Performance analysis of coupled inductor based
Quadratic boost converter
Divya Navamani.J
Lincey Cherian
Vijayakumar.K
Lavanya.A
AP, EEE department
SRM university
Kattankulathur, India
Mtech student
SRM university
Kattankulathur, India
Prof, EEE department
SRM university
Kattankulathur, India
AP, EEE department
SRM university
Kattankulathur, India
4]. In [5], passive regenerative snubber incorporated
coupled inductor based converter is proposed. In case
the input voltage is higher than the switch rated
voltage, this converter cannot be applied to the low
voltage power sources. Three winding couple
inductor is constructed to achieve high voltage gain
and to increase the utility rate of magnetic core [6].
Unfortunately clamping circuit quite complicated. By
adopting coupled inductor with additional
commutation circuit, a ZVT interleaved boost
converter is proposed. But they are complex due to
two power switches [7]. General law and structure of
winding cross-coupled inductor is described for DCDC conversion in high step up/step down application.
However, the voltage stress on the output diode is
found to be higher than the output voltage [8][9].
Coupled inductor and voltage lift techniques are
integrated to achieve high voltage conversion ratio
with current spike suppressing circuit [9]. But the
voltage gain is increased by sevenfold for n=3 and
d=0.5. However the proposed converter has
minimum number of components to achieve high
voltage gain compared to other coupled inductor
based converter in literature.
This paper is organized as follows. A
family of proposed high step- up coupled inductor
based dc-dc converters are given in section 2. Modes
of operation of the proposed topology are presented
in section 3. Steady state analysis with SFG is given
in section 4. Comparison of proposed converter with
other converter in literature is given in section 5.
Conclusion is given in the section 6.
Abstract— This paper introduces a high gain DC-DC
converter for HID lamps used in automotive
applications as head lamps. A family of coupled
inductor based high step-up converters is introduced
and their voltage conversion ratio is derived. In the
proposed topologies, a topology with minimal
component count is selected and analyzed completely.
Steady state analysis of the converter is studied and it is
compared with another couple inductor based
topologies on literature to confirm its superiority.
Simulation is carried out and the results are presented.
Keywords— coupled inductor, high step-up, voltage
gain, voltage stress, SFG
I.
INTRODUCTION
There are several applications like Electric
vehicles, Fuel cell, HID lamps depend on nonisolated DC-DC converters to achieve high voltage
gain. Initially traditional boost converter was used for
those applications. However many demerits are
obtained in the classical boost converters like reverse
recovery problem, limited step-up ratio, high
switching losses etc. In the last decade many
topologies were introduced in the literature to achieve
high voltage gain suitable for those applications.
Isolated coupled inductor based DC-DC
converter is proposed in the year 1997 as current fed
multi resonant converter (CF-MRC) to high voltage
gain. However, CF-MRC suffers with high voltage
stress across the switches. Thus CF-MRC is limited
to the application of low voltage input sources [1].A
family of clamp mode coupled inductor based DCDC converters is proposed with high efficiency and
the clamp circuit is made up of diode and capacitor
[2].Series connected boost-flyback to increase the
voltage gain and efficiency of the converter [3]. Wai
and Duan investigated a high gain converter with
high conversion efficiency over a wide load range
[4]. High voltage gain is limited to certain extent [2-
978-1-4244-xxxx-x/09/$25.00 ©2009 IEEE
II.
FAMILY OF QUADRATIC BOOST CONVERTER
A Family of quadratic boost converter with
coupled inductor is derived by integrating switched
capacitor, voltage doubler and voltage multiplier and
so on. Steady state analysis is carried out and voltage
conversion ratio of each converter is obtained.
10
Fig 1 gives various coupled inductor based step-up
converter for HID headlamps. Topology 1(TP-1) is derived by
integrating switched capacitor cell. Topology 2(TP-2) is
derived by integrating flyback converter. Topology 3(TP-3) is
derived by integrating voltage multiplier cell. Topology 4(TP4) is derived by integrating voltage doubler cell.
