NAVS 402
Sched #
22167
Leadership and Ethics
SDSU Classroom ARTN-300B
T/TH 1400-1515
LT Charles Billhardt
E-mail: cbillhardt@sandiego.edu
Phone: SDSU (619) 594 - 1135
(3 Units)
01JAN2014
Office Hours: By appointment
COM 130 (SDSU)
Course Description
This course builds on the leadership concepts students studied in Introduction to Naval Science, which
examined leadership from a values approach (Naval Service Core Values) and skills approach (basic
leadership qualities and followership); Leadership and Management, which took a process approach,
defining leadership and management; and Naval Science Lab, which helped develop many of the skills
and characteristics necessary of naval officers. This course is designed to provide students with a
foundation to make solid ethical and moral decisions, especially as leaders in the United States Naval
Service. This is a capstone course, but your practical application began when you joined the NROTC
program and will continue throughout your life.
Course Objectives/Candidate Outcomes
Naval Science Professional Core Competency Objectives:
The Professional Core Competencies in this section should be taught during the academic classroom
portion of the Leadership and Ethics curriculum. Building on the objectives of Leadership and
Management, the student will comprehend and apply leadership principles necessary to accomplish the
Navy and Marine Corps missions through people, remembering that war-fighting requires self-sacrifice,
fighting to win, pressing the attack, inspiring the troops, and focusing the warrior spirit.
I. ACADEMIC STANDARDS
A. Demonstrate a proficiency of the English language through usage, both spoken and written.
II. LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
A. Comprehend the relationship of the Naval Services’ Core Values to the roles and
responsibilities of a Naval leader.
B. Comprehend the following personal qualities and be able to relate them to a leader's
effectiveness:
1. Honor
4. Dedication
7. Tact
10. Bearing
13. Knowledge
2. Judgment
5. Initiative
8. Integrity
11. Unselfishness
14. Loyalty
3. Justice
6. Decisiveness
9. Endurance
12. Courage (moral and physical)
15. Enthusiasm
C. Comprehend the major principle of the Code of Conduct and be able to apply it to a leader’s
role in a prisoner of war situation.
D. Comprehend the relationship between authority, responsibility, and accountability within a
task-oriented organization.
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E. Apply leadership and management skills to prioritize among competing demands.
1. Demonstrate the ability to establish meaningful goals and objectives.
2. Apply techniques of prioritization and time management to resources and personnel.
F. Apply leadership skills to achieve objectives.
1. Comprehend different leadership styles and how they apply to different situations and
groups.
2. Comprehend basic principles of human behavior and group dynamics.
3. Comprehend the difference between informal and formal groups.
4. Comprehend the contribution of the formal group organization and standard
procedures to mission accomplishment.
5. Apply leadership and management skills to design work groups based on task
requirements, group capability, and available resources.
6. Apply techniques and skills to measure organizational effectiveness by establishing
qualitative and quantitative performance standards.
G. Comprehend the importance of planning and supervision to mission accomplishment.
1. Know the important reasons for development of and constant re-evaluation of
alternatives in decision making.
H. Demonstrate an understanding of the influence of the following on a leader's ability to achieve
organizational goals:
1. Use of authority.
(a) Definition of a legal order.
(b) Process for challenging illegal orders.
2. Prioritization of Constitution, mission, service, command, shipmate and self.
3. Conveyance of clear, concise Commander’s Intent.
4. Degree of delegation and decentralization.
5. Officer-enlisted professional relationship.
6. Chain of command, including ship/squadron organization.
7. Morale and esprit de corps.
8. Supervision and follow-up.
I. Comprehend the moral and ethical responsibilities of the military leader.
1. Comprehend the leader's moral and ethical responsibilities to the organization and
society.
2. Comprehend the relationship of integrity, moral courage, and ethical behavior to
authority, responsibility, and accountability.
J. Demonstrate characteristics of effective oral and written communication.
1. Comprehend the communications process.
2. Comprehend the major causes of communication breakdown and effective means to
create healthy communication.
K. Demonstrate an understanding of basic counseling skills.
1. Comprehend the importance of feedback to mission effectiveness.
2. Comprehend various motivational techniques which may be useful in leadership
situations.
3. Apply counseling skills to performance evaluation debriefings, discipline infractions,
career guidance, and personal problems.
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III. PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
A. Comprehend and demonstrate adherence to the standards of conduct for military personnel.
B. Comprehend and apply current equal opportunity policies and programs.
C. Comprehend and apply the official policies on prevention of sexual harassment, fraternization
and hazing.
D. Know the policies regarding family planning.
E. Apply the fundamentals of Operational Risk Management and Time Critical Risk
Management.
