EMI Filters
Insertion Loss
FACTORS AFFECTING INSERTION LOSS
Insertion loss varies with frequency. It is determined by the
electrical configuration, source/load impedances and component
values. As a result of the nature of ceramic dielectric materials,
capacitance change (and therefore insertion loss) may be affected
by applied voltage, temperature and the age of the part. Insertion
loss can also be affected by load current due to ferrite saturation.
Electrical Configuration
A number of different electrical configurations are available in
feedthrough filters, including the common types shown below. A
single element filter (a capacitor or an inductor) theoretically
provides an insertion loss characteristic of 20dB per decade, a dual
element filter (capacitor/inductor) 40dB per decade whilst a triple
element filter (Pi or T configuration) theoretically yields 60dB per
decade. In practise, the insertion loss curves do not exactly match
the predictions, and the datasheets should be consulted for the
realistic figure. The choice of electrical configuration is made
primarily on the source and load impedances and may also be
influenced by the level of attenuation required at various
frequencies.
C Filter
This is a feedthrough capacitor with low self inductance. It shunts
high frequency noise to ground and is suitable for use with a high
impedance source and load.
L-C Filter
This is a feedthrough filter with an inductive element in combination
with a capacitor. It is commonly used in a circuit with a low
impedance source and a high impedance load (or vice versa). The
inductive element should face the low impedance.
Pi-Filter
This is a feedthrough filter with 2 capacitors and an inductive
element between them. Ideally, it should be used where both
source and load impedances are high.
T Filter
This is a feedthrough filter with 2 series inductive elements
separated by one feedthrough capacitor. It is suitable for use
where both source and load impedances are low.
Insertion loss figures are normally published for a 50Ω source
and 50Ω load circuit. In practise the impedance values will
probably be very different, which could result in either an
increase or reduction in insertion loss. The electrical
configuration of the filter (the capacitor/inductor combination)
should be chosen to optimise the filter performance for that
particular source/load impedance situation (see section above on
electrical configuration). An estimate of insertion loss for source
and load impedances other than 50Ω can be supplied. Please
contact our Sales Office.
Example of effect of different source and load impedances
The 2 graphs below show typical attenuation curves for C and T
filters in a) a 50Ω source load situation and b) a 10Ω source load
circuit. It can be seen that the C filter shows a reduction in
performance in a 10Ω system. In contrast, the T filter which has
an inductive element at each end shows an improvement in
performance.
80
80
C
C
T
Typical insertion loss in 50Ω system
40
20
0
1
10
100
1000
Frequency (MHz)
Typical insertion loss in 10Ω system
40
20
0
0.1
T
60
Insertion Loss (dB)
Insertion Loss (dB)
60
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Frequency (MHz)
Load current
For filters which include ferrite inductors, the insertion loss under
load current may be less than that with no load. This is because
the ferrite material saturates with current. The reduction in
insertion loss depends on the current and the characteristics of
FILTPANELISL.ver1
the particular ferrite material. In extreme cases the ferrite will
become ineffective and insertion loss will appear to be the same
as for a C filter.
EMI Filters
Insertion Loss Information - Solder and Screw Mount
Chart A - Typical Insertion Loss (dB), No Load. 50 ohm system
Capacitance
10pF
15pF
22pF
33pF
47pF
68pF
100pF
150pF
220pF
330pF
470pF
680pF
1nF
1.5nF
2.2nF
3.3nF
4.7nF
6.8nF
10nF
15nF
22nF
33nF
47nF
68nF
100nF
150nF
220nF
330nF
470nF
680nF
1µF
1.5µF
2.2µF
0.01MHz
0.1MHz
1MHz
10MHz
1GHz
1
2
4
7
10
13
16
19
23
26
30
33
36
39
41
44
46
48
50
54
57
60
62
66
68
70
70
70
70
4
7
10
12
15
18
22
25
29
33
35
39
41
45
50
52
55
57
60
62
65
68
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
SFBLC
SFKBC
SFTMC
SFBMC
SFKKC
SFUMC
C
1
2
4
7
10
C - Section Filters
SFAAC SFABC SFAJC
SFCDC SFCIC
SFCMC
SFLMC SFNOC SFSRC
1
2
4
7
10
13
16
19
22
25
29
SFAKC
SFJEB
SFSSC
1
2
4
7
10
13
16
19
22
25
29
33
35
38
41
45
48
1
2
4
7
10
13
16
19
22
25
29
33
35
39
41
45
49
52
55
58
61
64
66
SFBCC
SFJEC
SFSTC
SFBDC
SFJNC
SFSUC
Chart B - Typical Insertion Loss (dB), No Load. 50 ohm system
100MHz
Chart C - Typical Insertion Loss (dB), No Load. 50 ohm system
Capacitance
10pF
15pF
22pF
33pF
47pF
68pF
100pF
150pF
220pF
330pF
470pF
680pF
1nF
1.5nF
2.2nF
3.3nF
4.7nF
6.8nF
10nF
15nF
22nF
33nF
47nF
0.1MHz
1MHz
10MHz
T
1
T - Section Filters
SFBDT SFBMT SFLMT
FILTPANELISL.ver1
1
4
7
10
14
17
1
2
4
7
10
13
17
19
23
26
29
33
36
39
100MHz
1GHz
1
2
4
6
9
12
15
19
21
24
28
30
34
38
40
43
45
47
49
50
52
9
11
14
18
20
23
27
30
33
36
40
43
47
50
53
57
59
63
66
68
70
70
70
Capacitance
10pF
15pF
22pF
33pF
47pF
68pF
100pF
150pF
220pF
330pF
470pF
680pF
1nF
1.5nF
2.2nF
3.3nF
4.7nF
6.8nF
10nF
15nF
22nF
33nF
47nF
68nF
100nF
150nF
220nF
330nF
470nF
680nF
1µF
1.5µF
2.2µF
0.01MHz
0.1MHz
1MHz
10MHz
100MHz
1GHz
1
2
4
7
10
12
16
19
22
25
29
31
35
39
41
43
46
48
50
51
55
60
62
66
68
70
70
70
70
70
6
9
12
15
19
20
24
27
30
34
38
41
44
48
51
54
57
60
63
66
68
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
L-C
1
2
4
7
10
L-C Section Filters
SFABL
SFAJL
SFAKL
SFCIL
SFCML SFJEL
1
2
4
7
10
13
16
19
22
25
29
SFBCL
SFJNL
1
2
4
7
10
13
17
20
22
25
29
33
35
38
41
45
49
1
2
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
23
27
30
34
37
40
44
47
49
53
56
58
61
64
66
SFBDL
SFKBL
SFBLL
SFKKL
SFBML
SFLML
SFCDL
Chart D - Typical Insertion Loss (dB), No Load. 50 ohm system
Capacitance
20pF
30pF
44pF
66pF
94pF
136pF
200pF
300pF
440pF
660pF
940pF
1.36nF
2nF
3nF
4.4nF
6.6nF
9.4nF
13.6nF
20nF
30nF
44nF
66nF
94nF
0.1MHz
1MHz
10MHz
100MHz
1GHz
1
2
3
5
7
10
13
17
21
27
34
40
48
54
63
68
1
2
3
4
6
8
11
15
20
25
31
37
44
51
59
64
68
70
70
70
70
70
70
11
15
19
23
29
35
41
50
57
65
68
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
Pi
1
2
4
Pi - Section Filters
SFBCP SFBDP SFBLP
1
2
4
6
9
12
14
17
18
SFBMP
SFCDP
SFLMP