LIVE WORKING MANUAL
WORK ON OVERHEAD LINES
THE HOT STICK METHOD
OPSAF-12-014
Issue 4
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1.
SCOPE
This Section of the Power Systems Live Working Manual details the procedures to be
followed when HV overhead lines require to be worked on Live using Hot Stick
Working techniques. The procedures apply the principles established by the Electrical
& Mechanical Safety Rules (Electrical and Mechanical) 4th Edition to achieve Safety
from the System and in particular Specialised Procedure SP3.
2.
ISSUE RECORD
DATE
June 1996
March 1997
September 1998
Issue No.
DLWM 5.2 Issue A
DLWM 5.2 Issue B
PSLWM 5.2 Issue C
AUTHOR
A Rae
J Smart
R J McGill
February 2004
4
D D Kilday
3.
AMENDMENT DETAILS
Initial issue.
Update.
Revised to change “Distribution”
to “Power Systems.”
Updated for ferroresonance and
changes to pole shrouding policy
also included - 72 pages.
ISSUE AUTHORITY
Author
Owner
Issue Authority
David Kilday
Senior Standards Engineer
Jack Neilson
Operational Compliance Manager
William Cuthbert
Business Risk & Safety Manager
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4.
CONTENTS
Page No.
1.
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................... 1
2.
ISSUE RECORD........................................................................................................... 1
3.
ISSUE AUTHORITY ................................................................................................... 1
4.
CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. 2
5.
DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................. 4
6.
ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................................. 4
7.
APPLICATION OF SAFETY RULES & GENERAL SAFETY ............................. 5
7.1 Authorisation ....................................................................................................... 5
7.2 Live Line Tools and Equipment ......................................................................... 6
7.3 General Safety Precautions ................................................................................ 6
8.
TRAINING & AUTHORISATION OF STAFF ........................................................ 9
9.
ORGANISATION, CONTROL & OPERATION OF HV LIVE WORKING ..... 10
9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 10
9.2 Procedures .......................................................................................................... 10
9.3 Organisation....................................................................................................... 10
9.4 Control of HV Hot Stick Working ................................................................... 10
9.5 Operation of HV Hot Stick Working............................................................... 11
10. TOOLS & EQUIPMENT........................................................................................... 11
10.1 Approval ............................................................................................................ 11
10.2 Marking Numbering & Recording .................................................................. 11
10.3 Testing & Care................................................................................................... 12
10.4 Use of Tools & Equipment ................................................................................ 15
10.5 Assessment of Safe Working Loads ................................................................. 26
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11. PROCEDURES FOR WORK ON OR NEAR HV OVERHEAD LINES ............. 34
11.1 Procedure WL1.130........................................................................................... 34
11.2 Procedure WL1.131........................................................................................... 37
11.3 Procedure WL1.132........................................................................................... 39
11.4 Procedure WL1.133........................................................................................... 47
11.5 Procedure WL1.137........................................................................................... 50
11.6 Procedure WL1.140........................................................................................... 55
11.7 Procedure WL1.141........................................................................................... 68
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5.
DEFINITIONS
5.1
Terms printed in bold type are as defined in the ScottishPower Safety Rules
(Electrical and Mechanical) 4th Edition.
5.2
For the purposes of this section of the Power Systems Live Working Manual the
following definitions apply:
HV Live Working
The carrying out of work of any kind on Live High Voltage overhead lines, using
Approved tools and equipment.
HV Hot Stick Working
The carrying out of work on Live HV overhead lines from an Approved Insulated
Scaffold or where appropriate a pole, using tools and equipment Approved for the
purpose.
6.
ASSESSMENT
6.1
All work on or so near Live exposed HV conductors that Danger may arise requires
assessment before the commencement of work to ensure that Danger will not arise
during the course of the work. This assessment will be carried out by the Authorised
Person who is to undertake the work.
In all cases, however, as part of the assessment, Apparatus shall be subjected to a
routine inspection prior to the start of any work to ensure that Danger will not arise
due to the condition of the Apparatus. Should this inspection reveal any significant
deficiency in the Apparatus which would prevent Approved procedures being
applied effectively, no attempt shall be made to work on the Apparatus whilst it is
Live.
6.2
Ferroresonance is a phenomenon of instability produced by a particular combination
of circuit elements. A ferroresonant circuit may be formed when a cable and a
transformer (with a load of less than 3% of its rated capacity) are simultaneously
energised or de-energised one phase at a time. An example of energising or deenergising one phase at a time is making/breaking jumpers using “outage free”
techniques. The resultant power frequency overvoltage can be up to four times the
applied voltage. This overvoltage will start when the first phase is energised/deenergised and will persist until the switching on all phases is complete.
Power frequency overvoltage surges of this magnitude will cause deterioration of the
cable insulation and the transformer winding insulation and may lead to faults. Surge
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arresters will protect the transformer and the cable from the overvoltage. However,
due to the length of time that the surges are on the system, “thermal run-away” may
occur within the arrester blocks. “Thermal run-away” will lead to a catastrophic
failure of the arrester.
When using “outage free” techniques, the overhead network should be assessed for
the possibility of ferroresonance. Where making or breaking jumpers will affect a
transformer that is within 700m of an HV cable, a ferroresonant circuit may be set up.
In order to prevent ferroresonance from occurring, the jumpers must be connected or
disconnected within ten seconds. This can be achieved using either: an Approved
portable air-break switch or Approved “make and break” tools.
7.
APPLICATION OF SAFETY RULES AND GENERAL SAFETY
The Safety Rules for HV Hot Stick Working are as stated in SP3 of the ScottishPower
Safety Rules (Electrical and Mechanical) 4th Edition. This section of the Power
Systems Live Working Manual gives guidance on the application of the Safety Rules
and outlines general safety topics.
7.1
Authorisation
7.1.1
The Approved Procedures referred to in SP3 are those Approved for
inclusion in this section of the Power Systems Live Working Manual by
the Engineering & Transmission Operations Manager, Power Systems
Division. HV Hot Stick Working shall be carried out in strict compliance
with these procedures.
7.1.2
To comply with SP3.1(i) an Approved procedure may only be used by a
team, every member of which will be suitably trained and Authorised
according to one of the following categories:WL1.SS1 As a member of a Live working team to carry out and
supervise Approved HV Hot Stick Working procedures.
WL1.SS2 As a member of a Live working team to carry out Approved
HV Hot Stick procedures under the Personal Supervision of a
WL1.SS1 Authorised Person.
7.1.3
An HV Hot Stick Working team will consist only of Authorised Persons,
one of whom shall be LL1 Authorised.
Before any HV Hot Stick Working commences one WL1.SS1
Authorised Person must be nominated as being in charge. All HV Hot
Stick Working must be carried out under his Personal Supervision.
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7.2
Live Line Tools and Equipment
7.2.1
7.3
To ensure compliance with SP3, Sub-Section 10 of this Section lists the
tools and equipment Approved by the Engineering & Transmission
Operations Manager, Power Systems Division which will be used for HV
Hot Stick Working and details a numbering and recording system and a
testing and maintenance procedure.
General Safety Precautions
The General Safety Precautions detailed in SP3 must be complied with.
7.3.1
HV Rubber gloves shall be used at the discretion of the linesman or when
specifically called for in a procedure.
7.3.2
Safety helmets of Approved type must be worn at all times by all
members of the team when working on Live Lines. Any Person in the
close vicinity of the team must also wear an Approved safety helmet.
7.3.3
Before any HV Live Working commences, the auto-reclose feature
applied to that circuit at the point of work shall, where it is practicable to
do so and with the consent of the Control Person, be rendered
inoperative. The method of achieving this shall ensure one shot to lockout
operation in the event of a fault at the point of work.
7.3.4
Where it is not practicable to render auto-reclose features inoperative, the
Control Person shall be notified.
7.3.5
The use of HV Hot Stick Working procedures shall be restricted to
favourable weather conditions. Adverse weather conditions include mist,
fog, snow, thunder and lightning and where the wind is such that control
of Live Line tools is adversely affected. Work may continue in light rain
at the discretion of the Person in charge of the team, except in those
procedures in which ropes are used in close proximity to Live conductors.
7.3.6
In the event of adverse weather conditions arising, the work shall be made
safe as quickly as possible with the conductors either in their normal
positions or securely held by HV Live Working equipment. Work shall
not recommence until the adverse weather conditions have passed. Where
work is suspended through adverse weather arising or darkness overtaking
the work, the conductors shall be made safe as above and the Control
Person informed immediately. Before recommencing work, the HV Live
Working equipment shall be shaken to remove droplets of water and
sticks wiped dry using a clean cloth or chamois leather.
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Where they are in contact with Live conductors the sticks shall be wiped
within the handling zone only. HV rubber gloves shall be worn for this
operation.
7.3.7
All work shall be subject to a preliminary consideration by the linesman in
charge to ensure that it may be safely accomplished by HV Hot Stick
Working procedures and that the safe working loads of the tools and
equipment will not be exceeded. (Sub-Section 10.5 of this Section).
HV Hot Stick Working procedures involving displacement of conductors
shall not be used if the line conductors to be worked on are damaged or
are jointed with mid-span joints other than the compression type in the
spans on either side of the point of work.
7.3.8
Where conductors are displaced from their normal positions, safe
clearances between conductors and between any conductor and the ground
or other object shall be maintained.
7.3.9
No pole that is badly decayed, or damaged, shall be climbed. The only
Procedures that may be carried out on a decayed or damaged pole are
WL1.140 (Jumper cutting) and W1.41 (pole replacement). In these cases,
work must be carried out from replacement poles or from Approved
scaffolding.
7.3.10
Before commencing HV Hot Stick Working on lines rated up to 11.5kV
any unearthed steelwork shall be tested by the application of the
Approved crossarm proving device. If the steelwork is found to be Live,
Safety Distance shall be measured from the lowest unearthed steelwork.
If it is found to be not Live, Safety Distance many be measured from the
lowest Live conductor.
On lines rated above 11.5kV, if there is reason to suspect that unearthed
steelwork may be Live, Safety Distance shall be measured from the
lowest unearthed steelwork. In all other cases unearthed steelwork shall
be earthed with the Approved earthing carriage following which the
Safety Distance may be measured from the lowest Live conductor.
7.3.11
Before displacing conductors Approved insulated shrouding should be
applied to crossarms and stay tops.
7.3.12
All poles on which work is to take place shall be fitted with a red marker
band at the Safety Distance. No Person shall allow any part of his body
to pass above the marker band. The Safety Distance is specified in SP.3
and shall be measured from the lowest Live conductor or unearthed
steelwork as stated in paragraph 7.3.10 above.
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7.3.13
During the progress of work, the marker band may, on the instruction of
the person in charge, be removed or repositioned to indicate the new
working limits. Before the marker band can be removed or repositioned it
may be necessary to remove earth bonding from steelwork at different
levels on the pole.
