Journal of
chnolog
ote
y
an
al of Na
urn
n
Jo
edicine & N
om
Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology
ISSN: 2157-7439
Montasser et al., J Nanomed Nanotechnol 2016, 7:3
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Open Access
Research Article
A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae (Laurencia papillosa) to
Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms
Montasser MS2*, Younes AM1, Hegazi MM1, Dashti NH2, El-Sharkawey AE3 and Beall GW4,5
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, Kuwait
3
Nanoscopy Science Center, Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, Kuwait
4
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
5
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
1
2
Abstract
This is the first report on a rapid green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using red algae (Laurencia
papillosa). The green synthesis of eco-friendly nanoparticles is of a great interest in nanoscience for biomedical
applications and specifically for clinical diagnostic applications. GNPs especially nanoprism represents a new
advanced tool to study cell function and useful in optoelectronics, in developing a drug delivery system to control
plant virus diseases and in nanomedicine. Conventional physical and chemical methods have been developed for
the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, but these methods are expensive and require the use of toxic and aggressive
chemicals. In this paper, it is demonstrated that a rapid, low coast and eco-friendly method for synthesis of gold
nanospheres and its conversion into gold nanoprisms has been developed. The method involves using water solvent
extract of L. papillosa as a reducing agent. Nanoscopy and computational analysis revealed that the nanoprism and
other different morphologies were obtained just by varying the concentration molarity of tetrachloauric acid (HAuCl4),
keeping the concentration of pure algal extract (PAE) constant. In the same time, we perform ImageJ analyses for the
size distribution of TEM images. The best concentration of AuCl4 was 5 mM and best concentration of the red algae
extract was at 0.05 g/ml. The functional groups responsible for conversion of nanosphere into nanoprism were NH
and OH groups found in the contents of the red algae extract. The as-synthesized gold nanoprisms were characterized
by several physicochemical techniques. The nanoprisms are single crystalline, whose basal plates surface are
atomically flat "111" planes. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for more applications in medicine, plant
virus diseases, and industrial technology.
Keywords: Gold nanoparticles; Nanospheres; Nanoprisms; GNPs;
Red algae; Laurencia papillosa, Nanomedicine; TEM; FESEM; AFM;
XRD; FTIR
Introduction
Currently, there is a growing need to develop environmentally
benign nanoparticles synthesis process without using toxic chemicals
in the synthesis protocols. The secrets gleaned from nature have led to
the development of biomimetic approaches to the growth of advanced
nano- materials. Gold nanoprism represents a new advanced tool to
study cell function and useful in optoelectronics [1-3], in developing
a drug delivery system using gene gun technology to control plant
virus diseases and in nanomedicine [4]. The green synthesis of ecofriendly nanoparticle is of great interest in Nanoscience for biomedical
applications [5]. This synthesis would be simpler, more economical
and free of adsorbed chemicals on the surface of as- synthesized GNPs.
Recently, several authors have been engaged in green synthesis of
GNPs with different sizes and shapes [6-9]. The phytochemicals from
the red algae served as an easy reducing and stabilizing agents for
GNPs synthesis [10]. There are several important factors that affect the
synthesis of nanoparticles, including pH of the solution, temperature,
concentration of the extracts, size and shapes of GNPs [11]. Trace
quantities of gold (Aureat, Au) and silver (Ag) nanoprism have been
observed as by-products of the methods that predominately produce
spheres nanoparticles [12]. Gold nanoprism have been used to study
cell function and catalysis [13]. No published data are available about
using the red algae Laurencia papillosa and the phytochemicals derived
from them as a strong reducing and stabilizing agent in conversion of
gold nanospheres into gold nanoprisms. The main objective of this
work was to study the feasibility of using Laurencia papillosa assisted
synthesis in production of gold nanosphere and the conversion into
gold nanoprisms.
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
Materials and Methods
Tetrachloauric acid (HAuCl4), (Sigma, Aldrich chemicals, USA)
was used without further purification. Initially different concentrations
(Table 1) of HAuCl4 solution (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM) were
prepared in sterile water [14]. Samples of Laurencia papillosa were
collected and then washed with fresh water repeatedly. Samples were
air dried in the shade for 5 days, then ground into small pieces. Five
grams of the dried samples were boiled in 100 ml sterile water for 5
min [15]. The boiled extract solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5
min at 5◦C. The centrifuged pellet was discarded and the supernatant
(PAE) was used for the synthesis of GNPs. The GNP were produced in
a one-step reaction, where each reaction had a total final volume of 4
ml with different concentrations of HAuCl4 each as shown in (Table
1). The PAE volume and concentration were kept constant, at room
temperature.
