H
FOR OFFICIAL USE
Date — Not applicable
Duration — 2 hours
Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below.
Full name of centre Town
Mark
*SQ09H01*
Forename(s) Surname Number of seat
Date of birth
Day Month Year
D D M M Y Y
Scottish candidate number
Total marks — 90
SECTION 1 — 20 marks
Attempt ALL questions.
SECTION 2 — 70 marks
Attempt ALL questions.
Show all workings.
Write your answers clearly in the spaces provided in this booklet. Additional space for answers is provided at the end of this booket. If you use this space you must clearly identify the question number you are attempting.
Use blue or black ink.
Before leaving the examination room you must give this booklet to the Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper.
©
*SQ09H0101*

SECTION 1 — 20 marks
Attempt ALL questions
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1. (a) A company is developing a new software package. State when the company would use beta testing.
1
(b) State reasons why the client should be involved in the testing.
2
2.
Clare has just started programming and has created an algorithm to search the array cars which holds one hundred car registration numbers.
Clare wishes to search for a specific registration number each time she uses the program. Clare’s algorithm is shown below.
line
1
2
SET check TO 0
SET counter TO 1
3 RECEIVE registration FROM KEYBOARD
4 REPEAT
5
6
7
8
9
IF cars[counter] = registration THEN
SET check TO 1
END IF
SET counter TO counter + 1
UNTIL check = 1 OR counter = 101
Clare could have used a Boolean variable called “found” as part of this algorithm. She alters line 1 to read:
1 SET found TO false
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Page two

2. (continued)
With reference to the line numbers shown, state the other changes that
Clare would need to make if she wished to use this Boolean variable.
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2
3.
Jade is writing a program on her PC that is intended to run on her mobile phone.
Explain why an emulator is required in the programming environment.
2
4.
Scottish Airways operate a real-time booking system. To ensure the security of the data they make a daily backup of the whole system.
Explain what additional backups would be required to ensure no loss of data in the event of a system failure.
2
*SQ09H0103*
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5.
SN is a software development company. They have been invited to bid for the contract to develop software for a multinational supermarket chain.
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(a) Explain why using a rapid application development (RAD) methodology could be beneficial to SN when bidding for the contract.
2
(b) Describe how Agile methodologies could be used in the effective production of the software.
2
6. A programming language uses 32 bits to represent real numbers such as the negative value —0·000000016.
Explain how the 32 bits could be allocated to store such numbers. 3
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7.
A section of code has been written to total the contents of an array of 100 values.
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MARGIN line
1
2
3
4
SET total TO 0
FOR index FROM 1 TO 100
SET total TO total + values[index]
END FOR
(a) Explain why a compiler may be more efficient than an interpreter in the execution of this code.
2
(b) Explain the benefit of this code being present in cache memory.
2
*SQ09H0105*
Page five

