Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Three Winding Coupled Inductor Based Interleaved High Step
Up Converter
Bindu K V1, NagaraniB1, JudeManoj A2, Justus Rabi B3
1
RMK College of Engineering and Technology, India
2
Siemens Ltd, India
3
ShriAndalAlagar College of Engineering, India
E-mail: bindukv1@rediffmail.com
Abstract
This paper presents a three winding coupled inductor based interleaved high step up
converter for fuel cell based applications. The main aim is to reduce the ripple voltage on
output side and to increase the output voltage. Also, the design is to reduce the voltage stress
in order to achieve the ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) and to reduce the leakage current in
soft switching method. Converter is designed for high frequency range of 20 kHz is
simulated. The output side connects the T-filter to reduce the output ripple voltage. The
converter achieves high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage
stress on the power switch. By adjusting the turn s ratio of coupled inductor high step up
gain can be achieved. Additionally, the energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled
inductor can be recycled to the output capacitor. Low rated switch with low RDS-ON
reduces conduction losses. Circuit simulations of open loop results are presented and are
shown to have excellent agreement with the fundamental analysis.
Keywords: Ripple voltage, coupled inductor, duty ratio, step up converter
INTRODUCTION
cell energy conversion of conventional
In recent years, high voltage gain dc dc
systems, automobile HID headlamps, and
boost converters play more and more
some medical equipments [1 8]. In these
important
industry
applications, a classical boost converter is
applications such as uninterrupted power
normally used, but the voltage stress of the
supplies,
distributed
main switch is equal to the high output
photovoltaic (PV) generation systems, fuel
voltage; hence, a high-voltage rating
1
role
electric
in
many
traction,
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
switch with high on-resistance should be
interleaved high step up and comprises of
used, generating high conduction losses.
the literature survey, objective and the
In addition, an extremely high duty cycle
organization of report. The circuit diagram
will results in large conduction losses on
with system configuration and operating
the power device and serious reverse
principle and control principle of the
recovery problems. To achieve a high
Three Winding Coupled Inductor Based
conversion ratio without operating at
interleaved high step up Converter.The
extremely high duty ratio, some converters
simulation of a Three Winding Coupled
based
coupled
Inductor Based interleaved high step up
inductors or tapped inductors are used.
Converter is performed and its simulation
The proposed circuit deal with parallel
results and output waveforms are studied.
input, serial output boost converter .The
The hardware and experimental result of
aim of the design to reduced the voltage
Three Winding Coupled Inductor Based
stress to achieving the ZVS. The aim of
interleaved high step up Converter, power
this paper is to design and to simulate
supply, control circuit, driver, Mosfet and
three winding coupled inductor based
power
parallel
boost
Nasrudinrahim et al. (2010) proposed a
converter. By adjusting the turn s ratio of
Multi string Five-Level Inverter with
coupled inductor high step up gain can be
Novel PWM Control Scheme for PV
achieved additionally, the energy stored in
Application. It uses multi-string PV panels
the leakage inductor of the coupled
and Multi level inverter topology (FIVE
inductor can be recycled to the output
LEVEL) 0,+1/2Vdc, Vdc, -1/2Vdc, Vdc.
capacitor. As a result, the conventional
Double Sine waveform taken as reference
boost converter would not be acceptable
for
for realizing high step-up voltage gain
modulation.
(Vout≥8·Vin) along with high efficiency.
processor used
Many non isolated topologies have been
generation. It gives less total harmonic
researched to achieve a high conversion
distortion and nearly unity power factor.
on
transformers
input,
serial
or
output
circuit
PWM
are
generation
explained.
as
TMS320F2812
for
triggering
ratio and avoid operating at extremely
high-duty cycle.
