The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
The Dynamic Universe - from whole to local
• From Ptolemyy skies to FLRW cosmology
gy
• Hierarchy of physical quantities and theory structures
• The Dynamic Universe: The overall energy balance – cosmological
and
d llocall consequences
• Conclusions
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
From Earth centered to everywhere-centered universe
dt '  dt 1   v c 
dr '  dr
2
1  v c
2
Johannes Kepler († 1630)
Minkowski
Albert Einstein († 1955)
Friedman
Isaac Newton († 1727)
Aristarchus
velocity
c
velocity
c
time
time
Aryabhata
Galileo Galilei († 1642)
Nicolaus Copernicus († 1543)
F  ma
Planck
De Broglie
Dirac
Heisenberg
Bohr
Claudius Ptolemy († 168)
Schrödinger
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Hierarchy of physical quantities and theory structures
Contemporary physics
Dynamic Universe
time [s]
distance [m]
time [s]
dt
ds
t
Re: Kaarle ja Riitta
Kurki-Suonio, Fysiikan
merkitykset ja rakenteet
Spherically
closed
homogeneous
g
space
substance [kg]
distance [m]
v
r
p
m
Em
Zero-energy
balance
Erest(0)
Eg
Cosmology
Cosmology
- Redefinition of time and distance
- Constancy of the velocity of light
Celestial mechanics
- Relativity principle
- Equivalence principle
Relativity
y and ggravitation are
- Cosmological principle expressed in terms of
- Lorentz invariance
modified metrics
Relativity is expressed in terms of locally available energy
Relativity between object and observer
Relativity between local and the whole
- Maxwell equation
- Planck equation
- QM basis:
Dirac / Klein-Gordon
Schrödinger equation
Conservation of
total energy in
local structure
buildup
p
m  h0 
QM basis:
Erest(local)
Ekin
ECoulomb
Eradiation
h0     2 3e 2 0
Eg(local)
Thermodynamics
Electromagnetism
Celestial mechanics
  h c   kgm
Resonant mass wave structures
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The Dynamic Universe
• Spherically closed space, zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation
• Buildup of total energy in spherically closed homogeneous space
4
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
In search of the structure of space …
Einstein 1917,, ”Cosmological
g
considerations of the general
g
theoryy of relativity”
y
5
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Feynman ” Lectures on gravitation in 1960’ ”
In search of a finite structure …
“...One intriguing suggestion is that the universe has a structure analogous to that
of a spherical surface. If we move in any direction on such a surface, we never
meet a boundary or end,
end yet the surface is bounded and finite
finite. It might be that our
three-dimensional space is such a thing, a tridimensional surface of a four sphere.
The arrangement and distribution of galaxies in the world that we see would then
be something analogous to a distribution of spots on a spherical ball.
ball ”
… and energy balance in space …
… If now we compare the total gravitational energy Eg= GM 2tot/R to the total rest
energy of the universe, Erest = Mtotc 2, lo and behold, we get the amazing result
th t GM 2tot/R = Mtotc 2, so that
that
th t the
th total
t t l energy off the
th universe
i
is
i zero....
— Why this should be so is one of the great mysteries — and therefore one of the
important questions of physics. After all, what would be the use of studying
physics if the mysteries were not the most important things to investigate”
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Zero-energy
Zero
energy balance of motion and gravitation
Contraction
Expansion
Eg
Energy of motion
Em  M  c 02
time
contraction
GM 2
Eg  
R4
Energy of gravitation
expansion
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
Zero-energy
Zero
energy balance of motion and gravitation
Em  c 0 p  c 0 mc  mc 02
c0
GM "
Eg  m
R4
M "  0.776  M 
c 02 
GM "
R4
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Zero-energy
Zero
energy balance of motion and gravitation
c 02
FC  m
R4
Em  c 0 p  c 0 mc  mc 02
c0
c0
GM "
Eg  m
R4
GM "
Fg  m 2
R4
M "  0.776  M 
c 02 
GM "
R4
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
The Dynamic Universe
• Mass as wavelike substance for the expression of energy
• Unified expression of energy
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Quantum as the minimum dose of electromagnetic radiation
“A radio engineer can hardly think about smaller amount of
electromagnetic radiation than emitted by a single oscillation cycle of
a unit charge in a dipole.“
1.
We solve Maxwell’s equation for the energy of one cycle of
radiation emitted by a single electron transition in a dipole
2.
We apply the solution to a point source as a dipole in the
fourth dimension
3.
We apply the result for a unified expression of energies
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The energy of one wavelength of radiation emitted by a dipole
i
 02  0 4
dE
P
  c E ave dS 
s
dt
32 2 r 2 c


r
E
z0
 02  0 4
i  dS 
s sin
12 c
2
P N 2 e 2 z02 0 16 4 f 4
z  2
E  
 N 2  0   2    3 e 2 0 c  f
f
12 cf
 3
2
z0   , N  1
E  2    3 e 2 0 c  f  hf  h0  cf 
h
e 2 0
1
1
1