7.3.14
HV Hot Stick Working Procedures involving conductor displacement
shall not be used on any pole with over-running earthwire, under-running
earthwire or catenary wire.
7.3.15
Wood poles erected under Live Lines in preparation for HV Live Working
shall be shrouded in accordance with relevant procedures in this Manual,
and shall be so erected as to be 0.15m clear of Live conductors. They shall
never be left in constant contact with Live conductors.
7.3.16
Adopting the Procedure WL1.140 jumpers can be cut and removed to
create points of Isolation prior to work proceeding under Permit for
Work conditions.
7.3.17
PSMSP 1.4 gives dispensation for work to proceed without the issue of a
Safety Document on specific items of Apparatus where they have been
disconnected by HV Live Working Procedure WL1.140 to create points of
Isolation and provide Safety Distance.
The specific items are:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Pole mounted auto reclose circuit breakers
Pole mounted auto sectionalisers
Air-break isolating switches
Pole mounted HV fuse units
Pole mounted transformers
The work shall be assessed and Approved by a Senior Authorised
Person.
7.3.18
Whilst moving conductors supported by HV Live Working equipment, the
operating linesmen shall at all times be prepared to lock the wire tongs in
their saddles should a dangerous situation seem likely to arise.
No conductor shall be moved on wire tongs unless the safety pins are in
place on the wire tong saddles, lever lifts and rope snubbing brackets.
7.3.19
In the event of a conductor being "lost" whilst handling with wire tongs,
the operating linesmen shall immediately loosen their grip on all
Apparatus and lean back in their safety harnesses.
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This will reduce to a minimum the effects of any voltage gradient down
the pole. In recovering a conductor the utmost caution must be exercised
even though the conductor may have fallen on to insulated shrouding.
In case of doubt, additional wire tongs shall be used to recover the
conductor. Failing this the Control Person must be notified with a view
to making the line not Live for the recovery of the conductor.
8.
7.3.20
When working at the pole top after the conductors have been removed,
operators shall position themselves and the equipment to give optimum
clearance from the conductors on either side.
7.3.21
Before any Live conductor is cut, all tension must be removed from it and
the conductor is obviously slack. The conductor on each side of the cut
must be securely held to prevent reduction of clearances to other Live
conductors or equipment once the cut is made.
7.3.22
Limitation of current, which may be broken by conductor cutting as
specified in Procedure WL1.140, must be observed.
7.3.23
All pieces of binding wire, stirrups and other debris shall be collected and
removed from the site on completion of the work.
TRAINING AND AUTHORISATION OF STAFF
8.1
SP3.1(ii) states that "all staff engaged on HV Hot Stick Working shall
have received appropriate training and shall possess written
Authorisation for HV Hot Stick Working from the Company".
8.2
Linesmen engaged on HV Hot Stick Working require to be appointed and
trained as laid down in SP3.1 and Authorised in writing in accordance
with PSMSP 5.1.
They will therefore require to be thoroughly conversant with the
requirements of the Safety Rules (Electrical & Mechanical) 4th Edition
and trained in the Approved Procedures and the practical and safe use of
Approved tools.
8.3
Although engineers generally require no formal training in HV Hot Stick
Working they need to appreciate the possibilities, limitations and general
philosophy of HV Hot Stick Working.
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9.
ORGANISATION, CONTROL AND OPERATION OF HV LIVE WORKING
9.1
Introduction
Live Working as a general term covers work on High Voltage overhead lines with the
conductors Live, which may take one of three forms known in nationally agreed
terminology set out in A.C.E. Report 14 (1967), as, (i) Hot Stick Working, (ii) Bare
Hand Working and (iii) Live Line Tapping. Bare Hand Working and Live Line
Tappings are not Authorised for use in Power Systems, Scotland.
9.2
Procedures
9.2.1
This section of the Manual contains the Approved Procedures for Hot
Stick Working to be used in ScottishPower and shall be referred to as HV
Hot Stick Working.
9.2.2
Specialised Procedure SP3 of ScottishPower Safety Rules (Electrical and
Mechanical) 4th Edition contains the Safety procedures for work on Live
High Voltage Overhead Lines up to and including 33kV.
SP3.1(i) states "No HV Hot Stick Working shall be carried out except in
accordance with Approved procedures".
9.2.3
9.3
9.4
To comply with SP3.1 (i) this Section of the Live Working Manual details
the Approved Procedures which are issued by the Business Risk and
Safety Manager on behalf of the Managing Director, Power Systems
Division and must be strictly adhered to.
Organisation
9.3.1
The number of persons in a team is dependent on the Procedure being
undertaken and shall include at least one WL1.SS1 Authorised Person.
9.3.2
Transport shall be suitable for carrying, in a secure manner, the equipment
required to accomplish the Procedures to be carried out.
Control of HV Hot Stick Working
The Control Person shall be responsible for the recording of work carried out Live
using HV Hot Stick Working techniques in accordance with OPSAF-11-032
(PSMSP 5.2).
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9.5
Operation of HV Hot Stick Working
9.5.1
Jobs to be done by HV Hot Stick Working methods will accumulate from
line inspections and construction requirements.
9.5.2
The Linesman in charge of the HV Hot Stick Working shall make the
final decision on site that all conditions are suitable before work
commences.
10.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
10.1
Approval
The Engineering & Transmission Operations Manager, Power Systems Division, must
approve all tools and equipment for HV Hot Stick Working in accordance with the
Approved Equipment Register.
10.2
Marking Numbering and Recording
10.2.1
A clear mark in the form of a red band shall be applied and maintained on
every Approved HV Live Working tool or piece of equipment where
appropriate, indicating limits of safe handling as detailed in SP3.
10.2.2
Each tool shall be identified by a serial number. The number will be
prefixed by a code and will be permanently stamped on the metalwork.
10.2.3
A record card will be kept for each tool and shall contain the following
details:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
The tool number
The name or trademark of the manufacturer.
The tool type reference or description.
The safe working load (SWL) as specified by ScottishPower.
The date of manufacture, year and month (if possible).
The cards will be used for recording inspection dates and remarks.
The cards will be filed in a suitable container and kept beside the HV Live
Working tools.
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A suitable card format is produced below:
LIVE LINE EQUIPMENT RECORD
MANUFACTURER:
DESCRIPTION:
SERIAL NO. _________ \ _________ \ ________
DATE COMMISSIONED:
S.W.L.
_______________ \ _____________
TENSION
COMPRESSION
MECHANICAL AND/OR ELECTRICAL INSPECTION/TEST
DATE
10.3
TYPE
CONDITIONS FOUND AND ACTION TAKEN
INITIALLED
Testing and Care
10.3.1
Introduction
10.3.1.1 The Safety Rules set out the responsibility for ensuring that
tools and equipment are in good condition before use.
10.3.1.2 This Section of the Live Working Manual deals with the care
and maintenance required for the different types of tools and
equipment used in HV Live Working to ensure that they are
kept in good condition.
10.3.1.3 All tools and equipment must be clearly numbered and recorded
as laid down in Sub-Section 10.2 of this Section.
10.3.1.4 Epoxiglas sticks shall be electrically tested with an Approved
tester at 6 monthly intervals, alternately with E.A. Technology
test trailer or Approved equivalent and an Approved portable
test set. Details of the test shall be entered on the appropriate
record card.
10.3.1.5 The mark, which is on all appropriate HV Hot Stick tools
indicating limits of safe handling, shall be checked and
maintained at 6 monthly intervals.
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10.3.1.6 All tools, slings, rope blocks and other items of equipment
which are required to take mechanical loading shall be tested
and/or inspected on a 6 monthly basis and details of the
test/inspection entered on the appropriate record card.
Certain items of equipment used for HV Live Working are
subject to statutory insurance inspection. These are separately
recorded in a Lifting and Handling Register and include rope
blocks complete with ropes, slings, draw vices, lifting gins and
channel anchors.
10.3.1.7 Additionally all tools and equipment shall be inspected for signs
of mechanical damage before and after each operation. A
damaged tool or piece of equipment must never be used.
10.3.2
Storage and Transportation
10.3.2.1 All tools and equipment, specifically for HV Hot Stick
Working shall be stored in a suitable place. The facilities in the
store shall allow for removal of individual tools with them
being kept apart to prevent mechanical damage. Heating to
provide a warm dry atmosphere and air circulation shall be
provided for the HV Hot Stick tools and equipment in storage.
10.3.2.2 The Epoxiglas sticks must be transported in a vehicle adapted to
prevent mechanical damage to the sticks.
10.3.3
Epoxiglas Sticks
10.3.3.1 Epoxiglas sticks must never be over-stressed mechanically
since the safety of operating personnel is dependent on their
condition. Should a stick be accidentally over-stressed it shall
be rendered permanently unusable and must be replaced.
If a stick is scratched it shall be marked as damaged until it has
been repaired and tested or replaced. If a stick is scratched such
that the stranding is undamaged the mechanical strength of the
stick will be unaffected but the electrical performance may be
adversely affected. If a stick is scratched or scored such that
stranding is broken the mechanical strength of the stick will be
affected and it shall be rendered permanently unusable and must
be replaced.
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10.3.3.2 These sticks are resistant to moisture but must nevertheless be
kept as clean and dry as possible.
10.3.3.3 Before use, each stick must be wiped down with a soft dry
cloth.
10.3.3.4 The sticks must never be laid directly on the ground. Racks are
provided for laying the sticks out on site and waterproof
sheeting is provided for laying equipment on.
10.3.3.5 After use the sticks shall be dried and burnished with a soft
cloth before being returned to storage.
10.3.3.6 The high gloss finish on the surface of the tools must be
maintained. At regular intervals the tools shall be thoroughly
cleaned with an Approved cleaner to remove all traces of dirt
or previous coatings of wax. The tools should then be wiped
down with a soft cloth and a thin coating of wax polish applied
to the entire surface. They should then be burnished with a
feltless cloth until a high gloss is obtained.
10.3.3.7 Scratches on Epoxiglas sticks must be repaired as soon as
possible using an Approved restorer in accordance with the
instructions provided.
10.3.3.8 If any Epoxiglas stick or part of a stick fails the Approved test
it shall be withdrawn from service until it has been cleaned,
restored and successfully re-tested.
10.3.4
Metal Fittings
10.3.4.1 The metal fittings on Epoxiglas rods shall be kept clean and
moving parts properly lubricated with an Approved lubricant.
10.3.4.2 Wire tong saddles shall be inspected for wear on the chains and
clamping devices. The wing nuts should be kept free and
lightly lubricated with an Approved lubricant. The clamping
surfaces should be kept free from grease or oil and regularly
cleaned with an Approved cleaner to minimise slip on the rods.
10.3.4.3 Rope blocks shall be inspected for wear on both sheaves and
swivels properly lubricated with an Approved lubricant.
