of the 100g LFRA
Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.
TA-CW-1000C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 1000g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE
Set of weights (total mass 1000g) to be used to check calibration of the 1000g
LFRA Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST
standards.
TA-CW-1500C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 1500g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE
Set of weights (total mass 1500g) to be used to check calibration of the 1500g CT3
Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.
TA-CW-4500C CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 4500g WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE
Set of weights (total mass 4500g) to be used to check calibration of the 4500g CT3
Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 57 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
TA-CW-10KGCCALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 10kg WITH CASE & CERTIFICATE
Set of weights (total mass 10kg) to be used to check calibration of the 10kg CT3
Texture Analyzer. Includes verification certificate traceable to NIST standards.
TIA-8013
HANGER MOUNTING RING
Used to hang calibration weights. Included with each weight set. Replacements
may be ordered with this number. Included with all weight sets up to 10kg.
TA-CW-2550KGC CALIBRATION WEIGHT SET, 10kg WITH CERTIFICATE
Set of two 5kg plates (total mass 10kg) to be used to check calibration of 25kg
and 50kg CT3 Texture Analyzers. Includes verification certificate traceable to
NIST standards, mounting ring and hanger (TIA-8021Y).
TA-CW-5000C 5kg CERTIFIED MASS
Additional 5kg plates to be used with TA-CW-2550KGC weight set. Order as
many as needed to check calibration up to load cell maximum.
TIA-8021Y
MOUNTING RING AND HANGER
Used for stacking TA-CW-5000C calibration weights for checking calibration of
25kg and 50kg CT3 Texture Analyzers. Included in TA-CW-2550KGC.
CCSCT3
Calibration & Certification for CT3
CT3 Train
CT3 On-Site Installation and Training
one day on-site time
A-4 Gelatin Accessories
TA-GBB-2
BROOKFIELD GELATIN BLOOM BOTTLE KIT (12 pcs)
One dozen Brookfield gelatin bloom sample bottles w/BEL logo bottle holds
120ml volume and includes TA-SBS stoppers.
GELATIN BATH PREPARATION SYSTEM
Gelatin Preparation Bath System
TC-450MX (qty2) and TC-351 (qty1)
System is used by attaching TC-351 to one TC-450MX bath set to 10˚C. Second
TC-450MX bath is set to 60˚C providing rapid transfer between the thermal
environments necessary for conditioning gelatin for Bloom testing. Each bath
has 29L reservoir and capacity for twelve (12) gelatin jars and a removable rack
for easy handling. 21L of water is required for proper fluid level with rack and
12 bloom jars.
CT3-CS-100
BLOOM TEST STRIP
For use with 100g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration.
CT3-CS-1000 BLOOM TEST STRIP
For use with 1000g & 1500g CT3 Texture Analyzer to check load calibration.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 58 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
Appendix B - Troubleshooting
If no power to the instrument:
Check:
• User replaceable fuses: two (2) fuses, 4 amp, 5 x 20 mm, time-lag located behind removable
red color panel just above switch.
• Fuses located within power entry module on the rear of the instrument.
• If the fuses blow continually, serious damage to the instrument could result. Contact repair
services immediately.
Probe won’t attach:
• Check the thread on probe and probe shaft - remove any dirt.
Rotary Base table won’t move:
• Ensure the locking knob is loose.
• Ensure the fine adjust nut is loose.
Rotary Base table will not travel to the lowest position:
• Loosen the fine adjust nut and rotate base table.
• Locate the table in center of T-slot.
Instrument is unsteady:
• Ensure that the bench top is stable.
• Adjust the CT3 feet.
Probe doesn’t move when start is pressed:
• Ensure the emergency stop button is not pressed in (rotate clockwise).
• Ensure the test mode is not in Static Load.
• Ensure the probe is not in contact with sample (or base table).
Display shows “REMOTE OPERATION”
• This will always show when the computer interface cable is connected to the CT3. To use
the CT3 without the computer program, the serial cable must be disconnected.
Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.
Page 59 Manual No. M08-372-E0315
Appendix C - Texture Loader Programming
OVERVIEW
Texture Loader software is provided to allow you to create on a PC and download into the CT3
up to ten test methods specific to your product. You may set up any CT3 test (Normal, Hold Time,
Cycle, TPA or Tension) with test parameters specific to your product. Your product name may even
appear as the test name, subject to an eight character limit.
There are ten memory slots for such programs available in the CT3, labeled 0-9. All memory slots
containing tests will appear in sequence as the SELECT/SCROLL knob is rotated. Memory slots
can later be hidden by erasing a test using the Erase Test button when its Test No. is selected.
OPERATION OF TEXTURE LOADER
The supplied communication cable, USB or RS232, must be connected to both the CT3 and any
valid port on your computer. Turn on the CT3, select StandAlone mode and rotate the SELECT/
SCROLL knob to *DOWNLOAD TEST FROM PC.
Start TextureLoader software. Be sure to select the correct load cell of your CT3 and choose the
correct communications port on your computer. You are now ready to create and load custom
programs into your CT3 Texture Analyzer.
User defined test window
1)Test mode: Choose the type of test you wish to create.
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2)Test Number.: Select from the list the number of the memory slot in the CT3 where you wish
to load the test.
3)Name: Enter the name of test as you wish it to appear on the screen of the CT3.
