Energy Storage Demonstration Programs at
Southern California Edison
Mark Irwin
Director, Technology Development
Advanced Technology
Southern California Edison
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
Southern California Edison (SCE) Overview
• One of the largest utilities in
America
• Committed to providing safe,
reliable and affordable electric
service to nearly 14 million
people in central, coastal and
southern California
• Award-winning energy efficiency
and demand response programs
• Industry leader for 125 years
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
Major Policy and Technology Drivers for
Storage
• Expanding Penetration of Solar and Wind generation
– 33% Renewable Portfolio Standard
– Distributed PV (1-2MW arrays)
– Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP)
– California Solar Initiative (CSI)
• Regulatory Change for Non-Renewable Generation
– Once-Through Cooling (OTC)
– Greenhouse Gas, AB 32
• Changes in Homeowner Load Profile
– ZNE homes and Title 24
– Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs)
State policies led SCE to complete strategic planning analysis which
resulted in 2010 Energy Storage White Paper
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Present
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2
3 4
5
6
Tehachapi
Storage Project
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Large-Scale Energy Storage (8MW/32MWh – Q2 2014)
•
Evaluate a utility scale lithium-ion battery’s ability to increase grid performance & integrate wind
generation
2 Large Commercial PLS Program (100kW/500kWh – Q2 2014)
Irvine
Smart
Grid
Demonstration
•
3
Large Distributed Energy Storage (2MW/500kWh unit – Q2 2014)
•
4
Evaluate the use of energy storage to shave peak load on the low voltage side of the residential
transformer
Residential Home Energy Storage Unit (RESU) (4kW/10kWh – Q3 2013)
•
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Integrate energy storage with solar PV to help minimize the impact of plug-in electric vehicle
charging at work during peak periods
Community Energy Storage (CES) (25kW/50kWh – Q2 2013)
•
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Evaluate the use of a containerized storage device to relieve distribution circuit constraints and
mitigate overheating of the substation getaway
Large-Scale Community Energy Storage (CES) (100kW/100kWh – Q4 2013)
•
5
Evaluate Energy Storage for Large Commercial Customer Permanent Load Shifting
Evaluate the performance of energy storage in the home using various functions, including level
demand, peak load shaving, demand response, and secure load backup
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
D 13-10-040 requires SCE to procure 580MW of energy storage
by 2020 and gives SCE the opportunity to own up to 290MW
SCE’S ENERGY STORAGE REQUIREMENTS
MW
Storage Grid Domain
(Point of Interconnection)
2014
2016
2018
2020
Total
Total
Range
Transmission
50
65
85
110
310
62 - 458
Distribution
30
40
50
65
185
37 - 433
Customer
10
15
25
35
85
85
Total
90
120
160
210
580
580
FLEXIBILITY:
• Up to 50% of total procurement goal can be Utility Owned
• Up to 80% of MWs can be:
– Shifted between Transmission and Distribution buckets (only)
– Deferred (not past 2020) with a showing of unreasonableness
• All projects must be installed and operational by 2024
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
Future
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1
1
2
Distributed Energy Storage Integration (DESI) Pilot Program (approx.
2MW/4MWh – Q4 2014)
•
2
Distribution Optimized Storage (DOS) (1MW/1MWh – 2015)
•
3
Deploy energy storage on the distribution system to solve a challenge or for economic benefit
Evaluate aggregated energy storage units on the distribution system with optimized controller
Procurement
•
SCE long-term procurement plan (LTPP) Track 1 that includes a procurement requirement for 50MW of
energy storage by 2021 plus additional opportunity for preferred resources or energy storage
•
Recent Track 4 decision provides additional opportunity for preferred resources or energy storage
•
Remainder of 580 MW not built by SCE
SCE Energy Storage Initiative (Up to 290MW)
•
CPUC Energy Storage Mandate (AB 2514) includes a procurement requirement for 580MW of
energy storage by 2020 with up to 290MW of ownership opportunity
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
SCE Energy Storage Facilities and
Technology Development Approach
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
SCE’s Energy Storage Laboratories
• EV Technical Center (EVTC) in
Pomona
– Unique energy storage test
facilities in the utility
industry
– Cell level to full system
testing
• Large Energy Storage Testing
Apparatus (LESTA) in
Westminster
– Dedicated to the evaluation
of Large Distributed Energy
Storage Systems up to
6MVA
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
Advanced Technology Structured Approach
Investigation
• Selection of
projects based on
various SCE
organizations’
inputs
• External
collaboration with
Tech Advisory
Boards, research
organizations,
VCs, universities,
standards bodies,
utilities
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Modeling/
Laboratory
Evaluation
• Testing prototypes
• Building
predictive models
• Assessing market
entrants
• Systems
integration
• Evaluating grid
impacts
Demonstration
Pilot
Deployment
• Integrating
devices and
systems in a real
world
environment
• Evaluating
cost/benefits
• Standards process
• Training
development
• Performance
validation and
verification
• Support capital
decision process
• SCE standard
• Project support
• Knowledge
transfer
• Ongoing
consultation
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
SCE Battery Storage Evaluation Philosophy
Electrochemical Energy Storage Evaluation