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10.3.5
Ropes
10.3.5.1 Polythene ropes used for HV Live Working must be stored out
of direct sunlight to avoid colour deterioration. They shall be
kept free from contamination and abrasion damage.
10.3.5.2 Natural fibre ropes e.g. Manila shall be kept clean and free from
damage and shall be replaced if suspect.
10.3.6
Insulated Scaffolding
10.3.6.1 Scaffolding for HV Hot Stick Working shall be used and
maintained in compliance with the relevant sections of
ScottishPower Procurement Specification 1376/10,002. It shall
be kept clean at all times.
The Epoxiglas sticks making up the scaffolding shall be
inspected and maintained in the same way as the sticks in the
tool kit. However they shall not require to be electrically tested.
10.3.7
Approved Cleaners
(i)
AB Chance Cleaning Kit
(ii)
White Spirit
Approved Lubricant
Light machine oil e.g. 3-in-1 oil or equivalent
Approved Wax Polish
DL Shell wax 1128/28943 available in 3.5 kg tubs from
Wilkons/Campbell, Bulennia works, West Drayton, Middlesex Tel. 0735
683886
10.4
Use of Tools and Equipment
Tools and equipment shall only be used for a purpose detailed in this Section and in a
manner described in the Procedures Section.
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10.4.1
Conductors Moving and Supporting Tools
10.4.1.1 Wire Tongs
These are Epoxiglas rods in various lengths from 6 feet to 16
feet, and diameters from 1½ inches to 3 inches with an adjustable
clamp jaw operated by rotating the rod. These tongs are used for
supporting, manoeuvring and laying off Live conductors clear of
the working area. They have a swivelling shackle at the butt end
for attachment of a sling, rope block or lever lifts.
10.4.1.2 Wire Tong Saddles
Aluminium alloy saddles are used for attaching wire tongs to
the line supports. The wood pole type is attached to the pole by
a quick acting chain and lever arrangement that incorporates a
safety pin device to prevent accidental release. The saddles
have clamps that allow the tongs to slide or to be securely held.
Where extra clearance is required, extension saddles are used.
10.4.1.3 Lever Lifts
These are used in place of wire tong saddles to provide a nonslip fixing at the lower end of the tong where limited movement
in line with the tong is acceptable. They are attached to the pole
by a quick acting chain tightener and safety pin device.
10.4.1.4 9 foot. Auxiliary Crossarm
The 9 foot Auxiliary Crossarm, complete with fork wireholders
and fork wireholder insulators, is used as part of a rig to change
poles, steelwork or insulators.
10.4.1.5 Wire Tong Block Clamps
These are of a similar construction to the clamp associated with
the wire tong saddle. When attached to the tong they are used
as a fixing for rope blocks where necessary.
10.4.1.6 Insulator Link Sticks
These are short Epoxiglas rods fitted with a safety hook at one
end and a swivelling shackle at the other. Insulator link sticks
are designed for use under tension in series with ropes or rope
blocks that cannot be considered to have insulating properties.
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10.4.1.7
Roller Link Sticks
These are Epoxiglas rods fitted at one end with a positive
locating roller in an adjustable locking gate and at the other end
with a swivelling shackle. They are used to exert a lateral pull
on conductors or jumpers to give added clearance.
10.4.1.8 Cum-a-long-Clamps
The Approved type for HV Live Working is the Klein wire
grip. This is placed on the line by an appropriate HV Live
Working stick. An automatic gate prevents the clamp from
falling from the line.
10.4.1.9 Rope Blocks
HV Live Working rope blocks are Gibbs type tufnol blocks
reefed with polythene rope. They are normally 3 and 2 type.
10.4.1.10 Crossarm Pulley Anchor
This is a steel or aluminium alloy clamp that fits to the crossarm
and provides anchorage on both sides for rope blocks etc.
10.4.2
Insulated Hand Tools
10.4.2.1 Tie Sticks
This is an Epoxiglas rod fitting with a rotary blade at one end
and a universal fitting at the other. It is used for binding and
unbinding conductors.
10.4.2.2 Universal Stick
This is an Epoxiglas rod fitted with splined universal connectors
at both ends and used in conjunction with a range of
attachments.
10.4.2.3 Grip-All Clamp Stick
This is a general purpose Epoxiglas hand tool fitted with a ring
type jaw operated by a ratchet slide on the butt. It is used for
the general lifting and handling of accessories.
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10.4.2.4 Wire Holding Stick
This is an Epoxiglas hand tool fitted with an adjustable
conductor clamp operated by a slide lever. It is used for
holding and positioning conductors and tails during conductor
cutting and compression operations.
10.4.2.5 Lever Wire Cutters
This is an Epoxiglas hand tool fitted with a cutting head; rod
operated by a side lever and normally used for cutting light
conductors, binders etc.
10.4.2.6 All Angle Cog Wrench
An Epoxiglas rod fitted with an adjustable angular head suitable
for the attachment of standard socket spanner fittings and
operated through cogs by rotating the tool handle. It is used for
the insertion and removal of nuts and bolts in the vicinity of
Live conductors.
10.4.2.7 Insulated Plier Handles
These provide insulated extensions to plier or wire cutter handles
when such tools need to be used on or near a Live line.
10.4.3
Tools for Use with Universal Sticks
10.4.3.1 Fixed Head
This is used to loosen or pack up binding wires.
number of "V" notches for this purpose.
It has a
10.4.3.2 Rotary Prong
This is a rotating finger or prong also employed for binder work
and for the fitting and removal of cum-a-longs and rope blocks
etc. on or near Live conductors.
10.4.3.3 Adjustable Insulator Fork
This is an adjustable fibre claw for holding and positioning disc
insulators.
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10.4.3.4 Security Clip Pusher
This is a dual-purpose tool used for pushing out security clips
on strain insulators with a curved end for forcing the clips into
position again.
10.4.3.5 Security Clip Inserter
This tool is used for inserting "W" clips where these have been
pushed out or have fallen out of strain insulators on Live lines.
10.4.3.6 All Angle Fuse Puller
A versatile adjustable holding and gripping tool used for fuses,
shrouding, insulators etc.
10.4.3.7 Inspection Mirror
"Mirror and stick" inspections is no longer an authorised
procedure in ScottishPower.
10.4.3.8 Conductor Cleaning Brush
This is used for the removal of oxide, etc. from conductors
before making joints, tappings, etc. Separate brushes must be
used for copper and aluminium conductors.
10.4.3.9 Hacksaw
This is a standard hacksaw frame fitted with a universal
attachment. When this tool is used, goggles must be worn.
10.4.3.10 Pinholder
This tool grips the heads of pins or bolts up to approximately
16mm diameter to allow insertion near Live lines.
10.4.3.11 Snap-Out Split-Pin Remover
A spring arrangement on this tool facilitates pulling out splitpins.
10.4.3.12 Split-Pin Installing Tool
This tool grips split-pins for insertion on Live equipment.
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10.4.3.13 Ratchet Wrench Head
This tool allows bolts to be tightened or loosened using a
standard socket spanner.
10.4.3.14 Flexible Wrench Head
This fits standard socket spanners and its flexibility allows use
at limited angles.
10.4.3.15 Skinning Knife
This is used for cutting or scraping insulation or cleaning
conductors.
10.4.3.16 Hammer Head
Where a forceful blow is required near Live conductors, this
1lb. hammer head can be used. It can also be used to detect
pole top rot with the line Live.
10.4.3.17 Binder Head
This tool is for use with a binder dispenser for rebinding Live
conductors on pin insulators. It is made from a blank chuck
with a steel rod inserted at right angles.
10.4.3.18 Tie Applicator Ring Head
This tool is for applying and removing helical fittings that tie
conductors to pin insulators.
10.4.3.19 Tie Pad Applicator Head
This tool is for applying the pad onto a conductor where it sits
on a pin insulator before application of helical ties.
10.4.4
Other Tools For Use In Contact With Live Conductors
10.4.4.1 Insulated Hanger
This tool, installed on a Live conductor, allows safe parking of
Live Line taps during installation and disconnection of jumpers
and load make-and-break tools.
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10.4.4.2 Chafe Tape Winder
This tool is for the application of chafe tape to Live conductors.
It is mounted on and fixed to the conductor by a clamp stick.
Separate winders should be used for copper and aluminium
tapes to prevent contamination.
10.4.4.3 Binder Dispenser
In conjunction with the binder head this tool facilitates the
binding of Live conductors to pin insulators.
10.4.4.4 Make-and-Break Tool
An Approved "make and break" tool shall be used during all
jumper connecting or disconnecting operations.
The maximum load that can be made or broken using a “make
or break” tool without arc-suppression is 50A. Where an
Approved “make or break” tool with arc-suppression is used, a
maximum load of 185A may be broken. The arc-suppression
tool is used also where there is a possibility of ferroresonance,
irrespective of load. The tool without arc-suppression operates
on the expulsion fuse principle to break load and can be tripped
at will by the operation of a trigger. Loads can be made and
carried by the closing of a knife switch that is mounted in
parallel with the fuse unit. The Approved arc-suppression
“make and break” tool is fault rated at 6kA for 1 second. This
tool can be used to break the load rapidly and there is spring
assistance to make the load.
This ensures that all three phases can easily be broken or made
in less than 10 seconds and ferroresonance is eliminated. It is
recommended that “make and break” tools are used a minimum
of 1 span away from poles with surge arresters connected to
them. In certain circumstances, this will not be possible, in
these instances it is acceptable to use the tools on the same pole
as surge arresters.
10.4.4.5 Ampstick Slipon Ammeter
This can be fitted to a Universal Hot Stick and used to measure
current flowing in an overhead conductor.
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10.4.4.6 Live Line Compression and Cutting Equipment
(i)
Live Line Hoses
4.6m Hose - BICCON Cat. No. LL H10 - 46.
7.6m Hose - BICCON Cat. No. LL H10 - 76.
(ii)
Compressor Head
Compressor Head - BICCON Cat. No. G10HML
(iii)
Cutting Head
Cutting Head - BICCON Cat. No. G10CM
(iv)
Appropriate BICCON Compression Dies
(v)
Compressor
For appropriate compressor for use with above equipment, refer
to Sub-Section 7.4.5.17
10.4.4.7 By-Pass Jumpers
By-pass jumpers of 32mm2 copper or copper equivalent
aluminium flexible conductor covered with a 100mm polythene
tube with the ends sealed to exclude moisture and terminating in
suitable Live Line taps. They are used for bridging sections of
conductors before cutting or bridging gaps in conductors before
permanent closure. They may be made rigid by insertion in
fibreglass or other suitable insulating tubing.
The polythene or other insulating materials are not considered
as insulation that would reduce minimum clearance.