III.
PROPOSED TOPOLGY
Fig.2 illustrates the topology of the proposed converter,
which consists of main switch SW, inductor (L ), Coupled
inductor, Diodes (D , D , D , D and capacitor ( C ,
C , C There are several modes during one switching cycle.
But two predominant modes are taken for analysis. The Modes
of operation in continuous conduction mode with current flow
path are shown in Fig 3.
1 + n(1 + D)
V
=
[1 − D]
V
(a)
V
n
=
V
[1 − D]
Fig 2: Proposed topology
(b)
Mode I : The switch SW is conducting at this mode. The input
inductor L is charged by the input DC source and the
magnetizing inductor L is charged in parallel by the
capacitorC . It is similar to Quadratic boost converter with
switch in conducting state. Output voltage is obtained from
the output capacitor. Current flow path in this mode is given in
fig 3(a).
Mode II : During this mode the switch SW is off state. The
energy accumulated in the inductors L , L is transmitted to
the output capacitor C through the diodeD . Output voltage
is the summation of energy stored in coupling capacitor and
voltage across coupled inductor. Current flow path in this
mode is given in fig 3(b).
1 + nD
V
=
[1 − D]
V
(c)
(a)
V
n
=
[1 − D]
V
(d)
Fig 1: (a) TP-1 (b) TP-2 (c) TP-3 (d) TP-4
11
Table 1: Average and maximum value of voltage and current
Parameter
(b)
Fig : 3 (a) Mode-1 (b) Mode-2
IV.
STEADY STATE ANALYSIS
Fig 4: SFG for steady state analysis without parasitic
= V =V
=V –V
−V
=V
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
)
V
)
(
),
(
)
)=
),
(
V
I
),
(
,V
(
(
V
(
(
)
)
I
(
)=
I
(
)
I
(
)=
I
(
)
I
(
)
I
(
)
I
(
(
),
)
Equivalent circuit is drawn by considering all the parasitic
related to the converter and it is shown in fig 4. Switching
flow graph for the equivalent circuit is obtained and it is given
in fig 5.
(1 − D) = 0
V D + V –V
=
(
),
(
B. Steady state anaysis with parasitics
Applying flux balance on inductor
Combining equation (1) and (3)
V
)
I
Voltage across the inductor in on and off condition
(
I
A. Steady state anaysis without parasitics
Fig 4 gives the switching flow graph for proposes topology
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Average and
Maximum value
V
1−D
V
(1 − D)
V
1−D
2nV
1−D
[1 + n(1 − D)]I
(1 − D)
I
1−D
[2 + n − D(1 + n)I
(1 − D)
[1 + n(1 − D)]DI
(1 − D)
[1 + n(1 − D)]I
1−D
I
V
(5)
1−D
Combining equation (2) and (4)
V
V
D + V
− V (1 − D) = 0
V
=
(6)
(1 − D)
The Output voltage
V =V
+V
=
Fig 4 Proposed t topology with parasitic
V
nV +
(1 − D)
1−D
The Voltage conversion ratio is
V
1 + n(1 − D)
=
(7)
V
(1 − D)
Equation (7) gives voltage conversion ratio of the
proposed topology. Table 1 gives the average and maximum
value of the components.
Fig 5: SFG for steady state analysis with parasitic
12
2L f
R
The voltage conversion ratio of the proposed topology with
parasitic component:
(
(
V =
∆
(
))
)
V − V D − V (1 − D)
(8)
K
Where
1
[∆ (1 − D) + ∆ (1 − D) + ∆ (1 − D)
R (1 − D)
+ ∆ ](9)
∆=
∆ = n(r
(1 − D) D
1 + n(1 − D)M
D
(14)
(15)
M
Equation 12 and 15 decide the operating modes of the
proposed converter. The magnetizing inductance should be
more than 0.15mH and the input inductor should be more than
0.015mH to ensure the CCM operation of the proposed
converter.
