Power Consumption
The Hidden Costs
of Copiers and Printers
Contents
Executive Summary
3
Why Organizations
Need to Care About
Power Consumption
4
Power Consumption:
The Hidden Costs of
Copiers and Printers
5
How to Read Labels
7
Comparing Printing
Technologies
8
RISO Technology
9
Tips to Reduce Power
Consumption
About RISO, Inc.
10
11
Executive Summary
D
id you know that office equipment is one of
the fastest growing electricity uses in commercial
buildings in North America? Office equipment
consumes approximately 7% of commercial electricity
or $1.8 billion in costs to businesses.
Although many organizations are adopting greener
business practices, energy consumption due to office
equipment and related energy systems, including air
conditioning to displace the heat generated from such
equipment, is expected to rise. Reducing the amount
of this electricity has important environmental and
economic benefits. By choosing energy-efficient
equipment, purchasers can save a substantial amount
on electricity costs, as much as 95% for products
such as monitors and printers.
For organizations seeking to purchase printing
equipment, understanding power consumption
and the role it plays in the environment is critical
to maintaining a green workplace—and can have
a positive impact on the bottom line. Although
many printer manufacturers’ are listening to buyers
and beginning to launch products that use less
energy, buyers need to understand how energy
consumption works to be able to purchase a model
that is best suited for their organizational needs
and printing output volume.
This white paper will explain how to accurately read
printer and copier specification labels so that potential
users can calculate the energy consumption the
organization will use. It will also provide tips on saving
energy and other ways of going green in your
business environment.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 3
Why Organizations Need to Care
About Power Consumption
M
any organizations have a growing concern for
the environment. Businesses play a critical role
in developing and/or utilizing environmentally sound
products and processes. Being aware of the impact
that office equipment has on the environment and
ways to reduce negative effects will enable buyers
to make educated decisions on the office equipment
they purchase.
There are several general reasons why organization
should establish “green” business practices.
Purchasing green equipment, designing and
building green solutions, paying attention to energy
consumption, and conscientiously disposing of and
recycling hardware helps organizations:
•
Reduce energy costs
•
Comply with government regulations
•
eet increasing customer demands for cleaner,
M
more eco-friendly products
•
ppeal to customers and partners who want to
A
patronize and associate with green companies
•
Protect the environment
Watt for Thought
•
Copiers use more energy per unit than any other piece of office equipment.
•
Every ton of recycled office paper saves 380 gallons of oil.
•
ffice equipment consumes approximately 7% of commercial electricity or
O
$1.8 billion in costs to businesses.
•
1 kWh of electricity generated at a coal-fired power station releases around 1 KG
(2.2 lbs) of carbon-dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. In 2007, 48.6 percent of
the electricity generated in the United States was from coal.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 4
Power Consumption:
The Hidden Costs of Copiers and Printers
I
n order to determine how much electricity costs,
it’s important to understand how it is measured.
Power, measured in watts, is the real-time
measurement of the electrical energy being
consumed by a device. To determine the number of
watts consumed if a device lists amps, multiply the
amps (electrical current) by the voltage (electrical
pressure). One thousand watts equals 1 kilowatt.
20 amps x 120 volts = 2,400 watts or 2.4 kilowatts (kW)
The exact voltage coming out of an electrical socket
can vary, so electrical devices are designed to accept
a range of voltages between 110-120 volts. Printing
devices may be labeled as 110, 115, or 120 volts. Some
larger copiers and printers require 240 volts and
require special wiring and receptacles; 240 volts will
actually double the power in the example above.
Power consumption refers to the electrical energy
supplied over time to operate an electrical device.
Electricity is charged by the kilowatt-hour (kWh).
Using 1000 watts for 1 hour equals 1 kilowatt-hour.
For example, if the printer in the example above is
running at its maximum power for one full hour, the
power consumption would be:
2.4 kW x 1 hour = 2.4 kilowatt-hours (kWh)
Sleep mode refers to a low power mode for printers.
In copiers and printers, this means that the fuser
is not being kept warm and that a “warm-up”
period will be required before the device is ready
to print. This mode saves significant electrical
consumption compared to leaving a device fully on
and idle but allows the user to avoid having to reset
programming codes or wait for a machine to reboot.
Sleep energy is the total energy consumed over a
period of time (measured in kWh). Sleep energy
equals sleep power multiplied by time spent in sleep
mode.
Knowing how long a device is actually printing
is needed to figure out the total monthly power
consumption for a particular printing device. To
calculate:
•
ake the monthly volume or the prints/copies per
T
month and the speed of the device.
