C
M
Y
K
+
C
M
Y
K
+
LPSC Cover.p65
1
11/28/2008, 12:11 PM
Perspective
Livestock
Development Plan
Department of Animal Husbandry
Government of Chhattisgarh
Note to the reader :
Perspective Livestock Development Plan
developed by Resource group was
approved by the Animal Husbandry
Department, Government of Chhattisgarh
in the year 2008.
For more information please write to :
The Director ,
Animal Husbandry and Dairying,
Opp. : Guruteg Bahadur Udhyan,
GE Road, Raipur - Chhattisgarh
Pin : 492 001
Printed at :
Charita Impressions
Azamabad, Hyderabad, AP.
Ph : 040 - 27678411
Acknowledgements
B.P.S. Netam
Director
The Director ,
Animal Husbandry and Dairying,
Opp. : Guruteg Bahadur Udhyan,
GE Road, Raipur - Chhattisgarh
Pin : 492 001
It is my pleasure to acknowledge contributions of the Swiss Agency for Development and
Co operation (SDC) and Intercooperation (IC) for providing timely support and resources for
developing the Perspective Plan. Interco operation has played a vital role in developing the Plan
through participatory processes thereby involving key stakeholders.
On behalf of the Animal Husbandry Department, Government of Chhattisgarh, I would also
like to thank Dr. Kornel Das, Lead Consultant, Intercooperation for his valuable contributions to
bringing out this Perspective Plan of Livesstock Development.
CARD an NGO has been providing local facilitation and coordination support. Their
contribution is appreciated.
I am glad that officers from the Animal Husbandry Department and Anjora Veterinary College
have actively taken part in the preparation of the Plan. I would like to thank all the officers for
their excellent participation in the workshops and for providing valuable inputs in producing the
document.
-Sd,
Director
6
Table of contents
Acknowledgements
Foreword
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
1.1
Methodology
2. Background
2.1
Milk production
2.2
Milk Production Target
2.2.1 Strategy 1: Improve overall management of existing stock through
effective extension systems
2.2.2 Strategy 2: Induction of animals
2.2.3 Strategy 3: Cross breeding program
2.2.3.1 AI program in the state (2005-06)
2.2.3.2 Natural Service
2.2.3.3 Breeding target
2.2.3.4 The breeding programme and its focus
2.2.3.5 Breeding strategies in Urban, Peri-Urban and Industrial areas of the state
Buffaloes
2.3
Milk Marketing
2.3.1 Private Dairy Sector
2.3.2 Traditional milk Sector
2.3.2.1 Strategy
2.3.2.2 The Action Plan
3.0 Background
3.1.
Sheep, goat and pig and their contribution to meat in Chhattisgarh
Small Animal Development Plan (Meat Production)
3.2
Small Ruminats Development Strategy
3.3
Pig development Strategy
POULTRY DEVELOPMENT PLAN (Eggs and Poultry Meat)
4.0 Background
4.1
Chicken production
4.2
Egg Production in Chhattisgarh
4.3
Target
4.4
Poultry Development Plan
5.0 Background
5.1
Plan
5.2
Strategy
5.3
Some key interventions
6.0 Background
6.1
Strategies
6.2
The Operational Plan
6.2.1 Restructuring the Animal Health Services
6.2.2 Specific Disease Control Programme
6.3
Animal Health Services
7.0 Background
7.1
Strategy
8.0 Background
9.0 References ………………………………………………..………….......................
10. Budget ………………………………………………..…………………………...
11. Annexure………………………………………………..…………………………
2
3
3
6
6
7
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
17
17
20
20
21
22
23
24
24
25
25
25
28
28
28
29
31
32
32
32
33
34
36
37
42
45
48
55
1
Abbreviations
2
AI
Artificial Insemination
AHD
Animal Husbandry Department
CALPI
Capitalization of Livestock Programs India
CSLDA
Chhattisgarh Livestock Development Agency
GoCH
Government of Chhattisgarh
GoI
Government of India
HACCP
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point
IDDP
Integrated Dairy Development Project
KGK
Krishi Gyan Kendra
KVK
Krishi Vigyan Kendra
ND
Non Descript
NPCBB
National Project for Cattle & Buffalo Breeding
ONBS
Open nucleus Breeding System
PLDP
Perspective Livestock Development Plan
PPR
Pesti de- Petits Ruminant
RDS
Raipur Dugdh Sangh
1. Introduction
The Animal Husbandry Department (AHD) of the Government of Chhattisgarh (GoCH) is
deeply committed to promote livestock development in a significant way to create opportunities
for livelihood generation thereby impacting on the poverty in the State. One of the key reasons
for this is that livestock holding in Chhattisgarh is more equitably distributed as compared to land.
Over 65 per cent of all species of livestock (except buffaloes and pigs) are owned by the
marginalized and the poor which includes marginal and small farmers and the landless. It is estimated
that approximately 68 per cent of cattle; 90 percent of sheep and goats (predominantly goats)
and over two thirds of the total desi poultry are owned by the poor communities.
The GoCH approached CALPI for assisting them in developing a livestock sector policy.
CALPI which has an overall mandate of capitalization of livestock experiences and contributing to
evolving pro-poor policies readily agreed to provide support.The participatory policy was developed
based on comprehensive situation analysis of the sector. To implement the policy developing a
Perspective Livestock Development Plan (PLDP) was imminent which was prepared involving
stakeholders.
The PLDP is a comprehensive document detailing the geographical/regional specificities within
the state. It takes a holistic view of the livestock sector and is aimed at promoting all species of
livestock that are economically important to the state in proportion to their livelihood intensity.
This is expected to not only contribute to increased productivity levels across all species but also
generate rural self employment, enhanced incomes and overall rural prosperity.The plan envisages
implementation in two phases, Phase I of the Plan from 2007-2012 and Phase II from 2012-2017,
covering all districts in the state. However, this report provides more details of the Phase I of the
PLDP covering all districts and all species of livestock. Based on the learnings and outcomes of
phase I, it is expected that the state government would make appropriate arrangements for
detailing the phase II of the plan in 2011.
The implementation of PLDP would be the responsibility of the animal husbandry department
whereas other agencies concerned such as Raipur Dugdh Sangh ( RDS), Chhattisgarh Livestock
Development Agency (CSLDA) will participate through available resources. The plan funding will
come from State government’s plan (11th Five year plan) and non plan funds, central government
plan funding, particularly the grants under the National Project for Cattle & Buffalo Breeding
(NPCBB), Integrated Dairy Development Project (IDDB). International donors such as DFID,
SDC along with national agencies like NABARD support may also be sought to implement proposed
activities, which are not covered under above schemes.
1.1 Methodology
PLDP was developed using the experiences of resource groups that were constituted and
during the initial period of the project.
The inputs collected from the groups were transformed into PLDP which was presented to
policy makers to validate its usefulness and accordingly changes were incorporated
3
Situation analysis report is the basis for designing proposed activities.
Production estimates were made for the state based on per capita consumption of livestock
products in India (1987 and 1993) from GoI (1997), NDSS 50th round, 1993. The demand is based
on the demand growth rate projected in above publication.
The annual population growth rate is taken at 1.6 percent as per GoI projections.
The lactating animal population is estimated at 40 per cent of the total female population .
The 11th five year plan, centrally sponsored schemes and NADP were used as reference
while preparing the budget required for implementing the policy. Based on the available budget
the gap is estimated.
4
CATTLE AND BUFFALOE DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
(Milk and Draught Animal Production)
5
2. Background
Cattle and buffaloes constitute the major livestock population of the state and are
characterized by low productivity. Currently, the state government is following a three pronged
strategy for enhancing the productivity - implementing a breed improvement programme, purchasing
and inducting cross bred cows and murrah buffaloes from Haryana State and improving productivity
through improved management practices. The male stock is also inadequate to meet the agricultural
operations and are purchased from Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharastra and Rajasthan. Chhattisgarh
has witnessed an increase in cattle population and decrease in buffaloes which is the reverse of
the National trend (1997 to 2003 census). The crossbred females are more in number in
Raipur, Durg, Raigarh, Bilaspur and Dhamtari districts where milk marketing avenues are high .
2.1 Milk production
The milk production in the last five years has shown a linear trend. Ironically, although the
average milk yield from non-descript (ND) is very low, the largest share of milk comes from these
animals (54.8%) , followed by Buffaloes (33.6%) (both Desi and improved). Milk from crossbred
cows constitutes a mere 6.2 percent.
Table – 1. Milk Production in Chhattisgarh – 2005-06
Item
Estimated No. of
Average Yield per
Milk Production
Animals in Milk
day/Animal in kg.
(000 M.Tonne)
Cow-Cross bred
3,81422
3.863
53.780
Cow (non-descript)
136,8835
0.912
455.658
Buffalo-improved
5,1022
5.727
106.654
Buffalo Desi
22,0460
2.153
173.247
Goat
52,1754
0.218
41.516
Per annum milk produced in Chhattisgarh
830.855
Source: Animal Husbandry Department, Government of Chhattisgarh) and Basic Animal
Husbandry Statistics, GOI, 2006.
The low productivity of cross-bred population is on account of:
1. Poor quality of feeding and care of cross breds.
2. The greater susceptibility of cross bred population to diseases, environmental
stress and absence of effective field performance recording system .
3. Low price for the milk also could be one of the reasons that farmers are not able to take
improve the production by adopting improved practices.
These constraints have to be addressed to increase the milk production. Alongside, there
has to be a wider acceptance by the farmers in the State for rearing improved livestock.
6
Table – 2. Share of Milch Animals in Chhattisgarh and India 2005-06
Crossbreds
Chhattisgarh
Number of
animals
39,000
India
Number of
Animals
8216,000
Desi
Buffaloes
1356,000
271,000
28370,000
33173,000
Chhattisgarh
Milk Prod.
in Kg/day
3.86
0.91
2.15/5.72
(improved)
Goat
524,000
29700,000
0.220
Source: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, GOI, 2006.
India
Milk Prod. in Kg/day
(Punjab:8.948
Meghalaya:8.929)
1.970 (Haryana: (4.381)
4.300 (Punjab:7.049)
0.346 (Rajasthan)
2.2 Milk Production Target
In India the per capita consumption of milk is about 1 141grams but with the projected
growth in dairy sector of 3.71 percent the per capita consumption is expected to go up to 229
grams by 2012. In contrast, the milk production of Chhattisgarh State is about 2276.3 MT per day
with per capita availability of 109 grams, which is far below the national consumption standards.
The tribal population, which accounts for 35 percent of the population are traditionally not
accustomed to drinking milk. As per the Plan, Chhattisgarh has fixed an initial target of 141 grams
per day to be achieved in the next 5 years and gradually aiming to reach 229 grams per day. In
order to reach 141 grams per day, the production has to be increased by 41 percent over a five
year period. Although this is an ambitious target, it would efforts will be made to reach these
figures in the current context with sustained efforts.
Table –3 Milk production and demand
Population
Per capita milk
Milk requirement
availability
(MTs/ day)
( grams/day)
Current
207,00,000
109
2276.30
2012 ( projected )
223,62,210
141
3153.00
Source: Animal Husbandry Statistics, Working Group Projections
The following are some of the steps that have to be taken to achieve the planned targets (1)
improve overall management of existing stock through effective extension systems (2) induction
of suitable animals from outside the State and (3) increase cross bred population through breeding
programme as a long term objective. Each of these strategies is explained in detail below.