2h0
2    2 3 1.1042  4 3 137
h0

 c 2  m c 2
 kg 
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Unified expression of energy
ic
q1q2 0
h0
c0 c  N1 N 2
c0 c  c0 mc c
Coulomb energy Ec 
4 r
2 r
E  c0 p 
A unit cycle of radiation
The rest energy of mass
Kinetic energy
h0

cc0  c0 m c
Erest  c0 p 4  c0 mc  c0
Ekin  c0 p tot
h0
m
c
 h0
h
 c0  mc  cm   c0 
c  c  0

 m



ic
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The Dynamic Universe
• Conservation of energy in the buildup of local structures in space
• The system of nested energy frames
14
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
Zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation
E "m  0  c0 p  c0 mc0
m
E "g  0  
GmM "
R"
M”= 0.776 M
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Conservation of energy in interactions in space
Im0
E "m  0  c0 p  c0 mc0
Erest  0
Re
m
E "g  0  
GmM "
R"
M”= 0.776 M
m
E "g  0
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Conservation of energy in interactions in space
Im0
E "m  0  c0 p  c0 mc0
Erest  0
m
E "g  0  
GmM "
R"
m
E "g  
Im
Erest  
Re
 E "g  0
Re
M”= 0.776 M
cos  
E "g  
E "g  0 
 1  E " g
17
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Conservation of energy in interactions in space
E "m  0  c0 p  c0 mc0
m
m
E "g  0 
GmM "

R"
Erest    Erest  0 1   
E "g  
r
M
M”= 0.776 M
GmM
cos   1  E "g  1 
 1 
r
E "g    E "g  0 1   
18
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Conservation of energy in interactions in space
Im0
E "m  0  c0 p  c0 mc0
mc
m
E "g  0 
GmM "

R"
R 
Re
m
E "g  0
M”= 0.776 M
19
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Conservation of energy in interactions in space
1 v c
Im0 mc
E "m  0  c0 p  c0 mc0
m
E "g  0 
GmM "

R"
mc
mc 1   v c 
2
m
2
mv
mc
R 
Re
E "g   
E "g  0
M”= 0.776 M


1
Etot  c0 mc 
 1
 1 v c 2





The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Conservation of energy in interactions in space
Im0
E "m  0  c0 p  c0 mc0
m
E "g  0   
GmM "
R"
mv
Erest  0
Erest   
m
mv
m  c
Erest  0 Re
R 
E "g   
E "g  0
M”= 0.776 M
pr  v  m  m 
ptot  c  m  m 
Etot  c0  c  m  m 
21
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The system of nested energy frames
Hypothetical
yp
homogeneous
g
space
p
Erest  0,0  m0 c02
2
Erest  XG   Erest  0,0  1   XG  1   XG
2
Erest  MW   Erest  XG  1   MW  1   MW
Erest  S   Erest  MW  1   S  1   S2
Erest  E   Erest  S  1   E  1   E2
Erest  A  Erest  E  1   A2
n
2
Erest  Ion   Erest  A 1   Ion
Erest  n , n   Erest (0,0)  1   i  1   i2
i 1
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
Clocks in DU space
Substitution of the rest energy of electron
n
Erest  n ,4  Erest  0  1   i  1   i2
i 1
into Balmer’s equation results in characteristic frequencies
of atomic clocks
n
f local  f  0,0  1   i  1   i2
i 1
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The system of nested energy frames
H
Hypothetical
th ti l homogeneous
h
space
n
f local  f  0,0  1   i  1   i2
i 1
f  0,0
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The system of nested energy frames
H
Hypothetical
th ti l homogeneous
h
space
f  0,0local
f  ,  local
DU:
f  ,  local  f  0,0local 1    1   2
GR:
f  ,  local  f  0,0local 1  2   2
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Satellite in Earth gravitational frame (ECI frame)
Near-Earth
Near
Earth clocks
1
f, /f
0,8
0.6
0.4
0
DU
GR
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
2 = 
1
1
1