SECTION 2 — 70 marks
Attempt ALL questions
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8.
A program has been written to find the position of the maximum value in a list, however the program stops responding. The algorithm responsible is shown below.
line
1 SET source TO [71,76,66,67,89,72]
2
3
4
5
6
7
SET position TO 1
FOR counter FROM 2 TO 6
IF source[counter]>source[position] THEN
SET counter TO position
END IF
END FOR
(a) Line 1 shows the use of a 1-D array to store the list of values, instead of six individual variables. Describe two advantages of using a 1-D array to store this list of values.
2
(b) A trace table is being used to record the changes to variables when stepping through the code.
(Line 4 does not change a variable’s value and so is not included.)
Line
1
2
3
5
Source
[77,66,88,67,89,72]
Position Counter
(i) Complete the information in the table above, recording the value assigned to the variable for line numbers 2, 3 and 5.
3
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8. (b) (continued)
(ii) Explain why the loop never terminates.
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2
(iii) Describe how the algorithm should be corrected.
2
(iv) The program stopped responding because the loop did not terminate. This is an example of an execution error. Describe another type of error that can occur when a program runs.
2
(c) Describe how a feature of the software development environment could have been used to locate the area of code with the error.
2
Total marks 13
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9.
CheckTax have developed a function to return the taxcode (A, B, C or D) that should be used for an employee’s pay. The function is to be used for employees that have income from two different sources. For example:
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Combined income
Less than 9000
9000 and over (but less than 43000)
43000 and over (but less than 60000)
60000 and over
Taxcode
A
B
C
D
The inputs and output of this function are show in the diagram below.
Income1
Taxcode
Income2
The function was developed using the following algorithm to determine a taxcode for any value of total income.
line
1
2
3
4
5
SET taxcode TO “Z”
SET salary TO (income1 + income2)
IF salary < 9000 THEN
SET taxcode TO “A”
END IF
6
7
8
IF salary > 9000 AND salary < 43000 THEN
SET taxcode TO “B”
END IF
9 IF salary > 43000 AND salary < 60000 THEN
10 SET taxcode TO “C”
11 END IF
12 IF salary > 60000 THEN
13 SET taxcode TO “D”
14 END IF
15 RETURN taxcode
*SQ09H0108*
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9. (continued)
(a) Explain why this algorithm would return an incorrect taxcode if income1 is 30000 and income2 is 30000.
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2
(b) The lead programmer comments that the use of a series of IF statements is inefficient.
Using pseudocode or a language with which you are familiar, rewrite the algorithm to correct the logic error and make the code more efficient. 3
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9. (continued)
(c) Jeanette works for a bank and has downloaded the corrected function, taxcode , from CheckTax’s online library. Bank employees receive an annual salary and bonus pay and Jeanette’s program stores these values in variables salary and bonus . It also stores the employee’s tax code in a variable called code .
Using pseudocode or a language with which you are familiar, write an algorithm for a subroutine that will:
• Ask the user for the values for variables salary and bonus
• Use the function to assign the variable code
• Display code on screen
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3
(d) Jeanette has commissioned CheckTax to create some software for the bank. Part of the software will be designed for a web-based system.
CheckTax have decided to use wire-framing as part of the design process.
Describe two factors that CheckTax will have to consider while using wire-framing.
2
*SQ09H0110*
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10.
The weather statistics are recorded for each day of the 30 days of
November. For each day, the statistics recorded include the rainfall in millimetres and the lowest temperature. Some of the data is shown below.
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Day
5
. . .
30
1
2
3
4
Rainfall
0
. . .
21
12
5
0
5
Lowest temperature
8
4
–3
1
–4
. . .
6
(a) The rainfall figures are held in an array called rainfall and the lowest temperatures in an array called lowtemp . Using pseudocode or a language with which you are familiar, write an algorithm to count the number of dry days below freezing and write this number of days to a text file called drydays .
5
*SQ09H0111*
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10. (continued)
(b) The algorithm used to count the number of dry days below freezing is implemented as a subroutine. Describe how the subroutine could make this value available to other parts of the program.
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1
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11.
Homeview is an estate agent which specialises in the sale of residential properties in Aberdeenshire. It uses a dynamic database-driven website to
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MARGIN display the range of properties it has for sale. Details of each property are held within a relational database.
Home For Sale
By ASPC Refernce Number :
Go
For Lease Plots
In an area you mark on a map
Our maps cover Aberdeenshire: list of Homes for sale outside our area
Go
In the City Centre or Suburbs : Go
In Country Areas : Go
In a street, town or postcode : Go
Recruitment Timeshare Commercial Information New Builds Contact Us My ASPC
Homes for Sale Search
Finding Information
General Information
ASPC Services
Finding a Solicitor
Buying a Home
Moving Home
House Price Information
Useful Links
We also have information on Newly Built Homes
(a) Describe two reasons why a dynamic database-driven website is a benefit for site visitors.
2
(b) The managing director of Homeview wants to update the website and change the appearance of the text throughout all the web pages. He instructs his technical staff to make the following changes using cascading style sheets (CSS).
Text
Headings
Sub Headings
Body Text
Font
Verdana
Tahoma
Arial
Size
20
16
12
Colour
Black
Red
Blue
Style
Bold
Bold
Regular
Create a CSS rule that will implement the changes for the Sub Headings.
3
*SQ09H0113*
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11. (continued)
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(c) To gain access to more detailed property information, users must complete a registration form to create a unique username and password.
Describe one example of input validation that could be applied to a username when it is first registered.
1
(d) When registering, the user must enter a valid e-mail address. This validation process is carried out by code written in a scripting language.
In the language used, the syntax for an IF statement is: if (expression)
{ command(s)
} and the OR comparator is written using the symbol ||
The following code is used to validate the e-mail address: if (atpos<2 || dotpos<atpos+2 || dotpos+2>=length)
{
} alert(“Not a valid e-mail address”); return false;
In the code above:
• the variable length stores the number of characters in the e-mail address
• the variable atpos stores the position of the @ character
• the variable dotpos stores the position of the last dot
For example, if the e-mail address is myname@sqa.com
length = 14, atpos = 7 and dotpos = 11
Explain how the code above would process the validation of the e-mail address: my.name@net 3
*SQ09H0114*
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12.
Choose a contemporary development in intelligent systems.
(a) Briefly describe the main features of this development.
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2
(b) Describe beneficial economic impact of this development.
1
(c) Describe problem that this development might cause for society.
1
*SQ09H0115*
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13.
Dog Walkers is a company that walks dogs when their owners are at work.
The company has a database to store details of the dogs, their owners and the walkers. The data is stored in the following tables.
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Dog Owner Walk Walker
Dog ID
Dog name
Dog type
Owner ID
Owner name
Owner address
Gender
Walks well with others
Photo
Owner ID*
Owner phone
Walk ID
Dog ID*
Walker ID*
No. of days per week
Cost
Walker ID
Walker name
Walker phone number
(a) State one-to-many relationships that exist between the tables.
2
*SQ09H0116*
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13. (continued)
The following form is used to enter each dog’s details.
Dog name
Dog type
Gender
Walks well with others
Buster
Golden Labrador
Male
Yes
Photo
Owner ID* 123
(b) Describe two ways of improving the usability of this form.
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2
*SQ09H0117*
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13. (continued)
(c) The following is produced for a walker.
Walker: Susan
Dog name Dog type
Bertie
Buster
Goldie
Ralph
Basset Hound
Golden Labrador
6 Flower Way Yes
103 Mayflower Yes
Spaniel 65 Varley Road Yes
German Shepherd The Drive Yes
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Describe how the company would use the database software to produce this report. 5
*SQ09H0118*
Page eighteen