10.4.4.8 Live Line Tapping Equipment (Fuse Operating Rods)
These are sectional or telescopic glass fibre rods for fixing Live
Line taps to line conductors from ground level. They may be
used in conjunction with a splash plate.
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10.4.5
Ancillary Tools and Equipment
10.4.5.1 Steelwork Shrouding
Used to prevent accidental contact of pole-top steelwork by
Live conductors, helical ties or binders during binding,
unbinding and conductor handling operations.
Shrouding is manufactured from glass fibre, polythene or other
suitable insulating material in various shapes to suit differing
pole-top configurations.
10.4.5.2 Rope Snubbing Bracket
A bracket fitted to the pole by means of a quick acting chain
tightener with safety pin device and used for securing fall ropes,
rope blocks etc.
10.4.5.3 Insulated Platform
The Approved platform is Epoxiglas approximately 250mm
wide, 1.8m long with pole attachment, Epoxiglas strut and
safety rail. This is used where it is necessary to work short
distances out from the conductor support.
This is a lifting gin which is positioned above equipment,
clamped onto the support and used in conjunction with rope
blocks and a pulley at the base of the support to raise and lower
heavy equipment such as transformers.
10.4.5.5 Cross-arm Proving Device
A Seaward CARL Mark 2 Cross Arm Leakage Detector
(131A910) which provides a means of checking leakage current
on unearthed pole crossarms on Systems up to 11.5kV. A
direct earthing device is also available for lines above 11.5kV.
10.4.5.6 Pole Twister
This device is fixed by a chain round the pole and provides a
lever with which to turn a pole square with a line after erection.
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10.4.5.7 Anchor Pins
These are steel rods approximately 1.5m x 38mm which are
driven in at an angle to provide anchorage for temporary stays
and fall ropes from blocks.
10.4.5.8 Rope
Rope used in the vicinity of Live lines shall be polythene rope,
normally 3 strand 50mm.
Hand lines shall be polythene 3 strand 25mm rope. For
temporary stays and extensions to fall ropes attached to
insulator link sticks manila rope shall be used.
10.4.5.9 Pole Shrouding
There are two Approved methods of shrouding pole tops before
erecting the poles close to Live conductors.
Approved reusable pole shrouds available can be fitted at pole
top or on the pole at any appropriate height. They are rated for
touch contact only. On no account must Live conductors be left
in constant contact with the shrouding.
Bags of 1,000-gauge polythene can be used to shroud the tops
of poles erected close to Live conductors. The bags shall be
pulled on to the pole top over one another, folded round the
pole and bound by tape. Three bags shall be used for 11kV.
This is based on accidental touch contact only. On no account
shall Live conductors be left in constant contact with the
shrouding. Where the new pole is erected other than adjacent to
an existing pole then the number of bags shall be doubled to
allow for additional contact and rubbing by the conductor.
In either case it is bad practice for shrouded poles to be left
close to Live conductors for more than 1 week.
10.4.5.10 Scaffolding
Scaffolding for HV Hot Stick Working comprises a system
scaffold with an aluminium tube base section and up to three
insulated upper sections made from Epoxiglas tubing. The
scaffolding provides a platform, for carrying out work that
cannot be done from a pole.
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10.4.5.11 Binoculars
These should be suitable for preliminary examination of the
pole-top fittings and conductors in the spans on either side of
the pole to be worked on. A magnification of 10 x 50 is
suitable.
10.4.5.12 Sunglasses
Each member of the team must have a pair of suitable anti-glare
sunglasses for protection of eyes from sunlight and from
particles falling from the lines.
10.4.5.13 Tool Racks for Epoxiglas Rods
These are galvanised steel rods with sloping arms on each side,
covered with plastic to hold HV Live Working tools without
damage. The rods can be driven into the ground to provide a
stand for the tools.
10.4.5.14 Waterproof Sheets
These are used for laying out HV Live Working tools and
equipment on the ground.
10.4.5.15 Rubber Gloves
HV rubber gloves as specified in DOM 1.3.1.
10.4.5.16 Portable Test Set
AB Chance portable test set. For portable electrical testing of
HV Hot Sticks.
10.4.5.17 Compressor
Appropriate size of compressor. For use in conjunction with
Live Line compression and cutting equipment. Examples BICCON BP10 - CEMBRE CPE-0-P12
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10.5
Assessment of Safe Working Loads
10.5.1
General
All overhead lines are erected in accordance with an Approved
specification.
Factors of safety must not be reduced during the HV Live Working. The
methods used therefore must take this into consideration.
10.5.2
HV Hot Sticks - Material Characteristics
The HV Hot Sticks are made from "Epoxiglas". "Epoxiglas" consists of
thousands of epoxy resin impregnated glass fibres laid lengthways and
wound around a unicellular plastic foam core. The core is impervious to
water. The strength of these sticks is much greater in tension than in
compression. Consequently small diameter tongs are used in tension and
large diameter tongs used in compression.
As a tong is loaded with compressive force a deflection can be observed.
The observed deflection provides a visual guide to prevent overloading.
The Safe Working Loads (Compressive) are based on a maximum tong
deflection, at its mid-point, of 25mm.
Tong break-up in compressive tests to destruction was observed to be of a
progressive nature and started with individual strands on the surface
breaking with an audible "pop".
If during the course of conductors being moved on HV Live Line tongs a
"pop" is heard from a stick then the movement should be stopped and
reversed immediately and all saddle-clamps locked off. Two tongs in
parallel should then be used if work is to proceed.
10.5.3
HV Hot Stick Working-Conductor Support
In use the HV Hot Stick Working stick method of conductor support
resembles a simple jib crane, the line support and two tongs forming a
rigid triangle.
One tong acts in tension, the other in compression. The tension tong can
if necessary be augmented by use of a rope block between tong and line
support.
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As a result of the different strengths of tongs acting in tension and
compression the limiting factor on the loading of a conductor support
structure is the S.W.L. of the compression tong.
10.5.4
Safe Working Loads
The safe working loads of HV Live Working tools and equipment are
shown in Table 1.
To avoid the need in every situation to carry out an exercise to calculate
the load applied on a support structure, Tables 2(a) and 2(b) have been
prepared. These show the maximum wind loading span it is permitted to
lift with each size of tong in compression for a given conductor. The
method of calculation of these figures is shown in 10.5.5. For the purpose
of the calculation the maximum total angle of declination of the conductor
on the pole top is taken as 20º.
Where a span length greater than that given in Table 2(a) is required to be
displaced or where a tong is noted to deflect more than 25mm at its mid
point or begins to "pop" then the tong should be augmented by placing
another tong of similar size in parallel with it. This method more than
doubles the wind loading span which can be displaced.
The maximum wind-loading span that can be displaced with two tongs in
parallel is given in Table 2(b).
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TABLE 1
SAFE WORKING LOADS OF HV LIVE WORKING TOOLS
SWL
Description
Wire Tongs
1½ in. x 8 ft.
2½ in. x 10 ft.
2½ in. x 12 ft.
2½ in. x 16 ft.
3 in. x 12 ft.
3 in. x 16 ft.
Saddles
Lever Lift
Snubbing Bracket (per ring)
Cum-A-Long
Roller Link Stick
Insulator Link Stick
Rope Blocks
3/2 Small
3/2 Large
Polythene Rope
7mm
8mm
Manila Rope (Grade 1) 9mm
Cross Arm Pulley Anchor
Tension
lbs.
kgf
1,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
>2500
>2500
1,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
1,000
4,000
680
1,135
1,135
1,135
>1135
>1135
450
450
450
3,650
450
1,825
1,400
2,500
635
1,135
425
750
672
>2240
190
325
672
>1000
Compression
lbs.
kgf
1,030
890
460
1,500
1,300
1,000
1,000
467
403
208
680
590
450
450
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TABLE 2(a)
MAXIMUM WIND LOADING SPAN FOR SINGLE TONG IN COMPRESSION
Tong Size
CONDUCTOR
H.D.
0.22
Stranded
0.02
Copper
0.05
0.1
No.
No. 66
Solid
No. 5
H.D.
No.3
Copper
No.1
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
50mm2 ACSR
2½ in. x 10 ft.
3,043
2,616
1,015
47
2,375
1,787
937
270
161
N/A
N/A
N/A
1,066
2½ in. x 12 ft. 2½ in. x 16 ft.
3 in. x 12 ft.
WIND LOADING SPAN (METERS)
2,541
1,000
4,729
2,174
817
4,099
795
116
1,757
N/A
N/A
419
1,981
770
3,700
1,462
464
2,877
707
184*
1,709
108
N/A
816
23
N/A
627
N/A
N/A
405
N/A
N/A
300
N/A
N/A
163
759
107*
2,096
3 in. x 16 ft.
4,011
3,468
1,442
261
3,136
2,413
1,381
584
429
233
149
33
1,658
TABLE 2(b)
MAXIMUM WIND LOADING SPAN FOR TWO TONGS IN COMPRESSION
Tong Size
CONDUCTOR
H.D.
Stranded
0.1
Copper
H.D.
No. 3
Solid
No. 1
Copper
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
2
50mm ACSR
2x
2x
2x
2½ in. x 10 ft.
2½ in. x 12 ft.
2½ in. x 16 ft
WIND LOADING (SPAN METERS)
862
640
147*
2,630
1,465
1,183
886
722
528
3,323
2,170
1,140
905
645
511
346
2,710
756
143
200*
121*
65*
N/A
825
Notes to Tables 2(a) and 2(b)
1
N/A - No span length which can be safely displaced with this tong.
2
* - To achieve this span length the angle of declination of the conductor at the pole top must be no
greater than 15º.
A method of determining the angle of declination is given in 7.5.6 below.
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10.5.5
Calculations of Wind Loading Span for Tables 2(a) and 2(b)
The loading of a conductor support structure can be considered as the
resultant of the following forces:
The vertically downward acting weight of the conductor in assumed level
adjacent spans plus or minus the vertical component of the tension
resulting from line declination or inclination at the work pole.
In the worst case the total angle of declination will be 20º i.e. 10º
downpull on either side of pole as limited by overhead line specification.
As previously stated the conductor support structure is basically a rigid
triangle. The effect on the compression tong in this structure of the
vertical load produced by the conductor reaches a maximum when that
tong is at an angle of approximately 15º to the vertical. If the structure
loading is within safety limits at that position, all other positions of the
structure will be within the safe limits.
Formula
W
-
Conductor weight in kg/m.
L1 & L2
-
Adjacent span lengths in metres.