Bioreduction and optical properties
The bioreduction and optical properties of the freshly prepared
*Corresponding author: Montasser MS, Department of Biological Sciences,
Faculty of Science, University of Kuwait, Kuwait, Tel: 96524985657; E-mail:
magdy.montasser@ku.edu.kw
Received November 09, 2015; Accepted June 17, 2016; Published June 22,
2016
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et
al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae (Laurencia papillosa) to
Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/21577439.1000383
Copyright: © 2016 Montasser MS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 2 of 10
Exp No.
AuCl4
Conc.* (mM)
Reaction vol./ml
AuCl4 (10 mM Stock soln.) vol./ml
Water vol./ml
Total vol./ml of AuCl4 Stock conc.
1
0.25
4
1.25
48.75
50
2
0.5
4
2.5
47.5
50
3
1
4
5
45
50
4
2
4
10
40
50
5
3
4
15
35
50
6
4
4
20
30
50
7
5
4
25
25
50
*
Concentrations of AuCl4 and PAE at 0.05 g/ml each. Total volume of 4 ml of AuCl 4 and PAE mixture formed by adding 2 ml of PAE to 2 ml of AuCl4.
Table 1: Reaction conditions of GNPs synthesis using 10 mM of AuCl 4 at different concentrations.
GNPs were investigated by measuring the UV-Vis spectrum between
200-800 nm in a 10-mm-path-length quartz cuvette with a 1 nm
resolution (Agilent Cary UV-Vis NIR Spectrometer) [16].
Images of different as-synthesized GNPs were analyzed with Image
J freeware to measure the particle size, size distribution and surface
area [22-24].
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Results and Discussion
TEM samples were prepared via drop casting on the carbon-coated
grid [17]. TEM measurements were carried out on a JEOL model
1200EX instrument operated at an accelerating voltage 120 KV.
Bioreduction and optical properties
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
GNPs were prepared by solution-casting onto highly oriented
graphite substrate and analyzed by AFM [18] in the contact mode on a
VEECO digital instruments multimode.
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)
Morphology of the as-synthesized GNPs was studied [19] using
JSM-6763LA instrument
Crystalline structure of resulted GNPs
X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) measurements of films of the assynthesized GNPs solvent cast onto glass slides were done on a Bruker
AXS D8 Advance X-Ray Powder Diffractometer operating from 20 to
80° two theta at a voltage of 40 KV to determine the crystalline structure
of GNPs [20].
The color of solutions listed in Table 1 changed from yellow to pale
violet and finally ruby red, indicating the formation of GNPs (Figure
1a). There is an abrupt change in color between 2 mM and 3 mM. UVVis spectra recorded as a function of HAuCl4 concentration at room
temperature showed an increase of a Surface Plasmon Resonance
(SPR) band from 526 to 586 nm, clearly indicating the formation of
GNPs [25-28] with different peak intensity as shown in Figure 1b. The
absorption value at 526-586 nm was due to longitudinal excitation of
the SPR vibration as resulted from the light scattering and absorption
which is determined by the size of the GNPs, as the Plasmon band of
GNPs can range from 510 to 560 nm [29]. It can be seen that there is a
steady shift in the UV-Vis absorbance peak at 525 nm for 0.25 mM to
545 nm for 2 mM. The peak then shifts abruptly to around 570 nm and
becomes broader at concentrations above 3 mM. The UV-Vis spectral
trends confirmed the color changes observed visually.
Before Reaction
Functional group in PAE responsible for GNPs synthesis
In order to determine the possible functional groups of the
phytochemical present in PAE that help in the reduction of HAuCl4 to
GNPs and its stabilization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR) (RX spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) analysis
was carried out After the removal of the free biomolecules that were
not adsorbed by the nanoparticles after repeated centrifugation and
redispersion in water, the nanoparticles were subjected to FTIR analysis
[21].
