Waveform Lab
March 2003
Waveform Lab
Wednesday 3/5/03 - 2:00 to 4:00 PM
Phasor Labs
5420 Glenway Circle
March 2003
Oregon, Wisconsin 53575
608-835-9605 voice
608-835-9039 fax
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
1
Assume all waveforms are voltage
waveforms recorded at cow contact with
a 500 ohm resistor.
Using the sensitivity chart determine if
the voltage applied is significant.
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
2
1
Waveform Lab
March 2003
2 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
3
1 v/div vert - 500 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
4
2
Waveform Lab
March 2003
1 v/div vert - 20 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
5
2 v/div vert - 5,000 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
6
3
Waveform Lab
March 2003
2 v/div vert - 0.5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
7
2 v/div vert - 2 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
8
4
Waveform Lab
March 2003
2 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
9
2 v/div vert - 0.5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
10
5
Waveform Lab
March 2003
5 v/div vert - 0.1 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
11
2 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
12
6
Waveform Lab
March 2003
2 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
13
5 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
14
7
Waveform Lab
March 2003
2 v/div vert - 1,000 ms/div horiz
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
15
5 v/div vert - 20 usec/div horiz
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
16
8
Waveform Lab
March 2003
5 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
17
2 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
18
9
Waveform Lab
March 2003
2 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
19
0.2 v/div vert - 5 ms/div horiz
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
20
10
Waveform Lab
March 2003
500 mv/div vert - 100,000 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
21
1 v/div vert - 30 ms/div horiz - use upper trace
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
22
11
Waveform Lab
March 2003
Is this “Duration”?
Here is an
impulse burst
similar to that
caused by
secondary load
switching
Duration = 50 ns = 0.05 usec
Magnitude = 2.5 v peak
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
23
Or is this “Duration”?
Here is
part of the
SAME
impulse
burst
expanded
10 times
Duration = 13 ns = 0.013 usec
Magnitude = 1.0 v peak
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
24
12
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
Volts (Zero to Peak) across a 500 ohm resistor
Multiple Cycle
1 Cycle, Biphasic
1 Cycle, Monophasic
0.1
Reprinted with permission
C. Forster 7/5/00
0.01
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Phase Duration (microseconds) = Time between zero crossings
0.1
1
10
Typ.
Fencer
March 2003
100
1,000
10,000
Behavioral response for 5% of the most sensitive cows
using sine waves from muzzle to hooves exposure
Volts (Zero to Peak) across a 500 ohm resistor
Typ.
Fencer
Multiple Cycle
1 Cycle, Biphasic
1 Cycle, Monophasic
0.1
Reprinted with permission
C. Forster 7/5/00
0.01
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Phase Duration (microseconds) = Time between zero crossings
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Behavioral response for 5% of the most sensitive cows
using sine waves from muzzle to hooves exposure
Waveform Lab
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
25
26
13
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
Volts (Zero to Peak) across a 500 ohm resistor
Multiple Cycle
1 Cycle, Biphasic
1 Cycle, Monophasic
0.1
Reprinted with permission
C. Forster 7/5/00
0.01
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Phase Duration (microseconds) = Time between zero crossings
0.1
1
10
Typ.
Fencer
March 2003
100
1,000
10,000
Behavioral response for 5% of the most sensitive cows
using sine waves from muzzle to hooves exposure
Volts (Zero to Peak) across a 500 ohm resistor
Typ.
Fencer
Multiple Cycle
1 Cycle, Biphasic
1 Cycle, Monophasic
0.1
Reprinted with permission
C. Forster 7/5/00
0.01
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Phase Duration (microseconds) = Time between zero crossings
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Behavioral response for 5% of the most sensitive cows
using sine waves from muzzle to hooves exposure
Waveform Lab
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
27
28
14
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
Volts (Zero to Peak) across a 500 ohm resistor
Multiple Cycle
1 Cycle, Biphasic
1 Cycle, Monophasic
0.1
Reprinted with permission
C. Forster 7/5/00
0.01
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Phase Duration (microseconds) = Time between zero crossings
0.1
1
10
Typ.
Fencer
March 2003
100
1,000
10,000
Behavioral response for 5% of the most sensitive cows
using sine waves from muzzle to hooves exposure
Volts (Zero to Peak) across a 500 ohm resistor
Typ.
Fencer
Multiple Cycle
1 Cycle, Biphasic
1 Cycle, Monophasic
0.1
Reprinted with permission
C. Forster 7/5/00
0.01
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Phase Duration (microseconds) = Time between zero crossings
0.1
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
Behavioral response for 5% of the most sensitive cows
using sine waves from muzzle to hooves exposure
Waveform Lab
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
29
30
15
Waveform Lab
March 2003
Nope,
didn’t feel
a thing!
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
31
Some conversion factors:
1 second =
1,000 milliseconds =
1,000,000 microseconds =
1,000,000,000 nanoseconds =
1,000,000,000,000 picoseconds
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
32
16
Waveform Lab
March 2003
Some conversion factors:
0.001 second =
1 milliseconds =
1,000 microseconds =
1,000,000 nanoseconds =
1,000,000,000 picoseconds
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
33
Some conversion factors:
0.000001 second =
0.001 milliseconds =
1 microseconds =
1,000 nanoseconds =
1,000,000 picoseconds
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
34
17
Waveform Lab
March 2003
Periods for sine waves:
1 Hertz = 1,000 milliseconds
60 Hertz = 16.7 milliseconds
1 kHz = 1 millisecond
1,000 kHz = 1,000 microseconds
1 MHz = 1 microsecond
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
35
Periods for sine waves:
1 MHz = 1 microsecond
10 MHz = 0.1 microsecond
10 MHz = 100 nanoseconds
100 MHz = 10 nanoseconds
200 MHz = 5 nanoseconds
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
36
18
Waveform Lab
March 2003
Thanks!
If you have any questions
contact me:
Chuck Forster
cforster@phasorlabs.com
www.phasorlabs.com
March 2003
cforster@phasorlabs.com
cforster@phasorlabs.com
37
19