+r )
∆ = nr (D + 1 + n(1 − D)
∆ = n(1 + n(1 − D))[r + r D + r D + r (1 − D)]
+r D
∆ = (1 + n(1 − D))[r + r D + r D + r (1 − D)]
C. Boundary condition for manetizing inductor
inductor ::
and input
The condition for magnetizing inductor L to operate in CCM
is as follows:
2I
= Dc component current of i
∆i
= Peak to peak current of i
2V
(1 − D)R
2L f
R
K
K
K
Applying flux balance on inductor:
V D + V –V
V (1 − D)DT
(10)
1 + n(1 − D)L
(1 − D) D
(11)
1 + n(1 − D)
= Dc component current of i
∆i
= Peak to peak current of i
2M
V
R
V
=
=
(D ) = 0(16)
(D − D)
D
D + (V − V )(D ) = 0
V
nD
D
V
= 1 +
+ (n − 1)
(17)
D
D
V
The voltage conversion ratio of the proposed converter in
discontinuous conduction mode:
∆i
I
V
nV
D
(D ) = 0
V (D + D )
D
D + V
−V
V
(12)
M
The condition for magnetizing inductor L to operate in CCM
is as follows:
2I VsD
D. Steady state anaysis in discontinuous conduction mode:
∆i
I
Fig 6: K
V
nD (n − 1)
= 1 +
+
(18)
A
A
V
whereA = V (1 − D) DT
(13)
1 + n(1 − D)L
τ
13
=
L f
R
2(1 + n(1 − D))τ
D (1 − D)
V.
COMPARISON OF PROPOSED TOPOLOGY AND SIMULATED
RESULTS
The comparison in Table 2 are performed with
P=40W, V =12V, V =120 V and f = 60kHz and the
results of the comparison are concluded as follows:
Voltage
gain
2(1 + nD)
1−D
1 + (2n − 1)D
1−D
Voltage
stress across
switch
V
(1 − D)
V +V
2
1 + n(1 −
(1 − D)
V
2
A. Static gain
Table 2 shows the comparison of proposed converter
with Coupled inductor with Active Network Converter (CLANC) [14], Coupled inductor with voltage doubler converter
[15]. Fig 7 shows the graphical comparison of voltage gain
between converters. The proposed converter has high voltage
gain compared to other converters taken for comparison. It is
found that voltage conversion ratio is about 13 times that of
the line voltage for the duty cycle 0.6.
(a)
(b)
Fig 7: Graph between Voltage gain versus duty cycle
B. Main switch voltage stress
From the table 2 comparative studies on voltage
stress on switch for proposed converter with other converters
are made. The voltage stress across the switch in the proposed
converter is less compared to other converters taken for
comparison. However, the voltage stress is found to be
increased in the proposed topology for the duty cycle greater
than 0.6 compared to the converter in [14].
(c)
Fig 8: Simulation results (a) Inductor current (b) Capacitor voltage (c) diode
currents
Simulation results of the proposed topology are given in the
fig 8. Inductor and diode currents are given in fig 8(a) and (c).
Capacitor voltage waveforms are given in fig 8(b).
VI.
A non-isolated DC-DC converter is derived by
integrating quadratic boost converter with coupled inductor.
The proposed converter has coupled inductor with less number
of components which lead to compact size and light weight
and best suited for HID headlamps. The features of this
converter include high voltage conversion ratio, low voltage
stress on the semiconductor devices and high efficiency.
Ripple free input current is another advantage of the proposed
topology and is recommended in the applications with battery
powered source. This feature improves the efficiency and life
of the battery.
Table 2: Comparison of proposed topology
Parameter
Inductor
Coupled
inductor
Switch
Diode
Capacitor
Converter
in [14]
--2
2
6
2
Converter in
[15]
--1
2
4
2
CONCLUSION
Proposed
1
1
1
4
3
14
[15] Lung-sheng yang, Tsorng-juu Liang et al., “Novel high step-up DC-DC
converter with coupled inductor and voltage doubler circuits” IEEE
Transactions on industrial Electronics,2011, Vol.58, Iss.9,pp 4196 4206.
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