BAGWELL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Ed.D. Program EDL 9500 Research & Theory in Educational Technology Kennesaw State University Bagwell College of Education Department: Educational Leadership Department phone number: Semester: XXXX Credit Hours: 3 INSTRUCTOR: TEXTS: e-mail: Web page: Office Phone: Kozma, R. (2004). Technology Innovation and Educational Change: A Global Perspective. Eugene, OR: ISTE COURSE CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Prerequisites: Admission to the Ed.S. or Ed.D. program in Educational Leadership or approval of the Educational Leadership Department to enroll in this course as an elective course. Candidates will review the socio-historical foundations of educational technology as an academic discipline. They will explore landmark research findings and theoretical perspectives that have shaped the field in the past two decades. They will also review current research in the field of educational technology and explore the questions that are influencing current research agendas. PURPOSE/RATIONALE: Educational technology is a diverse and relatively new academic field that covers a broad range of topics and draws from many different theoretical and methodological traditions. This course is designed (1) to help educational leaders apply current research to improve practice in their own schools/districts; and (2) to help candidates to strengthen their ability to conceptualize and conduct research that will add to the current knowledge base in the field of educational technology. KSU CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK SUMMARY Collaborative Development of Expertise in Teaching and Learning The Professional Teacher Education Unit (PTEU) at Kennesaw State University is committed to developing expertise among candidates in initial and advanced programs as teachers and leaders who possess the capability, intent and expertise to facilitate high levels of learning in all of their students through effective, research-based practices in classroom instruction, and who enhance the structures that support all learning. To that end, the PTEU fosters the development of candidates as they progress through stages of growth from novice to proficient to expert and “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 1 of 12 leader. Within the PTEU conceptual framework, expertise is viewed as a process of continued development, not an end-state. To be effective, teachers and educational leaders must embrace the notion that teaching and learning are entwined and that only through the implementation of validated practices can all students construct meaning and reach high levels of learning. In that way, candidates at the doctoral level develop into leaders for learning and facilitators of the teaching and learning process. Finally, the PTEU recognizes, values, and demonstrates collaborative practices across the college and university and extends collaboration to the community-at-large. Through this collaboration with professionals in the university, the public and private schools, parents and other professional partners, the PTEU meets the ultimate goal of assisting Georgia schools in bringing all students to high levels of learning. Knowledge Base: Teacher development is generally recognized as a continuum that includes four phases: preservice, induction, in-service, renewal (Odell, Huling, and Sweeny, 2000). Just as Sternberg (1996) believes that the concept of expertise is central to analyzing the teaching-learning process, the teacher education faculty at KSU believe that the concept of expertise is central to preparing effective classroom teachers and teacher leaders. Researchers describe how during the continuum phases teachers progress from being Novices learning to survive in classrooms toward becoming Experts who have achieved elegance in their teaching. We, like Sternberg (1998), believe that expertise is not an end-state but a process of continued development. Use of Technology: Technology Standards for Educators are required by the Professional Standards Commission. Telecommunication and information technologies will be integrated throughout the master teacher preparation program, and all candidates must be able to use technology to improve student learning and meet Georgia Technology Standards for Educators. During the courses, candidates will be provided with opportunities to explore and use instructional media. They will master use of productivity tools, such as multimedia facilities, local-net and Internet, and feel confident to design multimedia instructional materials, and create WWW resources. Field Experience: While participating in all field experiences, you are encouraged to be involved in a variety of school-based activities directed at the improvement of teaching and learning. Activities may include, but are not limited to, attending and presenting at professional conferences, participating in leadership activities, attending PTA/school board meetings, and participating in educationrelated community events. As you continue your field experiences, you are encouraged to explore every opportunity to learn by doing. Diversity: A variety of materials and instructional strategies will be employed to meet the needs of the different learning styles of diverse learners in class. Candidates will gain knowledge as well as an understanding of differentiated strategies and curricula for providing effective instruction and assessment within multicultural classrooms. One element of course work is raising candidate awareness of critical multicultural issues. A second element is to cause candidates to explore