G. Know financial, medical, and other benefits available to military personnel.
L. Know basic administrative responsibilities of an officer including:
1. Personnel administrative actions with regard to officer and enlisted service records,
performance evaluations, advancement recommendations, and selection board procedures.
2. Requirements and procedures for proper handling and disclosure of classified material,
consequences for inadvertent disclosure, and consequences for violation of the espionage laws,
including:
a. Maintenance of classified material security, including techniques for avoiding
technology transfer.
b. Disclosure (clearance and need to know).
c. Basic security classifications and their corresponding handling requirements.
3. Know governing documents for Naval correspondence.
4. Know how directives are organized and revised.
IV. MILITARY CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS, AND REGULATIONS
A. Know the origins and current usage of Naval customs and traditions.
1. Comprehend the role of commissioned officers as members of the U.S. Armed Forces
and know the obligations and responsibilities assumed by taking the oath of office and accepting
a commission including the Constitutional requirement for civilian control.
B. Comprehend the UCMJ, practice of military law, and applications of regulations as they may
involve a junior officer in the performance of duties.
1. Comprehend the purpose, scope, and constitutional basis of Navy Regulations and the
Uniform Code of Military Justice and relate these regulations to personal conduct in the military
service.
2. Comprehend junior officer responsibilities relative to the military justice system
including familiarization with:
(a) essential publications relating to military justice
(b) search and seizure
(c) apprehension and restraint
(d) non-judicial punishment
(e) investigations
(f) courts martial
(g) administrative discharges
(h) extra military instruction
3. Know the International Law of Armed Conflict including Rules of Engagement (ROE),
conduct of hostilities, rights of individuals, obligations of engaged parties, and the Code of
Conduct for members of the U.S. Armed
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Course Requirements/Activities
1. Reading Assignments: All reading assignments are to be completed prior to the specific class session.
Reading assignments have been selected from the above course texts and a variety of supplemental sources.
2. Written Assignments: Writing is an essential skill for all Naval Officers. All writing assignments will
be graded for proper grammar and spelling.
a. The following sources are accepted grammar references for written assignments:
(1) W. Strunk and E.B. White, The Elements of Style, 3rd ed., New York, NY Macmillan
Publishing Co., Inc., 1979.
(2) Margaret Shertzer, Elements of Grammar, New York, NY, Macmillan Publishing Co.,
Inc., 1986.
(3) Essentials of English, Hopper, Gale, Foote, New York, NY, Barron’s Educational
Series, Inc., 1990.
(4) MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.
3. Term Paper: Students will submit a 2500 - 3000 word unclassified paper on an approved topic related
to leadership and ethics, preferably with timely and relevant subject matter.
a. The paper will also include a Cover Sheet, Abstract, and Bibliography with at least five
credible sources. These items are not included in the total 2500 - 3000 word count.
b. Students will be required to identify an ethical leadership challenge facing junior officers in the
Fleet and develop recommendations to address that challenge. Students will be evaluated on their ability
to insightfully apply course concepts to your selected real-world issue. They must conduct research and
build well-reasoned recommendations that, a junior officer, or an operational command can implement.
This is an opportunity for students to identify, investigate, and prepare themselves for challenging issues
that await them upon commissioning.
(1) Students must submit their topic and with a short abstract not later than the date
indicated below in this syllabus for approval.
(2) Students will research their topic. Sources for the paper will include at least five
references, a maximum of two of which shall be from the internet (.gov, .edu, .org , .mil only), and three
other references (periodicals and/or books). Use MLA Style including parenthetical reference citations
and works cited page. See the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.
4. Labs: There will be mandatory labs during the semester that students are required to attend. The dates
and times will be announced in class.
5. Exams: A mid-term examination may be term paper format and require students to apply the
principles and theory from the course. Unless otherwise indicated by the instructor, students must work
alone on this exam, may not share answers, and must not refer to any work done on the same or similar
assignments by students currently or previously enrolled in any section of NS402.
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6. Class Preparation and Participation: As a future naval officer, students must be prepared for
assignments and meetings. Participation is judged on students’ grasp of the assigned reading material and
their ability to apply ideas developed in the readings to new situations.
Assessment Plan/Grading Criteria/Rubric
Grading Scale:
93%-100% = A
80%-82% = B90%-92% = A77%-79% = C+
87%-89% = B+
73%-76% = C
83%-86% = B
70%-72% = CGrading Criteria:
Participation
Written Assignments
Term Paper
Midterm
Final
Total
67%-69% = D+
63%-66% = D
60%-62% = D0%-59% = F
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
100%
Writing Grade Rubric:
A: This work is insightful. It addresses the assignment in a way that indicates your comprehension of the
underlying concepts of the course. The message is communicated clearly, concisely, and directly.
Grammar errors are either non-existent or extremely rare.
