I. EDUC 2120 EXPLORING SOCIOCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES ON DIVERSITY IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS Department of Inclusive Education Kennesaw State University Fall, 2007 II. INSTRUCTOR: TBA III. Class Sessions: TBA IV. Texts: Noel, J. (2000). Developing multicultural educators. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. Banks, J. & Banks, C. A. (Eds.). (2007). Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Other Recommended Texts: Abelove, J. (1998). Go and come back. New York: Puffin Books. Cushner, K. A., McClelland, & Stafford, P. (2003). Human diversity in education: An integrative approach (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. Heward, W. L. (2006). Exceptional Children (8th ed.). Merrill. Kozol, J. (1991). Savage inequalities: Children in American’s schools. New York: Harper Perennial. Martin, J. N. & Nakayama, T. K. (2004). Intercultural communication in contexts (3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. Nieto, S.(2003). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education (3rd ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman. Rothenberg, P.S. (2001). Race, class, and gender in the United States (5th Ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Seligman, M. & Darling, R.B. (1997). Ordinary families, special children: A systems approach to childhood disability (2nd Ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. Swadener, B. B. & Lubeck, S. (Eds.). (1995). Children & families “at promise”. New York: SUNY Press. Tatum, B. (1997). Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? And other conversations about race. New York: Basic Books. Wood, J.W. (2006). Teaching students in inclusive settings (5th Ed.). Merrill. Pang, V. (2002). Multicultural education: A caring centered, reflective approach. Boston: McGraw Hill.. V. Catalog Description: Given the rapidly changing demographics in our state and country this course is designed to equip future teachers with the fundamental knowledge of understanding culture and teaching children from diverse backgrounds. Specifically, this course is designed to examine 1) the nature and function of culture; 2) the development of individual and group cultural identity; 3) definitions and implications of diversity, and 4) the influences of culture on learning, development, and pedagogy. VI. Purpose/Rationale: This course is designed to provide the teacher candidate with an opportunity to examine their personal and sociocultural perspectives on diversity and the implications of these perspectives for educational practice. Teacher candidates will participate in an exploration and observation of the school setting and intercultural communication and pedagogy. VII. Conceptual Framework Summary: Collaborative Development of Expertise in Teaching and Learning. The Professional Teacher Education Unit (PTEU) at Kennesaw State University is committed to developing expertise among candidates in initial and advanced programs as teachers and leaders who possess the capability, intent and expertise to facilitate high levels of learning in all of their students through effective, research-based practices in classroom instruction, and who enhance the structures that support all learning. To that end, the PTEU fosters the development of candidates as they progress through stages of growth from novice to proficient to expert and leader. Within the PTEU conceptual framework, expertise is viewed as a process of continued development, not an end-state. To be effective, teachers and educational leaders must embrace the notion that teaching and learning are entwined and that only through the implementation of validated practices can all students construct meaning and reach high levels of learning. In that way, candidates are facilitators of the teaching and learning process. Finally, the PTEU recognizes, values and demonstrates collaborative practices across the college and university and extends collaboration to the community-at-large. Through this collaboration with professionals in the university, the public and private schools, parents and other professional partners, the PTEU meets the ultimate goal of assisting Georgia schools in bringing all students to high levels of learning. VIII. Knowledge Base: Teacher development is generally recognized as a continuum that includes four phases: preservice, induction, in-service, renewal (Odell, Huling, and Sweeny, 2000). Just as Sternberg (1996) believes that the concept of expertise is central to analyzing the teaching-learning process, the teacher education faculty at KSU believes that the concept of expertise is central to preparing effective classroom teachers and teacher leaders. Researchers describe how during the continuum phases teachers progress from being Novices learning to survive in classrooms toward becoming Experts who have achieved elegance in their teaching. We, like Sternberg (1998), believe that expertise is not an end-state but a process of continued development. The knowledge base for diversity in educational contexts continues to develop rapidly as our world shrinks. The historical frameworks include changing demographics, political action, and policy issues. Current directions are more focused on the development of personal understanding of the impact of culture on the world view and practices of the teacher and on understanding the impact of culture on student learning needs. The field draws on research literature from educational psychology, psychology and sociology. The emphasis in this class will be on developing skills in self-reflection and application to education. IX. Technology Standards for Educators are required by the Professional Standards Commission: Telecommunication and information