L3
-
L1 + L2
2
T
-
Conductor Tension in kgf
-
Conductor angles of inclination or declination
(ScottishPower Drawing 00031072, Fig. 1)
1
3
and
2
-
1
±
2
Total angle of declination
For straight line pole with inclination/declination
Vertical Force F(Conductor weight) ± (Vertical component)
(acting vertically)
(conductor tension)
F = WL3 ± T (Sin
1
± Sin
F = WL3 ± T Sin (
1
±
2)
which can be simplified in practice to
2)
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In worst case
1
and
2
are both 10º
Therefore F = WL3 + T Sin 20º
Compressive force (b) in tong with conductor laid off at 15º i.e. worst case
(ScottishPower Drawing 00031072, Fig. 2)
b = COS 15º (WL3 + T Sin 20º)
If force in tong is limited to SWL of tong the equation for L3 becomes
L3 = SWL/COS 15º - T Sin 20º
W
Wind Loading Span = SWL/0.966 - 0.342T
W
10.5.6
Determination of Angle of Inclination/Declination
When considering angles of declination or inclination of a conductor,
ignore the sag. Angle 1 and 2 are formed between a level straight line
passing through the work pole conductor support and other straight lines
passing through the same support and the conductor supports on adjacent
poles, as shown in ScottishPower Drawing 00031072, Fig. 3.
On site such angles are at pole top level within the Live conductor
Danger area.
Similar angles must be reproduced at or near ground level where they can
be safely measured.
The ground level sight lines can be reproduced by using standard
fibreglass fuse operating rods fitted with a hook.
When doing so, it is assumed that the conductor height above each of the
crossarms on the three adjacent poles is the same. When a section is
involved adjust levels accordingly.
Start at the work pole.
alongside the line pole.
Hang the fibreglass rods from the crossarm
At eye level or other selected level place apply a wrap of yellow or white
tape around the pole. Tape the rod at the same level.
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Hang the rods from each adjacent pole crossarm in turn and tape the poles
at level of the tape on the rods. It is then necessary to adjust the levels
found to compensate for the off laid conductor position. If the conductor
will be uplifted by, say, 1m the work pole PVC band should be lifted 1m
or, alternatively, both adjacent pole bands should be lowered 1m.
If hedges or the like obstruct intended sight lines all bands can be equally
lifted.
Measurement of
1
and
2
can then be done by using an Abney level.
The Abney level is a simply constructed instrument for measuring angles
under field conditions.
It has a centre zero degree scale fixed to a sighting tube with a small hole
at one end and a wire sight at the other.
Part way along the tube and to one side is a fixed mirror set at 45º to the
tube sight line.
A fast and finely adjustable pointer arm that moves on the degree scale is
fitted with a vernier and magnifying lens for accurate reading.
A spirit level is fixed to this arm at 90º to the pointer arm centre line.
This adjustable spirit level and fixed mirror arrangement allows the
horizontal bubble to be seen in a vertical plane alongside the object being
sighted.
By simultaneously sighting an object, say a pole top or a pole at ground
level, and adjusting the instrument until the bubble on its zero line
coincides with this object the angle of inclination or declination between a
level line passing through the instrument and the object sighted can be
read on the instrument scale.
To measure the angle hold the Abney level at the height of the PVC band
on the work pole, and sight the PVC band on the adjacent pole. Adjust
level until bubble coincides with sighted band.
Read angle
1,
in degrees from Abney scale.
To obtain 2 repeat as above but sight on the PVC band on the other
adjacent pole.
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11.
PROCEDURES FOR WORK ON OR NEAR HV OVERHEAD LINES
11.1
Procedure WL1.130 - Installation of By-pass Jumpers
11.1.1
Scope of Procedure
This Procedure covers the methods and precautions to be followed when
using temporary by-pass jumpers to bridge sections of conductor, switches
etc.
Approved by-pass jumpers consist of 32mm² copper or copper equivalent
aluminium flexible conductor covered with a 100mm polythene sleeve,
having the ends sealed to exclude moisture. The jumpers terminate in
suitable Live Line taps and can be up to 6.5 metres long.
11.1.2
Safety Precautions
11.1.2.1 The polythene sleeve-covering jumper braiding must not be
considered as an insulator.
11.1.2.2 When a by-pass jumper is being installed, or is in use, the
Safety Distance from it must be maintained at all times.
Adequate clearance between the jumper and any steelwork must
be maintained.
11.1.2.3 During erection or removal of by-pass jumpers, there is a
possibility that one end of the jumper may inadvertently be
released when the other end is in contact with a Live conductor.
Adequate safety precautions must be taken to prevent the lost
end coming into contact with Earth, or infringing Safety
Distance to working personnel.
11.1.2.4 During erection and removal of any by-pass jumper, only one
Live Line tap at a time shall be connected or disconnected. No
attempt shall be made to connect or disconnect both ends
simultaneously.
11.1.2.5 No load currents shall be made or broken with a by-pass
jumper. Prospective load currents to be broken may be
measured with an Approved HV ammeter (installed in a
substation or fitted to a Universal Hot Stick) or estimated from
transformer full-load capacity. Load current must only be made
or broken using either: an Approved portable air-break switch
or the appropriate Approved “make and break” tools. The
maximum load which can be made or broken using a “make and
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break” tool without arc-suppression is 50A. Where an
Approved “make and break” tool with arc-suppression is used,
a maximum load of 185A may be broken. If necessary, load
may be reduced by removing LV fuses, where practicable. In
order to reduce the possibility of ferroresonance, LV fuses
should only be removed from transformers that will not become
ferroresonant, as described in Sub-Section 6.2 of this Section.
11.1.2.6 Magnetising currents up to the equivalent of 200kVA connected
transformer capacity can be disconnected on Live Line taps
used in conjunction with a splash plate.
11.1.2.7 Capacitance current can be made/broken on Live Line taps in
conjunction with a splash plate up to the following maximum
cable lengths:
1200 metres - (0.06 in²)
1000 metres 70mm² (0.1 in²)
300 metres 95mm² (0.15 in²)
11.1.2.8 When connecting and disconnecting by-pass jumpers, the
overhead network should be assessed for the possibility of
ferroresonance. Where a transformer is within 700m of an HV
cable, a ferroresonant circuit may be set up.
In order to prevent ferroresonance from occurring, the by-pass
jumpers must be connected/disconnected within 10 seconds.
This can be achieved using either: an Approved portable airbreak switch or Approved “make and break” tools.
11.1.3
Erection of Long By-pass Jumper
The erection of long by-pass jumpers is no longer an Approved
ScottishPower procedure.
11.1.4
Disconnection of Long By-pass Jumper
The erection of long by-pass jumpers is no longer an Approved
ScottishPower procedure.
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11.1.5
Erection of Long By-pass Jumper (Alternative Method)
The erection of long by-pass jumpers is no longer an Approved
ScottishPower procedure.
11.1.6
Disconnection of Long By-pass Jumper (Alternative Method)
The disconnection of long by-pass jumpers is no longer an Approved
ScottishPower procedure.
11.1.7
Erection and Disconnection of Short By-pass Jumper
11.1.7.1 Approved tools and equipment for this are as follows:
2 - Grip-all Clamp Sticks
1 - Wire Holding Stick
3 - “Make and Break” Tools
1 - HV Ammeter
By-pass Jumpers of required length
11.1.7.2 Test the crossarm steelwork with the Approved crossarm
proving device.
Mark the pole 0.8 metres down from the lowest Live conductor
with a red band.
11.1.7.3 The load current flowing in the overhead conductor should be
measured to check if it is within the limitations of the “make
and break” tool used.
11.1.7.4 If arc-suppression “make and break” tools are to be used, check
that the tools are in the correct position for the work being
carried out. The tools are attached to the overhead line near to
the jumper that is to be cut.
11.1.7.5 The by-pass jumper is erected with grip-all clamp sticks by two
linesmen holding the Live Line taps either on the ends of the
jumper or between the end of the jumper and the parking bar of
the “make and break” tool. Where required to ensure Safety
Distance, the centre of the jumper may be held with a wire
holding stick.
11.1.7.6 Apply the first Live Line tap to the “make and break” tool,
holding the second tap until the first tap is secure.
Apply the second tap to complete the connection.
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11.1.7.7 Jumpers shall be connected between the supply line and
apparatus in accordance with Sub-Section 11.6.6 of this Section
and disconnected in accordance with Sub-Section 11.6.7 of this
Section.
11.1.7.8 Using Hot Sticks, open the three “make and break” tools. This
may be carried out individually or simultaneously. In either
case, all three operations should be completed within 10
seconds.
11.1.7.9 To remove the by-pass jumper, this Procedure is reversed. One
tap at a time is removed. The first tap is held clear after
disconnection until the second tap is removed. The jumper can
then be lowered to ground level and the marker band removed if
all work is complete.
11.2
Procedure WL1.131 - Erection and use of insulated scaffolding
11.2.1
Scope of Procedure
11.2.1.1 This Procedure deals with the movement, erection and use of
Insulated Scaffolding.
11.2.2
Insulated Scaffolding
11.2.2.1 The function of the insulated scaffolding is to provide a safe
working platform for certain HV Hot Stick Working
procedures.
11.2.2.2 Equipment Required
Insulated Scaffolding
Bars and Ground Anchors
30m 12mm dia. rope
Earth Lead and Spike
Footing Boards for Base and Outrigger Legs
11.2.2.3 Description of Insulated Scaffolding
(i)
This scaffolding consists of system scaffolding having an
aluminium tube base section and up to 3 upper insulated
sections.
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(ii)
The aluminium tube base section, complete with outriggers and
ladder, is of a fold-up type, and has no removable parts.
(iii)
The insulated upper sections are made up from lengths of
Epoxiglas tubing fitted with interlocking metal ends.
(iv)
The scaffolding, when erected provides a stable working
platform, complete with kickboards and guard-rails.
(v)
Access to the working platform is via internal ladders. The
insulated ladders for access to the upper sections shall not be
used for any other purpose.
required.
11.2.2.4 Carrying the Scaffolding
The scaffolding will normally be transported in its dismantled
form in such a manner as to prevent damage to its insulated
sections.
11.2.2.5 Erection of the Scaffolding
(i)
The scaffolding shall only be erected by Competent Persons
suitably trained in the erection of system scaffolds to comply
DCM 1.3.1 Appendix F (17). These Competent Persons will
be HV Hot Stick Working linesmen.
(ii)
The selection of the erection position for the scaffolding
adjacent to and/or underneath Live HV conductors or apparatus
shall be made by the LLI Authorised Person in charge of the
work and must take into account the following:
(a)
Ground Conditions
(b)
Height of working platform required
(c)
Minimum vertical and horizontal clearance distances
required for carrying out HV Hot Stick Working
procedures using HV Live Working tools from the
platform of the erected scaffold.
(d)
During erection and dismantling of the scaffolding, the
access ladders must only be manoeuvred within the
framework of the scaffolding.
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11.2.2.6 Safety Precautions
(i)
Access to the working platform must only be gained via
the internal ladders.
(ii)
When erected adjacent to Live Apparatus, the scaffold
must be suitably stayed to prevent movement towards the
Live Apparatus.
(iii)
When erected adjacent to Live Apparatus, the passing up
of tools between the scaffold and the Live Apparatus is
prohibited.