how multiple attributes of multicultural populations influence decisions in employing specific methods and materials for every student. Among these attributes are ethnicity, race, “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 2 of 12 socioeconomic status, gender, giftedness, disability, language, religion, family structure, sexual orientation, and geographic region. An emphasis on cognitive style differences provides a background for the consideration of cultural context. Kennesaw State University provides program accessibility and accommodations for persons defined as disabled under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 or the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A number of services are available to support students with disabilities within their academic program. In order to make arrangements for special services, students must visit the Office of Disabled Student Support Services (770-423- 6443) and develop an individual assistance plan. In some cases, certification of disability is required. Please be aware that there are other support/mentor groups on the campus of Kennesaw State University that address each of the multicultural variables outlined above. For more information contact the Student Life Center at 770-423-6280. Doctorate of Education (EdD) The knowledge, skills and dispositions (KSD’s) of the graduates of the The Kennesaw State University Doctorate of Education program of the Bagwell College of Education reflect the unique aspects of this degree. Collaboratively developed by faculty from across the university and in consultation with community/school partners, these outcomes and proficiencies delineate the high expectations we have for graduates who will be Leaders for Learning. Clearly, the proficiencies reflect the complex nature of student learning in advanced degree programs leading to a terminal degree. Consequently, many of the proficiencies listed below incorporate aspects of knowledge, skills and dispositions within a single proficiency. These proficiencies are clearly linked to our conceptual framework, The Collaborative Development of Expertise in Teaching, Learning and Leadership. Graduates from the Doctorate of Education Program at Kennesaw State University 1. Demonstrate leadership as advocates for students and education. Candidates a. synthesize and apply the latest research on learning, leadership, developmental theory advocating the implementation of best practices and assist colleagues to do the same to ensure all students learn. b. are knowledgeable, articulate and think critically about educational practice, policy and issues on national and international arenas. c. understand, respond to , and influence the larger political, social, economic, legal, and cultural context in matters related to education. d. are knowledgeable about the factors contributing to safe physical environments for education. e. develop, articulate, implement, and steward a vision of learning supported by the school community 2. Demonstrate leadership as agents for change, collaboration and collegiality. Candidates a. understand the complexity of schools and the ambiguous nature of educational issues. “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 3 of 12 b. act in concert with and/or on behalf of colleagues to improve teaching and learning in the classroom as supported by effective school, district, state level policies and operations. c. facilitate shared-decision making and teamwork. d. improve teaching and learning by intentionally and systematically building networks of influence at local, state, national and international arenas. e. impact student learning for all and mentor other educators to do the same by effectively working within the structures and culture of schools, families and communities. f. support the teaching and learning process by soliciting all sources of funding and educational resources. 3. Demonstrate leadership as mentors. Candidates a. support and guide teachers to improve teaching and learning for all. b. are committed to improving student learning by improving teaching and the learning environment. c. model routine, intentional, and effective use of technology while mentori8ng and encouraging others to do the same. 4. Demonstrate leadership as expert teachers and instructional leaders. Candidates a. are creative and flexible in their thinking and in seeking solutions to educational challenges. b. are knowledgeable of assessment, evaluation and accountability practices and critically synthesize and utilize the data to improve student learning. c. are master-teachers and instructional leaders possessing and demonstrating content and pedagogical expertise who are able to make international comparisons in both areas. d. develop and/or support appropriate, meaningful curricula that positively impact student learning for all and assist others to do the same. e. facilitate and support curricular design, instructional strategies, and learning environments that integrate appropriate technologies to maximize teaching and learning. f. use technology to collect and analyze data, interpret results, and communicate findings to improve instructional practice and student learning. 5. Demonstrate leadership as models of professionalism. Candidates a. effectively design and conduct educational research which positively influences educational practice or policy. b. exhibit ethical behavior in all professional and personal interactions. c. respect others, value differences and are open to feedback. d. believe that for every problem there is a solution and actualize that belief when engaging colleagues, students, families and community partners. e. seek out responsibility and are accountable for their actions. f. maintain current knowledge and best practices through continued professional development. 