technologies will be integrated throughout the teacher preparation program, and all candidates must be able to use technology to meet Georgia Technology Standards for Educators. During the courses, candidates will be provided with opportunities to explore and use instructional technology and master use of internet and productivity tools. Resources and activities for this course will be provided on the web to model effective use of technology. Technology emphasis will include classroom computers, computer databases (library access programs, internet and email), CDROM programs, adaptive /assistive for special needs and learning materials. There will be an emphasis on internet resources for information. Students will learn to evaluate websites for bias and to identify culturally responsive internet sites that would be appropriate for all P-12 students. X. Field Experiences: While participating in all field experiences, you are encouraged to be involved in a variety of school-based activities directed at the improvement of teaching and learning. Activities may include, but are not limited to, tutoring students, assisting teachers or other school personnel, attending school board meetings, and participating in education-related community events. As you continue your field experiences, you are encouraged to explore every opportunity to learn by doing. Students will be expected to participate in field experiences which provide them insights into understanding diversity and culture. Some options will involve observations within the ‘other’ culture as well as the student’s own culture. Students will become culturally immersed in a culture other than their own providing insight into the lives of the future culturally diverse students. These field experience site may included after-school tutoring, homeless shelters, volunteer programs, community centers, church-related facilities, day treatment programs, and work in adult literacy, special education resource rooms, or family literacy programs. The institution has or may have contacts with local programs, but it is up to the individual students to make the actual arrangements for scheduling and involvement. The student should pick an environment where they can observe a cultural community that is radically different from their own. XI. Diversity Statement: A variety of materials and instructional strategies will be employed to meet the needs of the different learning styles of diverse learners in class. Candidates will gain knowledge as well as an understanding of differentiated strategies and curricula for providing effective instruction and assessment within multicultural classrooms. One element of course work is raising candidate awareness of critical multicultural issues. A second element is to cause candidates to explore how multiple attributes of multicultural populations influence decisions in employing specific methods and materials for every student. Among these attributes are ethnicity, race, socioeconomic status, gender, giftedness, disability, language, religion, family structure, sexual orientation, and geographic region. An emphasis on personal, cultural, world view and communication style differences provides a background for the consideration of cultural context. Kennesaw State University provides program accessibility and accommodations for persons defined as disabled under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 or the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A number of services are available to support students with disabilities within their academic program. In order to make arrangements for special services, students must visit the Office of Disabled Student Support Services (770-423- 6443) and develop an individual assistance plan. In some cases, certification of disability is required. Please be aware that there are other support/mentor groups on the campus of Kennesaw State University that address each of the multicultural variables outlined above. For more information contact the Student Life Center at 770-4236280. XII. Goals and Objectives: The KSU teacher preparation faculty is strongly committed to the concept of teacher preparation as a developmental and collaborative process. Research for the past 25 years has described this process in increasingly complex terms. Universities and schools must work together to successfully prepare teachers who are capable of developing successful learners in today’s schools and who choose to continue their professional development. As a result of the satisfactory fulfillment of the requirements of this course, the student will demonstrate a broad base of Knowledge, Skills and Dispositions. 1. 2. 3. 4. Examine the nature and function of culture. Explore how history and culture shape world views. Examine the development of his/her own cultural identity and learning styles. Develop and apply strategies for observing, analyzing, and comparing differences related to family structures, socioeconomic status, abilities/disabilities and culture. 5. Articulate strategies for teaching culturally diverse students in the classroom. 6. Identify school practices and policies that perpetuate and maintain achievement gaps, including negative stereotypes, related to race, class, persons with disabilities, gender, sexual orientation, and other forms of prejudice and discrimination. 7. Identify educators’ cultural practices and expectations that perpetuate and maintain achievement gaps. 8. Identify strategies that creatively deal with challenges and differences between the cultures of educators and students. 