The paper deals with a brief
introduction with the designing of a Three
Winding
2
Coupled
Inductor
like
Based
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delta
DSP
signal
Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed circuit deal with parallel
input, serial output boost converter. The
aim of the design to reduced the voltage
stress to achieving the ZVS. The aim of
this paper is to design and to simulate
three winding coupled inductor based
parallel
Fig. 1: Existing Circuit Diagram.
input,
serial
output
boost
converter. By adjusting the turn s ratio of
coupled inductor high step up gain can be
High voltage gain dc dc boost converters
achieved. Additionally, the energy stored
play more and more important role in
in the leakage inductor of the coupled
many
as
inductor can be recycled to the output
uninterrupted power supplies, electric
capacitor. Three winding coupled inductor
traction, distributed photovoltaic (PV)
based interleaved high step up converter is
generation systems, fuel cell energy
used
conversion
systems,
composed of a Boundary conduction mode
automobile HID headlamps, and some
(BCM) and discontinuous conduction
medical
these
mode (DCM) control strategies are widely
applications, a classical boost converter is
used for the fly back micro inverter.This
normally used, but the voltage stress of the
the conventional method single stage fly
main switch is equal to the high output
back converter. It consists of a half-bridge
voltage; hence, a high-voltage rating
inverter in primary side and a fly back
switch with high on-resistance should be
rectifier that is integrated with an auxiliary
used, generating high conduction losses.
buck converter in secondary side and more
In addition, an extremely high duty cycle
conduction
will results in large conduction losses on
strategies
the power device and serious reverse
interleaved
recovery problems.
concentrating on the loss analysis under
industry
of
applications
conventional
equipments
[2 8].
such
In
to Achieve High Efficiency is
loss.The
are
fly
PWM
investigated
back
micro
different load conditions.
3
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control
for
the
inverter
Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Fig. 2: Proposed Circuit Diagram.
DC DC BOOST CONVERTER
will results in large conduction losses on
In recent years, high voltage gain dc dc
the power device and serious reverse
boost converters play more and more
recovery problems.
important
industry
As a result, the conventional boost
applications such as uninterrupted power
converter would not be acceptable for
supplies,
realizing
role
electric
in
many
traction,
distributed
high
step-up
voltage
gain
photovoltaic (PV) generation systems, fuel
(Vout≥8·Vin) along with high efficiency.
cell energy conversion of conventional
Many non isolated topologies have been
systems, automobile HID headlamps, and
researched to achieve a high conversion
some medical equipments [2 8]. In these
ratio and avoid operating at extremely
applications, a classical boost converter is
high-duty cycle. However, more switched
normally used, but the voltage stress of the
capacitor or switched-inductor stages will
main switch is equal to the high output
be necessary for an extremely large
voltage; hence, a high-voltage rating
conversion ratio, resulting in higher cost
switch with high on-resistance should be
and complex circuit. The quadratic boost
used, generating high conduction losses.
converter using a single active switch is
In addition, an extremely high duty cycle
another interesting topology for extending
4
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
the voltage gain, where the voltage
To achieve a high conversion ratio without
conversion ratio is given as a quadratic
operating at extremely high duty ratio,
function of the duty ratio [4 6]. However,
some converters based on transformers or
the voltage gain of this converter is
coupled inductors or tapped inductors
moderate since the output voltage level is
have been researched. The conventional
determined only by the duty cycle
fly back converter is usually adopted for
.Moreover, if the components used are
achieving high voltage gain by adjusting
ideal ones , the voltage stress of the active
the turn s ratio of the transformer.
switch is equal to the output voltage. Thus,
However, the leakage inductor of the
in high output voltage applications, a high-
transformer may not only cause high
voltage rating switch should be selected.
voltage spikes on the power device, but
In, an improved quadratic boost converter
also induce energy losses. In order to
using a coupled inductor and voltage-lift
improve aforementioned problems, series
techniques is presented, and the authors
capacitor diode snubber can be used, but
suggest
coupling
the leakage inductor energy is dissipated.
coefficient of the coupled inductor for low
Although, active clamped techniques can
input current ripple [9, 10].
release high voltage spikes and reduce
how
to
optimal
switching losses, an additional active
THREE
WINDING
COUPLED
INDUCTOR BASED INTERLEAVED
switch leads to complex structures and
control
HIGH STEP UP CONVERTER
Fig.3: Three Winding Coupled Inductor Based Interleaved High Step up Converter.
