International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
“Mechanical Characterization of Na-MMT Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polyester Resin Composite”
Manoj Mohbe1, Prof. Praveen Singh2, Dr. S.K. Jain2
1
2
Manoj Mohbe M.Tech final year BUIT Bhopal, manojmohbe@gmail.com
Prof. Praveen Singh Professor Department of mechanical Engineering BUIT Bhopal
2
Dr. S.K. Jain Senior Technical Officer CIPET Bhopal
Abstract - In this study of the effect of (Na-MMT) nanoclay
on GRP composite is to be investigated in order to improve
the mechanical properties of GRP composite. This
investigatio0n carried out by preparing thin sheets of GRP
composite with varying the content of Na-MMT by weight of
polyester resin. There is no variation of quantity of glass fiber;
it remains same for all the sheets. 1%, 2% and 3% weight of
polyester resin is replaced by the weight of Na-MMT. The
sheets are prepared by hand layup method. The investigation
of all the standard specimens of different composition show
that the mechanical strength such as tensile strength, impact
strength and flexural strength is improves with the increment
of quantity of Na-MMT.
Keywords- Na-MMT,
Nanocomposite
reinforced,
Polyester,
Sr. no.
Sheet
name
Polyester
resin
Glass
fiber
1
2
3
4
GRP
GRPN1
GRPN2
GRPN3
60
59
58
57
40
40
40
40
Hybrid
I. INTRODUCTION
Nanoclays are modified silicates used as a hybride
material due to their use in wide range of application such
as polymer nanocomposites. These are o two type natural
and synthetic, the most common synthetic material used in
polymer nanocomposite is montmorillonite which is the
major component of bentonite. In this study we added
small amount of Na-MMT (sodium montmorillonite) by
weight of polyester resin in GRP (glass fiber reinforced
polyester resin with an object to increase the mechanical
strength such as flexural strength, impact strength and
tensile strength.To attend the goal we prepared four
different sheets of GRP (glass fiber reinforced polyester
resin) by hand layup method of different compositions. One
sheet is general GRP and remaining three are modified of
varying percentage of Na-MMT. This percentage of weight
of Na-MMT is replaced by the weight of polyester resin.
The composition and names of all the sheets are as.
(a) GRP
(b) GRP1
(c)GRPN2
(d) GRPN3
Fig. 1
702
NaMMT
(% of
resin)
00
01
02
03
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
II. EXPERIMENTAL
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Tensile test
After performing all the experiments the following
readings are obtained.
Testing method - ASTM- D638
1.
Flexural test
Type of specimen - 1
Test speed
For finding the exact value of flexural test two readings
are taken for each composition so that the errors may be
minimize.
- 50 mm/min
Test condition
o
o
Temperature - 23 ± 20C
Humidity
- 55 ± 5%
Flexural Test
Testing method - ASTM- D790
(a)
Specimen size
- 127mm X 12.7mm X 3 mm
Test speed
- 1.13 mm/min
GRP
Test condition
o
o
Temperature - 23 ± 20C
Humidity - 55 ± 5%
(b)
GRPN1
(c)
GRPN2
(d)
GRPN3
Notched izod impact test
Testing method - ASTM- D256
Specimen size
- 127mm X 12.7mm X 3 mm
Test condition
o
o
Temperature - 23 ± 20C
Humidity - 55 ± 5%
Fig. 2
703
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
Fig. 2 shows the graphs plotted between flexural load
and flexural extension for different compositions. Fig. 2 (a)
, (b) , (c) and (d) represent the load verses flexural
extension for GRP, GRP1, GRP2 and GRP3 respectively.
Maximum flexural stress = 201.85136 Mpa
Minimum flexural stress = 185.87231 Mpa
GRP
Sr.
no.
1
2
Average flexural stress
Width
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Span
length
(mm)
Load
(N)
Flexural
stress
(Mpa)
13.55
2.15
36.00
223.52
192.70793
13.40
2.15
34.50
221.98
185.45416
GRPN3
Sr.
no
.
Widt
h
(mm)
1
14.50
2
14.90
Maximum flexural stress = 192.70793 Mpa
Minimum flexural stress = 185.45416 Mpa
Average flexural stress
1
2
Width
(mm)
= 189.08 Mpa
Load
(N)
2.45
38.00
323.4
2.15
38.00
239.9
Average flexural stress
Thickness
(mm)
Span
length
(mm)
Load
(N)
Flexural
stress
(Mpa)
13.20
2.35
38.00
240.78
188.27339
13.30
2.35
38.00
251.82
195.42198
1.
Average flexural stress
S.
No.
= 191.84 Mpa
Span
length
(mm)
Load
(N)
2
13.20
2.60
42.00
285.90
Impact test
1
2
3
4
Flexural
stress
(Mpa)
Width
mm
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
Depth
mm
10.16
10.16
10.16
10.16
Breaking
Energy
Kj
Impact
Strength
2.6715
3.1730
2.3065
3.2248
125.21
148.72
108.10
151.15
2
Kj/m
201.85136
Minimum impact strength = 108.10 Kj/m2
13.20
2.60
42.00
257.86
198.51
= 205.152 Mpa
Maximum impact strength = 148.72 Kj/m2
1
211.79
GRP
GRPN2
Thickness
(mm)
Flexura
l stress
(Mpa)
Izod impact testing machine (ASTMD 256)
Impact strength = Breaking Energy/ Area (Kj/m2)
Minimum flexural stress = 188.27339 Mpa
Width
(mm)
Span
length
(mm)
Minimum flexural stress = 198.51109 Mpa
Maximum flexural stress = 195.42198 Mpa
Sr.
no.
Thickn
ess
(mm)
Maximum flexural stress = 211.79382 Mpa
GRPN1
Sr.
no.