f  DU   f 0,0 1    1   2  f 0,0 1     2   4   2 
2
8
2


1
1
1


f GR   f 0,0 1  2   2  f 0,0 1     2   4   2 
2
8
2


The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
Experiments with atomic oscillators
- Hydrogen ions in canal-ray tube (Ives & Stilwell) 1939
- Mössbauer
Mö b
experiments
i
with
i h centrifuges
if
in
i 1960th
- Mössbauer experiments in tower in 1960th
- Cesium clocks in airplanes (Hafele & Keating) 1971
- Hydrogen maser to 10 000 km
km, Scout D (Vessot) 1976
- GPS satellite system 1980 –
- TAI, International Atomic Time laboratories
- Lunar Laser Ranging, annual perturbations
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
Properties of locally tilted space
Basis of celestial mechanics in GR space
p
and in DU space:
p
- the velocities of orbital motion and free fall
- perihelion advance
- orbital periods in the vicinity of black holes
Shapiro delay,
delay bending of light near mass centers
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
Free fall and orbital velocity
in Schwarzschild space:
Limit for stable orbits
 ff  Newton 
r
 orb Schw
GM
40
c2
20
Free fall and orbital velocity
in DU space:
1
1


0.5
 ff  Newton 
 ff  Schw
10
 ff  Newton 
0.5
 ff  DU 
 orb DU 
0
30
T. Suntola
r
0
GM
40
c2
30
20
10
0
0
rc DU 
M
 ff  0 
 ff  Schw
M
 ff  Schwd   2  1  2 
 orb  Schwd   
1  2
1  3
 ff  DU   2 1    1   2
 orb  DU   
1   
3
slow
l
orbits
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Development
p
of elliptic
p orbit in GR and DU
GR, Berry
GR, Weber
Gravitational factor
Eccentricity
r/rc = 20
e = 0.5
Dynamic Universe
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Development of elliptic orbit in GR and DU
DU
GR


Equation (5.37) in J. Weber’s book:
r
DU equation for elliptic orbits:
a 1  e 2 


GM
2 


3

cos

cos

3



e
e
e


1  e sin   2

c a 1  e 2  


The increase of the orbital radius and the perturbation of the
elliptic shape are due to term 3 in the nominator
r0 
a0 1  e 2 
1  e cos    0 

6erc 1  cos    0  
1  e 
2
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Development of elliptic orbit in GR and DU
Rotation of Mercury perihelion direction by  = 45 occurs in about 0.5 million years
DU
GR
(0)

Equation (5.37) in J. Weber’s book:
r
DU equation for elliptic orbits:
a 1  e 2 


GM
2 


e
e
e



3

cos

cos

3


1  e sin   2

c a 1  e 2  


The increase of the orbital radius and the perturbation of the
elliptic shape are due to term 3 in the nominator
r0 
a0 1  e 2 
1  e cos    0 

6erc 1  cos    0  
1  e 
2
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Orbital period near black hole
DU:
P
P
2 r c
rc DU   rc DU  
1 

r 
r 
3
2 r c
rc DU 
Schwarzschild
r
0
2
4
6
8
10 r /rc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7xl_zjz0o8&NR=1
M  3.7 million solar masses
rc(DU)  5.3 million kilometers
Sgr A*:
60
min.
40
20
00
2
4
6
8
10 r /rc
Observed 16.8 min rotation period at Milky Way Center, Sgr A*
[R. Genzel, et al., Nature 425, 934 (2003) ]
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Geometry of local dents, Shapiro delay, bending of light
34
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The 4D depth profile of the planetary system
200
dR" x 1000 km
Pluto
150
Neptune
Uranus
100
Saturn
Jupiter
M
Mars
Earth
Venus
Mercury
50
Sun
0
100
200
300
Distance from the Sun (light minutes)
400
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
The velocity of light in the vicinity of the Earth
-2.8
c [m/s]
-2.9
Distance
i
f
from
the
h Earthh x 1000 km
k
-400
-200
c0
200
Moon
Sun
-3.0
400
c(Earth)
-3.1
Earth
-3.2