14.
WebGo develop websites for mobile devices. WebGo have developed a site for a new university.
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(a) The university would like the website to incorporate an internal search engine. Search engines make use of crawler software.
Describe two ways that WebGo could ensure that the new website was optimised for indexing by crawler software.
2
(b) Students have reported issues with one of the web pages that is returned following a search.
The web page is supposed to display images of the student union gym and cafeteria. When the page loads the images appear as follows.
Explain how the HTML code could be changed to make this web page more accessible in the event of images not appearing on screen.
2
*SQ09H0119*
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14. (continued)
(c) The university has a web page devoted to foreign exchange students. As part of this web page there is an image of a national flag. The image can be compressed using a lossless compression technique.
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Explain why lossless compression results in a significant reduction in the file size for this image.
2
*SQ09H0120*
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15.
Vol4Ecosse is a non-profit organisation based in Scotland. The group send students to work on community-based projects throughout the country.
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Students can access the Vol4Ecosse website and complete some user forms to update their current location and the status of each project.
(a) Vol4Ecosse decide to make use of server-side validation when handling forms that keep track of progress.
Describe two reasons why server-side validation may be more appropriate than client-side validation in this case.
2
(b) Whilst volunteering, the students are encouraged to update the status of different projects throughout the country by adding text and photographs to a shared web-based folder. Explain why cloud storage might be best suited for this purpose.
2
(c) The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) has implications for Vol4Ecosse and their Internet Service Provider (ISP).
(i) Describe the financial implications of this Act for ISPs.
1
(ii) Describe one reason why RIPA is becoming increasingly difficult to enforce.
2
*SQ09H0121*
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16.
WebScape is a web design company. It is developing a website that will be accessible on many devices including tablets, laptops and smartphones. The site is hosted on their web server.
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(a) Describe how accessible design can be achieved using cascading style sheets (CSS).
2
(b) A typical page in the website is tested and requires optimisation.
<body>
<script src=”http://webscape.org.uk/js/jquery.js”></script>
<script src=”http://webscape.org.uk/js/jquery.once.js”></script>
<script src=”http://webscape.org.uk/js/drupal.js”></script>
<script <src=”http://webscape.org.uk/js/panels.js”></script>
<style>
.center_div
{ border:1px solid gray; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width:90%; background-color:#d0f0f6; text-align:left; padding:8px;
}
</style>
<img src=”boat1.gif” alt=”Big Boat”>
<img src=”logo.gif” alt=”logo”>
<img src=”boat2.gif” alt=”Big Boat2”>
<img src=”welcome.gif” alt=”Welcome Message”>
</body>
*SQ09H0122*
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16. (b) (continued)
(i) Explain how the code above could be altered to optimise load times.
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2
(ii) Describe two ways that compression can be used to reduce the time to retrieve and display a web page.
2
[END OF SPECIMEN QUESTION PAPER]
*SQ09H0123*
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ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR ANSWERS
*SQ09H0124*
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ADDITIONAL SPACE FOR ANSWERS
Acknowledgement of Copyright
Section 2 Question 13(a) Image from Eric Isselee/Shutterstock.com
*SQ09H0125*
Page twenty-five