After Reaction
Oxidation state of the as-synthesized GNPs
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were
obtained on a KRATOS-AXIS 165 instrument equipped with dual
aluminum-magnesium anodes using MgK radiation, operating at 5
KV and 15 mA with pass energy of 80 eV and an increment of 0.1
eV. The samples were degassed for several hours in the XPS chamber to
minimize air contamination on the surface [21].
Computational analysis
GNPs Size, Shape, and Distribution Analysis Using Image J and
Statistical Software. Image J is a public domain, image processing
program developed at the National Institutes of Health NIH. TEM
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
Figure 1a: Change of absorbance of as-synthesized gold nanoparticles obtained from the reduction of AuCl4
Figure
1a: Change of absorbance of as-synthesized gold nanoparticles
using Laurencia papillosa (increasing gold concentration moving from left to right).
obtained from the reduction of AuCl4 using Laurencia papillosa (increasing
gold concentration moving from left to right).
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 3 of 10
Figure 1b: UV-Vis Spectra of the Synthesized GNPs at Different concentration of AuCl4.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)
Different concentrations of AuCl4-PAE resulted in various
GNPs sizes of 3.5 nm up to 53 nm and various shapes of spherical,
hexagonal, octagonal, triangular and truncated nanoprisms (Figure
2). The results suggested that the biosynthesis of triangular and
truncated nanoprisms were formed in four steps: initiation, induction,
growth and termination as shown in Scheme 1. In the initiation
step, the spherical nanoparticles were seeded in different sizes. In
the induction step, the spherical nanoparticles were aggregated into
small triangular nanoprisms mixed with other crystal shapes. As
the concentration of AuCl4 increased, the triangular and truncated
nanoprisms grows into super crystals of nanoprisms (Figure 2). These
results correlated with the fact that weak reducing agents can generally
form bigger nanoparticles (nanoprisms) with different shapes. We
observed a flower-like structure filled in with triangular crystals, as
well as triangular structures filled in with artistically branched tree
or map-like images (Figure 3). Also, it was noticed that biequilateral
triangular nanoprisms and truncated nanoprisms were resulted from
the conversion of nanosphere using various concentrations of AuCl4
as shown in Scheme 1:
The resulted GNPs showed two types of triangular structures one
was flat and the other was of a hopper growth type as shown in Figure
4. The morphology of hopper crystals arises when crystal growth at
the edges is more rapid than the center growth. The hopper structure
is anticipated to be used as a starting point for more applications in
industrial technology and in medicine, especially in drug delivery
systems since it represents a higher surface area per mass.
1. The computational analysis of TEM images showed two types
of nanoprisms, one flat plate and the other type was hopper growth
triangular nanoprism (Figure 4). In general, nanoprisms shapes
represented ~90% of the total number of particles observed. This
considered a significantly higher number than what was reported
earlier [27]. The resulted GNPs ranged from 3.5 nm to 12 nm for
concentrations less than 2 mM. However, triangular nanoprism ranged
from 12 to 53 nm that often showed truncated nanoprism rather than
what was reported previously [27]. At concentrations greater than 3
mM a bimodal distribution of particles appeared where there were two
classes of particles. There was one class in the 30 to 50 nm range but
there were also very large crystals that were hundreds of nm in size. The
micrographs of the 5 mM best illustrate these phenomena. This change
in particle size distribution again correlates with color changes and the
UV-Vis spectra.
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
AFM analysis showed 3D, Heights, Amplitude, and mixed images
of GNPs including gold nanoprisms. The resulted surface indicated by
a dotted line through triangular axis was relatively smooth and flat for
the purely triangular particles but in the hopper crystals, the scan shows
a distinct valley between the edges as shown in Figure 5.
Crystalline structure of resulted GNPs
The crystal structures of the as-synthesized gold nanoprism
obtained after the reduction of HAuCl4 using Laurencia papillosa
extracts were identified using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy
analysis (Figure 6). The Bragg peaks equivalent to "111", "200", "220"
and "422" demonstrate the formation of crystalline gold nanoprism
[30]. The intensity of the "111" line would indicate that the face of
the triangular particles is the (111) type which is consistent with the
trigonal symmetry. All reflections are distinctly indexed to a facecentered cubic (fcc) phase of GNPs. All other diffraction lines arise
from the extracted algae components, byproducts of the reaction or
substrate. These results corroborate with earlier published literature
[28]. The presence of these four intense peaks corresponding to the
nanoparticles was in agreement with the Bragg's reflections of gold
identified with the diffraction pattern [29]. Thus, the XRD pattern
suggests that the GNPs were essentially crystalline in nature. Hence,
the simulated solution exhibited tremendous performance on the
synthesis of GNPs as that of Laurencia papillosa extract. Similar results
of XRD for GNPs synthesized using brown algae S. marginatum were
found previously [30].
