The Reformation
Chapter 17
Group 4
Melissa Tarr
7.9 Students Analyze the Historical Development of
the Reformation
1.
List the causes for the internal turmoil in and weakening of the Catholic church (e.g., tax policies,
selling of indulgences). (Group 4, Chapter 17)
2.
Describe the theological, political, and economic ideas of the major figures during the Reformation
(e.g., Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, William Tyndale). (Group 4, Chapter 17)
3.
Explain Protestants' new practices of church self-government and the influence of those practices on
the development of democratic practices and ideas of federalism. (Group 4, Chapter 17)
4.
Identify and locate the European regions that remained Catholic and those that became Protestant
and explain how the division affected the distribution of religions in the New World.Analyze how the
Counter-Reformation revitalized the Catholic church and the forces that fostered the movement (e.g.,
St. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits, the Council of Trent). (Group 4, Chapter 17)
5.
Understand the institution and impact of missionaries on Christianity and the diffusion of Christianity
from Europe to other parts of the world in the medieval and early modern periods; locate missions on
a world map. (Group 4, Chapter 17)
6.
Describe the Golden Age of cooperation between Jews and Muslims in medieval Spain that promoted
creativity in art, literature, and science, including how that cooperation was terminated by the
religious persecution of individuals and groups (e.g., the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of
Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492). (Group 4, Chapter 17)
7.9.1 - List the causes for the internal turmoil in and
weakening of the Catholic Church
Tax Policies
1300’s - Catholic Church heavily taxed the people
 Bishops behaved like Kings

 building palaces
 fine arts
 relatives have jobs
Selling of Indulgences
• Indulgences – a pardon from the Church for a
person’s sin
• Given out before, not usually sold
• 1500’s Pope needed money
•
•
Repair St. Peter’s Church
Sold in Northern Germany
7.9.2 – Describe the theological, political, and economic
ideas of the major figures during The Reformation
Martin Luther



Catholic monk challenged
the Roman Catholic
Church in 1516
Argued Pope not deciding
factor of who goes to
heaven
Challenge lead to the
creation of new church,
Protestantism
Desiderius Erasmus
► Scholar/
Clergyman of
the Christian
Humanism movement
► Goal - translate bible
into the vernacular
► everyone understand
the words of God
John Calvin
► Founder
of idea of
Calvinism
► Main idea – God’s will
is absolute, everything
decided in advance
► Calvinism encouraged
people work hard and
behave
William Tyndale
► English
scholar/
translator became
leading figure in
Protestant reformism
► 1st translate most of
the Bible into English
7.9.3 – Explain Protestants’ new practice of church self-government and
the influences of those practices on the development of democratic
practices and ideas of federalism.
Calvinism's Influences on
Democracy
► Congregation's
ministers
choice of elders and
• Influenced English and English settlers in
America
► People
choose political leaders
The Counter-Reformation


1500’s and 1600’s Catholic Church’s efforts
to convince people to return to the Church
Pope Paul III understood need to reform the
Church
Council of Trent
► made
Catholic beliefs clears,
► set up strict rules for behavior of bishops
and priests
► Seminary founded - school for training and
educating priests
The Jesuits
► 1540
new order of priests
►the
Society of Jesus “Jesuits”
 taught,
 preached
 fought heresy
► Heresy
– a religious belief that contradicts
what the Church says is true
St. Ignatius of Loyola
► Solider
fought against
Jesuits
► Wounded in battle
► Read Christian saints
► Became a solider for
Jesus Christ
7.9.5 - Understand the institution and impact of missionaries on
Christianity and the diffusion of Christianity from Europe to other parts of
the world in the medieval and early modern periods; locate missions on a
world map
Christian Missionaries

Part of Counter-Reformation committed
spreading Catholicism

Jesuits were missionaries in 1500’s to 1600’s

French and Spanish Jesuits in Asia and America
The World’s Missions
► America
- Native Americans “Black Robes”
► Japan - 1st 1549 converted thousands by
the 1600’s
► Philippine Islands – success, largest
Catholic majority
► Vietnam - tried to convert, expelled by
Vietnam’s emperor
7.9.6 - Describe the Golden Age of cooperation between Jews and
Muslims in medieval Spain that promoted creativity in art, literature, and
science, including how that cooperation was terminated by the religious
percussion of individual and groups
The Golden Age
► non
Muslims pay taxes
► limited their rights, but they did not try to
► Never killed or expelled people of different
religions
► Maimondies - Jewish poet and thinker born in
Golden Age Spain
Spanish Inquisition
► Expulsion
►1492
of Jews and Muslims
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella ordered to
convert to Catholicism of leave
► Spanish
Inquisition – Catholic court investigate a
person’s faith
► cruel
►tortures invented force guilty confession
►2,000 Spaniards were executed