H
These Marking Instructions have been provided to show how SQA would mark this
Specimen Question Paper.
The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non-commercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purpose, written permission must be obtained from SQA’s Marketing team on permissions@sqa.org.uk.
Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (ie secondary copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the user’s responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance.
©

General Marking Principles for Higher Computing Science
This information is provided to help you understand the general principles you must apply when marking candidate responses to questions in this Paper. These principles must be read in conjunction with the detailed marking instructions, which identify the key.
(a) Marks for each candidate response must always be assigned in line with these
General Marking Principles and the Detailed Marking Instructions for this assessment.
(b) Marking should always be positive. This means that, for each candidate response, marks are accumulated for the demonstration of relevant skills, knowledge and understanding: they are not deducted from a maximum on the basis of errors or omissions.
(c) Marks should be awarded regardless of spelling as long as the meaning is unambiguous.
(d) Candidates may answer programming questions in any appropriate programming language or pseudocode. Marks should be awarded, regardless of minor syntax errors, as long as the intention of the coding is clear.
(e) Where a question asks the candidate to describe , the candidate must provide a statement or structure of characteristics and/or features. This should be more than an outline or a list. It may refer to, for instance, a concept, process, experiment, situation or facts in the context of, and appropriate to, the question. The candidates will normally be required to make the same number of factual/appropriate points as are awarded in the question.
(f) Where a question asks the candidate to explain , marks should only be awarded where the candidate goes beyond a description, for example by giving a reason, or relating cause to effect, or providing a relationship between two aspects. These will be related to the context of the question or a specific area within a question.
Page 2

Marking Instructions for each question
SECTION 1
Question Expected response
1 a Last stage of testing prior to release.
1 b Any two of the following
 software can be tested on their own systems
 software can be tested on eventual users
 provide feedback to software development company
 client needs to agree that software meets their needs before accepting/paying for it
2
3
4
Line 6: found = true (1 mark).
Line 9: UNTIL found = true or counter = 101 (1 mark).
To run the object code/exe/machine code (1 mark) for a different processor than the one in the computer (1 mark).
Incremental backups (1 mark) would ensure no loss of transaction data in between the daily backups (1 mark).
Max mark
1
2
Additional guidance
1 mark for each correct response.
2
2
2
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
5 a
5 b
RAD involves the creation of prototypes/models/working software.
Prototypes can stimulate user interest in the software as they can use/see a working copy with limited features.
Any two of the following
 regular opportunities to assess development/success
 shorter iterations of work/quicker response to change
 gather requirements at the same time as developing software
 greater customer collaboration/cooperation
2
2
Award first mark where description of backup is correct with or without word incremental.
1 mark for use of prototypes.
1 mark for impact of prototypes on client interest.
1 mark for each correct response.
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Question
6
7 a
Expected response
Allocates 16 bits for the exponent (1 mark) and
16 bits for mantissa (1 mark).
Two’s complement for the mantissa would allow negative values
(1 mark).
OR
Two’s complement for the exponent to allow for small values (1 mark).
Compiler saves the object code (1 mark) and so does not retranslate on each pass through the loop (1 mark).
OR
Interpreter may retranslate (1 mark) on each pass through the loop using processor time (1 mark).
OR
Interpreter resident in memory (1 mark), compiler doesn’t need to be in memory (1 mark).
7 b Faster access time (1 mark) than main memory (1 mark).
OR
Entire section of code will be present in cache (1 mark), and so cache misses will not occur (1 mark).
Max mark
3
Additional guidance
This is one example, other allocations are acceptable.
2
2
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
Page 4