= 193.86 Mpa
185.87231
Average impact strength = 133.18 Kj/m2
704
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
GRPN1
S.
No.
1
2
3
4
Width
mm
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
GRPN3
Depth
mm
10.16
10.16
10.16
10.16
Breaking
Energy
Kj
Impact
Strength
3.22
2.96
2.78
2.55
151.14
139.19
130.20
119.54
S.
No.
2
Width
mm
Depth
mm
Kj/m
Breaking
Energy
Kj
Impact
Strength
2
Kj/m
1
2.10
10.16
3.53
161.23
2
2.10
10.16
2.94
140.80
3
2.10
10.16
3.59
163.25
4
2.10
10.16
3.25
148.73
Maximum impact strength = 161.23 Kj/m2
Maximum impact strength = 151.14 Kj/m2
Minimum impact strength = 140.80 Kj/m2
Minimum impact strength = 119.54 Kj/m2
Average impact strength = 153.50 Kj/m2
Average impact strength = 135.01 Kj/m2
1.
Tensile Test
GRPN2
S.
No.
1
2
3
4
Width
mm
2.10
2.10
2.10
2.10
Depth
mm
10.16
10.16
10.16
10.16
Breaking
Energy
Kj
Impact
Strength
3.39
2.65
3.33
3.36
159.10
124.64
156.1
157.93
2
Kj/m
(a)GRP
Maximum impact strength = 159.10 Kj/m2
Minimum impact strength = 124.64 Kj/m2
Average impact strength = 149.44 Kj/m2
(b)GRPN1
705
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
GRP
Sr.
no
1
2
3
Width
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Load (N)
12.50000
2.20000
2625.14
Tensile
stress
(Mpa)
95.45
12.80000
2.50000
3393.94
106.1
13.40000
2.50000
3203.11
95.6
Maximum tensile stress = 106.1 Mpa
Minimum tensile stress = 95.45 Mpa
(c) GRPN2
Average tensile stress = 99.05 Mpa
GRPN1
Sr.
no
1
2
3
Width
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Load (N)
13.70000
2.35000
3075.14
Tensile
stress
(Mpa)
95.5
14.20000
2.40000
3333.33
97.8
14.20000
2.40000
3685.23
108.13
Maximum tensile stress = 108.13 Mpa
(d) GRPN3
Minimum tensile stress = 95.5 Mpa
Fig. 3
Average tensile stress = 100.48 Mpa
GRPN2
Fig. 3 shows the graphs plotted between tensile load and
extension for different compositions. Fig. 3 (a) , (b) , (c)
and (d) represent the load verses extension for GRP, GRP1,
GRP2 and GRP3 respectively.
Sr.
no
1
2
3
Width
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Load (N)
13.75000
2.25000
3285.48
Tensile
stress
(Mpa)
106.2
13.80000
2.30000
3687.03
116.2
13.20000
2.10000
2895.41
104.45
Maximum tensile stress = 116.2 Mpa
Minimum tensile stress = 104.45 Mpa
Average tensile stress = 108.95 Mpa
706
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
REFERENCE
GRPN3
[1]
Sr. no
1
Width
(mm)
Thickness
(mm)
Load (N)
14.96
2
3747.62
Tensile
stress
(Mpa)
125.3
“Fatigue Study Of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester
CompositeUnder Fully Reversed Loading And Spectrum
Loading”.
[2]
2
13.70
2.2
3768.07
125.0
15.00
2
4195.36
139.8
Dr. Muhannad Z. Khelifa, Hayder Moasa Al-Shukri :6/4/2008
V. Naga Prasad Naidu, G.Ramachandra Reddy, M.Ashok
Kumar, M.Mohan Reddy, P. Noorunnisha Khanam, S.Venkata
Naidu “Compressive & impact properties of sisal/glass fiber
3
reinforced hybrid composites”.
[3]
Maximum tensile stress = 139.8 Mpa
H.P.G. Santafé Júnior; F.P.D. Lopes; L.L. Costa; S.N. Monteiro
“Mechanical properties of tensile tested coir fiber reinforced
polyester composites”.
Minimum tensile stress = 125 Mpa
[4]
Average tensile stress = 130.03 Mpa
N. Srinivasababu K. Murali Mohan Rao J. Suresh kumar
“Tensile properties characterization of okra woven fiber
reinforced polyester composites”
IV. RESULT ANALYSIS
Tensile test
S
r.
n
o.
1
2
3
4
Shee
t
nam
e
GRP
GRP
N1
GRP
N2
GRP
N3
Ma
x
Loa
d
(N)
339
3.94
368
5.23
368
7.03
419
5.36
Tensi
le
Stres
s
(Mpa
)
99.05
100.4
8
108.9
5
130.0
3
Flexural
test
Flex
Max ural
Loa stres
d
s
(N) (Mp
a)
223. 189.
62
08
251. 191.
82
84
285. 193.
90
86
323. 206.
40
15
[5]
Yeong Suk Choi, Min Ho Choi, Ki Hyun Wang, Sang Ouk
Kim,Yoon Kyung Kim, and In Jae Chung “Synthesis of
Exfoliated PMMA/Na-MMT Nanocomposites via Soap-Free
Emulsion Polymerization”
Impact
strength
(kj/m2)
[6]
K. E. Strawhecker and E. Manias June 20, 2000 “Structure and
Properties
of
Nanocomposites”
133.8
135.02
149.44
153.50
This is the table for analysis of results includes the
average values of tensile stress, flexural stress and impact
strength for GRP, GRP1, GRP2 and GRP3 which show that
in the increase of quantity of Na-MMT the mechanical
properties are get improves and we can say that in order to
improve the mechanical strength of GRP polymer
composite we can add little amount of Na-MMT.
707
Poly(vinyl
alcohol)/Na+Montmorillonite