2.2.1 Strategy 1: Improve overall management of existing stock through
effective extension systems
Through improved management practices it is possible to increase the production to an
extent of 15 percent in case of local cattle and 30 percent in improved animals. For this strategy
to be effective, firstly it is important to increase farmer’s awareness on better management of
quality animals inducted from outside the State. As a long-term strategy however, the department
should aim to equal the averages of best milk producing States such as Punjab, Haryana and
Rajasthan for a sustained milk production. The following good management practices have to be
implemented effectively.
•
timely vaccination against bacterial, viral and protozoal diseases
•
•
1
deworming against parasitic diseases
better care of pregnant and lactating animals
The per capita consumption of livestock products for the rural, urban and pooled population in India ( 1987-1993)
7
• improved feeding practices
• improved hygienic conditions of cattle sheds
By taking these steps, the production levels can go up by 15 percent. The extension staff has
a major role to play in these efforts.Therefore, there is an urgent need to strengthen the extension
wing and extension mechanism in the department.
2.2.2 Strategy 2: Induction of animals
Until November 2007, as part of the poverty alleviation scheme the government has
distributed 16,000 cross breed animals (purchased from Haryana). Induction of these animals is
bound to increase the production in the short term. However, awareness programmes for farmers
have to be taken up in tandem; if not there are high chances of decline in production in the long
run. Apart from this the management of female calves born out of these cross bred animals
requires good care so that they can reach early maturity and start producing milk from 5th year
onwards and contribute significantly to state’s milk production. Hence calf rearing and heifer
management programmes, which do not exist at present in the department schemes have to be
introduced and supported.
2.2.3 Strategy 3: Cross breeding programme
To increase milk production and meet the set demand, as a long-term plan the cross breeding
programme needs to be strengthened. There is a need to increase the breeding coverage from
the present 5 percent to at least 25 percent, which can be achieved through intensive AI work and
natural service using quality bulls selected out of field based performance recording (more details
on this are provided in sub sequent chapters).
Table –4 Potential impacts of strategies proposed to achieve the projected milk
demand 2010
Item
Cow-Cross breed)
Cow (non-descript)
Buffalo-improved (30)
Buffalo Desi
Goat
Estimated
No. of
Animals in
Milk
38142
1368835
51022
220460
521754
Average
Yield per
day/Animal in kg.
3.863
0.912
5.727
2.153
0.218
Improve
d yield
envisageed
5.02
1.05
7.44
2.48
Induction
of
(10%)
animals
3814
5102
Total
yield
(MTs)
210.62
1437.27
417.63
546.74
113.74
2726.00
100.04
AI born calves born and
20000
5.02
survived from (01-06) AI
work
5.02
16,000
80.00
No of animals already
inducted
Total
2906.00
Gap
The gap to a large extent will be met from calves born out of
local cattle and natural service program.
2
* Improvement in yield of cross bred and improved buffaloes (30%) and Local stock (15%).
8
Assuming that 20,000 improved cows (born, survived and in milking) from AI (from20012006) and an additional 16,000 animals already inducted, it is estimated that the milk production
would further increase to 180.04 MTs. With the projected growth, the per capita consumption is
expected to reach 231 grams per day by 2020. In order to meet the demand, the State should
produce 5785.85 Mts per day whereas the State will be in a position to produce 5167.14 MTs per
day based on the above projections. This estimation is based on increase in cross bred / improved
buffaloe population of about 20,000 every year from the AI work carried out by JK Trust and the
department.The gap can still be bridged through better AI performance and increasing the breedable
coverage area from 4.99 to 25 percent.
Table 5 : projected milk productions to meet the demand by 2010
Item
Estimated
Average Yield
No. of
per day/Animal
Animals in
in kg.
Milk
Cow-Cross bred ( existing)
100,000
8.98
New Cross breds born
125,00
8.98
Cow (non-descript)
1368835
1.05
Buffalo-improved
56124
7.44
Up graded buffaloes born
125,000
7.44
and survived
Buffalo Desi
220460
2.48
Goat
521754
0.218
Total yield
(Mts)
898.00
1122.50
1437.27
417.63
930.00
248.00
113.74
5167.14
he cattle induction programme should not be a regular annual feature; instead the Department
should focus on proper management of heifers so that their genetic potential is exploited optimally
. Strategies for production enhancement of existing stock through better extension programmes
should be developed Cross breeding should be considered as a long-term plan to enhance the
production and strengthening this program should be a key agenda of the department.
The cross breeding programme will be implemented through AI program and Natural service.
2.2.3.1 AI programme in the state (2005-06)
In relative terms, the AI programme is new to many and its utility to the poor and contribution
to improved productivity needs to be clarified through awareness initiatives. In recent years, the
department has promoted private AI workers and has also involved NGOs to increase the AI
coverage. Within three years of the formation of the new State some positive changes have
occurred which could be discerned through analysis of the State’s increased share of up-graded
cattle and buffaloes’ from 2003 livestock census. The State government has made special efforts
to popularize AI in cows and buffaloes, among the farmers. Consequently, the State’s performance
rose from about 1.57 lakh AIs per annum to about 5.10 lakh AIs per annum, during this period of
six years. In other words, the increase is about 225 percent between 2001 and 2005. Therefore
the number of cross-bred calves born per year too rose from 0.35 lakh to 0.92 lakh; a distinct hike
of about 262 % birth of cross bred calves. The rate of up gradation of the indigenous bovines has
been faster after the formation of Chhattisgarh State. But the State has a long way to go before
about 97 percent of its remaining indigenous bovines get upgraded to produce at least 1500 kgs
of milk per lactation.
9
2.2.3.2 Natural Service
Breeding bulls are required to increase the breeding coverage in areas where AI service is
difficult to reach. However, the Department in line with the state breeding policy, should take
care to avoid inbreeding.The Department should also systematically monitor the bulls distributed
by them in the field.
Stakeholders in breed improvement
There are some important State and private agencies that play a key role in livestock breeding
activities. The Plan targets are proposed to be achieved through convergence with their activities.
The following are the major players in this sector.
•
National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding (NPCBB) sponsored CSLDA
•
JK Trust, an NGO
•
Raipur Dughda Mahsangha
•
Goseva Ayog and Goseva sadans
NPCBB a national program envisages genetic up gradation and development of indigenous
breeds on priority basis. The project is implemented by a State implementing Agency (SIA) in case
of Chhattisgarh it is CSLDA. NPCBB provides 100 percent grant in aid to CSLDA. The agency has
both coordinating and implementation responsibilities and works towards breed improvement
in the state. Some of the key support areas of NPCBB are:
(i)
Radically improving coverage of bovine population under organized breeding
programme.
(ii)
Delivery of breeding inputs at the farmer’s doorstep
(iii)
Improvement in quality of bulls used for natural service
(iv)
Conservation of indigenous breeds
(v)
Imposing a levy on services and inputs to make the agencies providing services
self sustaining through recycling of receipts thus accrued
(vi)
Strict quality control of services and inputs
(vii)
Optimum capacity utilization in institutional infrastructure
(viii)
Developing synergies among major players
(ix)
Putting in place field recording and progeny testing programme through
networking for indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle and buffaloes to identify and
propagate superior germ-plasm for genetic improvement.
(x)
Training and retaining professionals and AI workers as an integral part of the
scheme.
Table-6 AIs done by different Service Providers ( 2006-07)
Service provider
No
of No.AI
centers
Done
Govt. Stationary unit
905
NGOs
327
Private AI workers
300
Total
1531
Source: CSLDA ( 2006-2007)
10
390,664
95,480
23,856
509,176
No.of
AIs done / Calving
calves
unit
rate per
born
AI
74,008
431
19%
16,176
292
17%
1,870
79.5
7.8%
92,054 Average=332
18%
The above figures indicate that about 5.5 AI s are required for producing one calf in case of
Government and NGO institutions whereas in Private AI Workers (PAIW) it is more than 10 AI.
The target should be somewhere between 2.5 - 3.0 AIs per calf which can be achieved largely
through capacity building programmes.
2.2.3.3 Breeding target
Our estimates indicate that to reach the Plan targets, the AI programme should have the
following schedule.
Table – 7. Breeding Target Schedule for Chhattisgarh
Year
AI (in lakh)
% of breeding coverage
Calving in lakhs
2001- 02 (performance)
1.57
4.99
0.35
2002- 03 (performance)
1.94
6.17
0.37
2003-04 (performance)
2.09
6.61
0.47
2004-05 (performance)
2.33
7.41
0.57
2005-06 (performance)
3.06
10.28
0.67
2006-07 (Target )
5.10
17.00
0.92
2007-08 (Target )
5.30
17.66
1.70
2008-09 (Target )
5.60
18.66
1.76
2009-10 (Target )
6.10
19.41
1.86
2010-11 (Target )
7.00
22.27
2.03
2011-12 (Target )
8.00
25.46
2.33
Source: Ram Linga Raju report on Cattle Development in Chhattisgarh, 2005 modified.
Taking into consideration the average coverage of 1200 breedable animals by one AI Unit,
the rate of increase of cattle population as well as the possible increase of new cross bred
generation, the number of AI Centers have to be increased to 2,626 by the year 2009-10. This
also implies streamlining systems for the supply of inputs like liquid nitrogen, frozen semen straws
etc.
District-wise Requirement of AI Centers and Private AI Workers
Table 8. Requirement of AIC/PAIW
Sl.
N
o.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Name of
District
Raipur
Durg
Rajnadgaon
Dhamatari
Mahasamund
Kabirdham
Bilaspur
Korba
Janjgir
Breeda
ble
popula
tion
469711
397999
232358
115028
118602
124707
307365
76737
206816
Total
Vety
Inst.
(Govt.)
169
133
95
67
43
25
140
47
69
No. of AI Centres
Govt
140
97
76
67
37
9
70
47
52
NGO PAWS Total
115
37
292
21
17
135
14
90
29
96
45
23
105
6
15
30
6
106
5
31
83
25
19
96
No. of
AIC
require
-ed @
1200
breeda
ble/
center
No. of
PAIW
or AIC
require
-ed to
establish
392
332
194
96
99
104
257
64
173
100
197
104
89
151
77
11
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Raigarh
137910
116
80
19
99
Jashpur
91724
49
35
18
53
Sarguja
276825
137
86
19
12
117
Koria
98580
36
27
7
17
51
Bastar
191001
100
37
41
78
Dantewada
205267
58
12
5
17
Kanker
91604
78
32
6
38
TOTAL
3142234 1362
904
267
300 1471
Source: Chhattisgarh State Sub-Project, Phase 2, NPCBB, Raipur
115
77
231
83
160
172
77
2626
16
24
114
32
82
155
39
1180
Table – 9. Yearwise Proposed establishment of PAIW/ AIC- Chhattisgarh
Sl.
No.
Name of
District
2006 - 07
2007- 08
2008 - 09
2009 - 10
AIC PAIW
(Govt.)
9
20
AIC PAIW
(Govt.)
20
AIC PAIW
(Govt.)
10
1
Raipur
AIC PAIW
(Govt.)