SECTION 2
Question
8 a
Expected response
Any two of the following
 only one line of code required to create multiple values
 can be traversed using loop structure
 parameter passing easily implemented with one line
 efficiency of code
 each individual element in the array can be referenced by indexing
8 b i
Line
1
2
3
5
Source
[77,66,88,67,89,72]
Position Counter
1
2
1
8 b ii Counter goes back to 1 on every iteration of the loop (1 mark), causing the terminating condition of the loop never to be met (1 mark).
8 b iii Change line 5 (1 mark) to SET position TO counter (1 mark).
8 b iv A logic error where the program produces incorrect or undesired output
(1 mark), possibly as the result of an incorrect formula or using an incorrect or wrong algorithm (1 mark).
8 c
9 a
The use of breakpoints (1 mark) allows execution of code to be stopped at a pre-defined point (1 mark).
The value of salary will be 60000; none of the IF statement conditions
Max mark
2
Additional guidance
1 mark for each correct response.
3
2
2
2
2
2
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for process.
1 mark for reason.
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for cause.
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Question Expected response becomes true as 60000 is not less than or greater than 60000, so the variable taxcode will remain at “Z”.
9 b SET taxcode TO “Z”
SET salary TO (income1 + income2)
IF salary < 9000 THEN
SET taxcode to “A”
ELSE IF salary >= 9000 AND salary < 43000 THEN
SET taxcode to “B”
ELSE IF salary >= 43000 AND salary < 60000 THEN
SET taxcode to “C”
ELSE IF salary >= 60000 THEN
SET taxcode to “D”
END IF
RETURN taxcode
SET taxcode TO “Z”
SET salary TO (income1 + income2)
SELECT CASE salary
CASE < 9000: SET taxcode to “A”
CASE 9000 to 43000: SET taxcode to “B”
CASE > 43000 AND < 6000: SET taxcode to “C”
CASE >= 60000: SET taxcode to “D”
END SELECT
RETURN taxcode
9 c RECEIVE salary FROM KEYBOARD
RECEIVE bonus FROM KEYBOARD code = taxcode ( salary , bonus )
SEND code TO DISPLAY
Page 6
Max mark Additional guidance
1 mark for reason.
3 1 mark for construct nested IF or CASE.
1 mark for correct conditions .
1 mark for correct use of variables.
Answer can be given in any language or form of pseudocode.
3 1 mark for input of both variables.
1 mark for making use of function with both input parameters.
1 mark for assignment of taxcode and subsequent display.

Question
9 d
Expected response
Navigational structure ― relationship between links and take account of the nature of navigation (1 mark). Accept examples of nature, eg local navigation to a page/global links to other parts of system.
Presentation of data ― placement of objects to maximise purpose of page for end user, eg priority of visual elements like a file player/image/legal information (1 mark).
Interface design ― matches hardware used to communicate with page or takes account of ease of use, eg check boxes instead of text boxes.
Max mark
2
Additional guidance
Naming alone, no marks.
Any two descriptions for a maximum of 2 marks.
10 a
10 b
SET frequency TO 0
FOR counter FROM 1 TO 30
IF rainfall[counter]=0 AND lowtemp[counter]<0 THEN
SET frequency TO frequency+1
END IF
END FOR
OPEN drydays
SEND frequency TO drydays
CLOSE drydays
By declaring it as a parameter which can pass a value to a corresponding parameter (1 mark)
5
1
Answer can be given in any language or form of pseudocode.
1 mark for each of any five of the following:
 initialise and increment frequency
 the FOR loop with END FOR
 IF construct with END IF
 correct complex condition with two variables
 SEND frequency to drydays
 OPEN and CLOSE.
Page 7