B: The work indicates that you are beginning, at times, to think through and apply the underlying
concepts of the course. The message is often communicated clearly, concisely, and directly. Grammar
Errors are very uncommon.
C: While this work offers little insight into the underlying concepts of the course it meets the basic
requirements. The message is reasonably clear, concise, and direct. Grammar errors are uncommon.
D: The basic requirements of the assignment are partially met; however, the message is not always
communicated clearly. Grammar errors are common.
F: The requirements of the assignment have not been met at a satisfactory level. The writing is not clear,
concise, or direct. Grammar errors are frequent.
Requests for Accommodation
Reasonable accommodations in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act will be made for
course participants with disabilities who require specific instructional and testing modifications. Students
with such requirements must identify themselves to the San Diego State University Student Disability
Services (619) 594-6473 (USD Students should contact University of San Diego Disability Services
Office (619) 260-4655) before the beginning of the course. Every effort will be made to accommodate
students’ needs, however, performance standards for the course will not be modified in considering
specific accommodations.
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Course Outline
**Updated 01 JAN 2014**
Class Session
– Date
01 - 23 JAN
1 – Course Overview: Mutual Expectations
02 - 28 JAN
2 – Introduction to Moral Reasoning
03 - 30 JAN
3 – Relativism
04 - 4 FEB
4 – Constitutional Ethics
05 - 6 FEB
5 – Moral Obligations: Conflicts of Principles and
Loyalties
06 - 11 FEB
6 – Utilitarianism
07 - 13 FEB
7 – Intro to Military Justice and Discipline: Naval
Law Part I
8 – Kantian Ethics & Moral Duty
08 - 18 FEB
Lesson
Assigned Reading
09 - 20 FEB
9 – Virtue Ethics and Character
**Term Paper Abstract Due**
10 - 25 FEB
10 – Divine Command and Religion in the Military
11 – 27 FEB
11 – Natural Law and the Doctrine of Double Effect
12 - 4 MAR
NA - 5 MAR
13 - 6 MAR
NL CH. 1&2
EMP Pp. 165-187
CSM Pp. 115-121, 223-234
EMP Pp. 169-193
CSM Pp. 95-98, 227
EMP Pp. 97-111
CSM Pp. 167-176
EMP Pp. 195-217
CSM Pp. 7-11, 57
*** Midterm Review***
Combat Leadership Panel – Lab
1700-1930 – Location TBD
***Midterm Exam***
12 - 11 MAR
12 – Just War Theory
15 - 13 MAR
13 – Conduct of War
16 - 18 MAR
N/A
EMP Pp. 3-19
CSM Pp. v-viii, 13-15
Handout: USS SAN JACINTO
EMP Pp 25-31
CSM Pp. 213-214
EMP Pp. 45-62, 81-95
CSM Pp. 35-36
CUS Pp. 14-46
Handout: Oath of Office
EMP Pp. 71-79
CSM 25-28, 69-74, 225-226
EMP Pp. 115-142
CSM Pp. 3-5, 75-76
14 – Law of Armed Conflict and Code of Conduct
17 - 20 MAR
15 – Liberty as the Foundation for Moral Rights
18 - 25 MAR
16 - Junior Officer Relationships and Mentoring
19 - 27 MAR
17 – Truth Telling/Navy-Marine Corps Core Values
and Personal Ethics: Naval Law Part II
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NA
EMP Pp. 221-239
Handout: Bin Laden Letter,
Bush speeches
EMP Pp. 271-272,
CSM Pp. 17-24, 49-51, 83-92,
99-101
NL Pp. 229-232
EMP Pp. 273-285, 323-334
CSM Pp. 43-48, 243-261
Handout: Code of Conduct
EMP Pp. 337-365
NOG Ch. 2
Handout: “Department of the
Navy Core Values Charter”
EMP Pp. 399-412
CSM Pp. 103-104, 135-140,
149-158, 229-231, 235-238
31 MAR
– 4 APR
**Spring Break SDSU**
22 - 15 APR
20 – Legal Overview: Courts-Martial, Rights,
Investigations, Discharges, Search and Seizure,
Apprehension and Restraint
23 - 17 APR
21 – Junior Officer Counseling, FITREPS and
Leadership
EMP Pp. 367-391
CSM Pp. 207-212, 215-218
NL Pp. 49-67
MOG Pp. 424-430
NOG Pp. 254-256
CSM Pp. 201-205
NL Pp. 25-47, 68-81, 133-161,
163-183, 185-194
MOG Pp. 422-424, 431-438
NOG Pp. 249-254, 257-260
MOG Pp. 253-258
NOG Pp. 18-21
24 - 22 APR
22 – Naval Administration and Communication
N/A
25 - 24 APR
23 – Stoicism and Admiral Stockdale
26 - 29 APR
24 – Military Ethics in the Future, Final Review
EMP Pp. 415-460
Handout: “An Ethical Officer
Corps,” “Military or Ethics”
N/A
MOG Pp. 334-350
NOG Pp. 224-229
Handout: “Hobson’s Choice”
20 - 8 APR
18 – Justice: Naval Law Part III
21 - 10 APR
19 – The UCMJ, U.S. Navy Regs and NJP
**Term Paper in Class Peer Review**
27 - 1 MAY
***Final Exam***
28 - 6 MAY
25 – Junior Officer/Company Grade Leadership, Class
Critiques
29 - 8 MAY
26 – Film and Discussion
**Term Paper Due**
N/A
Bibliography
(CSM) Captain W. Rick Rubel, U.S. Navy (Ret), and Dr. George R. Lucas, Jr., Case Studies in Military
Ethics for Military Leaders, 3rd ed., Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2011