6. Demonstrate leadership in meeting the needs of diverse constituents. Candidates a. value and recognize the strength and power of diversity. “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 4 of 12 b. incorporate global perspectives and cultural richness in curriculum planning and decision making. c. address exceptionalities in planning, teaching, and assessment and respond to diverse community interests and needs by mobilizing community resources. d. proactively and intentionally advocate for and work to build educational environments that are inclusive and supportive of diverse students, families and colleagues GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: (Aligned to Content Standards) Candidates will apply research on the effective use of technology to instructional environments in their own schools, and they will conduct research that will assist educators in using technology to improve teaching and learning. (ELCC 1, 2, 3, 5, 6; Nets-A I, II, II, IV, VI; TL II, III, IV, VI, VI, VIII) In pursuit of these goals, the learning objectives of this course include: 1. Identifying and evaluating methods and strategies for teaching computer/technology concepts and skills within the context of classroom learning and coordinate dissemination of best practices at the national and international level (ELCC 2; NETS-A II; TL II) 2. Conducting research on teaching and learning with technology when planning learning environments and experiences (ELCC 2; NETS-A I, II; TL II) 3. Researching findings on the management of technology resources within the context of learning activities and create a professional development model (ELCC 3; Nets-A II, III; TL II) 4. Conducting research on a variety of strategies to manage student learning in a technology-enhanced environment and disseminate results (ELCC 2, 6; Nets-A II; TL II) 5. Disseminating major research findings and trends related to the use of technology in education to support integration throughout the curriculum (ELCC 1, 6; Nets-A I, II; TL III) 6. Researching and disseminate findings on the effectiveness of technology resources for evaluating learning, communication, and productivity (ELCC 1, 2, 6; Nets-A I, II, III; TL IV) 7. Researching best practices related to applying appropriate technology resources to enable and empower learners with diverse backgrounds, characteristics, and abilities (ELCC 2, 5, 6; Nets-A I, II; TL VI) 8. Researching adaptive /assistive hardware and software for students and teachers with special needs and advocate appropriate use at the national and international level (ELCC 2, 5, 6; Nets-A I, II; TL VI) 9. Conducting research to determine best practices for applying appropriate technology resources to affirm diversity and address cultural and language differences (ELCC 2, 5, 6;Nets-A I, II, VI; TL VI) 10. Conducting research and advocate safe and healthy use of technology (Nets-A VI; TL VI) 11. Researching the social historical foundations of education and how they relate to the use of technology in schools (ELCC 1, 6; Nets-A I; TL VIII) “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 5 of 12 12. Researching to determine effectiveness of strategies and procedures for resource acquisition and management of technology-based systems including hardware and software (ELCC 3, 6; Nets-A IV; TL VIII) 13. Advocating for research-based practices (ELCC 1,2,6; Nets-A I; TL I, II, III, V, VI, VII, and VIII) 14. Understanding, responding to, and influencing research that is relevant to the field of educational technology (ELCC I; Nets-A VI; TL I, II, III, V, VI, VII, and VIII) 15. Using technology to facilitate the research process and to increase candidates’ productivity as a researcher (ELCC 6; Nets-A III; TL V). GOALS AND OBJECTIVES – aligned to Program Standards The Professional Teacher Education Unit prepares learning facilitators who understand their disciplines and principles of pedagogy, who reflect on their practice, and who apply these understandings to making instructional decisions that foster the success of all learners. As a result of the satisfactory fulfillment of the requirements of these courses, the candidate will demonstrate the following outcomes: Course objective Doctoral KSDs 1. Identifying and evaluating methods and strategies for teaching computer/technology concepts and skills within the context of classroom learning and coordinate dissemination of best practices at the national and international level. 4e 2. Conducting research on teaching and learning with technology when planning learning environments and experiences. 5a 3. Researching findings on the management of technology resources within the context of learning activities and create a professional development model. 4e 4. Conducting research on a variety of strategies to manage student learning in a technology-enhanced environment and “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” 5a Distributed School Leadership Roles* Curriculum, Instruction & Assessment Leader Learning & Development Leader Curriculum, Instruction & Assessment Leader Curriculum, Instruction & Assessment Leader Learning & Development Leader Learning & Development Leader PSC/NCATE Standard 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 Page 6 of 12 disseminate results. 5. Disseminating major research findings and trends related to the use of technology in education to support integration throughout the curriculum. 