9. Identify assets and values of diverse populations to bring student learning to higher levels. XIII. Course Requirements/Assignments Class attendance & participation: Students are expected to sign in for class each session and participate in all class activities. Your attendance and thoughtful participation are valued and expected. Many class and/or online activities will focus on case studies, role playing, simulations, cooperative learning, vignettes, community immersion trips, and discussion of field experiences and journaling, all of which require active participation. Such active participation is critically important to your learning, particularly in a class centered on personal experiences and how they help you understand culture and impact you as a teacher. Participation includes demonstrating a spirit of inquiry as an educator, initiative, enthusiasm, and critical examination of topics in our reading and discussions, and cooperation in fulfilling the responsibilities of this experience. In-class application activities: Students will participate in simulations and application activities. Students will submit reflective journal assignments relating applications of class discussion to their teaching practice. Throughout the semester, students will maintain a reflective journal (may also be posted on WebCT) that describes the new concepts, perceptions and attitudes gained during the semester. They will include modifications that they have made in their thinking and perceptions in regard to culture and its impact on teaching and learning as a result of this semester’s experiences and evidence of professional growth and demeanor. Some of the course assignments will be integrated into the journal. Objective exams: Objective format exams will be administered covering content of text and related in-class presentations. Observation Activity (see attached rubric): Each candidate will complete a field experience reflecting an immersion in a new cultural context. To demonstrate mastery of class objectives, candidates will submit a reflective journal entry relating their experience to class discussion, text, and other sources. The focus will be on the impact of this experience on their own view of culture and cultural differences. . Evaluation will include spelling, punctuation, grammar, clarity of expression and content analysis The purpose of this activity is to provide candidates the opportunity to relate data gathered in the observation to concepts covered in the text, class, and other sources. Candidates will discuss the manner in which the information will affect their practice and beliefs. This means there should be some reference to class discussions, professional literature, and/or text. Reflections should include description, analysis, and application of ideas. Each candidate must submit a Verification of Liability Insurance form to the Instructor before the date of the scheduled immersion experience. To ensure professionalism in the observation, the following procedure is recommended: Dress appropriately during your immersion experience. BE ON TIME FOR APPOINTMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS. You may sit quietly in the background or you may participate in activities. ALL INFORMATION WILL BE CONFIDENTIAL. REMEMBER CONFIDENTIALITY MUST BE MAINTAINED. Anything you observe or discuss is strictly confidential. Do not discuss what you see or hear with anyone. Your report must NOT include any identifying information. Any report that contains such information will be returned for revision without a grade or feedback other than the necessity to conform to confidentiality requirements. XIV. Evaluation and Grading Requirement Class attendance, in class activities, homework & participation Objective exams Immersion activity XV. Course Objectives 2 ACADEMIC HONESTY: Every KSU student is responsible for upholding the provisions of the Student Code of Conduct, as published in the Catalog. Section II of the Student Code of Conduct addresses the University's policy on academic honesty, including provisions regarding plagiarism and cheating, unauthorized access to University materials, misrepresentation/falsification of University records or academic work, malicious removal, retention, or destruction of library materials, malicious/intentional misuse of computer facilities and/or services, and misuse of student identification cards. Incidents of alleged academic misconduct will be handled through the established procedures of the University Judiciary Program, which includes either an "informal" resolution by a faculty member, resulting in a grade adjustment, or a formal hearing procedure, which may subject a student to the Code of Conduct's minimum one semester suspension requirement. The student is reminded to consult pp. 253-254 of the 2006-2007 KSU Undergraduate Catalog for the University's policy. Any strategy, which has the appearance of improving grades without increasing knowledge, will be dealt with in accordance with the University's policy on academic honesty. CLASS PARTICIPATION: Students are expected to attend all class sessions and be active participants in the learning process. Class activities will include discussion, role playing and group collaborative activities requiring the participation of all students. Students have many experiences and skills, which they can share to facilitate everyone's learning. Evaluation will include attendance, communication and collaboration skills demonstrated during class. DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR: The University has a stringent policy and procedure for dealing with behavior that disrupts the learning environment. Consistent with the belief that your behavior can interrupt the learning of others, behavior that fits the University's definition of disruptive behavior will not be tolerated. (See Campus Policies and Procedures pp. 254-255 of the 2006- 2007 KSU Undergraduate Catalog). HUMAN DIGNITY: The University has formulated a policy on human relations that is intended to provide a learning environment, which recognizes individual worth. That policy is found on p.268 in the 2006-2007 KSU Undergraduate Catalog. It is expected, in this class, that no student should need reminding but the policy is there for your consideration. The activities of this class will be conducted in both the spirit and the letter of that policy. References Angelou, Maya (1983). I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. N.Y., Doubleday Au, K. H. (1998). Social constructivism and the school literacy learning of students of diverse backgrounds. Journal of Literacy Research, 30(2), 297-319. Au, K. H. (1993). Literacy instruction in multicultural settings. New York: Harcourt Brace. Banks, J. (1999). An introduction to multicultural education. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Banks, J. & Banks, C. A. M. (2001). Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons. Barrett, J. D. (1991). Willie’s not the hugging kind. New York: Harper Trophy. Bennett, A., Bridglall, B. L., Cauce, A. M., Everson, H. T., Gordon, E. W., Lee, C. D., Mendoza-Denton, R., Renzulli, J. S., Stewart, J. K. (2004). All students reaching the top: strategies for closing academic achievement gaps. A Report of the National Study Group for the Affirmative Development of Academic Ability. Naperville, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Bennett deMarrais, K. (1998). Urban Appalachian children: an “Invisible Minority” in city schools. In S. Books (Ed.). Invisible Children. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Bennett deMarrais, K. (1999). Colonization of the self: The construction of gender in patriarchal, capitalist America. In D. A. Gabbard (Ed.). Power/ knowledge and the politics of educational meaning: A teacher’s guide. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Bernard, B. (1996). Fostering resiliency in urban schools. In B. Williams (Ed.), Closing the Achievement Gap: A vision for changing belief and practice (pp. 96-119). Alexandria, VA: ASCD. Brown, Claude (1993). Manchild in The Promise Land. N.Y. Simon & Schuster. Bryant, L. M. (2002). I’m black and I’m proud, wished the white girl. Lincoln, NE: Universe, Inc. Cooper, M. L. ((1999). Indian school: Teaching the white man’s way. New York: Houghton Mifflin. Davis, Sampson, Jenkins, George, Hunt, Remeck, & Page, Lisa, F. (2003) The Pact: Three young men make a promise and fulfill a dream. N.Y.: Riverhead Delpit, L. (1986). Skills and other dilemmas of a progressive black educator. Harvard Educational Review, 56, 179-385. Delpit, L. (1998). The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people’s children. Harvard Educational Review, 58, 280-298. Diamond, B. & Moore, M. (1995). Multicultural literacy: Mirroring the reality of the classroom. New York: Longman. Eaker-Rich, D. & Van Galen, J. (Ed.). (1996). Caring in an unjust world: Negotiating borders and barriers in school. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Campbell, D. E. (2000). Choosing democracy: A practical guide to multicultural education. Columbus, OH: Merrill/ Prentice Hall. Cushner, K., McClelland, A., Safford, P. (2003). Human diversity in education: An integrative approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dandy, E. B. (1991). Black communications: Breaking down the barriers. Chicago, IL: African American Images. Fadiman, A. (1997). The spirit catches you and you fall down: A Hmong child, her American doctors and the collision of two cultures. New York: Noonday Press. Garcia, E. (2002). Student cultural diversity: Understanding and meeting the challenge. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Gollnick, D. M. and Chinn, P. C. (2002). Multicultural education in a pluralistic society. Columbus, OH: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Gorski, P. C. (2001). Multicultural education and the Internet: Intersections and integrations. New York: McGraw-Hill. Grant, C. A., & Gomez, M. L.(2001). Campus and classroom: Making schooling multicultural. Columbus, OH: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Haberman, M. (1995). Star teachers for children of poverty. West Lafayette, IN: Kappa Delta Pi. Hale-Baneson, J. (1986). Black children: Their roots, culture, and learning. rev. ed. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Heath, S. B. (1983). Ways with words: Language, life and work in communities and classrooms. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hilliard, A.G., III. (1990). Misunderstanding and testing intelligence. In J. I. Goodlad & P. Keating (Eds.), Access to knowledge: An agenda for our nation’s schools. New York: College Entrance Examination Board. Hollins, E., King, J. & Hayman, W. (1994). Teaching diverse populations: Formulating a knowledge base. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Hernandez, H. (2001). Multicultural education: A teacher's guide to linking context, process, and content. Columbus, OH: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Horgan, D. (1995). Achieving gender equity: Strategies for the classroom. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Hudson, C. M., Brown, C., Belcher, J., Cleveland, W., Cox, W., Dunning, A., et al. (2003). REPORT of the research and policy analysis subcommittee. Atlanta, GA: The University System of Georgia's Task Force on Enhancing Access for AfricanAmerican Males. Irvine, J. J. (Ed.). (1997). Critical knowledge for diverse teachers and learners. Washington, D.C.: AACTE. Irvine, J. (1990). Black students and school failure: Policies, practices, and prescriptions. New York: Praeger. Johnson, D. & Roen, D. (1989). Richness in writing: Empowering ESL students. White Plains, NY: Longman. Kettlewell, J., Lomotey, K., Culbreath, J., Dandy, E., Haycock, K., Hooker, S., et al. (2003). REPORT of the K-12/pipeline issues subcommittee. Atlanta, GA: The University System of Georgia's Task Force on Enhancing Access for AfricanAmerican Males. Kindlon, D. & Thompson, M. (1999). Raising Cain: Protecting the emotional life of boys. New York: Ballantine Books. Kleinfield, J. & Yerian, S. (Eds.). (1995). Gender tales: Tensions in the schools. New York: St. Martinís Press. Kozol, J. (1991). Savage inequalities. New York: Crown. Kunjufu, J. (1990). Countering the conspiracy to destroy black boys, vol. 2. Chicago, IL: African American Images. Ladson-Billings, G. (1994). Dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of African American children. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Loewen, J. W. (1995). Lies my teacher told me: Everything your American history textbook got wrong. New York: Touchstone. Lomotey, K. (Ed.). (1990). Going to school: The African-American experience. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Malcolm, X & Haley, A. (1975). The Autobiography of Malcolm X. N.Y., Random House. Marshall, P. L. (2002). Cultural diversity in our schools. Belmont, CA: Wadworth. McCaleb, S. (1994). Building communities of learners: A collaboration among teachers, students, families, and community. New York: St. Martins Press. McIntosh, P. (1989, July/August). White privilege: unpacking the invisible knapsack. Peace and Freedom, 10-12. McIntosh, P. (1990). Interactive Phases of Curricular and Personal Re-Vision with Regards to Race. Wellesley, MA: Center For Research on Women. McIntosh, P. (1995). White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through work in women’s studies. In M. L. Anderson & P. H. Collins (Eds.), Race, class, and gender: An anthology (2nd ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. McLaughlin, B. (1992). Myths and misconceptions about second language learning: What every teacher needs to unlearn. Santa Cruz, CA: National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning. Nieto, S. (1992). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education, New York: Longman Publishers. Nieves-Squires, S. (1992). Hispanic women in the U.S. academic context. In L. B. Welch (Ed.), Perspectives on minority women in higher education. New York: Praeger. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Pub. L. No. 107-110, 115 Stat. 1425 (2002). Oakes, J. (1985). Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Obgu, J. (1990). Minority education in comparative perspective. Journal of Negro Education, 59, 45-47. O’Reilly, P., Penn, B. & Bennett deMarrais, K (Eds.). (2001).Educating Young Adolescent Girls. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pacheco, M. (2004). Minority teacher recruitment, development, and retention. Harvard Educational Review, 58, 375-379. Paley, V.G. (1989). White teacher. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Pang, V.O. (1998). Ethnic prejudice: Still alive and hurtful. Harvard Educational Review, 58, 375-379. Pelzer, David (1995) A child called It . Omaha, Omaha Press. Pipher, M. (1994). Reviving Ophelia: Saving the selves of adolescent girls. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons. Purcell-Gates, V. (1995). Other people’s words: The cycle of low literacy. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Rodriguez, R. (1982). The hunger of memory: The education of Richard Rodriquez. Boston: David R. Godine. Ryan, P. M. (2000). Esperanza rising. New York: Scholastic. Sadker, M. & Sadker, D. (1994). Failing at fairness: How our schools cheat girls. New York: Simon & Schuster. Singelis, T.M. (Ed.) (1998). Teaching about Culture, Ethnicity, & Diversity: exercises and planned. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Slavin, R. E., & Bradock, J., III., (1994). Ability grouping: On the wrong track. In J. I. Goodlad & P. Keating (Eds.), Access to knowledge; The continuing agenda for our nation’s schools. New York: College Entrance Examination Board. Sleeter, C. E. (1993). How white teachers construct race. In C. McCarthy & W. Crichlow (Eds.), Race identity and representation in education. New York: Routledge. Sleeter, C. E. & Grant, C. A. (1999). Making choice for multicultural education: Five approaches to race, class, and gender. Columbus, OH: Merrill/Prentice Hall. Smith, G. P. (1987). The effects of competency testing on the supply of minority teachers. A report prepared for the National Education Association and the Council of chief State School Officers. ED302 521. Washington, D.C.: NEA. Smith, G. P. (1998). Common sense about uncommon knowledge: The knowledge bases for diversity. Washington, DC: AACTE. Sobel, D.M., Taylor, S.V, & Anderson, R.E. (2003). Shared accountability: Encouraging Diversity-Responsive teaching in inclusive contexts. Teaching Exceptional Children, 35, 46-54. Spring, J. (2004). The intersection of cultures. New York: McGraw Hill. Stepp, L. (2000). Our last best shot: Guiding our children through early adolescence. New York: Riverhead Books. Tatum, B.D. (1997). Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria? And other conversations about race. New York: Basic Books. U.S. Congress (1984). Equal Educational Opportunities and Transportation of Students Act of 1974, 294(f). 20 U.S.L. Valenica, R. (1991). Chicano school failure and success. New York: The Falmer Press. Ward, J. V. (2000). The skin we’re in. New York: The Free Press. Wainer, A. (2004). The new Latino south: Strategies for educators and policy makers in emerging immigrant communities. Los Angeles: The Tomas Rivera Policy Institute. Woodson, C. G. [1933] 1990. The miseducation of the Negro. Trenton, NJ: African World Press, Inc. Zehr, M. (2005). Report faults immigrant instruction in 3 states. Education Week, 24, 12.