20
21
2
Durg
26
41
10
40
40
40
3
Rajnadgaon
10
40
9
25
10
10
4
Dhamatari
-
10
-
5
Mahasamund
6
10
-
6
Kabirdham
10
26
6
19
19
9
7
Bilaspur
35
31
35
20
20
10
8
Korba
-
10
-
9
Janjgir
10
25
7
15
15
5
10
Raigarh
26
10
10
11
Jashpur
7
10
7
12
Sarguja
25
26
26
16
14
6
13
Koria
9
5
-
8
5
5
14
Bastar
30
7
24
7
7
7
15
Dantewada
12
10
34
10
10
10
16
Kanker
20
10
26
TOTAL
246
292
203
180
160
112
Source: Chhattisgarh State Sub-Project, Phase 2, NPCBB, Raipur
2.2.3.4 The breeding programme and its focus. (also see annexure 1)
The cattle breeding programme shall not only focus on milk yield but shall also provide
means for production of good quality bullocks to meet the draught power requirements of
agriculture. Draught power should be an important consideration in cattle improvement
programmes as cattle continues to be an important source of draught power particularly for the
small farmers. Crossbreeding shall continue as the main tool for genetic improvement of the
nondescript cattle for improving milk production. Jersey and Holstein will continue to be used in
crossbreeding. Jersey, a medium size dairy breed is very popular with Chhattisgarh farmers due to
the high fat content in its milk, better heat tolerance and good adaptation to tropical climate.
12
Keeping in mind the preference of local farmers, Jersey will be the major breed for crossbreeding
in Chattiggarh followed by Holstein. Holstein is a high milk-producing breed with low fat. In
irrigated districts and peri-urban milk sheds, Holstein and its cross will remain popular with
farmers.The maximum level of exotic breed inheritance preferably will be limited to 62.5 percent.
Up- gradation of nondescript cattle through breeding with selective dual purpose Indian breeds
will be the main focus in tribal dominant districts where the demand for bullocks is high. The
breeds may be Gir, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Ongole, Kankrej, Tharparkar and Rathi.
The nondescript buffaloes will be upgraded through selective breeding with high yielding
purebreds such as Murrah. This should be given high priority in all areas where buffaloes are well
adapted to the agro climatic conditions. In some selected patches with low input management
practices Surti buffaloes with high pedigree shall be used to meet the draught and milch animal
needs.
AI is widely recognized as an important strategy to effect genetic enhancement. The State
needs to promote AI systematically in high cattle density areas with high potential for milk
production and availability of marketing facilities.
The State needs to further develop and strengthen its own breeding infrastructure for
production and storage of semen. Besides, there is a need for improving the quality of human
resources that deliver the breeding services.
Conservation of Sahiwal breed should become a priority for improvement since this dual
purpose breed is highly adaptable to local conditions of Chhattisgarh. The program can be tried
out through a joint venture with the government of India and can be initiated in the two existing
farms in the State.
2.2.3.5 Breeding strategies in Urban, Peri-Urban and Industrial areas of
the state
A differential approach towards breeding is proposed for the urban, peri-urban and
industrialized regions of the state where milk consumption is high and resource and management
practices are distinctly different.
In the peri-urban areas, cross breeding of non- descript cattle with Jersey, Holstein-Friesian
will be followed to improve milk production. The 50 percent crossbred cows shall be bred with
50 or 75 percent crossbred bulls preferably with proven bulls from NDRI Karnal, Sabarmati
Ashram of NDDB, etc. If such proven bulls are not available, the F2 Generation could be crossed
with Sahiwal or Gir followed by Jersey or Holstein. High pedigree crossbred bulls from local
farmers should also be identified and used for the cross breeding programmes.
Semi Urban Area
In the semi-urban areas up gradation with Sahiwal and Gir, Jersey crossed with Sahiwal/Gir
or HF crossed with Sahiwal/Gir could be considered. In areas where feed availability is satisfactory
and the milk market is well developed crossbreeding with Jersey and Holstein can also be taken
up.
Rural/Hilly Area
For the districts of Bastar, Dantewada and Kanker – upgrading with Ongole, Tharparkar and
Sahiwal, crossing their progeny with Jersey x Sahiwal and Jersey x Gir may be continued. In less
developed areas where farmers have the required capacity to feed crossbreds and irrigation is
13
available they can be supported to breed crossbred calves for sale in the milk shed areas of
Chhattisgarh. In other words, these areas could become the future ‘production line’ for dairy
cattle in Chhattisgarh.
Buffaloes
Buffalo breeding with Murrah in the entire state should be continued for up gradation of
local buffaloes. In tribal areas and areas where buffalo bullocks are preferred, Surti breed of
buffaloes could be introduced in limited numbers.
Draught Animals in Chhattisgarh
There are about 30 lakh landholders in Chhattisgarh (as of 2002) of which about 21.5 lakh
land holdings are of small and marginal farmers.
Table -10 . Land Use Classification and Land Holding Pattern in Chhattisgarh 2002
Particulars
Gross cropped area
Cropping intensity
Irrigated land all sources
Net irrigated area
Percentage of irrigated area of net sown area
Unit
'000 hect.
Percentage
'000 hect.
'000 hect.
Percentage
Area
5,327
134%
1,154
1,072
22.55
The above table (Table 10) indicates that the cropping intensity of the State is high and given
the large proportion of small and marginal holdings, timely access to draught power has a significant
role in utilizing the full agricultural potential of the state.
The supply side situation can be assessed from the data of the livestock census 2003 which
states that the State had about 14 lakh pairs of bullocks. Besides, there are about 4.4 lakh pairs of
draught male buffaloes in the state. In all, about 18.5 lakh pairs of draught bovines were available
in the state. With the addition of two lakh young bullocks and buffalo draught bullocks of the
previous year added to this stock there would be about 20.5 lakh pairs of draught animals in the
state which indicates a shortage of draught power.
Table - 11 . Status of working Animals in Chhattisgarh, 2003
No. of
working malefemale cattle
28,37,086
No. of Calves (13 years age )
Cattle
8,04,961
No. of working
male Buffaloes
8,78,911
Source: Chhattisgarh Livestock Census Report, 2003)
14
No. of
Calves(1-3
years age)
Buffaloes
1,09,290
Total No. of
working
animals
available
37,15,997
(= 35 % of total
bovine
population of
state)
his Policy therefore places a balanced emphasis on breeding strategies for improved milk
production and draught power needs of Chhattisgarh.
Supportive actions to implement the Breeding Strategy
i)
Streamlining storage and supply of liquid nitrogen:This is proposed to be accomplished
by sourcing supply from industrial gas manufacturers and setting up infrastructure
for bulk transport and bulk storage.
ii)
Introduction of quality bulls with high genetic merit: This is proposed to be
accomplished through Field Performance Recording (FPR) programmes by selected
dairy cooperatives, breeders’ associations and other suitable agencies; re-organisation
and intensification of progeny testing programme and production of bulls for
breeding programmes from the nominated mating under the FPR.
iii)
Promotion of door step private mobile AI service delivery system:.This is proposed
to be accomplished through training in AI practice; support for acquisition of
equipment; stipend during initial practice period and provision for regular
supply of frozen semen and liquid nitrogen at production cost.
iv)
Conversion of existing stationery Government AI centers to mobile practices:
This is proposed to be achieved by proving portable liquid nitrogen containers;
supply of quality genetic inputs and authorizing private practice at farmer’s
doorstep to provide more effective and timely AI service to bovines.
v)
Quality control of goods and services at sperm
(4)
evolve and operationalise national
(5)
bring about improvement in indigenous breeds, whose tracts run across the State,
a task highly neglected so far.
vii)
Other allied activities: Pre-project survey, project preparation and appraisal as
well as rapid computerization of sperm station, farms, field performance recording
units etc, would also be covered under the Project.
standards for semen production and
2.3 Milk Marketing
In January 2000, the Raipur Dudgh Sangh (RDS) had 266 active primary dairy cooperatives
with an average milk collection of 24,265 kgs per day. Subsequently NDDB took over the
management of RDS, but significant progress is yet to be seen. The performance of milk
cooperatives in the last six years is presented below along with unit wise details.
Table –12Milk collection by the Raipur Milk Union (2000-2006)
S.No
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
2000-2001
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
No. Functional
MPCS
266
262
249
214
213
274
Average per day
milk collected
(Kgs)
24,265
25,933
16,738
18,877
15,919
24,672
15
Table –13 Chilling centre wise milk collection (As on 26.02.06)
Name of Chilling centre
Urla milk plant
Billaspur
Damtari
Basna
Jagdalpur
Pankhajur
Pendra
Total
Installed capacity Milk collection
LPD
LPD
100,000
12,924
10,000
827
2,000
4,166
2,000
4,752
4,000
1,292
2,000
330
2,000
993
122,000
25,284
The Union has been utilizing only 20 percent of its capacity impacting its viability. The long
distances between collection centers leads to high transportation costs. On an average the
transportation cost is about Rs.1.64 per liter of milk which is one of the constraints faced by the
RDS The demand for liquid milk is increasing in Chhattisgarh and the survey conducted by
NDDB revealed that there is a demand for 500,000 lakh liters per day. The main challenge for the
union is to increase the procurement to cope with the market demand which they are not able to
achieve due to long distance between villages resulting in high transportation costs.
Opening of new centers has not been possible since the farmers in many of the villages are
not in the habit of using milk in appreciable quantities and absence of milk potential in contiguous
villages to open milk route
The Government of India sanctioned an Integrated Dairy Development Project in February
2002 in Raigarh, Ambikapur, Koria, Kabirdham and Jashpur districts with a total outlay of Rs.
1,549.79 lakh.The major components are capital expenditure for civil works and plant and machinery
for milk chilling, processing and marketing. In addition there are allocations for milk procurement,
input services, subsidy on cattle induction, manpower development, working capital and other
overheads.
In the future milk processing units will be set up at Raigarh (10,000 litre milk processing
plant), Ambikapur (10,000 litre milk processing plant), Koriya (5,000 litre milk processing plant),
Kabirdham (5,000 litre milk processing plant) and in Jashpur (5000 litre milk processing plant) .
The State government has already approved these projects. By the end of 2008 these five mini
milk plants are expected to be operational. Meanwhile, for the 11th Five Year Plan, six additional
integrated dairy development projects have been suggested. After developing these ten mini-milk
sheds and promoting about 50 cooperative societies the plan is to integrate them with Raipur
project in about ten years.
2.3.1 Private Dairy Sector
The private sector is not strong in the State. Amul and some other local dairies together sell
about 90,000 liters of milk per day in the State. The overall organized sector market share of
these private dairies is less than 10 percent.The private dairies unlike other States do not provide
attractive incentives such as inputs and services to the producers.
16
2.3.2 Traditional milk Sector
Traditional Milk Sector (TMS) is the main channel of milk marketing in the State.Vendors and
vendors cum producers collect the marketable surplus milk from villages and sell in urban market
as it is without processing.The weakness of the TMS is the control of the trade by 3 Raut, (middlemen)
each Raut on an average collects daily 100 liters of milk and supplies to union once in four days
The balance three days milk produced at household level is either consumed or sold in local
markets. This system has a negative impact on both the livelihoods of the poor as well as on the
milk union’s performance.