5
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Many boost converters based on a coupled
The features of the proposed converter are
inductor or
voltage gain is efficiently increased by a
tapped inductor
provide
solutions to achieve a high voltage gain,
coupled
and low voltage stress on the active switch
winding of the coupled inductor is inserted
without the penalty of high duty ratio
into
.However,
not
extending the voltage gain dramatically; a
continuous. Particularly, as the turn ratio
passive clamped circuit is connected to the
of the coupled inductor or tapped inductor
primary winding of the coupled inductor
is
voltage
to clamp the voltage across the active
conversion ratio, the input current ripple
switch to lower voltage level. As a result,
becomes larger. Thereby, an input filter is
the power devices with low voltage rating
inserted into a coupled-inductor boost
and low on-state resistance RDS (ON) can
converter. In order to satisfy the extremely
be selected. On the other hand, this diode
high step-up applications and low input
capacitor circuit is useful to increase
current ripple, a cascaded high step-up
voltage conversion ratio; the leakage
converter with an individual input inductor
inductance energy of coupled inductor can
was proposed, which can be divided as a
be recycled, improving the efficiency; and
basic boost converter and a boost-fly back
the potential resonance
converter. In this paper, a novel single
leakage inductance and the junction
switch dc dc converter with high voltage
capacitor
gain is presented.
cancelled.
the
increased
FEATURES
CONVERTER
6
input current is
to
extend
OF
the
PROPOSED
a
inductor and
the
diode-capacitor
of
output
for
Mode1
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further
between the
diode
MODES OF OPERATION
secondary
may
be
Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Fig.4: Mode I-of Three Winding Coupled Inductor Based Interleaved High Step up
Converter.
Mode 2
Fig.5: Mode 2 Two Stage Fly Back Converter.
In mode1 the Power switch s1, s2 is on, the
voltage. In Mode2 the Switch s2 is off,
magnetizing inductor (Lm1, Lm2) and
diode D2,D4
leakage inductance are charged by source
magnetising inductor is transferred to
7
is ON, energy stored
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in
Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
capacitor C3,Vin, Lm, Lk, voltage lift
Where
Vpk=peak
capacitor Cb release energy to C1 through
secondary pulses
D1. The DC output voltage is given by:
Vout= (Vin-Vswitch)*(Cs/Cp)-Vrect--- (2)
amplitude
of
the
Vout =Vpk*(Ton/Tper) -------------- (1)
SIMULATION CIRCUIT AND RESULTS
Fig. 6: Simulation Circuit.
The Simulation circuit and the results are shown in Figure 6 and the results output voltage,
Output ripple voltage of the coupled inductor based boost converter conventional method
generating more ripple voltage 5V., Output current and Output power of the conventional
circuit are shown in Figures 6 10 respectively.
Time (sec)
Fig. 7: Output Voltage.
8
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Fig. 8:Output
Ripple Voltage.
Time(sec)
Time (Sec)
Fig. 9: Output Current.
Time (sec)
Fig. 10: Output Current.
Fig. 11: Simulation Model of Proposed Circuit.
9
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Time (seconds)
Fig. 12: Switching Pulse.
The Simulation model of proposed circuit and the results are shown in Figure11 and the results
switching pulses, output voltage, Output ripple voltage of the coupled inductor based boost
converter proposed method generating less ripple voltage 5V. Output current and Output
power of the conventional circuit are shown in Figures12 16 respectively.
Time (sec)
Fig. 13: Output Voltages.
Time
Fig. 14: Output Ripple Voltage.
10
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Time
Fig. 15: Output Current.
Time (sec)
Fig. 16: Output Power.
Table1: Comparison of Coupled Inductor based Boost Converter.
Converter
Vin
Vo
Io
Vr
Conventional
40v
204v
1.1A
5v
Proposed
40v
420v
2.4A
0.5V
Table 2: Parameters Used in the Simulation Studies.
