Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors - Performance Characteristics
The EIA Standard for ceramic dielectric capacitors (RS-198C) divides into three classes.
CDE multilayer ceramic capacitors are available in the three most popular temperature characteristics:
COG: Class I (Also known as 'NPO')
Temperature Compensating capacitors,
suitable for resonant circuits where stable
capacitance and high Q are necessary. They
are made of non ferro-electric materials
yielding superior stability and low volumetric
efficiency.
X7R: Class II
Stable capacitors, made of ferro-electric
materials, yielding higher volumetric efficiency
but less stability.These capacitors are suitable
for by-pass or coupling applications where
stability and Q are not a major factor.
Parameter
COG (NPO)
Z5U: Class III
General Purpose capacitors, suitable for bypass coupling where dielectric losses, high insulation resistance and stability are not required.Made of ferro-electric materials, Class III capacitors have the lowest stability, but the highest volumetric efficiency.
X7R
Z5U
Temperature Characteristics:
Range, ºC:......................................................................................................-55ºC to +125ºC ........................-55°C to +125ºC ................... +10ºC to +85ºC
Capacitance change without DC voltage: .....................................................0 ±30 PPM/ºC * ............................... ±15 %.............................+22 %, -56 %
Aging Rate: %ΔC / Decade Hour, Maximum:. ...............................................................0 % .......................................... 2.5 %....................................5.0 %
Dissipation Factor:
Test Conditions @ 25ºC: .................................................................... >1000 pF w/1.0 vrms @ 1 kHz. ........w/ 1.0 vrms @ 1 kHz. .......... w/ 0.5 vrms @ 1 kHz.
≤1000 pF w/1.0 vrms @ 1 MHz.
Limits:................................................................................................................ 0.15 % Max. ...............................2.5 % Max. .......................... 3.0 % Max..
Insulation Resistance (IR):
At rated voltage, whichever is smaller:....................................................... 1000 megohms x µF................. 1000 megohms x µF............ 1000 megohms x µF
or 100 gigaohms
or 100 gigaohms
or 10 gigaohms
Moisture Resistance: EIA RS-198C, Method B2, Condition A
(10 cycles without applied voltage)
Post test limits @ 25ºC, whichever is smaller: ................................................... 100 megohms x µF................... 100 megohms x µF .............. 100 megohms x µF
or 10 gigaohms
or 10 gigaohms
or 1 gigaohm
Immersion Cycling: EIA RS-198C Method D2, Condition A
(2 cycles @ 15 minutes each. Each cycle consists of immersion
in hot bath @ 65ºC followed by immersion in cold tap water.)
Post test limits @ 25ºC :
Insulation Resistance, whichever is smaller:............................................... 100 megohms x µF................... 100 megohms x µF.............. 100 megohms x µF
or 10 gigaohms
or 10 gigaohms
or 1 gigaohm
Life Test: - 1000 Hrs.
Test Potential and Temperature:................................................................... 200 % V @ 125ºC.....................200 % V @ 125ºC ................ 150 % V @ 85ºC
Post test limits @ 25ºC:
Capacitance Change, whichever is greater:..................................................... ±2% or 0.5pF ..................... ±20% of initial value** ..........±30 % of initial value**
Dissipation Factor:............................................................................................. 0.25 % Max. ...............................3.0 % Max. ...........................4.0 % Max.
Insulation Resistance,whichever is smaller:................................................ 100 megohms x µF................... 100 megohms x µF .............. 100 megohms x µF
or 10 gigaohms
or 10 gigaohms
or 1 gigaohm
Dielectric Strength 2.5 times rated voltage with current limited to 50 mA.
** X7R and Z5U dielectrics exhibit aging characteristics; therefore, it is
highly recommended that capacitors be de-aged for 2 hours @ 150ºC
and stabilized at room temperature for 48 hours before capacitor
measurements are made.
* 60 PPM!C below 10pF nominal.
+53 PPM -30 PPM/ºC from +25ºC to -55ºC comparable to MIL-C-20
Effect of Applied Voltage
+10
+5
0
-5
4
3
2
1
AC
DC
1
10
AC or DC Volts Applied
100
Typical Effect of 1000 Hz AC and DC Voltage Level
on Capacitance and Dissipation Factor - Z5U
0
-20
AC
-40
DC
-60
DC
-10
0.1
+20
Percent
Capacitance Change
AC
Percent
DF
Percent
DF
Percent
Capacitance Change
Typical Effect of 1000 Hz AC and DC Voltage Level
on Capacitance and Dissipation Factor - X7R
4
3
2
AC
1
0.1
DC
1
10
AC or DC Volts Applied
100
Note: COG Dielectric capacitance and dissipation factor are stable with voltage
CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors - Performance Characteristics
Effect of Temperature
Impedance vs. Frequency
+0.2
0.20
%� C
%ΔC
100.000
%ΔC
%� C
0
0.10
%DF
%DF
+0.1
-0.1
-20
0
20
40
60
Temperature �C
80
0.0
125
100
Impedance - Ohms
-0.2
-55 -40
+20
8.0
+10
6.0
%� C
%ΔC
0
-10
4.0
-40
-20
0
20 40 60 80
Temperature �C
1.000
0.100
0.010
0
100 120 140
0.001
0.1
1.0
Capacitance & DF vs. Temperature - X7R
+20
-20
4.0
-40
0.1�µF
10.000
20
30
40
50
60
Temperature �C
70
0
100
80
Impedance - Ohms
10
Capacitance & DF vs. Temperature - Z5U
Capacitance
Effect of Time
100%
98%
96%
94%
92%
90%
88%
86%
84%
82%
80%
78%
76%
74%
1K
100.000
2.0
%DF
-60
0
100.0
6.0
%ΔC
%� C
%DF
%� C
10.0
Frequency - MHz
Impedance vs. Frequency for
COG Dielectric
8.0
0
.001�µF
2.0
%DF
-20
-60
%DF
Capacitance & DF vs. Temperature - COG
%� C
%ΔC
.01�µF
10.000
0.01�µF
1.0�µF
1.000
0.100
X7R
0.010
Z5U
0.001
0.1
1.0
10.0
Frequency - MHz
100.0
1K
Impedance vs. Frequency for
X7R Dielectric
1
10
100
1000
10K
100K
100.000
Typical Aging Rates for X7R and Z5U
µ
0.1eFF
10.000
Capacitance & DF vs. Frequency - COG
%ΔC
%� C
0
-0.2
100
+5
1K
100K
10K
Frequency - Hertz
1M
0.0
10M
Capacitance & DF vs. Frequency - X7R & Z5U
%� C
%ΔC
-5
-10
-15
100
10
5.0
2.5
%DF
1K
100K
10K
Frequency - Hertz
1M
1.000
1.0�µF
0.100
0.010
0.001
0.1
7.5
+0
%� C
%ΔC
0.10
%DF
-0.1
%DF
+0.1
%� C
%ΔC
0.20
%DF
+0.2
Impedance - Ohms
Effect of Frequency
1.0
10.0
Frequency - MHz
100.0
1K
Impedance vs. Frequency for
Z5U Dielectric
0.0
10M
CDE Cornell Dubilier • 1605 E. Rodney French Blvd. • New Bedford, MA 02744 • Phone: (508)996-8561 • Fax: (508)996-3830 • www.cde.com