2.3.2.1 Strategy
The government should support the RDS to educate the farmers on milking methods,
production of clean milk and organizing societies through financial assistance.
Encourage private sector to establish processing units.
There is a potential to improve the TMS which has a market share of more than 80%
through innovative strategies.
2.3.2.2 The Action Plan
Raipur Dudgh Sangh
The low capacity utilization of the Raipur Milk Union is a matter of concern. The focus
should be on creating a demand for the milk in urban market for which financial assistance has to
be provided.
The government should provide subsidies to the union for establishing new collection centres.
The support should be continued until the centers reach a capacity of at least 100 liters of milk
per day.
Financial assistance to be provided for implementing production enhancement programmes
for improving milk collection, from the current average of 90 liters to 150 liters per society per
day.
There is a greater need for convergence between union and the Department. Since the
union has staff constraints the Department should address the issues regarding supply of cattle,
health services whereas the union should focus on opening societies, educating farmers and
providing uninterrupted milk market for the poor.
TMS
The sector is neglected and requires attention to improve the livelihoods of poor farmers
who rely on this channel.
With the support of BILDP and local NGOs organize Common Interest Groups (CIGs) in
potential villages. The CIGs to be linked to credit institutions for access to credit for setting up
micro enterprise. Milk processing and production of value added products will be taken up as
group based enterprises.
Support these groups to set up low cost technology innovations with the guidance of national
dairy institutions/ RDS to improve the shelf life of milk and produce value added products. The
3
Barwai a system of an outsider known as Raut helps producer in milking animals and retaining one day milk once in four days.
17
support would include (i) building institutions of producers and vendors and platforms of consumers
and developing their capacities and awareness, (ii) provide facilities and training for introduction
of quality based pricing system, (iii) building some minimum infrastructure for low volume, low
cost, instant milk testing and processing such as mobile testing / tamperproof milk samples for
testing, immersion / instant low volume chilling, hygienic packing, fat balancing and standardization,
(iv) suitable containers and carriers for milk transport by two wheelers, (v) facilities at association
level for storage of surplus milk etc. (vi) effective coordination for livestock service delivery in
low productive areas, (vii) exposure of policy makers, planners and academia to TMS to develop
a balanced view of TMS and (viii) create an enabling regulatory environment to enable the
market intermediaries to conform to the food quality standards of the country. Link the units
with RDS for marketing the products.
18
MEAT ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
19
3.0 Background
In pastoral and subsistence farming societies small animals are kept not only as an investment
but also as a means to tide over any crisis during hard times.The sub-marginal, marginal, small and
semi-medium group of farmers own a majority of sheep and goat in rural Chhattisgarh. However,
the ownership is less among the landless and sub-marginal groups. The livestock policy envisages
improving the living standards of rural and peri-urban poor through development of the small
animal sub sector. The scope for the sub sector is increasing due to changes that are taking place
in food consumption patterns of people and with rapid urbanization resulting in increased demand
for meat. The main source of animal protein is from poultry and small ruminants but for poor
people and certain social groups, pig is also an important source of nutrition.
The key concerns of the sector are low productivity and high mortality. High mortality of
small ruminants is seen at an early age due to Pesti de-Petits Ruminant (PPR) , which is the most
dangerous disease. This could be one of the reasons why the sheep population has been declining
(-38.2%) during the period from 1997-2003.
Pig keeping is specific to some tribes and dalits. In peri-urban areas dalit households rear
pigs. The pig population is largely concentrated in Bastar, Dantiwada, Kanker, Sarguja and Jaspur
districts although they are seen in other districts too. Pig development programmes would be
more relevant in these five districts of the state. Pigs are important to the indigenous population
as the main source of family income, as a source of protein for the family and serve as ‘savings
accounts’. Like small ruminants the pigs are also characterized by low productivity. The meat sub
sector suffers from a lack of organized markets for trading sheep, goats and pigs. However, there
are unorganized live animal markets in about 30 locations in the State. But most of the farmers
prefer to sell animals from their own homesteads. Middlemen often purchase animals from the
households. Only the slightly bigger farmers who rear between 10 to 20 adult sheep/goats or 4 to
5 adult sows sell their produce directly in the markets.
3.1. Sheep, goat and pig and their contribution to meat in Chhattisgarh
About 75% of the farmers in the State are at subsistence level owning about 3-4 adult
animals and they are engaged in multiple subsistence livelihoods.
The State has registered 2.28 lakh goats per year in 2005-06 in the slaughter houses and it
is assumed that almost an equal number are slaughtered in the un-organised markets during
different occasions.
Table – 14. Meat production from organized sector for the year 2005-06
Sl.
Livest
No. ock
Numbers (000s)
Average
in Kg
yield Meat
MT
Chhatti India
Chhatti India
sgarh
sgarh
1
Sheep 58
19110
12.01
12.59
2
Goat
228
54110
11.41
9.63
3
Pigs
22
7240
26.00
32.23
Total
--Source: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistic, GOI, 2006
20
Chhatti
sgarh
0.698
2.602
0.583
-
in
000 Total
meat
production in 000
MT(excluding
poultry)
India
241
521
233
-
Chhattisg
arh
3.883
India
995.00
The meat production per animal especially in sheep and goat is close to the National average,
whereas in pigs it is less than the national average. To improve the pig sub sector pig breeds from
Manipur which have traits similar to pigs of Chhattisgarh could be inducted and used for breeding.
Per capita consumption of meat in Chhattisgarh and India
The per capita availability of meat is less than a gram per day in Chhattisgarh whereas the
national average is about 2.3 grams. But at the projected consumption growth of 8.42 percent per
annum, demand for meat would go up to 5.58 grams per day by 2010 (2.04 kilos per anum).
Small Animal Development Plan (Meat Production)
With the per capita consumption of 2.04 kilos per annum, the demand for meat would be
about 45.62 (000) tons per annum and to meet the demand the State should increase the production
more than ten folds.
3.2 Small Ruminants Development Strategy (also see annexure2)
•
The productivity traits such as body weight, growth rate and milk production of
small ruminants require improvement. Open nucleus Breeding System (ONBS) may
be established in developing the flocks of the participating farmers.
•
High mortality in sheep and goats especially at an early age is of great concern to
farmers. So an efficient animal health service system mainly focused on preventive
health care, needs to be made available at the village level to improve the survival
rates.
•
The rearers should be trained on issues related to production, selection of breeding
males, feeding and control of diseases. Developing a para-vet service system to provide
health services at village level requires serious consideration.
•
The recommended breeding policy for sheep and goat is selective breeding to gain
early growth and body weight for improved returns. The breeding strategy would be
to first improve the milk yield of dam to gain early growth, followed by selection for
carcass weight and multiple birth types. Early maturity, parasitic resistance, adaptability
to local climate and feed management will be considered for selection. The
Chhattisgarh Veterinary College, Durg in the Department of Animal Breeding and
Genetics (ABG) will develop a comprehensive technical programme and parameters
for selection of breeding stock of rams and bucks. The proposed programme will
envisage development and supply of breeding rams and bucks through selected
breeders by getting suitable breeds from within and outside Chhattisgarh.
•
It is recommended to continue breeding of non-descript female goats with Barbari,
Surti to improve milk yield and prolificacy where as Beetal, Jamunapari breeds can be
utilized to retain prolificacy and improve body weight. Sirohi breed can be a good
choice to improve milk yield with single kidding per annum.
•
Sheep breeds like Malpura, Nali, Marwari, Sonadi, Patanwadi, Edka and Ganjam can be
considered to improve local sheep. South Indian sheep breed choice could have
given good performance but there is the threat of bluetongue being introduced in
Chhattisgarh.
•
A viable and extensive fodder programme through plantation and utilization of duel
purpose fodder trees will be introduced. Indigenous knowledge in Goat feeding will
21
be incorporated for up scaling in the state. Care shall be taken to introduce and
retain local goat breeds. Farmers shall be encouraged to go for stall-feeding of small
ruminants in the state to reduce the negative environmental impacts.
3.3 Pig development Strategy ( also see annexure 3)
Development of piggery has suffered from lack of emphasis in policy support and development
from policy makers.
22
•
Chattisgarh State should encourage a small segment of commercial pig farming and
pork processing facilities to meet the existing and growing demand for pork in the
state.
•
The pig farmers in rural areas need access to information and training from extension
staff in all aspects of pig production such as management, nutrition, breeding, health
and marketing. Women are largely responsible for raising pigs and should be kept at
the center of development interventions. They should be involved in all trainings and
awareness programmes.
•
Lack of availability of quality breeding boars should be addressed through the design
and implementation of community managed boar-development programme.
•
Cross-breeding of pigs with exotic breeds should be continued in areas where
the community can afford to give additional feed and provide improved management
conditions.
•
An immediate need for piggery development in the state is to control swine fever
through vaccination and control of endo-parasites with effective and cheap
anthelmentics on long-term basis.
•
The piglet mortality is high which can be reduced through better management
practices and administration of iron supplements to the new born.
POULTRY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
(Eggs and Poultry Meat 4.0)
23
4.0 Background
The poultry sector has strong presence in Chhattisgarh State. Broadly speaking there are
two major sections in the State poultry, (1) backyard traditional poultry sector which constitutes
almost 62 percent of the total poultry and (2) commercial poultry comprising of layers and
broilers. The backyard poultry comprises indigenous birds characterized by:
•
low input and low output management system
•
well adapted to local conditions
•
scavenging for feed
•
survival on negligible veterinary care
•
ability to protect themselves from predators and
•
having better brooding abilities
Traditionally backyard poultry forms a part of the livelihood system of households in
Chhattisgarh. The unit size is generally about 1-3 and few people keep more than 4 hens per unit.
The main source of income for such poultry farmers is from sale of pullets and adults. High
mortality from diseases that kill about 60 percent of the birds is the major problem of the
backyard poultry sector. The commercial poultry sector is growing mainly because of initial
foundation laid by the government with the support of GoI and the subsequent development of
the private sector. There are many registered firms that supply day old chicks regularly to the
farmers. The State also has two hatcheries and receives direct supply of chicks from other States.
About 42 large size layer farms with capacities ranging from 15000 to 5 lakh layers per farm
operate in Chattisgarh. The sector has strong research and disease support base and is well
integrated till the farm level.
The broiler sector is also growing fast buoyed by a high demand for meat. Broilers are kept
mostly by small-holders with very few large farmers in the business.
Distribution of Poultry Resources in Rural Chhattisgarh, 2003
Backyard poultry is maintained by all groups of rural households in Chhattisgarh but the
majority are from sub-marginal, marginal and small farmer households. On an average 21.5 percent
of the households in Chhattisgarh keep poultry
Duck rearing is also prevalent in the tribal regions and in areas of high poverty concentration
such as Bastar, Dantewada, Mahasamund, Sargujan and Raipur. South Chhattisgarh has a sizable
population of Muscovy ducks, mostly reared for their meat.
4.1 Chicken production
At present the State produces 80.55 lakh kilos of chicken meat (as per the calculations of
the poultry group) with a per capita availability of 402 gram per annum which is lower than the
recommendations of the draft national poultry policy 2005 which is 1.65 kilos per annum. As per
consumption pattern ( 4 0.250 kilos per anum) the present demand can be estimated at 13.6 MTs
per day and is expected to increase to 24.50 MTs per day by 2012 ( at an average growth rate
of 3.75 percent per annum.