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 4 of 10
Figure 2: TEM images with different concentration of AuCl4. A)0.25 mM, B) 0.5 mM, C) 1.0 mM, D) 2.0 mM, E) 3.0 mM, F) 4.0 mM, G) 5.0 mM and H) Average size
and standard deviation of GNPs sizes at different concentrations of AuCl4 and different Size of GNPs. Upper right corner showing Gaussian Distribution and Error
analysis by using Origin Pro 2015. According to Thresholding of TEM micrographs of different concentration using Imagej Software Analysis.
Functional group in PAE responsible for GNPs synthesis
In order to determine the possible functional groups of
phytochemical or proteins in PAE that help in the reduction of HAuCl4
to GNPs and its stabilization, the FTIR spectroscopy analysis was
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
carried out. The major stretching frequencies of Laurencia papillosa
extract were observed at 3396.03, 2126.13, 1644.98 and 625.78 cm-1
(blue line in Figure 7) whereas the stretching frequencies of GNPs were
observed at 3396.99, 1644.02 and 673.03 cm-1 (green line in Figure 7).
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 5 of 10
A
B
Figure 3: Crystal and Super crystal of nanogold observed in TEM by using Imagej analysis showing a flower-like structure filled in with triangular super
crystals (A), and triangular structures filled in with branched tree-/map-like images, and truncated triangular prisms including intensive 3D surface plot (B).
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 6 of 10
Figure 4: FESEM
images
of images
two types
of nanoprisms
structures:
Flat triangular,
arrow (A),
and(A),
Truncated
hopper hopper
structures,
arrow (B),
close
Figure 4:
FESEM
of two
types of nanoprisms
structures:
Flat triangular,
arrow
and Truncated
structures,
arrow
(B),up of single
flat triangular
structure
(C), single
hopperstructure
truncated(C),
triangular
nanoprism
(D), Plot
Profilenanoprism
Surface ofnanoparticles
using ImageJ
for the triangular
close
up of single
flat triangular
single hopper
truncated
triangular
(D), Plot Profile Surface
ofnanoparticles
using structures
(E) and truncated
using intensive
3D surface
plot ofstructures
imagej analysis
for flat
triangular
nanoprisms
and aanalysis
hopper for
nanoprism
(H).
ImageJhopper
for the structures
triangular (F),
structures
(E) and truncated
hopper
(F), using
intensive
3D surface
plot (G)
of imagej
flat
triangular nanoprisms (G) and a hopper nanoprism (H).
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 7 of 10
0
100
300
200
Distance (nm)
Figure 5:
AFM Images
nanoprism
structures:
Triangular 3D
B) Amplitude
nanoprism,
C) Height
view nanoprism;
andview
aggregated
Figure
5: AFMforImages
for hopper
nanoprism
hopperA)structures:
A) nanoprism,
Triangular 3D
nanoprism,
B) Amplitude
nanoprism,
C) Height
flower-like
shape: D)and
AFMaggregated
Plot Profile,flower-like
E) 3D, F)AFM
Amplitude,
AFM
Height
H) PlotAmplitude,
Profile Surface
using
Image.
nanoprism;
shape:
D) AFM G)
Plot
Profile,
E) and
3D, F)AFM
G) AFM
Height
and H) Plot Profile Surface
using Image.
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 8 of 10
Figure 6: X-ray diffraction pattern of as-synthesized GNPs.
Figure
Figure 7:
7: FTIR
FTIR Spectra
Spectra of
of Laurencia
Laurencia papillosa
papillosa extract
extract (blue
(blue line)
line) and
and as-synthesized
as-synthesized GNPs.
GNPs.