(iv)
The uninsulated base section of the scaffold shall be
Earthed immediately after its erection.
(v)
No HV Live Working tools or equipment shall be
anchored or fixed to the scaffolding.
11.3
Procedure WL1.132 - Binding and Unbinding Conductors on Pin
Insulators
11.3.1
Scope of Procedure
This Procedure deals with binding and unbinding conductors on pin
insulators using conventional stirrups and binding wire or using helical
ties.
11.3.2
Conventional Stirrups and Binds
11.3.2.1 Development work and testing has produced an acceptable
stirrup type binder and a suitable method of Live Line
application. The design of the stirrup and method of binding
are suitable for application to both aluminium and copper.
(i)
This binding arrangement employs two stirrups with sloping
necks and two double binders applied from a dispenser as
shown in ScottishPower drawings 00031069 and 00031070,
Figs. 1-6
(ii)
The sloping neck of the stirrup serves three purposes:
(a)
It keeps the stirrup clear of the insulator groove where the
normal stirrup was found under test to fracture.
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(b)
It provides a facility for firmly binding the stirrups to the
insulator
(c)
It allows the dispenser to operate clear of the insulator
sheds during binding in.
11.3.2.2 Approved Tools
The Approved tools required for this Procedure are:
1 - 8 ft. universal stick
2 - Binding wire dispensers
1 - Binding wire dispenser head
1 - Insulated wire cutter
11.3.2.3 Applying the Binder
11.3.2.3.1 Two stirrups are fitted round the insulator neck and held
in position by fitting a line tap on the slope of the stirrups
on one side of the insulator.
11.3.2.3.2 The middle of the binder is placed round the neck of the
insulator, above the stirrup and pulled in the opposite
direction to the line tap.
11.3.2.3.3 The left end of the binder is passed down between the
stirrups and given a half turn anti-clockwise. (Fig. 5A)
11.3.2.3.4 The right end is taken over and round the stirrups then
give a half turn anti-clockwise. (Fig. 5A)
11.3.2.3.5 With one leg of binder in each hand tightly wrap the
binder anti-clockwise till the top of the slope is reached
and stop with the binder ends coming from underneath the
stirrups.
11.3.2.3.6 Straighten out the binder and cut the ends to equal
lengths. Turn 6mm of the ends of the binder 90º
downward.
11.3.2.3.7 Fit binder ends into the dispenser slot furthest away from
insulator. Turn dispenser clockwise (looking at the end of
the dispenser that the binding wire is applied to) until it
reaches the stirrups. Remove the line tap.
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11.3.2.3.8 Using a similar technique the other binder is applied.
This time the binder is placed under the stirrups and the
right end is passed up between the stirrups. The binder is
still turned anti-clockwise. The dispenser is turned
clockwise. (Fig. 5B)
11.3.2.3.9 The insulator with the stirrups firmly bound to it and the
binding wire on the dispensers can now be fitted in
position on the crossarm. The conductor can then be
lowered into the insulator groove between the dispensers
and a universal stick with a dispenser head used to wrap
the double bindings tightly round the conductor and
stirrups. The ends of the binder should be neatly cut
when the binding is complete.
11.3.2.4 Use of the Dispenser
11.3.2.4.1 The binding wire is always wrapped round the conductor
and stirrups in the opposite direction to that of the
dispenser wrapping (as Drawing, Fig.6), i.e. in crosssection like the letter 'S'.
11.3.2.4.2 When force is applied with the dispenser head at point 'A'
(as Drawing Fig 6), the turning moment between the line
of the double binding wire and the rod is adequately
opposed by the effort needed to straighten both binding
wires plus the friction between the rod and the dispenser.
The binding can thus be tightly applied.
11.3.2.4.3 During the operation the rod is removed within the
dispenser from position 'A' to position 'B' to rotate the
dispenser around the conductor. This continues until the
bind is complete as indicated in Drawing Fig.2
11.3.2.4.4 The dispenser with any surplus binding wire is cut clear.
The dispenser is a re-usable tool.
11.3.2.5 Un-Binding
11.3.2.5.1 To ensure security of the conductor on the pin insulator,
no more than 25mm of each binder should be unpicked
before the conductor is secured by a wire holding stick.
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11.3.2.5.2 Various types of binding will be encountered which will
require to be unpicked. With normal cut end binders a
fixed blade tie-stick head will be used to start the unbinding and the rotary blade employed to complete it.
Where a binder with twisted ends is encountered, it may
be necessary to use the small hacksaw on a universal stick
or Live Line pliers.
11.3.2.5.3 When un-binding, the tail should never be allowed to
attain a length of more than 200mm to avoid possibility of
shorting onto the crossarm but should be cut off in pieces
as the un-binding progresses.
11.3.2.5.4 Many stirrups are not bound to the top of the insulator.
Care should therefore be taken when removing such
stirrups that they do not cause injury or shorting by being
allowed to fall free.
11.3.2.5.5 Where insulator top clamps have been used in the older
lines these will require to be removed using a socket
spanner on the all angle cog wrench and care taken on
holding the pieces as they are slackened off.
11.3.3
Helical ties
11.3.3.1 This Procedure may be used to apply and remove helical ties
when these are used for binding conductors on pin insulators.
11.3.3.2 Approved Tools
The Approved tools for this Procedure are:
2 - 8 foot universal sticks
2 - 8 foot conductor holding sticks
1 - tie pad applicator head
1 - tie applicator ring head
1 - fixed blade tie stick head
11.3.3.3 Applying the Helical Tie
11.3.3.3.1 Place the neoprene rubber tie pad (issued with each
helical tie) on the two-pronged applicator head fitted to an
8 foot universal stick.
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11.3.3.3.2 With the conductor raised clear of the insulator groove
place the opened slit of the tie pad against the conductor
directly above the insulator and use the angled side of the
tie applicator ring on an 8 foot universal stick to push the
tie pad off the two pronged head onto the conductor.
11.3.3.3.3 Lower the conductor onto the insulator and ensure that the
tie pad is centrally located in the insulator groove. The
heads of the holding and lifting tongs require to be
adjusted to a minimum of 500mm out from the insulator.
11.3.3.3.4 Grip one leg of a helical tie in an 8 foot holding stick and
manoeuvre the tie on to the head of the insulator such that
both legs are parallel to the conductor.
11.3.3.3.5 Rotate the helical tie through 180º in anti-clockwise
direction ensuring that both legs remain under the
conductor. A second holding stick will be required for
this operation when working on the middle conductor.
11.3.3.3.6 Continue to hold one leg of helical tie in position
alongside conductor and use the ring applicator head on
an 8 foot universal stick to wrap the free leg of the tie
onto the conductor ensuring that the first turn follows the
lay of the tie. When wrapping is complete, snap the end
of the leg into place.
11.3.3.3.7 Remove the holding stick from the opposite leg of the
helical tie and wrap as described in 11.3.3.3.6 above.
11.3.3.3.8 Finally check that leg ends have snapped into place. A
plastic covered fuse puller head on an 8-ft. universal stick
may be used to assist in confirming this.
11.3.3.3.9 The lifting and holding tongs can now be removed from
the conductor.
11.3.3.4 Removing the Helical Tie
11.3.3.4.1 Lifting and holding tongs should be fitted to the conductor
to be worked on. The tong heads require to be a
minimum of 500mm out from the insulator.
11.3.3.4.2 Fit a holding stick to the tie and conductor on one side of
the insulator.
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11.3.3.4.3 Using an 8 foot universal stick with a fixed blade tie head
free the tie end on the opposite side of the insulator.
11.3.3.4.4 Use ring applicator head on an 8 foot universal stick to
unwrap this leg of the tie.
11.3.3.4.5 Transfer the holding stick to the freed leg of the tie and
repeat 11.3.3.4.3 and 11.3.3.4.4 to unwrap the second leg
on the tie.
11.3.3.4.6 Use a second holding stick to grip this leg.
11.3.3.4.7 Remove the appropriate holding stick that will allow the
tie to be rotated in a clockwise direction.
11.3.3.4.8 Rotate the tie 180º in a clockwise direction and lift clear
of insulator head.
11.3.3.4.9 The conductor can now be raised clear of the insulator
groove and the neoprene rubber pad removed using a plier
head on an 8 foot universal stick.
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11.4
Procedure WL1.133 - Compression Jointing
11.4.1
Scope of Procedure
11.4.1.1 This Procedure deals with the equipment and fittings that must
be used on Live Line compression jointing. It also sets out the
correct method of application.
11.4.1.2 Equipment Required
2 - Approved Live Line Hoses
1 - Live Line Compression Head
1 - Live Line Cutting Head
Appropriate Compressor and Compression Dies
11.4.2
General
11.4.2.1 The unit for compressing Live terminations and joints is a
hydraulic compressor of appropriate size.
11.4.2.2 This unit is used in conjunction with 1 x 7.6m and 1 x 4.6m
hydraulic hoses suitable for Live Line use, giving a total length
of 12.2m. A longer hose must not be used.
11.4.2.3 If the hoses supplied do not give sufficient length from ground
level, the unit can be operated from the pole platform.
11.4.2.4 The hoses are of High Voltage insulation and must be kept
clean and periodically inspected for damage that may cause
surface leakage. When in use it is advisable that the hose is not
held in the hand or in contact with persons or clothing when the
compressor head is in contact with Live conductors.
11.4.3
Cutting and Compression
11.4.3.1 The appropriate cutting head must be used with the compressor
unit.
11.4.3.2 The compressor head must be fitted with the correct dies for
each compression.
11.4.3.3 These heads are supported on a 10-ft. long x 1½ in. diameter
epoxy glass universal stick for use in contact with Live
conductors.
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11.4.3.4 The compressor head is relatively heavy and it is best to work
with it balanced as nearly as possible to the vertical. Where
horizontal work is necessary an insulated support can be used.
11.4.3.5 When cutting ACSR that has been under tension, the steel
strand often springs out of place and gives a difficult conductor
end. This can be overcome by fitting a Live Line tap to the
conductor before cutting. This line tap should be kept in place
until the conductor end is entered into the fitting.
11.4.3.6 If the strand ends are disarranged these can be repositioned
usually by fitting a line tap onto the conductor, tightening it
until it can just be turned on the conductor and then rotating it
with the lay strands along the conductor towards the end.
11.4.4
Compression Fittings
11.4.4.1 Compression fittings have been Approved for conductor
terminations and non-tension and tension type joints on copper,
steel, and aluminium alloy conductors and ACSR.
11.4.4.2 Copper fittings contain an abrasive coating on the internal walls
of the bore and this must not be removed to ease the installation
of the fitting as it functions in the ultimate strength of the joint.
11.4.4.3 Aluminium fittings contain abrasive grease and this is essential
to give the necessary adhesion of the joint. This grease must
not be removed prior to compression.