4
As per 1993 consumption of some important commodities NSS 50th round 1993-94
24
Table-15 State chicken production (lakh kilos/annum)
Details
Produced
Demand as per
consumption
figures
330.00
Chicken Production ( lakh
80.55
kilos)
Per capita availability/ annum
0.40
1.65
( kilos)
Source: Calculations based on production of live poultry, 2007
Deficit
249.45
NB.GoI statistics does not reflect Chhattisgarh Poultry meat production.
4.2 Egg Production in Chhattisgarh
The egg production in the State has reached 6,614 lakh eggs during 2005-06.The average egg
per commercial layers is increasing but is still below the national average.The 5 per capita availability
of eggs annually in the State is 6 37.5. The production of eggs in the state is well within the
standards.
Table – 16. Estimation of Eggs Production from Improved layers in Chhattisharh
Sl.
No.
1
2000-01
No. of
3124.50
layers(000s)
174.00
2
Average
production
per annum
5436
3
Egg
production
(in lakhs)
Source: Basic Animal Husbandry
2001-02
200203
200304
2004
-05
200506
India
200506
2975.25 133799
3252.78
3166.2
3256.4
2954
182.43
199.40
200.68
221.92 222.28
258.29
5934
6313
6535
6555
345647
6614
Statistics, GOI, 2006
NB.GOI data & Livestock sector Plan, Chhattisgarh, 2007 there is difference in the number of
layers.
Raipur district has the largest population of poultry of which commercial poultry forms the
majority. The consumption demand for eggs is about 2,136.2 lakh which will increase to 4137.0
lakh. The State is thus surplus in egg production.
4.3 Target
The department should aim to reach a production target of 330.00 lakh kilos of chicken in
order to make 1.65 kilos per capita availability per annum.
In case of eggs, at present the State is purchasing half the eggs needed for meeting consumption
needs from outside the State. Chhatisgarh should aim to become self-sufficient in production and
then strive to be an exporter of eggs which is feasible within the timeframe of this Plan.
4.4 Poultry Development Plan ( also see annexure 4)
The following actions need to be taken towards achieving the targets of this Plan:
5
As per 1993 consumption of some important commodities NSS 50th round 1993-94
6
Only per capita availability figures are taken due to non availability of realistic figures
25
Reduce mortality, which is causing heavy losses by vaccinating birds against all the important
diseases.
Expand the commercial sector by supporting farmers in establishing more poultry farms.
Extend technical backstopping support and financial assistance to strengthen existing hatcheries
to meet the local demand.
Focus should also be on the desi fowls in the backyard units which account for over 62 per
cent of all fowls in the state.The recommended breeding policy for backyard poultry is selective
breeding in organized farms for large scale generation of breeding stock, particularly cocks for
supply to the backyard units. The goal is to improve the growth rate and body weight without
compromising the current levels of egg production.
Development of backyard poultry in the context of Chhattisgarh has high value especially in
alleviating poverty among the rural poor.Therefore it is essential to develop a functional institutional
design to meet the development objectives of the sub-sector especially to benefit the illiterate
traditional farmers. The Bangladesh backyard poultry development model and the Indian contract
farming model in broiler production can be suitably modified to meet the specific needs of the
state.
Development of village level institutions like SHGs and CIGs is crucial for the development
of the backyard poultry sector. The government will develop a project focusing on supply of
critical inputs like Ranikhet and Fowl Pox vaccines. Community poultry health workers identified
by the groups shall be trained by the department to administer vaccines and medicines to contain
losses from diseases.
The AHD should focus on backyard poultry based livelihoods and policy support to boost
the commercial poultry sector in the state. It should take advantage of the market conditions as
poultry egg and meat demand is set to soar.
Certain low cost technologies (termite harvesting, candling of eggs etc) found to be successful
in the Bastar region should be scaled up.
The private sector shall join hands with the government to share the responsibilities in the
event of any exotic poultry disease and towards any emergency preparedness.
Agricultural status should be given to the poultry sector so that the industry can enjoy
certain additional benefits.
Encourage private poultry industry initiatives through State Level Apex Poultry Development
Body to provide guidance, policy support and monitor the development of the sector.
Support for research in commercial poultry sector should be reduced significantly because
the private sector is more advanced in this segment. Instead, poultry research and extension
should focus on smallholder backyard production with emphasis on ducks.
Retain selected State poultry breeding farms to conserve and improve the genetic pool of
indigenous breeds.
Review alternate use for loss making poultry farms such as leasing to private sector, publicprivate joint ventures or use as farmers training centre.
26
Animal Nutrition Development Plan
Feed and Fodder Development
27
5.0 Background
Feed and fodder are the most critical inputs in livestock production. The livestock in
Chhattisgarh however suffer from a shortage of these inputs in terms of both quantity and quality.
The probable reasons for poor feed status could be (i) huge livestock population in relation to
available feed resources, (ii) frequent drought leading to seasonal feed shortages, (iii) poor
productivity of common grazing lands due to inappropriate management, and (iv) small landholdings
are predominated by use for production of staple crops with almost negligible area allocated to
fodder crops. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that despite shortage of feeds and fodder
there is a huge wastage of existing fodder resources due to a lack of information on their potential
use as feed, lack of production technologies and improved management systems. The current
livestock population in the State requires 124 lakh MTsof dry fodder, 372 lakh MTs of green
fodder and 37 lakh MTs of concentrate feed for meeting its maintenance and production
requirements. But the availability is much less resulting in heavy deficit of feeds for the animals.
The deficit in green fodder is huge which could be due to farmers not being used to grow green
fodder crops in the state.
5.1 Plan
This Plan strongly focuses on improved feeding to achieve the increased yields in each of the
sub-sectors. The second thrust of this Plan would be to economize the production costs through
the development of low cost feed using local resources.
5.2 Strategy
Improve feed and fodder resource by capacitating livestock producers and local bodies
through provision of information, skills, technologies and management.
Promote dual-purpose (human food and biomass as animal feed) crops, leguminous fodder
crops as intercrops and forage production on rice bunds and multi-utility fodder trees.
Encourage farmers to intensively use available rice straw by improving its quality through
interventions such as chaffing and urea treatment.
Improve management of common grazing lands to enhance their productivity and remove
encroachments on such lands by promoting users’ associations and participation of Panchayati
Raj Institutions and civil society organizations. If needed, assist these institutions through financial,
technical and legal backstopping.
Promote ‘community fodder banks’ to overcome fodder scarcity in lean seasons.
Promote Private sector and cooperatives to produce and market balanced compound cattle
and poultry feed.
Support and promote higher production of hybrid maize, soybeans, and oilseed crops which
are used in compound feed ingredient to meet the demand.
There are serious concerns regarding food safety and the environment associated with
growth of intensive, commercial livestock and poultry sector. In the recent years public concern
about the safety of foods of animal origin has heightened due to problems like the mad cow
disease, bird flu etc. Animal feed production must therefore be subjected to in the same way as
human food production, quality assurances including safety systems on the principles of Hazard
28
Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. Applying HACCP principles ensures that all
potential safety hazards are thoroughly analyzed, assessed and effective systems for monitoring
the critical control points are in place for adhering to the stringent parameters.
The state needs to have an animal nutrition laboratory to test feed quality and toxin levels
like aflatoxin etc. The BIS standards for feed ingredient quality control shall be the basis of animal
feeding and nutrition and this needs to be notified as such by the government.
Macro-and micro-nutrient mapping of Chhattisgarh done in conjunction with academic and
ICAR institutions can be very useful for planning and reducing the mineral deficiency in livestock.
Focus on balancing macro and micronutrient requirements in the nutrition of livestock and
poultry to optimize production.
5.3 Some key interventions
•
In collaboration with the Department of Agriculture special efforts will be made to
enhance production of hybrid maize, soybean and other oil crops to meet the demands
of the growing livestock sector.
•
Government shall improve access to new knowledge in fodder cultivation, seeds of
improved varieties and their conservation.
•
The seed industry shall partner with research institutions for development of new
varieties of fodder crops to meet the requirement of the growing seed market.
•
Special emphasis shall be laid on development of dairying in irrigated and peri-urban
areas with an efficient and sustainable fodder base. In a predominantly subsistence
farming system supporting very low producing non-descript animals, the indigenous
knowledge base on animal feeding and management should be improved through
simple technologies.
•
Promote use of unconventional feeds and fodder tree crops, which are abundantly
available in the state.
•
Promote use of chaff cutters in order to reduce wastage and make roughage suitable
for animals to chew.
Input to grow feed and fodder
The department and the Agriculture /Veterinary Universities must develop facilities to grow
grass roots and sell slips to farmers or support lead farmers who can provide fodder slips and
propagate fodder cultivation among other farmers. The infrastructure in the existing dairy farms
and in some other government farms can be developed to meet the requirements.
Regionally explicit operational plans need to be prepared for propagation of appropriate
species.
6.1 Northern hilly area
Stylo hemata, subabul and other fodder grasses like hybrid napier, guny grass etc. can be
propagated.
29
Chhattisgarh plains
•
Crop- Sorghum, multicut bajra, berseem, lucerne, soyabean, ground nuts, hybrid Napier,
guny grass etc.
•
Crop suitable for growing on rice bunds- Sudan, babul, white babul, pigeon pea,
soobabul etc.
Bastar plateau
30
•
Crops-Small millets like kodo, kulki, ragi, sesame, jowar, pigeon pea , mung and urad.
•
Other grasses and duel purpose crops, fodder tree.
ANIMAL HEALTH AND SERVICES PLAN
31
6.0 Background
•
The Department provides livestock services to the farmers through its network of
institutions. The department’s institutions include 708 veterinary dispensaries, 208
veterinary hospitals and 385 AI centers covering about 2.2 crore livestock.The average
animal coverage per institution is 16,700 which is a large burden on the officers to
provide timely and quality services. The animal mortality rate was between 12 to 23
percent for the period 2001-2006 mainly because of diseases such as foot and
mouth disease, hemorrhagic septicemia, anthrax, black quarter and PPR. There is
lack of extension, training and skill enhancement for all stakeholders in this sector
and the result is that an information system linked to animal health is nearly missing.
Provision of quality livestock health services would be the main objective of this Plan.
6.1 Strategies
•
Increase the access to health and breeding services through doorstep service delivery
mechanisms.
•
Focus should be on disease control and prevention gradually reducing State
expenditure on curative aspects.
•
Improve the diagnostic mechanisms to meet the challenges of emergency diseases.
•
Capacity building of all functionaries shall be taken up to meet the new challenges in
this field.
•
Encourage establishment of an effective para-veterinary service delivery system
through private or public- private partnership.
6.2 The Operational Plan
6.2.1 Restructuring the Animal Health Services
32
•
Strengthen the Department’s infrastructure and manpower in order to provide timely
and quality services.
•
Retain key services such as prophylactic vaccination, disease surveillance and
monitoring etc that have a public goods characteristics with the Department.
•
Encourage private partnership in artificial insemination, disease diagnosis, veterinary
first aid and clinical treatment.