6. Researching and disseminate findings on the effectiveness of technology resources for evaluating learning, communication, and productivity. 7. Researching best practices related to applying appropriate technology resources to enable and empower learners with diverse backgrounds, characteristics, and abilities. 8. Researching adaptive /assistive hardware and software for students and teachers with special needs and advocate appropriate use at the national and international level. 9. Conducting research to determine best practices for applying appropriate technology resources to affirm diversity and address cultural and language differences. 10. Conducting research and advocate safe and healthy use of technology. 11. Researching the social historical foundations of education and how they relate to the use of technology in schools. 12. Researching to determine effectiveness of strategies and procedures for resource acquisition and management of technology-based systems including hardware and software. 13. Advocating for research-based practices. 14. Understanding, responding to, and influencing research that is relevant to the field of educational technology. 15. Using technology to facilitate the research process and to increase candidates’ productivity as a researcher. “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” 1a Learning & Development Leader 1.2, 1.5 1a Learning & Development Leader 1.2, 1.5 1a Learning & Development Leader 1.2, 1.5 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d Curriculum, Instruction & Assessment Leader 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 5a Curriculum, Instruction & Assessment Leader 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 5a Operations Leader Learning & Development Leader 1.5 1b Operations Leader 1.5 1a Curriculum, Instruction & Assessment Leader Learning & Development Leader Learning & Development Leader 1.2, 1.5, 1.8 1c 1c 5a 1.2, 1.5 1.2, 1.5 1.2, 1.5 Page 7 of 12 *Georgia’s Leadership Institute for School Improvement & Georgia Committee on Educational Leadership Preparation’s Distributed School Leadership Roles COURSE OUTLINE: 1. Theoretical traditions in educational technology research 2. Methodologies common to studying educational applications of technology 3. Research topics in educational technology research 4. Current issues in educational technology research 5. Technologies for facilitating the research process and the productivity of the researcher COURSE REQUIREMENTS/ASSIGNMENTS: 1. Candidates will participate in a series of online discussion forums and in-class activities responding to assigned readings, recommended websites, and critical issues related to the professional learning and instructional technology. Candidate responses should relate not only to the question(s), but also to the comments made by classmates and/or instructor. These responses should clearly demonstrate that candidates have read the required articles, thoroughly examined recommended websites, and participated fully in course assignments and exercises. Responses should be relevant to the topic and should serve to move the discussion forward—not simply agree or disagree with what has already been stated. Candidates should interact with classmates constructively and respectively, allowing for everyone to participate. Candidates should follow the rules of netiquette to be provided in class. 2. Candidates will submit one-page summaries and reflections on a minimum of 2 books and 10 articles. Selected publications should be focused on theories and/or research related to the instructional applications of technology for teaching and learning. Reflections should center on how this source is relevant to their own doctoral research project. Summaries will be accompanied by an annotated bibliography suitable for posting on a public web site. Reviewed articles and books should be current (within the last two-five years) unless it has significant historical merit to a particular topic. 3. Candidates will submit a three-five page paper identifying a critical question suitable to guide future research/development related to the instructional applications of technology in K-12 schools. The paper should also build a rationale of why this research would add to the theoretical knowledge in the field and the results might serve to improve teaching and learning in K-12 schools. EVALUATION AND GRADING: Online and In-class Discussion of Readings (40% of grade) Research Summaries (40% of grade) Critical Questions Paper (20% of grade) A: B: C: F: 92% - 100% 84%-91% 75%-83% 74% or lower “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 8 of 12 Note: All written work should reflect careful organization of material and the high standards of investigation associated with college-level studies. Papers should be typewritten, on 8 1/2 x 11 in. paper. Action research work submitted should follow APA format. Manuscripts must be proof read to ensure accuracy in spelling, punctuation, and grammar. Written work should be attractive and neat -ESPECIALLY WITH MATERIALS INTENDED FOR STUDENT USE. ACADEMIC HONESTY STATEMENT: The KSU Graduate Catalog states “KSU expects that graduate students will pursue their academic programs in an ethical, professional manner. Any work that students present in fulfillment of program or course requirements should reflect their own efforts, achieved without giving or receiving any unauthorized assistance. Any student who is found to have violated these expectations will be subject to disciplinary action.” PROFESSIONALISM: CLASS ATTENDANCE/PARTICIPATION POLICY: Attendance is required for each class session, and candidates are expected to be on time. Part of your success in this class is related to your ability to provide peer reviews and feedback to your group members regarding group projects. Furthermore, responding effectively and appropriately to feedback from your peers and the professor is another measure of one’s professionalism. Since each class meeting represents one week of instruction/learning, failure to attend class will impact your performance on assignments and final exams. Class discussions, group work, and activities require that everyone be present. There is no way to “make up” this class. Please be prepared with all readings completed prior to class. You are expected to ask insightful and pertinent questions. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY: CoSN. (2001). Taking TCO to the classroom: A school administrator’s guide to planning for the total cost of new technology. Datnow, A., Hubbard, L., Mehan, H. (1998). Education reform implementation: A coconstructed process. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Dede, C. (2001). State policy framework for assessing educational technology implementation. Co-sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the Benton Foundation, the Council of Chief State School Officers, and NEIR*TEC. http://www.neirtec.org/statepolicy/forum1/ Dickard, N. (2003). Edtech 2002: Budget Challenges, Policy Shifts and Digital Opportunities. In N. Dickard, (Ed.), The Sustainability Challenge: Taking edtech to the next level. Washington, D.C.: Benton Foundation. http://www.benton.org Dickard, N., Honey, M., & Wilhem, A. (2003). Introduction: The challenge of taking edtech to the next level. In N. Dickard, (Ed.), The Sustainability Challenge: Taking edtech to the next level. Washington, D.C.: Benton Foundation. http://www.benton.org EdWeek (2003, May 8). Tech Counts Special Issue. http://www.edweek.com EdWeek (2001). Tech Counts Special Issue. http://www.edweek.com EnGauge: A framework for planning and evaluating the systemwide use of educational technology (2000). Naperville, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, http://www.ncrel.org/engauge/ Fatemi, E. (1999, Sept.). Building the digital curriculum. Ed Week, Tech Counts Special Issue. “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 9 of 12 http://www.edweek.com Fitzgerald, S. (2003). Back to the Future: Total cost of ownership and other edtech sustainability models. In N. Dickard, (Ed.), The Sustainability Challenge: Taking edtech to the next level. Washington, D.C.: Benton Foundation. http://www.benton.org Georgia’s Statewide Study of Technology Use. (2002). Study conducted by the Georgia Department of Education and the National Business in Education Alliance. Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1999, May). The evolution of the digital divide: Examining the relationship of race to internet access and usage over time. Working paper [Online]. Available: http://www.2000.ogsm.vanderbilt.edu/digital.divide.html. Jacobson, M. J., & Spiro, R. J. (1995). 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Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor. http://wdr.doleta.gov/SCANS/whatwork/whatwork.html Slavin, R.E. (1995) Cooperative learning: theory, research, and practice (2nd ed). Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon. Slavin, R.E. (1996, March/April) Cooperative learning in middle and secondary schools. Clearing House, 69, 469. Slavin, R.E. (1999, Spring) Comprehensive approaches to cooperative learning. Theory into practice, 38, 74. Slavin, R.E. (2002, February) Mounting evidence supports the achievement effects of success for all. Phi Delta Kappan, 83, 469. Slavin, R.E., Sharan, S., Lazarowitz, R., Webb, C., and Schmuck, R. (1985) Learning to cooperate, cooperating to learn. New York: Plenum Press. Survey of state departments of education (2003). As published in EdWeek’s Tech Counts Issue, May 8, 2003. http://www.edweek.com Technology Standards for School Administrators Collaborative, (2001). Technology standards for school administrators. Naperville, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. http://cnets.iste.org/tssa/ U. S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration. “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 11 of 12 (1999). Chart A-8: Percent of U. S. households with computers by income, 1984-1998 (Selected years). In Falling through the net: Defining the digital divide. Washington, D.C. Available online: http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn99/contents.html U. S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration. (1998). Falling through the net II: New data on the digital divide [Online]. Available: http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/net2/falling.html U. S. Census Bureau. (2000). Home computers and Internet use in the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce. http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/p23-207.pdf Valdez, G., McNabb, M., Foertsch, M., Anderson, M., Hawkes, M., and Raack, L. (2000). Computer-based technology and learning: Evolving uses and expectations. Naperville, IL: North Central Educational Laboratory. Wenglinsky, H. (2002, February). How schools matter: The link between teacher classroom practices and student academic performance. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 10(12). http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v10n12/ Williams, C. (2000). Statistics in brief: Internet access in U. S. public schools and classrooms, 1994-1999. Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education “The Collaborative Development of Expertise” Page 12 of 12