11.4.5
Application of Fittings
11.4.5.1 Before a fitting is applied to weathered conductor the conductor
must be thoroughly cleaned by wire brush to remove any oxide
film before insertion into the fitting.
11.4.5.2 After cleaning the conductor it must be clearly marked, using
the Approved tool, to indicate the depth of penetration into the
fitting.
11.4.5.3 The conductor tail must be securely held in a wire holding stick
and the fitting, held in another wire holding stick, offered up to
it. Care must be taken at this stage not to dislodge separate
strands of the conductor whilst inserting it in the fitting.
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11.4.5.4 When the conductor has been entered into the fitting, in the case
of copper, the fitting is worked on to the conductor or where
necessary, driven on by means of the hammer head attached to a
universal stick until the penetration mark coincides with the end
of the fitting, showing full penetration.
11.4.5.5 In the case of grease filled ACSR fittings, a polythene rope
sling is fitted between the heads of the wire holding sticks and
after entering the conductor into the fitting, this sling is
tightened by means of the "C assist" on a universal stick. With
the working of the conductor into the fitting and the pull of the
sling and fitting must be driven onto the conductor until the
penetration mark is reached.
11.4.5.6 The assembly is now ready for compressing. Care must be
taken that the conductor does not slip out of the fitting before or
during compression. A constant monitoring of the penetration
mark on the conductor relative to the end of the fitting will
indicate this.
11.4.5.7 The compressor head must be fitted with the proper dies for the
fitting being used and shall be offered up to the fitting on a 10ft. x 1½ in. diameter universal stick.
11.4.5.8 When attaching "C" crimps to tension conductors always apply
the crimp to the main line first to ensure proper seating of the
conductor and insert the tap-off conductor after this has been
done. This is essential to prevent damage to the tensioned
conductor.
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11.5
Procedure WL1.137 - Lubricating Air
Mechanisms
11.5.1
Scope of Procedure
Break
Isolating
Switch
11.5.1.1 This Procedure covers maintenance of air break isolating
switches mounted on all types of wood pole overhead lines.
11.5.1.2 This Procedure does not cover repairs to or replacement of air
break isolating switches.
11.5.1.3 There is no HV Live Working Procedure for insulator cleaning.
11.5.1.4 A switch to be maintained may be mounted above or below the
conductors and in the latter case may be horizontal or vertical.
11.5.1.5 Air break isolating switch maintenance can only be undertaken
when the switch is initially in the closed position. Where a
switch is a normally open point, switching shall be undertaken
by a suitably Authorised Person to alter the network and have
the switch in the closed position before commencement of the
procedure.
11.5.1.6 The Authorised Person will confirm to the linesmen that the
current in the conductors at the time of carrying out the
procedure will not exceed the current carrying capacity of the
by-pass jumpers.
11.5.2
Safety Precautions
11.5.2.1 Goggles shall be worn throughout the procedure to protect eyes
from cleaning fluid, oil and grit.
11.5.2.2 Rubber gloves shall be worn when operating the switch handle.
11.5.2.3 Before any linesman climbs the switch pole, a bond shall be
applied between the steelwork earth and the earth mat
connections to prevent any danger from possible potential
differences between them. This bond shall remain connected
for the duration of the work.
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11.5.3
Approved Tools
11.5.3.1 The following tools are required for maintaining an air-break
isolating switch.
2 - Universal sticks
1 - Set of socket spanners
1 - Ratchet wrench head
1 - Oiling attachment for universal stick
1 - Oil can for lubricating oil
1 - Oil can for freeing agent
1 - Conductor cleaning brush
1 - Mirror
1 - Pair HV rubber gloves
Goggles for each member of Live Line team
1 - Short jumper
2 - Grip all clamp sticks
Other tool heads for use with universal sticks may be required.
11.5.3.2 The following tools are required for installing the switch bypass jumpers
3 - 8 foot x 1½ inch holding tongs
3 - Rigid by-pass jumpers
3 - 1½ inch wire tong saddles
1 - Set of Live Line tapping equipment
11.5.4
Method
11.5.4.1 Check that the switch is locked in the closed position and that
the linesman in charge has a key for the lock.
11.5.4.2 Visually check that the steelwork earth wire is continuous and
that the switch handle connections to the earth mat are
complete. Apply a jumper to bond the two earth systems.
11.5.4.3 Mark the pole with a red band below the switch supporting
steelwork and a minimum of 0.8m below the lowest conductor.
11.5.4.4 Erect rigid by-pass jumpers 0.23m below bases of switch units
leaving Live Line taps secured to rigid tubes.
11.5.4.5 Remove the red band applied in Sub-Section 11.5.4.3
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11.5.4.6 Reposition red band 0.8m below the lowest rigid by-pass
jumper.
11.5.4.6 Connect Live Line taps of rigid by-pass jumpers in accordance
with Procedure WL1.130.
11.5.4.8 With the linesmen standing clear of the pole, the linesman in
charge should unlock the switch handle and attempt to open the
switch without using undue force. If the switch fails to open, a
member of the team should climb the pole and apply freeing
agent to the joints and connections using the oil can attachment
on a universal stick. After allowing time for the freeing agent
to penetrate, a further attempt should be made to open the
switch.
11.5.4.9 After the switch has been successfully opened, lubricant should
be applied to all joints and relevant moving parts using the
appropriate attachments on a universal stick. During the
application of lubricant, the switch should be operated to assist
penetration.
11.5.4.10 Nuts and studs should be checked and tightened where
accessible, using socket set and appropriate stick. Any contacts
and metal parts that have been subject to corrosion should be
cleaned using the cleaning brush attachment.
11.5.4.11 When maintenance work has been completed the switch should
be operated to the closed position and locked.
11.5.4.12 Disconnect the rigid by-pass jumpers in accordance with
Procedure WL1.130 leaving Live Line taps secured to rigid
tubes.
11.5.4.13 Reposition the red band to mark the pole as Sub-Section
11.8.4.3 if necessary.
11.5.4.14 Remove rigid by-pass jumpers.
11.5.4.15 Remove red band from the pole.
11.5.4.16 Remove the jumper bonding the two earth systems on the pole.
11.5.4.17 If switch is a normal open point, inform Control Person that
network can be restored.
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11.5.5
Drawings 00031074
11.5.5.1 Front view of tongs and rigid by-pass jumpers in position.
11.5.5.2 Side view of 1 phase with tong and rigid by-pass jumper in
position.
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11.6
Procedure WL1.140 - Jumper Cutting and Making Operations
11.6.1
Scope of Procedure
11.6.1.1 This Procedure sets out the general principles governing the
connection and disconnection of jumpers. These are applicable
when operating on jumpers in all locations and situations.
11.6.2
Approved Tools
Approved tools for basic operations are:
1 set
2 sets
2 sets
1 pair
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
11.6.3
-
Live Line Compression Equipment
Grip-all Clamp Sticks
Wire Holding Sticks
Wire Cutters
10 foot x 1½ inch Universal Stick
8 foot x 1½ inch Universal Stick
Rotary Prong Head
Fuse Puller Head
Wire Cleaning Brushes
Flexible Wrench Head if required
Bolt Wrench Head if required
"Make and Break" Tools
Approved Scaffolding
Limiting Factors on Jumper Connection and Disconnection
When connecting or disconnecting jumpers by HV Live Working
methods, the following limited factors must be considered.
11.6.3.1 Prospective load currents to be broken may be measured with
an Approved HV ammeter (either installed in a substation or
fitted to a Universal Hot Stick) or estimated from transformer
full-load capacity. Load current must only be made or broken
using either: an Approved portable air-break switch or the
appropriate Approved “make and break” tools. The maximum
load which can be made or broken using a “make or break” tool
without arc-suppression is 50A. Where an Approved “make or
break” tool with arc-suppression is used, a maximum load of
185A may be broken. If necessary, load may be reduced by
removing LV fuses, where practicable. In order to reduce the
possibility of ferroresonance, LV fuses should only be removed
from transformers that will not become ferroresonant, as
described in Sub-Section 6.2 of this Section.
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11.6.3.2 Jumper making and breaking must not be performed where this
will result in making or interrupting load exchange between
Primary substations.
11.6.3.3 Magnetising current equivalent to 200kVA of connected
transformer capacity may be disconnected on Live Line taps
with the use of a splash plate. Above this, and to a maximum of
1000kVA of connected transformer capacity, a “make and
break” tool must be used.
11.6.3.4 Capacitance currents equivalent to the following cable lengths
may be disconnected or connected on Live Line taps with the
use of a splash plate. Above this, a "make and break" took must
be used.
1200 metres 0.06 in²
or 1000 metres 0.1 in² (70mm²)
or 300 metres 0.15 in² (95mm²)
or 200 metres 0.2 in²
11.6.3.5 Where making or breaking jumpers will affect a transformer
that is within 700m of an HV cable, there is a possibility that a
ferroresonant circuit will be set up. In this instance, the jumpers
must only be connected or disconnected in conjunction with
either: an Approved portable air-break switch or Approved
“make and break” tools.
11.6.4
Precautions to be Observed
When operating on jumpers work must be carried out from the pole or
Approved scaffold or platform. In all cases, the Safety Distances must
be maintained during work. Where by-pass jumpers are used as part of
the operation to connect or disconnect jumpers, Safety Distance must be
calculated from the point to which the by-pass jumper would swing if one
were inadvertently released.
11.6.4.1 When making or breaking jumpers on a network section
supplied from more than one direction, protection must be
checked and where necessary, sensitive earth fault protection
rendered inoperative to prevent unwanted operation.
11.6.4.2 When connecting or disconnecting transformers, pole boxes or
overhead lines, all metal at points of disconnection must be
considered as Live until proved not Live by use of an
Approved voltage detector.
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11.6.4.3 Where jumpers are under tension, they must be adequately
secured prior to cutting to ensure that no phase/phase or
phase/earth contact is made by jumpers 'springing' on release.
11.6.4.4 Where jumpers are to be re-made at some future time, the
jumper conductor must first be thoroughly cleaned in the area to
be cut, to facilitate re-making with a compression joint. A stub
of sufficient length (not less than 100mm) must be left to allow
compression.
11.6.4.5 Bi-metallic connections must not be made onto line conductors
that are in tension. If no suitable conductor stubs are available,
'L' stubs must be connected to the main line to facilitate jumper
connection.
11.6.4.6 Jumper connections must not be Live Line tapped onto line
conductors. If a Live Line tapped jumper is required, solid rod
bails must be fitted onto the line conductors and the jumpers
connected to the bails.
Where jumpers are connected to tension conductors by line
taps, they should be replaced. This is particularly important
where jumpers are to carry large loads or through fault currents.