•
Access to animal health services is crucial to protect livestock against diseases. At
present, animal health services are thinly spread. Creating a cadre of trained para
veterinarians at village level would help in improving delivery of services at least for
those that are minor in nature.
•
Veterinary hospitals, dispensaries and livestock aid centers in selected districts will
be upgraded into mobile practices delivering the services at the farmer’s doorstep.
The veterinary and the para veterinary officers involved in the mobile practice will
be allowed to treat door step delivery of services as a private arrangement between
the practitioner and the farmer.
•
Mobility of veterinary staff should be promoted and the department should conduct
animal health melas and infertility camps especially in remote areas at regular intervals
with emphasis on prophylactic control.
•
Under the new livestock policy, the overall role of the department would be redefined
to focus on prevention and control of animal diseases and livestock development.
Delivery of services like veterinary care and artificial insemination will be reconfigured
into mobile practices and later would give way to private professional practice
delivering the inputs at the farmers’ door-steps as paid services.
Service Charges
State will collect service charge for livestock vaccinations, treatment,AI, and diagnostic services
etc., as prescribed by the government. Service charges will be used to improve the quality of
service delivery with a state bylaw. The State run animal health care section and CSLDA should
get a share of the service charges at agreed percentages.
6.2.2 Specific Disease Control Programme
Control of Common Infectious Diseases
The government of Chhattisgarh shall take up a coordinated program in consultation with
the central government and the neighboring States for control and prevention of FMD, PPR in
sheep and goat, RD in poultry and swine fever in pigs.
Control of Zoonotic Diseases
State will also take steps to identify brucella infected zones in the state to eradicate the
disease and will make mandatory certification for brucella for all newly purchased cattle and
buffaloes from other states, especially among breeding bulls. The state shall create infrastructure
to quarantine breeding male and female sheep and goat to keep the state bluetongue and brucella
free. The state shall initiate a programme to contain anthrax in animals which is a communicable
disease to human beings.
Control of Parasitic Diseases
The gastro-intestinal parasites are a major problem as they inflict heavy production losses
and mortality in all species of livestock in the State.The knowledge of their life cycle, measures for
prevention and treatment shall be shared with farmers.
Control of Other Diseases
Strategy to Control Animal Diseases
Disease like HS and BQ will be controlled through vaccination on “need basis”. Preventive
vaccinations in epidemic prone areas will be based on the state epidemic chart and strategies like
ring vaccinations and stamping out procedures shall be adopted during outbreaks.
An effective disease reporting system should be operationalised and data on disease outbreaks,
mortality, morbidity etc. should maintained systematically. Once the disease incidence data is
available for a few years, intensive vaccination for the respective diseases may be taken up in the
4-5 districts with the highest disease incidence as also vaccination in the cluster of villages with
the disease incidences in the previous year. Also containment /ring vaccination on fresh outbreak
locations.
Vaccines against diseases of sheep, goat and poultry will be stocked in distributed storage
points in the districts for timely vaccinations by village technicians under the supervision of
veterinarians.
33
The State will strengthen infrastructure for cold chain for efficient vaccine storage and
distribution up to end user.
Supply of Quality Vaccines and Cold chain
It will require enormous efforts to produce and procure quality vaccines. Hence the State
should have an assured and dependable quality vaccine supply system and supply network spread
across Chattisgarh. The main and satellite units to hold vaccines would be strengthened, reequipped and modernized with necessary infrastructure.
The State may consider setting vaccine and veterinary biological production centres with
private partnership with modern technology and know-how.
Diagnostic Laboratories
Chhattisgarh has 16 disease diagnostic laboratories spread across the State. Disease diagnosis
will be the priority so that disease control can be cheaper and less damaging. The State should
identify animal diseases affecting various species of livestock and also de-mark epidemic and
endemic vulnerable areas.This can be taken up by establishing an animal disease control institution
with support from the Veterinary College, Anjora. GIS tools can be utilized for mapping.
Disease incidence mapping
The department will prepare maps of each district denoting the livestock markets, animal
movement and transport routes so that it can be effectively used to contain spread of diseases in
the event of outbreaks. Inter state boundaries to Chhattisgarh and animal entry points shall be
marked to prevent entry of animals during disease outbreaks.
Strengthening disease diagnostic laboratories and disease diagnostic facilities
The existing diagnostic laboratories shall be strengthened to take up challenges of emerging
diseases. Recent methods of disease diagnosis would be employed. All districts in the State shall
have one centrally located disease diagnosis laboratory to meet the routine requirement and
process materials for referral laboratories. Veterinary college, Anjora and State Animal Disease
Diagnosis Laboratory Raipur will be the primary institutes to meet the requirements including
the Indian Veterinary Research Institute and Hi-Tech lab of Bhopal.
Bio-securely at all level
Measures to improve Bio-security at all levels in the State where large livestock production
density is high shall be followed. The State has a potential risk from herds and flocks coming from
Gujarat and Rajasthan on migration to Chhattisgarh.
New Disease (Exotic) and contingent plan for control
The recent Bird Flue threat provide several lessons. Risk and losses due to exotic diseases
will continue globally. Therefore, it is crucial for the state to have a contingency plan at hand.
6.3 Animal Health Services
Change from Animal Treatment focus to Animal Disease Prevention focus
The present focus of the Animal health services is on direct interventions for mass
control of disease and shift away from individual treatment. The major shift proposed in this
Plan is a regional disease control strategy and development of ‘disease free zones’.
34
Define roles of public and private goods in livestock services
It is important to clarify the roles and responsibilities of the State, the private sector actors
and individuals for animal health services so that resources can be applied in a concerted manner
and public funds are utilised effectively.
Disease Reporting System
At present there is under reporting on incidences of infectious diseases / epidemics in the
state. An effective disease reporting system should be put in place and staff trained to implement
the same. Staff should be encouraged and motivated to report accurately for the development of
effective control and management strategies.
Service Delivery
Northern
hills
Chhattisgarh
Plains
Southern
plateau
Mobile Service Delivery
Vaccination, disease identification/control
Disease Monitoring & Surveillance linked to
GIS
Privatization of Services of Private Good
**
*****
****
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****
Village level Paravets Vaccination, First aid &
Extension
Disease Free Zones
*****
*****
*****
*
*
*
*****
*****
*****
**
*****
*****
**
*****
**
Diagnostic Laboratory & Service rapid
deployment force
*****
*****
*****
Educational Reforms Training centers&
Veterinary college
Biological Production Unit under Public-Private
Partnership
**
*****
***
Effective cold chain & Mobility of Service
Provider
Vaccination, Extension
Training Institutes
VO, AVFO & Paravets
Quarantine Stations All animals
**
Performance Appraisal System
*****
*****
Participatory Programme Monitoring &
*****
*****
Evaluation
Source: Workshop on Chhattisgarh Livestock Plan, Raipur, 2007
*****
*****
35
HUMAN AND INSTITUTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
36
7.0 Background
The State’s Vision 2010 has identified livestock and livestock products as one of the thrust
sectors for improving local livelihoods and generating employment. The animal husbandry sector
is likely to enjoy increased policy attention and possibly greater private and public investments in
the coming years as one of the key elements of capitalizing on the primary sector resources.
Hence, this is an opportune juncture to formulate a coherent policy and investment plan for the
livestock sector.The department is mandated with providing veterinary health services, improving
breeds of livestock, preservation and development of indigenous species; and extending the benefits
of livestock rearing to the poorer sections in the State. Allied functions of AHD include research
and development, development of fodder and other inputs, promotion of dairy development,
monitoring and evaluation, regulation and supervision of the sector (including implementation of
key Animal Husbandry related laws), and human capacity development of the sector.
The Directorate of Animal Husbandry (DAH) is the key implementing arm of the state for
all animal health services and dairy development and is headed by a full-time Director,.The Director
is assisted by, Joint and Deputy Directors,Veterinary surgeons, finance and administrative personnel,
and other support staff at Raipur. At the field level, the AHD is divided into three revenue divisions
which are structured into 16 district level units, with Joint and Deputy Directors for managing the
department’s schemes and services. The Joint Directors and the regional heads supervise and
guide district level offices and manage veterinary hospitals/dispensaries, research laboratories,
mobile units, specialised facilities (e.g. semen storage unit, LN2 plant, breeding centre, etc.), AI
centres and sub-centres etc. District level Deputy Directors have similar jurisdiction and cover
matters and functions relating to establishment, budget and accounts, animal health, animal
husbandry, monitoring and planning, statistics and evaluation, extension services including training,
publicity and propaganda. There are about 300 veterinary professionals and more than 1,400
frontline veterinary staff catering to the needs of the whole state.
7.1 Strategy
Restructure and re-energize existing organizational and institutional set-up in the livestock
sector to improve its efficiency and promote new institutional models to accelerate the growth
of livestock sector. Please refer to figure.
Educating the farmers through demonstration on economic benefits from improved/new
methods and breed. Structuring institutions and decentralization of trainings and extension and reach up to block/village level.
Build the capacities that enable livestock owners to learn and apply new methods of
livestock management that bring them immediate economic returns. This can be taken
up on a pilot basis.
The strategy that focuses on provision of services from fixed service centers (AH hospitals
and dispensaries) requires a change to respond to the needs of the farming community and their
constraints. The Department has already started initiatives to provide mobile services but the
demand far exceeds what the department is able to deliver at the doorstep. There is a need to
increase the reach of mobile service centers while also ensuring the efficiency and accountability
of the services delivery system.
Strengthen the R&D wing to fight against diseases like Bird Flu which have a high negative
impact on livelihoods of small holders.
Strengthen the disease reporting system through development of an MIS system.
37
Build strong coordination within the green sector, finance, planning, environment, revenue,
panchayati raj, labour and employment,
Integrate livestock programmes in watershed development as a means of livelihood support
for poor and marginal households.
The department has to play the role of a facilitator and regulator with the commercial and
private sector who are playing a larger role in the livestock sector development. It needs to
establish regular contacts with fodder seed markets, meat and egg markets, concentrate on feed
manufacturers and pharmaceutical firms.
7.2 Plan
Capacity Building of Staff
In order to address the needs of the changing scenario and to remain effective the livestock
Department has to improve its skills in management, working with communities and with new
technologies. The Department requires additional skills to plan projects, implement them
efficiently and document the outcomes with a regular reporting and feed back to the
Government and sponsoring agencies.
New Shifts and Opportunities
The department should also to be open to new opportunities in terms of projects
and programmes of the Government of India and other donors that have a component for
improvement of livestock and poverty alleviation. It has to liaise with research institutes and
universities within and outside the State including the ICAR Institutions to train the staff
members in new know-how.
Monitoring, Reporting, Documentation and Media Management
Monitoring and feedback systems are vital inputs in efficient management systems. Effective
management information systems (MIS) with indicators that are simple to collect and process will
be in place at all levels of Livestock department. This MIS will include both physical and financial
plan achievements as well as some qualitative aspects. It has the additional responsibility of
bringing back to the people the achievements and the opportunities that the livestock
department is offering from time to time. Documentation, public liaison, dissemination of
knowledge and interaction with media will be carried out by the newly created HID cell.