Parameters
Value
Vs (Input Voltage)
40V
V0(Output Voltage)
420V
Fs (Switching Frequency)
20KHz
L1 and L2
2.6mH
Capacitance c0
20µF
R (Load Resistance)
500Ω
Table 2 shows the parameter used in the
is processed using a PWM controller. The
design of PWM controller in the open
increase in the output voltage is nullified
loop. The input voltage is 40V, the output
by reducing the pulse width applied to the
is sensed and it is increased to 420V. This
MOSFET of the controlled converter.
11
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Here, a conventional PWM controller as
placed over a channel, but separated from
the simplest open-loop is designed to
the channel by a thin layer of insulating
determine the firing angle to control the
silicon dioxide.
output voltage. For this purpose, first, the
voltage
error
signal,
which
the
A simplified diagram of the N-channel
difference of the reference and measured
enhancement MOSFETS is shown in
voltages, is determined by Eq. (3)
Figure. Drain and source connections are
-----------------
is
(3)
made to higher conduction high doped
Where Vref is reference voltage and V
regions. The metal gate is electrically
means is the actual measured output
isolated from the P-type substrate by a
voltage. The following sections describe
layer of non-conducting silicon oxide
the components used and their properties
(SiO2).When a positive voltage is applied
affecting the design of multi level inverter.
to the gate with respect to the source an
The
Oxide
electric field will be created pointing away
Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors by
from the base and across the P-region
the far most common field effect transistor
directly under the base. The electric field
in both digital and analog circuits. The
will cause positive charges in the P-region
MOSFET is composed of a channel of n-
to move away from the base inducing or
type or p-type semiconductor material and
enhancing an N-region in its place.
is accordingly called as NMOSFET or a
Conduction can then take place between
PMOSFET.
many
the N+ (drain) N (enhanced region) N+
electrical
(source).Increasing or decreasing in size
properties than silicon such as gallium
thus controlling conduction. Varying the
arsenide do not form good gate oxides and
voltage between the gate and body
thus are not suitable for MOSFETS. The
modulates the conductivity of this layer
gate terminal is a layer of poly silicon
and makes it possible to control the
(polycrystalline silicon) or aluminums
current flow between drain and sources.
MOSFET
semiconductors
12
or
Metal
Unfortunately,
with
better
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
Fig. 17: Control Circuit.
In practice, a fairly large current in the
faster switching speeds can be obtained
order of 1-2A can be required to charge
with well designed gate driver circuits.
the gate capacitance at turn ON to ensure
CONCLUSION
that switching times are small. Due to gate
The above paper discussed parallel input
leakage current, nano-amps are needed to
serial output boost converter under various
maintain the gate voltage once the device
scenarios such as, ripple voltage, voltage
is ON.A negative voltage is often applied
stress, voltage gain, output power are
at turn OFF to discharge the gate for
analyzed
speedy switch OFF. It is obvious that
MATLAB/SIMULINK.
and
simulated
The
using
output
voltage and voltage ripple of conventional
13
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Journal of Advancements in Material Engineering
Volume 1 Issue 1
and proposed boost converter have been
cell. IEEE Trans. Power Electron.
presented. Using these result comparisons
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between two phase and single phase
5. L.S. Yang, T.J. Liang, H. C. Lee, J. F.
interleaved boost converter has been done.
Chen. Novel high step-up DC DC
The advantage of proposed converter is
converter with coupled-inductor and
high voltage gain, high output voltage,
voltage-doubler circuits. IEEE Trans.
reduced ripple voltage and voltage stress
Ind. Electron. 2011; 58(9): 4196
of switch and diode. Thus three winding
4206p.
coupled inductor based parallel input,
6. S.Dwari, L. Parsa. An efficient high-
serial output boost converter is best suited
step-up interleaved DC DC converter
for PV application.
with a common active clamp. IEEE
Trans. Power Electron. 2011; 26(1):
66 78p.
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