Test Parameters window
Enter the desired test parameters. The specific test parameters available will vary depending upon
the test mode chosen.
Now that you have created the test, you may:
1) Save test if desired by clicking on diskette icon button.
2) Click Send Test button to download the test to the CT3.
3) If you decide to change a parameter in a test that has been downloaded to the CT3, you can
make the change and download the test to the same memory slot in the CT3. This will overwrite
the initial program.
Target Hold is added to the user defined downloadable tests. The com spec “xx” field for
“TXTNAME<xx><nnnnnnnn><CR>” is changed from values of 00-04 to 00-05. “05” represents
the added test type Target Hold. The PGM command field “xxxx” is used for the target load value. The home screen for this test is shown below. Note that the test type is displayed as “TH”.
0:TESTNAME TH nnnn
s
TRIGGER:
10.0 g
TARGET LOAD:
500 g
SPEED:
0.5 mm/s
The User Defined target hold test will operate the same as the standard target hold test except that
there will be no ability to modify field values manually. It will essentially operate in a similar
manner to other User Defined tests.
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Appendix D - CT3 Connector Wiring
Serial (RS-232) Communications Parameters
Baud Rate
115200
Data Bits
8
Stop Bits
1
Parity
None
HandshakeNone
No Connection
Receive Data (RxD)
1
6
2
7
3
Serial Ground
No Connection
8
Transmit Data (TxD)
Cable Sensing
No Connection
No Connection
4
9
Cable Sensing
5
Pins 4 and 5 are used to sense presence of serial cable.
USB (DVP-202)Type B Port Communications Parameters
PIN 1: POWER
PIN 3: + Data
PIN 2: - Data PIN 4: Cable Gnd
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Appendix E - Online Help and Additional Resources
www.brookfieldengineering.com**
The Brookfield website is a good resource for additional and self-help whenever you need it. Our
website offers a selection of “how-to” videos, application notes, conversion tables, instructional manuals,
material safety data sheets, calibration templates and other technical resources.
http://www.youtube.com/user/BrookfieldEng
Brookfield has its own YouTube channel. Videos posted to our website can be found here as well as
other “home-made” videos made by our own technical sales group.
Viscosityjournal.com
Brookfield is involved with a satellite website that should be your first stop in viscosity research. This
site serves as a library of interviews with experts in the viscosity field as well as Brookfield technical
articles and conversion charts. Registration is required, so that you can be notified of upcoming
interviews and events, however, this information will not be shared with other vendors, institutions, etc..
Article Reprints
-- Available in Print Only
-- Brookfield has an extensive library of published articles relating to viscosity, texture and
powder testing. Due to copyright restrictions, these articles cannot be emailed. Please request
your hardcopy of articles by calling our customer service department directly or by emailing:
marketing@brookfieldengineering.com
-- Available Online
-- Brookfield has a growing number of published articles that can be downloaded directly from
the Brookfield website. These articles can be found on our main site by following this path:
http://www.brookfieldengineering.com/support/documentation/article reprints
More Solutions to Sticky Problems
Learn more about viscosity and rheology with our most popular publication. This informative booklet will
provide you with measurement techniques, advice and much more. It’s a must-have for any Brookfield
Viscometer or Rheometer operator. More Solutions is avaiable in print and also as a downloadable pdf
on the Brookfield website by following this path:
http://www.brookfieldengineering.com/support/documentation
Training/Courses
Whether it is instrument-specific courses, training to help you better prepare for auditing concerns, or
just a better understanding of your methods, who better to learn from than the worldwide leaders of
viscosity measuring equipment? Visit our Services section on our website to learn more about training.
** Downloads will require you to register your name, company and email address. We respect your
privacy and will not share this information outside of Brookfield.
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Appendix F - Warranty and Repair Service
Brookfield Texture Analyzers are guaranteed for one year from date of purchase against defects in
materials and workmanship. The Texture Analyzer must be returned to Brookfield Engineering
Laboratories, Inc. or to the Brookfield dealer from whom it was purchased for a warranty evaluation. Transportation is at the purchaser’s expense.
For repair or service in the United States return to:
Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
11 Commerce Boulevard
Middleboro, MA 02346 U.S.A.
Telephone: (508) 946-6200 FAX: (508) 923-5009
www.brookfieldengineering.com
For repair or service outside the United States consult Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. or the
dealer from whom you purchased the instrument.
For repair or service in the United Kingdom return to:
Brookfield Viscometers Limited
1 Whitehall Estate
Flex Meadow, Pinnacles West
Harlow, Essex CM19 5TJ, United Kingdom
Telephone: (44) 27/945 1774 FAX: (44) 27/945 1775
www.brookfield.co.uk
For repair or service in Germany return to:
Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Vertriebs GmbH
Hauptstrasse 18
D-73547 Lorch, Germany
Telephone: (49) 7172/927100 FAX: (49) 7172/927105
www.brookfield-gmbh.de
For repair or service in China return to:
Guangzhou Brookfield Viscometers and Texture Instruments Service Company Ltd.
Room C1, 5/F, Tianxing Building East Tower, No. 21, Zhongshan Yi Road, Yuexiu District
Guangzhou, 510600, P. R. China
Telephone: (86) 20/3760-0548 FAX: (86) 20/3760-0548
www.brookfield.com.cn
On-site service at your facility is also available from Brookfield. Please contact our Service
Department in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany or China for details.
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