•
etermine how much time the printer or copier
D
would actually be printing and how much time it
would be on, standby, sleep, and off modes.
•
hen multiply the hours per month for each mode
T
by the power used by each mode.
An example follows on the next page...
Now that we understand how to calculate power
consumption while a printer is running, we need to
figure out the monthly power consumption. This is
made difficult as most office printing devices have
several power consumption modes including On,
Off, Standby, and Sleep. The challenge is finding
the energy consumed in these modes as few
manufactures publish this type of data.
On mode refers to equipment that is performing
its primary function, such as printing documents,
processing significant data, and playing sound or video.
Standby mode refers to a power mode for printers
that use less energy then the “on” mode. In copiers
and laser printers this usually means that the fuser is
being kept warm. Standby energy is the total energy
consumed over a period of time (measured in kWh).
Standby energy equals standby power multiplied by
time spent in standby mode.
Monthly power consumption = kWh printing + kWh in
standby + kWh in sleep
Using our example:
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 5
Power Consumption:
The Hidden Costs of Copiers and Printers
Printing Standby Sleep mode Speed (PPM)
Monthly Volume
2.4 kW
310 watts or .31 kW
200 watts or .2 kW
75 (4,500/hour)
100,000 pages
Hours per month (30 days x 24 hours) = 720
Hours printing = 100,000 copies / 4,500 copies per
hour = 22 hours
Using our example and the Massachusetts costs
noted above we calculated the cost of 20 printers:
Cost of electricity = 238 kWh x 17.17¢ = $40.86 per
month x 20 printers = $9,807.60 annually
20 RISO printers would only cost $309 annually.
Compared to most comparable models that is
a 97% savings. Also, RISO printers would stop
127,704 pounds of carbon-dioxide (CO2 ) being
released into the atmosphere.
Hours standby = (720-22) x 60% (approx.) = 418 hours
Hours standby = (720-22) x 40% (approx.) = 279 hours
Monthly power consumption = kWh printing + kWh
in standby + kWh in sleep = (22 x 2.4kW) + (418 x
.31kW) + (279 X .2kW) = 238 KWh
Once the total monthly power consumption has
been calculated in kWh, multiply that by the cost of
electricity. The cost of electricity varies by region.
In 2008, the price ranged from 6.7¢ per kWh in
Idaho to 30¢ per kWh Hawaii. When calculating
electricity costs take into account fees for delivery/
transmission, distribution and renewable energy
that most providers charge. A recent invoice in
Massachusetts stated the cost of electricity at 11.79 ¢
per kWh but with the added charges the actual cost
was 17.17¢ per kWh—that’s 46% above the basic cost
of electricity.
It is interesting to note that most printing devices
consume more power while in standby and sleep
modes than they do the whole time they are actually
printing. This is due to the number of hours that
they remain idle during the day or overnight. In
our example, the cost of printing 100,000 pages
in a month would be $107.88 per year but the cost
of electricity use in idle and sleep mode would be
$382.50. To save energy unplug the device or turn
the power bar off at night.
It is very confusing to have to manually calculate energy consumption. That
is why RISO created a simple energy savings calculator. Enter a few variables
and the calculator instantly calculates the monthly and annual power
consumption and electricity costs. It then compares each alternative device
to your choice of RISO printers. Visit our website for more information.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 6
•
How to Read Labels
hen 240 volts are required, or if the device
W
is rated at more than 15 amps, the device will
probably be a power hog and will require special
wiring and a dedicated circuit, which will require
the help of an electrician.
T
he power requirements or power consumption
information can be found on the specification
sheet or on the serial number plate of the printer/
copier. There are several things to remember when
considering the power consumption of a printing
device:
•
he amount of electricity listed on the label is the
T
maximum amount that the printer will use. For
example, a 2000-watt copier will only run at
2000 watts when printing at full speed. Knowing
how much maximum electricity a device uses does
not tell you how much it will use in a month.
•
If the power is stated in amps (A) and volts (V),
multiply the two to get the power in watts or
kilowatts. Power (watts) = Voltage x Amps.
Power your RISO with a bicycle!
Because the RISO digital duplicator uses very
little electricity PB Copy in Surrey, British
Columbia is able to power the machine with
a solar panel and a bicycle; they offer
“off-the-grid” printing.
“When we use the RISO digital duplicator, we
are zero carbon footprint. Add to that the power
saving and the face that we use only recycled
paper and we are very environmentally friendly.”