AHD Institutional level
Although livestock holdings are largely in the hands of smallholders a new class of
entrepreneurs (organized farms) are emerging that demand better access to new technologies
and quality services.This policy seeks to provide a framework within which both these trends can
be supported in the interest of protecting and augmenting the livelihoods of the poor and facilitating
the economic development of the state.
Chhattisgarh State Livestock Development Agency (CSLDA)
CSLDA is a new organisation created as an autonomous and professional agency under the
“National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding” (NPCBB) with the objective of breed
improvement of cows and buffaloes in the State.The programme is fully funded by the government
of India. The AHD is the administrative Department for it. The CSLDA needs to strengthen its
service delivery system with a robust supply chain. Its success lies in meeting new changes that
come up with breed improvement. Thus training of staff members and Private AI workers is vital.
38
The CSLDA has a technical segment and a managerial wing- both require training support on a
continuous basis.
Raipur Dugdha Sangha ( RDS)
Dairy development, especially small-holder dairies is a thrust area for the government with
an aim to reduce poverty and creation of employment. This is currently supported by NDDB.
The support of NDDB is to make the union as autonomous and operate as commercial enterprises
managed by producer -members.
Veterinary College, Anjora
This college offers veterinary graduate and postgraduate courses and has facilities for research
leading to award of PhD. It is an important institution grooming the next generation of animal
husbandry workers in the State. However it is felt that the curriculum of graduate course requires
modifications to include issues of community based animal health care and strengthening extension
and training.
Bastar Integrated Livestock Development Project (BILDP)
The Project has been the testing ground of several technical and extension management
related innovations - promotion of self-help groups, village facilitators (para-veterinary extension
workers in villages), and Project Village Committees. It is currently working in about 435 villages.
The institute has a 24-bed hostel for farmers. The BILDP needs to be the centre of excellence for
poverty alleviation issues, training and methodology development centre for subsistence farmers.
The District Rural Development Agencies ( DRDA) / Zilla Parishad/Integrated Tribal Development
Project(ITDP) also have the common objective of improving livelihoods of the poor from
livestock husbandry.
NGOs and Private Sector:
The JK Trust, an NGO, has been contracted by the AHD to promote AI on a mass scale in
selected districts of the state. They have developed 527 Intensive Livestock Development (ILD)
centres spread across 9 districts of Chhattisgarh (2006-2007).
Breeders Associations,Voluntary Agencies and Non-government Organization
(NGOs) The scope for Animal Husbandry Department to work along with NGOs and utilize
their strength, especially to motivate village communities and disseminate skills and technology
is very high.
New Institutions
District Level Committee on livestock resource development shall be
responsible for dissemination of breeding and animal health services in the districts. They
will monitor the developments and funds generated from user fees. The committee shall have
representation from all stakeholders including PRIs.
Animal Husbandry extension is virtually non-existent and is limited to offering advisory
service to farmers. Establishment of a Livestock Management Extension and Training
Institutes train officers of Livestock Department in coordination with existing training institutions
like AVFO Training Centres and University is vital
Another body within the department, District Training and Extension unit will function
under the control of district animal husbandry to reduce knowledge gap of farming community
and department staff members. Cattle Service Commission: Recently, the State has passed
39
the Go-seva Adhiniyam and has set up a Go-seva Ayog. Eleven Go-salas are functioning in
Chhatisgarh with about 5000 cattle. There is a need to coordinate their functioning so that they
may become centers for cattle improvement in addition to their mandate for providing care to
old and sick cattle.
Organised private sector: This sector has become active in dairying and poultry in the
last couple of years.The informal private sector ranges from the itinerant traders of meat livestock
(pigs, goat, sheep, poultry, ducks, etc.), milk traders especially near urban areas to the traditional
pashu vaids (traditional animal doctors/healers) operating in some districts. Four abattoirs are
functioning under the AHD. The private sector however remains under-developed resulting in
the state being a net importer of dairy and poultry products from neighbouring states.
Other State Departments: Several schemes for agricultural and rural development are
implemented by other state government departments that have linkages with the livestock sector.
The state has recently set up an Administrative Training Institute in Raipur to provide basic and
refresher courses to functionaries from all Government departments.
In recent years poverty alleviation and improving employment opportunity
through livelihood programmes is the main focus in rural development There are
many stakeholders and several programmes. To cite a few:
•
Centrally sponsored schemes: Chhattisgarh government is implementing both
long-term and short-term livestock sector programmes with assistance from Centrally
sponsored programmes principally the Department of Animal Husbandry and
Dairying. There are several other Ministries dealing with specific components of
livestock sector like wool, value addition and processing of livestock products etc.
They also sponsor such programmes of the State government.
•
NABARD and other banks are sponsoring Livestock related
programmes for weaker section and commercial entities with subsidy under
their priority sector lending.
In most of the livelihood, employment and income generating activities livestock
component remains strong. The department thus has the responsibility to coordinate and monitor
their operations and interface with the line functionaries at the field level.
40
EXTENSTION & TRAINING
DEVELOPMENT PLAN
41
8.0 Background
Extension is still a weak area in the department. The line Departments involved in extension
are the State Agriculture University through Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) and Krishi Gyan Kendras
(KGKs). Other Government of India programmes support extension work through the
establishment of ATMAs, milk cooperatives, community based organizations (farmers cooperatives,
self help groups, farmer interested groups, etc.), para extension workers (contract farmers,
community animal health link workers, master farmers, gosevaks) etc. Radio, television, private
cable channels, etc also play an important role in disseminating messages to villagers. In future
the department would continue to play an important role in dissemination. The large section of
the marginal and landless would continue to depend on services from the public sector.
The Department is constrained by lack of training facilities. At present four centers located
at Jagdalpur (BILDP and AVFO training centre), Mahasamundhar and Anjora conduct training
programmes for their staff and farmers. The key areas where training support is needed are:
Table-17 key areas of training required
User group
Need and demand analysis
Knowledge
areas
Skill areas
Attitudinal
42
AHD Functionaries
Awareness about the LSRPD Vision,
policy, plans, goals, and objectives
Information and education on the interlinkages with other similar policies of the
GoCH
New tools and techniques vis-à-vis
livestock
Awareness
building
about
various livestock schemes and
benefits thereof
Awareness
about
related
schemes of GoC for socioeconomic development
information and education on Best practices and success stories from
better usage of the schemes the livestock sector
etc.
Tools and techniques for knowing needs
and wants of the user group.
Techniques of fodder and feed Tools and techniques for preventive
development
health management
Techniques for preventive Tools and techniques for curative health
health management
management
Techniques for curative health Tools and techniques for breed
management
management and artificial insemination
Techniques
of
simple Communication skills; Team work and
Conflict
resolution;
commercial exploitation of collaboration;
Leadership, supervision, and influence
assets.
skills; Environment management
Conceptual Skills) Envisioning and seeing
the big picture; (ii) Foresight and action
planning; (iii) Creative problem solving;
(iv) Innovating and creativity on the job
Developing positive orientation Commitment towards work; (ii) Positive
towards
various
GoCH orientation; (iii) Self confidence; (iv)
schemes
Self discipline;(v) Initiative; (vi) Self
motivation
Developing positive
orientation
towards
new
methodologies,
tools
and
techniques of lifestyle and
socio-economic uplift.
8.1 Strategies
Understanding training needs and developing specific/ focused training modules is a crucial
aspect to enhance the competencies of people.
Building human resources within the department to support training programmes so that
external dependence can be minimised.
Establish extension and training system to create awareness, improve livestock production
through transfer of technology to the farmers.
The new extension approach of Chhattisgarh State recognises the role of a multi-agency
extension service, which shall promote private extension that can complement and supplement
public extension.
8.2 Plan
Conducting needs assessments of the staff for development of a training curriculum.
Identification of competent young professionals and grooming them to become specialized
trainers. Department shall have a centrally located Veterinary Officers Training Centre and the
existing AVFOs training Centers shall be strengthened. The State has to improve its physical
infrastructure of training institutes/centers to meet the requirements. The department should
come up with a HR policy for its staff.
Figure : Current organo gram of the department
43
Figure II Proposed Organogram for AHD, Chhattisgarh
44
REFERENCES
1.
17th Indian Livestock Census, Chhattisgarh-Livestock,Poultry,Agricultural Machinery&
Implements and Fishery Statistics-2003, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture,
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying& Fisheries, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi .
2.
Ahuja V., P.S. Georges, S. Ray, K. E. McConnell, M. P. G. Kurup, V. Ghandi, D. UmaliDeiniger, and C. de Haan. 2001.“Agricultural Services and the Poor: Case of Livestock
Health and Breeding Services in India.” Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad,
India.
3.
Animal Husbandry Activities Annual Plan 2007-08, Government of Chhattisgarh, Raipur.
4.
Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics. 2006. Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture,
Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying& Fisheries, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi,AHS
Series-10.
5.
BILDP, various project documents, leaflets, power point presentations.
6.
Birthal P.S. and Raju S.S., n.d. (forthcoming): Macroeconomic Dimensions of Livestock
Sector of Chhattisgarh. Draft 2006. National Centre for Agricultural Economics and
Policy Research, New Delhi
7.
Budget 2006-07, Department of Institutional Finance, GoC, Website url: http://
cgdif.nic.in accessed on Sept 25 2006
8.
C de Haan,T.S.van Veen,Brian Brandenburg, Jerome Gauthier, François Le Gall, Robin
Mearns and Michel Simeon. 2001. Livestock Development-Implications for Rural
Poverty, The Environment, and Global Food security. The World Bank, Washington,
D.C.
9.
CALPI, 2004, Report of the CALPI Sensing Mission July 2004, September 2004
10.
CALPI., Livestock Sector Review and Policy Development in Chhattisgarh: First Draft
of Sub-Sector Study Reports (Based on Secondary Data)
11.
Candler, W., and N. Kumar, 1998. The Dairy Revolution: The Impact of Dairy
Development in India and the World Bank’s Contribution. Washington D.C.: World
Bank.
12.
Chhhattisgarh AHD sub-sector report on performance of livestock and Poultry Farms,
2001-2002.
13.
Cunningham, E. P. 1999. “The Application of Bio-Technologies to Enhance Animal
Production in Different Farming Systems.” Livestock Production Science 58(1): 1-24.
14.
Czech Conroy, N.Sparks, D.Chandrskharan,A.Sharma, D.Shindey, L.R. Singh,A.Natarajan
and K.Anith .2005. Improving Backyard poultry Keeping.-A case Study from India.
15.
De Haan, C., and S. Bekure. 1991. “Animal Health Services in Sub-Saharan Africa:
Initial Experiences with Alternative Approaches.” World Bank Technical Paper 134.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.
16.
De Haan, C., H. Steinfeld, and H. Blackburn. 1997. Livestock and the Environment:
Finding a Balance. European Commission Directorate-General for Development,
Brussels.
45
46
17.
Delgado, C., M. Rosegrant, H. Steinfeld, S. Ehui, and C. Courbois. 1999. “Livestock to
2020: The Next Food Revolution.” 2020 Vision Initiative Food, Agriculture, and the
Environment Discussion Paper 28. International Food Policy Research Institute,
Washington, D.C.
18.
Delgado,C.L.M.W.Rosegrant,Henning Steinfeld, Simeon Ehui.1999. The Coming
Livestock Revolution. Background Paper No.6. Dept. of Economics & Social Affairs,
FAO, Rome.