(EMP) Dr. George R. Lucas, Jr., and Captain W. Rick Rubel, U.S. Navy (retired), Ethics and the Military
Profession, The Moral Foundations of Leadership (Third Edition); Navy Senior ROTC Edition, Boston,
MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2008
(MOG) Marine Officer’s Guide, 7th ed., LtCol Kenneth Estes, USMC (Ret). Annapolis MD: Naval
Institute Press, 2008. (ISBN 978-1-59114-239-3)
(NOG) Naval Officer’s Guide, 12th ed., CDR Lesa A. McComas, USN (Ret). Annapolis MD: Naval
Institute Press, 2011. (ISBN 978-1-59114-501-1)
(NL) Naval Law: Justice and Procedure in the Sea Services, 3rd ed., Brent G. Filbert and Alan G.
Kaufman. Annapolis MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998. (ISBN 1-55750-462-8)
(CUS) The Declaration of Independence. The Constitution of the United States. Jefferson, Thomas and
Madison, James. Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation, 2010. (Pocket Size - Consumable).
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Appendices to NAVS 402
Changes: I have made every attempt to make this syllabus an accurate reflection of how I intend to teach
this course over the semester. However, this syllabus should not be construed as a legal contract and it
may be subject to change over the semester, particularly with respect to the schedule. I reserve the right
to make modifications as necessary. I will discuss any proposed or effected changes to the syllabus in
class.
Class Leader: One student will be selected, as the class leader to ensure the room and audiovisual
equipment are ready for instruction. He or she will also take roll and document those arriving late.
Attendance: Attendance is mandatory. Tardiness will not be tolerated. Repeated incidents will have an
adverse affect on final grades. Three or more unauthorized absences will result in a failing grade.
Permission for absence must be requested in advance (via phone/email to the Instructor). Excused
absence will be granted at the sole discretion of the instructor.
Students shall attend all classes and submit papers on the due dates. Late assignments will incur a 10%
grade deduction per day late. Should an emergency develop that warrants relief from this stated
attendance and performance policy, prior approval must be obtained directly from the instructor. Unless
otherwise arranged, assignments falling due on the day of an excused absence remain due on or prior to
the original due date.
Military Protocol: Since this is a course primarily designed for and required for NROTC students, Naval
protocol is emphasized and is a teaching point. As a matter of courtesy and custom, the first individual to
recognize entry into the classroom by the Instructor or by the Commanding Officer of the NROTC Unit will
call for “Attention on Deck.” Non-NROTC students are also asked as a matter of courtesy to follow this
custom. NROTC students must adhere to the NROTC and Navy regulations for dress (no open–toed shoes
for men) and grooming (e.g., men are to be clean shaven, and men and women are to maintain haircuts within
standards) in and out of uniform.
Academic Dishonesty: Honesty and moral integrity are fundamental to the character of a Navy or
Marine Corps Officer. The Midshipman Honor Code states “A midshipman will not lie, cheat, or steal.”
This applies to all students in this course. Substantiated charges will result in a failing grade and possible
disenrollment from the NROTC Program with an unfavorable recommendation regarding commissioned
service. The student will also be referred to the appropriate University officials for disciplinary
proceedings. See paragraphs above regarding the requirement to work alone in the completion of all
homework, quizzes, assignments and exams.
Grade of Incomplete: The grade of Incomplete (“I”) may be recorded to indicate (1) that the
requirements of a course have been substantially completed but, for a legitimate reason, a small fraction
of the work remains to be completed, and, (2) that the record of the student in the course justifies the
expectation that he or she will complete the work and obtain the passing grade by the deadline. It is the
student’s responsibility to explain to the instructor the reasons for non-completion of work and to request
an incomplete grade prior to the posting of final grades. Students who receive a grade of incomplete must
submit all missing work no later than end of tenth week of the next regular semester, otherwise the “I”
grade will become a permanent “F.”
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