— Kevin LaHay, Owner/Operator
To read more on PB Copy visit the testimonials
section under “about us” on our Web Site.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 7
Comparing Printing Technologies
W
hen evaluating office printers, it’s important
to understand the different technologies
available.
Copiers/MFPs/Laser Printers:
hese devices use the same basic technology to put
T
an image on paper. Electronic signals representing
an image (page) are sent to the printer, or
manipulate the reflected light from the copied paper.
During operation, these devices use this electronic
signal to trigger a laser. The laser then shines on a
rotating drum, creating a charge pattern that defines
the image or text to be printed. Next, the charged
portion of the drum rotates past the toner supply,
attracting particles of toner to the charged areas of
the drum. As the drum continues to rotate over the
paper, a charged wire beneath the paper draws the
toner from the drum and onto the paper. The key
differentiator here compared to the technologies
noted below is the last step. The paper travels into
hot fuser rollers where the toner is fused to the
paper. A massive amount of heat is required to print
from laser technology.
Inkjet Printers:
Inkjet printers produce images by precisely moving
an ink-cartridge with an array of holes across each
sheet of paper. The cartridge ejects a high-frequency
stream of tiny droplets from each hole on to the
paper from a cartridge containing one or more
colors of ink. Inkjets usually produce ink droplets
either by rapidly deforming piezoelectric elements
that release droplets from an ink pressure chamber,
or by very rapid bursts of heat that locally cause the
ink to expand and expel the ink from the cartridge.
As the ink droplets impact the page, they spread
and are absorbed into the paper with no need for
heat or a fuser. Inkjet technology offers additional
benefits, most notably the provision of color printing
capability at low cost.
Digital Duplicators:
Files to be copied can be either scanned or sent
from a computer. Duplicators digitally scan the
original document/image and transfer that scanned
image to a master via a thermal imaging process.
The master is a paper plate with a polyester coating
that is automatically placed around a print cylinder.
Ink is microprocessor-controlled and vacuumdrawn from a cartridge to the surface of the master.
Paper is fed straight through and contacts the print
cylinder and a pressure roller. The ink is transferred
to the paper with no need for heat or a fuser, and like
the inkjet printer the ink is absorbed into the paper.
Spot color printing is possible by changing the print
cylinder.
The Fuser is Key:
Copiers/MFPs and laser printers consume more
energy than inkjet printers and duplicators, primarily
because the fuser rollers must remain at high
temperatures to bond the toner to the paper. The
fusing temperature can be as high as 400° F during
printing, the laser printer actively supplies resistance
heat to ensure effective bonding. In addition,
copiers/MFPs and laser printers require perpetual
heating in standby mode to avoid “heat-up” driven
delays in response to a print request. Copiers use
more energy per unit than any other piece of office
equipment. Power consumption in office printing
devices largely depends on the copier, laser printer,
or MFP’s print speed or copies per minute. Usually
the faster the device, the more power is consumed.
The power consumed in this fusing process accounts
for about 60% of the total power consumption of
copiers/MFPs and printers.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 8
RISO Technology
U
nlike copiers and laser technology RISO
duplicators and inkjet printers do not use fuser
rollers. In fact there is no heat required when printing
with RISO equipment. RISO printers use up to 95%
less energy than conventional office printers and
copiers. A recent study was conducted by Buyers
Laboratory (BLI), an independent office equipment
testing lab, which proved RISO equipment far more
efficient than comparable models ranging in speeds
from 40 ppm up to 85 ppm.
In BLI’s lab evaluation, the RISO CZ180, EZ220,
EZ390, and EZ590 duplicators, which each offer
variable speeds of 60 ppm to 130 ppm, proved
to be more energy efficient when compared with
multifunctional devices and printers. In addition
to using significantly less energy at 60 ppm than
the lower-speed MFP and printer models (when
compared to the higher-speed 85-ppm MFP model),
the RISO units use less energy at 80 ppm and
100 ppm. Plus, all four duplicator models and the
120-ppm HC5500 inkjet printer offer energy costs
that are considerably less than the comparable
models tested.
Additionally, assuming an electricity rate of $0.11 per
kilowatt-hour, all five tested RISO models would cost
users hundreds of dollars less in annual energy costs,
based on various high-usage scenarios for machine
use 7 days a week, 365 days a year. Indeed, based
on these scenarios, each RISO duplicator would
save users as much as $100 a year over their MFP
and printer counterparts and as much as $560 per
year when compared to the 85-ppm MFP’s energy
cost during the high-usage energy consumption
scenario, which would equate to a savings of $2,800
over a five year lease. Further, when matched up
against the 85-ppm MFP, the energy costs of the
RISO HC5500 are $445 less when equipped with the
optional print controller and $500 less without using
the optional print controller, which would equate to a
savings of $2,500 over a five year lease.