11.6.4.7 When connecting jumpers on to a main line, the initial
connection should be made via a temporary jumper with a Live
Line tap in order to minimise arcing. Where the temporary
jumper is made between a tension and a non-tension conductor,
it is preferable to connect to the tension conductor first.
11.6.4.8 Jumpers over 1.5 metres in length must not be connected unless
they can be permanently supported at some point along their
length.
11.6.5
Points of Isolation
11.6.5.1 This procedure can be utilised to cut and remove dropper
jumpers to create points of Isolation prior to work proceeding
on the Isolated section under Permit for Work conditions.
11.6.5.2 On specific items of Apparatus where clearly defined
conditions can be complied with, work or testing may be carried
out on Apparatus without the issue of a Safety Document.
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11.6.5.2.1
The specific items of Apparatus are:
Pole mounted auto reclose circuit breakers
Pole mounted auto sectionalisers
Air-break isolating switches
Pole mounted HV fuse units
Pole mounted transformers
11.6.5.2.2
The conditions to be complied with are as follows:
(a)
The disconnection shall provide Safety Distance from Live
HV conductors while working or testing on or lifting and
lowering the Apparatus.
(b)
Work or testing on or lifting and lowering of Apparatus
shall be carried out without taking access to the area defined
as the Upper Portion of the pole in PSMSP 1.4
(c)
The HV Points of Isolation shall be on the same support as
the Apparatus to be worked on or tested.
(d)
The work or testing on the Isolated Apparatus shall be
carried out by the same Authorised Persons who created the
HV Points of Isolation.
(e)
Before work or testing commences on the Isolated
Apparatus, it shall be proved not Live and discharged to
Earth. Where it is practical to do so, Drain Earths shall be
attached to the Apparatus while work or testing is being
carried out.
(f)
Immediately before work or testing commences on the
Isolated Apparatus unearthed steelwork associated with the
Apparatus shall be proven not Live using an Approved
crossarm proving device.
(g)
Before work or testing commences on the Isolated
Apparatus a red marker band shall be fitted to define the
Safety Distance from Live conductors.
(h)
Apparatus shall be lifted and lowered from the pole using
Approved equipment attached to the pole outwith Safety
Distances and such that Safety Distances will not be
infringed during lifting and lowering operations.
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(i)
The lifting equipment shall be attached to the pole by an
Approved method that may include the use of a choking
sling or eyebolt. The S.W.L. of all lifting equipment must be
appropriate for the load.
Note
An A.B. Chance transformer gin can be utilised for this
operation. The transformer gin is rated as an HV Live
Working tool and can therefore be mounted on the pole with
the section of the gin above the red mark within the Safety
Distance. Once the gin is in position HV Live Working rope
blocks can be attached to the gin using an HV Hot Stick.
The gin should be mounted with the lifting eye as low as
practical and in every case below the conductors. The
application and use of the HV Live Working rope blocks
should avoid contact with the conductors. If direct contact is
anticipated a link stick should be inserted.
The HV Live Working transformer gin is designed for
vertical loading. The pull rope must be threaded through a
pulley block at the base of the structure.
The A.B. Chance range of gins have a 0.9 tonne maximum
rating, which with suitably rated rope blocks, means that
0.75 tonne maximum load can be lifted.
A swivel hook must be used in the eye of the gin. The model
C400-440 has a swivel top to allow appropriate positioning
of lifting eye. The top is not intended to swivel under load.
11.6.5.2.3
For pole mounted transformers, in addition to the conditions
set out in conditions (a) to (h) above, the following
additional conditions shall be complied with:
(k)
Steps shall be taken to prevent any possible backfeed by
removing the LV fuses or disconnecting LV leads.
Agreement on this precaution shall have been made with the
Senior Authorised Person.
(l)
Precaution shall be taken to avoid Danger from Live LV
conductors or cables on the pole. These precautions may
include the use of Approved shrouding.
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11.6.6
Methods of Jumper Connection
Jumpers may be connected between supply line and Apparatus in two
ways:
(a)
by fitting the jumper between a short 'L' shaped stub off the
supply line and the Apparatus.
(b)
by fitting the jumper directly between supply line and the
Apparatus. Short 'L' stubs will normally be the result of
earlier jumper-cutting operations.
11.6.6.1 Connections to the main line may be by straight tension splices
where stubs are available or by 'C' type crimps (or preferably
bail connectors). In either case, the requisite jumper length is
measured accurately and all conductors thoroughly cleaned at
points where crimping is to be made. Elbow bail connectors
may then be compressed onto jumper ends as necessary, and the
jumpers formed to approximate shape.
11.6.6.2 Commencing with any centre phase, a temporary by-pass
jumper is fitted, firstly to the supply end, then to the Apparatus
to be connected. The temporary jumper is to be fitted clear of
points of permanent connection.
11.6.6.3 The permanent jumper may now be compressed, starting at the
supply end. During connection, the jumper is held in a wire
holding stick, and the jumper ends guided into compression
joints, as necessary.
11.6.6.4 The temporary by-pass jumper may then be removed and the
procedure repeated with the remaining phases.
11.6.7
Methods of Jumper Disconnection
Before removing a jumper, it must firstly be by-passed with a temporary
jumper. Live-line tapped clear of the working area to make a parallel
connection with the permanent jumper.
11.6.7.1 When cutting jumpers, outer phases must be cut first, and any
centre phase last.
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11.6.7.2 The jumper to be removed must be secured in a wire-holding
stick, and thoroughly cleaned at points where it is to be cut.
Cutting must be done firstly at the Apparatus, and secondly at
the new supply end to allow the jumper piece to be removed.
Throughout the operation, the jumper must be controlled to
avoid infringing phase/phase or phase/earth clearances.
11.6.7.3 Once cut, the jumper is removed and the temporary by-pass
jumper removed. The procedure may then be repeated for other
phases.
11.6.7.4 Where it is intended that the same jumper pieces be re-used,
they must be marked at either end to ensure their correct
replacement in respective phases.
11.6.7.5 Where jumper stubs are left connected to lines by mechanical
connectors, the opportunity should be taken to complete the
work with compression fittings.
11.6.8
Drawings
Drawing numbers 00031075 to 00031080 illustrate methods to be used
and typical situations where connection and disconnection of jumpers may
be carried out.
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11.7
Procedure WL1.141 - Replacement of Intermediate Pole, Crossarm or
Insulators - Auxiliary Crossarm Method
11.7.1
Scope of Procedure
This Procedure can be used on the Distribution System to:
(a)
Replace poles - in which case the work is carried out from the
new pole.
(b)
Change crossarms or insulators
The Procedure is Approved for use only on 11kV horizontal
formation lines supporting 32mm² copper hard-drawn stranded
conductors or smaller and 50mm² ACSR or smaller.
Conductors can be raised by this method on straight line
intermediate poles supporting wind spans up to the maximum
design values for the line specification provided there is
minimal downpull at the pole position.
The Auxiliary Crossarm which has a rated voltage of 15kV in
normal dry conditions can be upgraded to 34kV working by the
addition of insulators to the fork wire holders. To ensure that
the Auxiliary Crossarm is capable of withstanding the 11kV
System voltage in wet conditions it is ScottishPower policy
that the optional insulators shall always be fitted.
11.7.2
Approved Tools
1 - 9 foot Dual Auxiliary Crossarm
(complete with fork wireholders and insulators)
1 - 6 foot x 2½ inch Wire Tong
2 - 8 foot x 2 inch Wire Tongs
2 - 2½ inch Wire Tong Saddles with extensions
1 - 2½ inch Wire Tong Pole Clevis
1 - Set of rope blocks (Live Line)
2 - Rope snubbing brackets
2 - Tie sticks
2 - Insulated Wire cutters
1 - Grip all clamp stick
1 - Crossarm proving device
4 - Bars for ground anchors
Steelwork shrouding
Pole shrouding
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11.7.3
Replacement of Intermediate Pole
11.7.3.1
Erection of New Pole
11.7.3.1.1
Shroud the top of the new pole and erect it close to the old
pole but not closer than 0.4m. Keep a minimum clearance of
0.15m from the nearest Live Conductor.
11.7.3.2
Working on the New Pole
Step 1
Mark the new pole with a red band 0.8m from where the
lowest conductor passes the pole.
Step 2
Shroud the crossarm of the old pole.
Step 3
Partially unbind the conductors.
Step 4
Fit a saddle on the new pole centred on the opposite side of
the pole from where the crossarm will be fitted and
immediately below the red marker band.
Step 5
Fit a second saddle on the same side of the pole 2.4m below
the first saddle.
Step 6
Fit a snubbing bracket 0.4m below the top saddle.
Step 7
Fit a second snubbing bracket 1m from ground level
Step 8
Set the position of the fork wireholders on the auxiliary
crossarm to coincide with the conductor spacing.
Step 9
Lift the auxiliary crossarm into position against the pole.
Clamp to both saddles. This can be done using a rope from
the top of the auxiliary crossarm over the top snubbing
bracket.
Step 10
Attach rope blocks between top snubbing bracket and bottom
of the auxiliary crossarm.
Step 11
Using a tie stick to guide the conductors and working
between the wing nuts on the saddles and the rope blocks
raise the auxiliary crossarm until the conductors rest in the
fork wireholders. Check that the safety latch trips and locks
the conductors into the wireholders.
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Step 12
Lock off saddles and tie off rope blocks.
Step 13
Complete the unbinding of the conductors.
Step 14
Raise the auxiliary crossarm and conductors by working
between the wing nuts on the saddles and the rope blocks to
provide safe working clearance at the pole top.
Step 15
Lock off saddles and tie off rope blocks
The pole top is now clear and the red band can be
removed.
Step 16
Remove the dressing from the old pole and dress the new
pole.
Step 17
Shroud the crossarm of the new pole in preparation for
replacing conductors.
At this stage the old pole should be felled.
Step 18
Replace the red band 0.8m below the lowest conductor.
Step 19
Lower the auxiliary crossarm and conductors by working
between wing nuts on the saddles and the rope blocks until
the conductors rest on the insulators.
Step 20
Lock off saddles and tie off rope blocks.
Step 21
Apply helical ties to bind the conductors to the insulators as
described in Procedure WL1.132.
Step 22
Open the latches on the fork wire holders and lower the
auxiliary crossarm clear of the conductors.
Step 23
Drop the auxiliary crossarm from the pole. This can be done
with a rope from the top of the auxiliary crossarm over the
top snubbing bracket.
Step 24
Remove all Apparatus from pole. Ensure that all pieces of
debris have been picked up. Check all tools and equipment,
clean with a dry rag and stow away.
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11.7.4
Replacement of Crossarm or Insulator
If crossarm or insulator change only is required the work will be done
from the existing pole in which case mark the pole with a red band 0.8m
below the lowest conductor. The procedure as Step 1 to Step 24 should be
carried out omitting old pole felling and with Step 16 being modified to
replace the crossarm or insulator as required after removing the red band.
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