The major IR spectrum arises at 3396.03 cm-1 in the blue line, due to the
O–H stretching modes which are significantly reduced and become
sharper upon coordination with GNPs as shown in Figure 7 green line
[30], suggesting the role of phenolic groups in the reduction of HAuCl4
to GNPs. On the other hand, the IR spectrum at 1644.98 cm-1 (blue line)
was due to the presence of amide in proteins of Laurencia papillosa
[26]. The IR spectrum at 2126 cm-1 (blue line) due to the presence
of C=O carbonyl group disappeared as indicated in green line due to
the involvement of that protein in the reduction of HAuCl4 during the
synthesis of GNPs
Oxidation state of the as-synthesized GNPs
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data of gold nanoprisms
shown in (Figure 8) are indicating the binding energy (BE) of Au atoms.
J Nanomed Nanotechnol
ISSN: 2157-7439 JNMNT, an open access journal
The BE was observed at both ~84, and 88 eV resulted in the presence of
Au 4f7/2 and Au 4f5/2 respectively. The Au 4f7/2 core attributed to Au
(0) or metallic gold (Figure 8). The presence of Au0 on GNPs surface
helps to stabilize the GNPs from aggregations [30].
Computational analysis
TEM images with different concentration and different Size
of GNPs, Figure 2 showing thresholding of TEM in different
concentration by ImageJ Software Analysis (Binary Contrast
Enhancement). This is commonly used when detecting edges,
counting particles or measuring areas. A grayscale image is converted
to binary (a.k.a. halftone or black and white) by defining a grayscale
cutoff point. Grayscale values below the cutoff become black and
those above become white. Gaussian Distribution and Error analysis
Volume 7 • Issue 3 • 1000383
Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
Page 9 of 10
Green line
Figure8:8:XPS
XPSspectrum
spectrumofofAu
Auatom
atompresent
presentininas-synthesized
as-synthesizedGNPs.
GNPs.
Figure
Scheme 1: Induction of gold nanospheres into gold nanoprisms using different AuCl4 Concentrations
by using Origin Pro 2015 shown at the upper right corner of each
TEM micrograph.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge funding support for this research work from the
Research Administration, Projects No. SL04/15 and SL06/14 and SL 08/15, Kuwait
University, Kuwait. We extend our appreciations to Mr. Ahmed Mesalam Mohamed
for his assistance, the Research Sector Projects Unit (RSPU) and Nanoscopy
Science Center (NSC), Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
End Note
3. Boyd RW (1992) Nonlinear Optics, Academic Press, San Diego.
4. Singaravelu G, Arockiyamari JS, Ganesh KV, Govindaraju K (2007) Novel
Extracellular Biosynthesis of Monodisperse Gold Nanoparticles Using Marine
Algae, Sargassum Wightii Greville. Colloid Surf B: Biointerf 57: 97-101.
5. Vijayaraghavan K, Mahadevan A, Sathishkumar M, Pavagadhi S,
Balasubramanian R (2011). Biosorption and subsequent bioreduction of
trivalentaurum by a brown marine alga Turbinaria conoides. Chem Eng 167:
223-227.
6. Baker S, Rakshith D, Kavitha KS, Santosh P, Kavitha HU, et al. (2013) Plants:
Emerging as Nanofactories Towards Facile Route in Synthesis of Nanoparticles.
BioImpacts 3: 111-117.
This is the first report on green synthesis of Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using
red algae (Laurencia papillosa). The green synthesis of eco-friendly nanoparticles
is of great interest in Nanoscience for biomedical applications and specifically for
clinical diagnostics applications. GNPs especially nanoprisms represents a new
advanced tool to study cell function and useful in optoelectronics, in developing a
drug delivery system to control plant virus diseases and in nanomedicine.
7. Kuppusamy V, Mahadevan A, Sathishkumar M, Pavagadhi S, Balasubramanian
R (2011) Biosorption and Subsequent Bioreduction of Trivalentaurum by a
Brown Marine Alga Turbinaria Conoides. Chem Eng J 167: 223-227.
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Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey AE, et al. (2016) A Novel Eco-friendly Method of Using Red Algae
(Laurencia papillosa) to Synthesize Gold Nanoprisms. J Nanomed Nanotechnol 7: 383. doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000383
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Citation: Montasser MS, Younes AM, Hegazi MM, Dashti NH, El-Sharkawey
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