Based on the RISO units’ overall energy consumption
performance when compared with that of the
comparable devices, it is clear that RISO units will
substantially reduce the overall amount of energy
consumed, which works to both save users money
and help the environment.
High Usage* / Annual Cost
RISO
CZ180
RISO EZ220
RISO EZ390
RISO EZ590
RISO HC5500
w/o Controller
RISO HC5500
w/Controller
Competitive
Average (A-F)**
Model G**
$33.00
$23.45
$28.27
$30.67
$75.40
$144.54
$227.85
$599.84
*Based on an assumed electricity rate of $0.11 per kWh and on monochrome simplex printing for 5 hours, idle for 2 hours and in sleep for 17
hours for 7 days per week, 365 days per year.
**Model A-F refers to various competative printers/MFPs. Model G refers to a 85ppm copier.
High Usage* / Annual Savings
% Less annual cost than
Competitive Average (A-F)
% Less annual cost than
Model G
RISO CZ180
85.5%
RISO EZ220U
89.7%
94.5%
96.1%
RISO EZ390U
87.6%
95.3%
RISO EZ590U
86.5%
94.9%
RISO HC5500
w/o Controller
66.9%
87.4%
RISO HC5500
w/Controller
36.6%
75.9%
To read the full report, contact RISO at
978-777-7377 or visit our Web Site at
http://us.riso.com.
*Based on an assumed electricity rate of $0.11 per kWh and on monochrome simplex printing for 5 hours, idle for 2 hours and in sleep for
17 hours for 7 days per week, 365 days per year.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 9
Tips to Reduce Power Consumption
T
Reduce
Where feasible, turn devices off at night or on
weekends.
Get the right size/type of device
A mid-volume (20 to 44 copies per minute) copier
in a low-volume office can use 70% more energy per
page than an efficient low-volume (under 20 copies
per minute) copier. Duplicators and inkjet printers
use up to 95% less energy than conventional printing
devices.
Re-use
Set printer’s/copier’s default to making two-sided
copies.
Consider alternatives
Explore adding solar or wind power to generate
electricity.
Recycle
Choose recycled papers and soy-based inks.
Stay cool
Office equipment generates heat in work spaces
which then requires more power for cooling. Put
printing devices in areas with natural ventilation and
good airflow to reduce the need for air-conditioning.
Consider duplicators or inkjet printers that do not
produce heat.
here are simple, effective ways that organizations
can save energy.
We recommend the following energy saving tips:
Look to the future
Choose office equipment that has a proven record of
reliability; replacement is required less often. This will
also help reduce e-waste in landfills.
Sleep to save
Copiers and printers are on all day but only used
for a small part of the day. Use the “stand-by” and
“sleep” modes available on the device.
Save a tree
Save electricity and paper and read email and
documents directly from the computer monitor. It
takes ten times as much energy to create a piece of
paper than to put an image on it.
Choose ENERGY STAR
Look for the ENERGY STAR logo when buying office
equipment. The logo ensures that the device has
automatic power-management features and uses
energy more efficiently.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 10
About RISO, Inc.
R
ISO, Inc., headquartered in Danvers,
Massachusetts, is a wholly owned subsidiary
of RISO Kagaku Corporation, Japan’s leading
manufacturer and distributor of production printers,
digital duplicators and supplies. RISO sells highspeed color and monochrome printing solutions
throughout the Americas. RISO’s high-speed color
printers provide fast and affordable full color
digital printing for everyday communications, at
speeds of up to 120 pages per minute. Its line of
digital duplicators includes one and two-color
systems that reliably produce millions of copies,
are environmentally friendly, and are easy and
inexpensive to use.
For more information visit our homepage today.
For the full BLI report, visit our Web Site, and don’t
forget to use the RISO energy savings calculator.
http://us.riso.com | RISO, Inc. | 11
RISO, Inc. | 300 Rosewood Drive | Suite 210 | Danvers, MA 01923 Tel: 800-876-RISO | http://us.riso.com
© Copyright 2009 RISO, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced without permission of RISO, Inc.
All products are trademarks of their respective companies. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Printed in USA on a RISO HC5500 ComColor® Printer.