Question
11 a
Expected response
Any two of the following
 dynamic web pages will respond to information entered by the visitor
 information will always be recent/up to date.
 visitors will be presented with information that relates specifically to their needs.
11 b
11 c
H3 { font-family : Tahoma ; font-size : 16px ; color : red ; font-weight : bold
}
Acceptable alternatives to H3:
.subheading { rules }
OR
#subheading1 {rules}
 the username should be validated against the list of existing usernames
 when registering, the system must ensure that the username does not already exist in the database
 to check that no invalid characters are included
11 d atpos(8)<2 is false; dotpos(3)<atpos+2(10) is true dotpos+2 (5)>=length(11) is false as one condition is true, the expression is true, so alert message is displayed
Max mark
2
Additional guidance
1 mark for each correct response.
3
1
3
1 mark for H3 or similar.
1 mark for correct attributes.
1 mark for correct values.
1 mark for any correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
Page 8

Question
12 a
12 b
12 c
13 a
13 b
13 c
Expected response
Candidate might describe an autonomous robotic device, or a game-playing program that can learn and develop strategies, or a system that replicates human conversation. Examples could be in commercial use, or at a research stage, or games-based.
Note that the description should be of a contemporary development, so reference to historical programs like Eliza would not be appropriate.
Example must clearly show an economic benefit resulting from the system described.
Example must clearly show a problem for society resulting from the system described.
Any two of the following:
 walker and walk
 dog and walk
 owner and dog
 make the gender/walks well with others options Boolean with a male/female and yes/no buttons
 create drop down lists for Dog type and Owner ID
Create a query with the following fields:
 Walker.walker name and criteria = “Susan”
 Dog.dogname
 Dog.dogtype
 Dog.walks well with others
 Owner.owner address
And then create a report using the data from the query.
Max mark
2
1
Additional guidance
1 mark to be awarded for a clear description of a system.
1 mark for a clear indication of why it can be described as “an intelligent system”.
1
2
2
5
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
Page 9

Question
14 a
Expected response
Any two of the following
 ensure that the title tag contains a concise description of the website’s content
 create a new title tag for each web page
 use the description meta tag to add more detail about the page
 use URLs that are as concise as possible
 do not use generic titles for URLs, page titles or meta data, eg page1, etc
 create an XML sitemap for submission to the software company managing the crawler
Or any other valid response
14 b They could have used more appropriate alt tags (1 mark), to include a better description of each image (1 mark).
14 c It has long runs of pixels of the same colour(1 mark), allowing the colour and the repetitions to be stored using just two values (1 mark).
15 a
15 b
Any two of the following
 updating centrally held data/data sources is not possible with client side scripting
 validation cannot be disabled if it is handled at the server
 can query SQL using PHP
 less security issues as data is managed at server
Or any other valid response.
Any two of the following
 allows multiple uses to share, edit and save files/folders
 accessible via the internet from any device
 accessible via internet from any location
Max mark
2
Additional guidance
1 mark for each correct response.
2
2
2
2
1 mark for solution.
1 mark for reason.
1 mark for explanation.
1 mark for reason.
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
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Question Expected response
15 c i ISPs must implement technical systems for the storing and interception of information that may be requested by government.
15 c ii Encryption is becoming more sophisticated/difficult to decrypt, etc
(1 mark), requiring the cooperation of the individual to provide keys/information in order to decrypt (1 mark).
16 a CSS media queries are used to identify the target device/screen (1 mark).
CSS rules are created for different devices/screen widths (1 mark).
Max mark
1
2
2
16 b i Any one of the following
 Create a CSS file to hold the CSS rules so that less data is delivered with main page.
 Merge the JavaScript files into one and include file to reduce fetches from the server.
 Merge the images into one image and use CSS rules to display only the relevant area of the image. This reduces the number of fetches from server.
2
16 b ii  Compression is used when the page is served, thus reducing the amount of data sent to the browser. The browser will decompress the page data when received.
OR
 Compression reduces the amount of data exchanged from the server to the browser client, therefore reducing the time taken to load the data.
2
[END OF SPECIMEN MARKING INSTRUCTIONS]
Additional guidance
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for each correct response.
1 mark for change .
1 mark for reason.
1 mark for each correct answer.
Page 11