GM e 
c  c0 1   e   c0  1 

r
c
c
0  0 0 

T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Shapiro delay of radio signal
DA
DB
M
d
GR:
ΔTD A , DB 
2GM  4 D A DB 
ln 
2

c3
 d
DU:
ΔTD A , DB 
2GM
c3
  4 D A DB  
 1
ln 
2

 
  d
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Mariner 6 and 7 experiments
Shapiro
h i delay
d l [s]
GR prediction
Sun
250
Mariner
200
Mariner 6
150
Mariner 7
14.2 min
Sun
Conjunction
j
Sivuaminen
100
8.3 min
E th
Earth
50
0
5
10
15
20
Distance from Earth [light minutes]
25
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Mariner 6 and 7 experiments
Shapiro
h i delay
d l [s]
DU prediction
Sun
250
Mariner
200
Mariner 6
150
M i
Mariner
7
14.2 min
Sun
Conjunction
100
8.3 min
E th
Earth
50
0
5
10
15
20
Distance from Earth [light minutes]
25
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Observation of electromagnetic radiation
40
Signal transmission from Earth satellite
T
L L0  L L0 vLT

 
c
c
c
c
Sagnac delay
T
T0
1  vL c
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Sagnac
S
g c eeffect
ec in satellite
s e e communication
co
u c o
C
At0
A
h
rA(t0)→B(t1)
drr
B
ωr
rΦ
ψ
Bt1
L
O
O
ΔTω Earth  
2ωAABO
c2
ψ
Bt0
drB
T AB 
rAB  t 0   rˆAB

c 1  βBr 

The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Observation of radiation in a moving frame
v
c0
Sagnac delayed signal
TSagnac
T0

1  vL c
LSagnac
S
L0

1  vL c
Phase velocity in moving frame
cv
Doppler shifted radiation
Tv  TDoppler
T0
1


1  v c fv
v  Doppler
D l
L0

1 v c
cv  f v  v  f 0  0  c0
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Observation of radiation in a moving frame
0
v
v
Lopt  LSagnac 
Momentum in propagation frame
p0 
Momentum in observer’s frame
pv 
Phase velocity in moving frame
h0
0
h0
v
L0
1  vL c
c0
cv 
h0  v 
1   cv
0  c 
cv  f v  v  f 0  0  c0
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Mass object as Compton resonator
I t
Internal
l (rest)
( t) momentum
t
p I  Re    ½ 
p I  Re    ½ 
C 
h0
C
h0
C
E t
External
l momentum
t
Im
 c Re 
c
 c Re 
Re +
p Re 
h0 1   2
½
c Re 
0 1   
p Re 
h0 1   2
½
c Re 
0 1   
h0
Re –
m0 1   2
c
p  p Re   p Re  
h0
0 1  
2
 c Re   meff v
The double slit experiment
Mass object
Absorption pattern
p external 
h0

v
h0
dB
c
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Hydrogen atom:
Electron energy minima as resonant mass wave states
p
h0

c
E rest 
ECoulomb
Etot  c
h0
0
h0
nћ
c 0 c
2 r n
r
r/r
/0
 c 2  ћ0 k 0  c 2
Ze 2 0 2
Z ћ0 2

c 
c
2 r
r
 mc   p 2  mc 2 
2
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy
Etot  min 
Z ћ0 2
c
r
Coulomb ou o b
energy
E Z ,n 
2




n
Z


 Erest  1  
 1

k0 r 
k0 r 



2
2
2

2
Z   2

Z

Z




2
  1  1  
mc    R hc
  mc    
n


 
n 2
n

The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
Cosmological properties of spherically closed space
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
GR / FLRW space and DU space
FLRW cosmology
Dynamic Universe
t
c0
R4
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Expanding and non-expanding
non expanding objects in DU-space.
DU space
t(2)
R0
R0(2)
R0
t(1)
Gravitational
systems expand
with the
expansion of
p
space
Electromagnetic
objects, like atoms,
conserve their
dimensions
emitting object
R0(1)
The wavelength of
electromagnetic
radiation
di i
propagating in
space increases in
di t proportion
direct
ti to
t
the expansion
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Annual increase of the Earth to Moon distance
Lunar Laser Ranging
GR
DU
Measured
38 mm
38 mm
Expansion of space
Tidal interactions
0
38 mm
28 mm
10 mm
50
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
GR / FLRW space and DU space
FLRW cosmology
Dynamic Universe
t
Light path
Light path
Virtual image
Distances
51
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
A
Angular
l size
i off galaxies
l i and
d quasars
galaxies
quasars
DU: Euclidean
Dynamic Universe:

log (LA
AS)
Euclidean
r0 1
R4 z
Standard model
log (LAS)
m= 1
FLRW cosmology

0.001 0.01
0.1
1
10
r0
 1  z 
RH

1
z
0
1  z  1   m z   z  2  z   
2
z
Collection of data: K. Nilsson et al., Astrophys. J., 413, 453 (1993)
Virtual image
Distances
dz
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
M
Magnitude
i d versus redshift:
d hif Supernova
S
observations
b
i
50