System Evaluation
- Assess Various
Field Evaluation
Chemistries for
- Validate Full
Performance and
System
Potential Cost
- Demonstrate
Performance
Reduction
Functionality and
Validate
Control
- Determine Battery
Values in Actual
System
Operational Life
Application
Prepare
- Provide Input for
- Engage Internal
Documentation
for
Strategic Planning
and External
Field Installation
Stakeholders
- Train Field
Personnel
- Engage Internal
and External
Stakeholders
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
SCE ES Field Evaluation
Demonstration Programs
Pilots Programs
Assess Technical
Merit
- Demonstrate
Functionality
- Demonstrate
Potential Value
Streams
- Demonstrate
Reliability
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Provide a Functional
System
Deployment
Mainstream
Grid Device
- Resolve a Grid
Problem
- Increase
Operational
Excellence
- Capture Value
Streams
- Pursue
Standardization
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Lessons Learned & Challenges
• Capturing promised value streams in actual applications
• Siting, Siting, Siting
– Site selection
– Aesthetics
– Noise
• Demonstrating reliability
• Building positive business cases
• Integrating with existing utility communication infrastructure & new
Smart Grid technologies
• Validating large systems prior to deployment
• Availability of truly grid ready systems
• Availability of standard application definitions and test procedures
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Appendix
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Residential Energy Storage Unit (RESU)
IRVINE SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION (ISGD)
• Behind-the-meter devices
– Unlikely to install more for ownership initiative
– Would not require siting/permitting
• 4kW / 10 kWh unit
• Dimensions: 25x35x60 inches
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Community Energy Storage (CES)
IRVINE SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION (ISGD)
• CES unit with the battery installed underground
• 25kW / 50kWh unit
• Dimensions: Inverter (above ground) is 37x50x32 inches; the batteries are
28x26x46 inches and are underground in an enclosure that is 41x74x52 inches
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Community Energy Storage (CES)
IRVINE SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION (ISGD)
CES unit in the lab without the
battery (which would be
underground, below unit)
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CES unit installed (device on the left is
a bypass switch, which may not be
required in large scale deployment)
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Scale of Li-ion Storage Systems
TEHACHAPI STORAGE PROJECT (TSP)
x 56
Cell
• 3.7V
• 60Wh
• 380g
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x 18
Module
• 52V
• 3.2kWh
• 40kg
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Rack
• 930V
• 58kWh
• 950kg
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Large Scale Community Energy Storage
IRVINE SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION (ISGD)
• Integrated with solar PV
car shade project
(charging EVs to alleviate
peak load)
• 20 foot storage container
• 50 kW / 100 kWh
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Battery Energy System
IRVINE SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION (ISGD)
• Demonstrating feeder
relief
• 53 foot cargo container
• Ancillary skid and
Interconnection skid
• 2MW/0.5MWh
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TSP Facility
• Installed at SCE’s Monolith
Substation
• 6,300 sqft building
• Connected at subtransmission level through
a 12/66kV transformer TSP
"building“
• TSP interconnection
facilities with TSP "building"
in the background
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TSP Battery Configuration
• 604,800 Cells
• 10,800 Modules - 14
series / 4 parallel cells
per module (56 cells
total)
• 600 Racks - 18 modules
per rack
• 4 Sections - 150 racks
per section
• 8 MW / 32MWh System
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TSP Facility
• Located in the Tehachapi area,
California’s largest wind resource
• Massive wind development
potential driving grid infrastructure
(up to 4,500 MW)
• Installed at SCE’s Monolith
Substataion
• 6,300 sqft building
• Connected at sub-transmission
level through a 12/66kV
transformer
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BESS Facility
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How to Scale Li-ion Storage
Systems
x 56
Cell
• 3.7V
• 60Wh
• 380g
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x 18
Module
• 52V
• 3.2kWh
• 40kg
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Rack
• 930V
• 58kWh
• 950kg
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TSP Battery Configuration
How to get 32 MWh from a 60Wh cell
• 4 Sections - 150 racks per
section
• 600 Racks - 18 modules per
rack
• 10,800 Modules - 14 series/4
parallel cells per module
• 604,800 Cells
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Mini system at EVTC & PCS controller at
RTDS Lab
Smart
Energy
Controller
PCS
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Battery
Racks
Battery
Section
Controller
DC
Switchgear
& Controls
PCS
Controller
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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON
TSP Mini-system - Key Findings
• Discovered and resolved major safety issues regarding the
battery system and PCS operation
• Manufacturer performed multiple software/firmware
upgrades
• Based on 24/7 operation for more than 3 months, many
additional functional upgrades have already been
implemented (e.g., optimize control algorithms & graphic
user interface)
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