19.
Department of Agriculture, GoC, Website url: http://agridept.cg.gov.in/anim_hus/
aboutus.htm accessed on Sept 25 2006
20.
Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy, n.d., GoC, Approach Paper to the XIth
Five Year Plan, Chhattisgarh, Raipur
21.
Department of Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
http://www.dahd.nic.in/animal.htm
22.
DixonJohn,A.Gulliver and David Gibbon.2001.Farming systems and poverty-Improving
Farmers’ Livelihoods in a changing World. FAO and World Bank, Rome and
Washington,D.C.
23.
Dolberg F 2001 A livestock development approach that contributes to poverty
alleviation and widespread improvement of nutrition among the poor. Livestock
Research for Rural Develoopment: http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd13/5/dolb135.htm
24.
Dolberg F 2003 Household poultry production and poverty alleviation: Learning
from the Bangladesh experience. Invited paper to the joint FAO-NDDB International
Workshop in “Livesotck and Livelihood: Challenges and Opportunities for Asia in
the Emerging Market environment”. March 24-26, 2003, Anand, Gujrat, India. Pp. 33.
25.
Dolberg F and Mallorie E and Brett N 2002 Evolution of poultry model- a pathway
out of poverty. Paper presented at the workshop,“People Fight with Poultry. Learning
from Bangladesh Experience” held in Dhaka, October 20-24, 2002, organized by
International Network for Family Poultry Development. Pp. 18.
26.
Ehui S.K., Ahmed M.M., Berhanu Gebremedhin, Benin S.E., Nin Pratt A. and Lapar
Ma.L. 2003. 10 years of Livestock Policy Analysis. Policies for improving productivity,
competitiveness and sustainable livelihoods of smallholder livestock producers. ILRI
(International Livestock Research Institute), Nairobi, Kenya.
27.
Enhancing capacity for strategic management of Policy in developing countries. IPC
MonographI,.!990.
28.
Eyvind Kristensen, Carl Erik Schou Larsen, Niels C Kyvsgaard, Jørgen Madsen and
Jørgen Henriksen.2004. Livestock Production - The twenty first century’s food
revolution (Discussion paper on the donor community’s role in securing a poverty oriented
commercialization of livestock production in the developing world)Livestock Research for
Rural development,16(1).
29.
GoC, 2003. Memorandum submitted to the Twelfth Finance Commission:Annexures.
Finance Department, Govt. of Chattisgarh, Nov 2003
30.
Holden Sarah, Steve Ashley and Peter Bazeley.1996.Improving the Delivery of Animal
Health Services in developing Countries-A literature Review.ODA, U.K.
31.
IGAD Livestock Policy Initiatives. PPLPF,FAO, Rome.
32.
India Livestock Sector Review: Enhancing Growth and Development. 1996.Agriculture
and Water Operations Division Country Department II, South Asia Region, Document
of the World Bank, Washington, D. C.
33.
Irfan A. Rizvi and Somnath Sen.2006. Institutional Development Animal
Husbandry(Draft final Report) Department Government of Chhattisgarh, India.
34.
Jensen H A 1996 Semi-scavenging model fro rural poultry holding. Paper presented
at the XXth World Poultry Congress, New Delhi, India, Volume I, Pp. 61-70.
35.
Jochim Tottee .2006.The Hens which Lays the Golden Eggs-why backyard Poultry
are so popular. PPLPI,FAO, Rome,
36.
Joshi,P.K.,Ashok Gulhati, Pratap S Birthal and LTtewari.2005.Agricultural Diversification
in South Asia: Patterns, Determinants, and Policy Implications. IFPRI< Washington,D.C.
37.
Leonard, D. K. 2000. “The New Institutional Economics and the Restructuring of
Animal Health Services in Africa.” In D. K. Leonard, ed. Africa’s Changing Markets for
Health and Veterinary Services. London: Macmillan Press.
38.
Lipton Michael.2005. The Family Farm in Globalizing World. The Role of crop science
in Alleviating Poverty. International Food Policy Research Institute. 2220Discussion
Paper 40.
39.
Livestock development in Chhattisgarh—.a sub-Sector study report, 2004 9Under
publication) CALPI_IC and AHD< Chhattisgarh.
40.
Livestock Sector Brief India.2005.Livestock Information, Sector Analysis& Policy
Branch, AGAL, Rome.
41.
Livestock Sub-Sector Strategy Paper.2000.DG Development-rural Development &
Food Security, EC.
42.
Livestock: a pathway out of Poverty, Medium-Term Plan,2006-2008. ILRI.
43.
Protecting Animal genetic Diversity for Food and agriculture.Animal genetic Resources
Group, FAO, Rome.
44.
Public Private Partnership. 2004.Government of India, Planning Commission, New
Delhi
45.
Rushton ,J.,D.Pilling and C.L.Heffernan.A Literature Review of Livestock Diseases
and their Importance in the :Lives of Poor People.
46.
Umali, D., G. Feder, and C. de Haan. 1992. “The Balance between Public and Private
Sector:Activities in the Delivery of Livestock Services.” World Bank Discussion Paper
163. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
47.
Veterinary Council of India Notification 1st April 1992.
47
Budget ( In lakh Rupees)
DAIRY DEVELOPMENT
Financial Proposed in Central Total fin
outlay 11th 5 year sector
outlay
req in
plan (state provision proposed
lakhs
plan)
State NADP.
1. Esta. Of AIC -Req AIC- 2626
2557 1320
0
937
2257
(@1200 breeda.popu/cent)
Setting up of AIC - 458 centers
137
0
0
137
137
to be equipped with AI facilities
Establishment of PAIW- 1493
720
0
0
720
720
to be inducted.
2. Liquid nitrogen
0
0
0
0
0
1 lit. /insemination
700
0
0
700
700
SB&FSBS
0
0
0
0
0
Transportation
0
0
0
0
3. Strengthening of LN& semen
0
0
0
0
0
transportation
1 Vehicle/dt
80
0
0
80
80
Container transportation &
0
0
0
0
0
storage
Induction of bulls for NS - to
1606 1000
456
150
1606
cover 20% breedable popu.Req.
- 10000 bulls
Strengthening of Frozen semen
1808
0 1658
150
1808
Bull Station & recurring exp.
Field Performance recording
515
0
415
100
515
[FPR]
Esta. Bull Calf Rearing Center
377
0
377
0
377
Performance linked incentives
1533
0 1533
0
1533
to Private AI workersStrengthening of 3 CBF- Con &
231
0
181
50
231
propo. Of Sahiwal & to set up
seed & fodder production unit
Strengthening of breeding
1148 1148
0
0
1148
service delivery - ILD centers
of JK trust
Gramotthan yojana
63 63
0
0
63
Organization of Infetility camps
243
0
0
80
80
Special prog to check calf
220
0
0
0
225
mortalityDewormer,
vaccinationTrg. & extension
Insurance of elite animals1125
0
0
750
750
subsidy in premium; 50%central sec. &25 % state sector
Activities
48
Gap
300
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
163
220
375
Special castration programme
(large & Small animal) - Proc.
Of cast.
Distribution of milch cow
Distribution of bullock pair
Special Livestock Prog.
Cattle development in bastar
dist.
A)Strengthening of cooperative
society District building of dairy milk
prod & infrastructure
Cattle development in bastar
dist.
Strengthening of Dairy lab
Integrated Dairy Development
Project
District building of dairy milk
prod & infrastructure
Additional Budget Demand for
Goshala
Total
189
0 189
10726 10726
19700 19700
75
75
1150 1150
0
189
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10726
19700
75
1150
0
0
0
0
150
150
0
0
150
0
100
100
0
0
100
0
1150
1150
0
0
1150
0
84
681
0
0
0
0
84
681
84
681
0
0
100
100
0
100
0
2112
0
2112
0 2112
0
49280 36682 6921
4619
48222 1058
49
Activities
HEALTH
Financial Proposed in 11th 5 Central Total fin
outlay
year plan (state
sector
outlay
req in
plan)
provision proposed
lahs
State
NADP.
Organization of cattle
camp
100.00 100.00
Foot & Mouth
vaccination prog.
60.00
30.00
Syst. Control of
animal dis.,Mobile
service delivery
300.00
22.50
Asst. to state for
cont. of ani. Dis.
4977.40 1244.35
Rinderpest dis.
Sur.[NPRE]
58.00
0.00
Est. of cold sto. For
vaccine
223.25 223.25
Vaccine & deworming
254.63
0.00
of Goats
Vaccine & deworming
of Pig
9.42
0.00
Vaccine & deworming
of Poultry
27.39
0.00
Est. of state level dis.
Investigation lab,
raipur
210.88
0.00
Mobile Service
Delivery :
705.00 176.25
Effective cold chain &
Mobility of Service
Provider
200.00
25.00
Total
50
7125.97 1821.35
Gap
0.00
0.00
100.00
0.00
0.00
30.00
60.00
0.00
0.00
22.50
45.00 255.00
0.00 3733.05
4977.40
0.00
0.00
58.00
58.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
223.25
0.00
254.63
0.00
254.63
0.00
9.42
0.00
9.42
0.00
27.39
0.00
27.39
0.00
210.88
0.00
210.88
0.00
0.00
528.75
705.00
0.00
0.00
95.00
120.00
80.00
502.32 4467.30
6790.97 335.00
Activities
Strengthening of pig
farm
Distribution of Pig
trios & pig units on
ex.
Strengthening of
Goat farm
Distribution of bucks
on exchange
Rabbit farming
Est. of new Goat
breeding farm at
Sarora
Pork Processing
plant, jashpur
Support fund to
cover operations
costs for centres set
up earlier
Establishment of
poultry Farm at
Mahasamund,
Dantewada, Bijapur,
Narayanpur, Jashpur,
Dhamtari
Establishment of Pig
Farm at Koria,
Jashpur, Kabirdham,
Dantewada
Total
MEAT
Financial Proposed in 11th 5 Central Total fin
outlay
year plan (state sector outlay
req in
plan)
provisi proposed
lahs
on
State
NADP.
Gap
136
0
136
0
136
0
1488
1488
0
0
1488
0
100
50
0
50
100
0
587
0
587
0
587
0
12
12
0
0
12
0
146
0
146
0
146
0
2735
0
2735
0
2735
0
960
450
0
0
450
510
1042
0
1042
0
1042
0
714
0
714
0
714
0
7919
1999
5360
50
7409
510
51
Overall financial Implications involved in proposed Livestock Development
& Breeding Policy
Activities
Financial Proposed in 11th Central Total fin
outlay 5 year plan (state sector
outlay
req in
plan)
provisi proposed
lahs
on
State NADP.
Gap
Dairy Development
49280
36682
6921
4619
48222
1058
Health
7125
1821
502
4467
6790
335
Meat
7919
1999
5360
50
7409
510
350
205
0
0
205
145
Feed & Fodder
HID
12153
203 11223
153
11578
575
Total
76827
40910 24006
7726
74204
2623
To implement the policy the department will have a deficit budget of rupees 26.23 million
which will be sourced from multiple agencies. In the donors coordination meeting credit institutions
have come forward to support the program by providing credit.
53
54
Annexure - 1
55
Annexure -2
56
Annexure - 3
57
Annexure - 4
58