+ SN Ia observations
Standard model with m = 1,  = 0
Standard model with m = 0.3,  = 0.7
45
40
Data:
A. G. Riess,, et al.,,
Astrophys. J., 607, 665
(2004)
35
  5logg
30
0,001
RH
10 pc

z
5 log 1  z  
0


0,01
0,1

dz 
2
1  z  1   m z   z  2  z   
1
1
z
10
Suggested
S
t d correction:
ti
m = 0.3
 = 0.7 (dark energy)
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
M
Magnitude
i d versus redshift:
d hif Supernova
S
observations
b
i
50

Zero-energy
DU
space space
+ SN Ia observations
  5log
R4
10 pc
 z2 
2.5log 

1 z 
45
40
Data:
A. G. Riess,, et al.,,
Astrophys. J., 607, 665
(2004)
35
  5logg
30
0,001
RH
10 pc

z
5 log 1  z  
0


0,01
0,1

dz 
2
1  z  1   m z   z  2  z   
1
1
10
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
M
Magnitude
i d versus redshift
d hif
How does the dark energy hypothesis change
the angular diameter prediction?
T. Suntola
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
A
Angular
l size
i off galaxies
l i and
d quasars
galaxies
quasars
DU: Euclidean
Dynamic Universe:

log (LA
AS)
Euclidean
r0 1
R4 z
Standard model
log (LAS)
m= 1
 = 0
m= 0.3
= 0.7
FLRW cosmology

r0
 1  z 
RH

1
z
0
1  z  1   m z   z  2  z   
2
Suggested explanation: high z galaxies are young;
sizes are still developing
p g (not
(
supported
pp
by
y spectral
p
data!))
0.001 0.01
0.1
1
10
z
Collection of data: K. Nilsson et al., Astrophys. J., 413, 453 (1993)
dz
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
From Earth centered to 4-sphere centered universe
c0
Gottfried Leibniz († 1716)
R4
Heraclitus († 475 BCE)
m0 c02 
Johannes Kepler († 1630)
GM "
m0
R0
M”
Albert Einstein († 1955)
Isaac Newton († 1727)
Erest  n , n   m c
2
0 0
Aristarchus
n
 1   
i
i 1
Im
m  h0   ћ0  k
kr
k0
k
k0
Aryabhata
Galileo Galilei († 1642)
Nicolaus Copernicus († 1543)
Planck
De Broglie
Dirac
Heisenberg
Bohr
Claudius Ptolemy († 168)
Schrödinger
1   i2
Re
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
The Dynamic Universe
- Offers a holistic – from whole to local approach for describing physical
reality
realit
- Relies on a few fundamental postulate
- Covers a wide range phenomena - from microstructures to cosmological
dimensions – in a unified formalism
- Produces accurate predictions with straightforward mathematics and clear
logic
- Produces a comprehensive picture of physical reality
The Finnish Society for Natural Philosophy: Models in physics and cosmology, Helsinki 27-28.9.2010
T. Suntola
Development paths of physics and astronomy
Local approaches / reductionism
Holistic approaches / emergent processes
FLRW-COSMOLOGY
RELATIVITY THEORY
QUANTUM MECHANICS
DYNAMIC UNIVERSE
Space-time
2000
System of nested energy frames
Minkowski Friedman
Hubble
Heisenberg Schrödinger
Einstein Bohr
Dirac
Maxwell
D
De
Broglie
B
li
Pl
Planck
k
U ifi d expression
Unified
i off energy
Mach Lorentz
Kant Laplace
Wrigth
Zero-energy
Local system linked
Local system independent
Leibniz Kepler Newton
to the whole
Galilei
of the whole
Kopernikus
Ibn ash
ash-Shatir
Shatir
1000
Aryabhata
Earth centered universe
Ptolemaios
0
Zeno
Aristarchus
Heraclitus
Logos: law of nature
Manifestation
M
if
i via
i
buildup of opposites
TAO: yin, yang
-1000
Brahman
Epikuros Euclid
Atomists
Aristoteles
Plato
Demokritos
Sokrates
Leucippus
Logos: intelligence,
Parmenides
Anaxagoras
Anaximander
concluding
Nous
Ap ir n
Apeiron