METEOSAT SECOND
GENERATION
(MSG)
FROM FIRST TO SECOND
GENERATION METEOSAT
(from MFG to MSG)
Author:
Volker Gärtner (EUMETSAT)
(gaertner@eumetsat.de)
Contributors: M. König (EUMETSAT), J. Kerkmann (EUMETSAT)
D. Rosenfeld (HUJ), V. Zwatz-Meise (ZAMG),
H.-P. Roesli (MeteoSwiss)
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
Slide 1
METEOSAT-1 to 7
Meteosat First Generation (MFG)
Vis & IR Imager
3 Spectral Channels
Images every 30 Minutes
5 km horizontal ‘Sampling Distance’
VIS-Channel 2.5 km
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Slide 2
Channels of First Generation METEOSAT
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Slide 3
VIS, IR & WV channels
of Meteosat First Generation
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Slide 4
Comparison: MSG - Present Meteosat
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Slide 5
Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG
and MSG Image Data
 Unlike MFG, the MSG system allows for full flexibility in the start and end
time of the scanning period
 One other important difference to note is that the start of data dissemination
to end users commences before the completion of the full repeat cycle
 The time given in the header of each MSG image file is always the start of
the repeat cycle (e.g. data given the time 12.00 UTC corresponds to the
data acquired during the repeat cycle of 12.00 UTC to 12.15 UTC)
 The time given in the header of each MFG image file is always the end of
the repeat cycle (e.g. data given the time 12.00 UTC corresponds to the
data acquired during the repeat cycle of 11.30 UTC to 12.00 UTC)
 However, to maintain continuity in the meteorological data archive, the
MFG and MSG archive data (data older than 24-hours) is ordered using the
time period corresponding to the end of the data acquisition period
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Slide 6
Comparison: Time Stamping of MFG
and MSG Image Data
Differences in the time stamping between first and
second generation Meteosat satellite data
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Slide 7
MSG-1
LAUNCH ON
28-AUG-2002
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Slide 8
Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)
 Spinning Enhanced Vis & IR Imager
 12 Spectral Channels
 Images every 15 Minutes
 3 km horizontal ‘sampling distance’
at Sub-Satellite Point (SSP)
 Hi-Res VIS-Channel 1 km sampling
distance (SSP)
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
Slide 9
MSG SEVIRI CHANNELS
Basic + Airmass + Hi Res Vis Missions
Window
VIS 0.6
VIS 0.8
IR 1.6
IR 3.9
IR 8.7
Band (µm)
0.56 - 0.71
0.74 - 0.88
1.50 - 1.78
3.48 - 4.36
8.30 - 9.10
Absorption
H2O 6.2
H2O 7.3
O3 9.7
CO2 13.4
Band (µm)
5.35 - 7.15
6.85 - 7.85
9.38 - 9.94
12.40 - 14.40
IR 10.8
IR 12.0
9.80 - 11.80
11.00 - 13.00
High Res VIS
HRV
1km Sampling
0.4 - 1.1
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Slide 10
SEVIRI IR Channels
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Slide 11
Contribution Functions
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Slide 12
MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING
(Example: 13 October 2003, 12:15 UTC)
MFG IR Channel 5 km
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MSG IR10.8 Channel 3 km
Slide 13
MFG IR Channel ~ 5 km
MFG VIS Channel ~ 2.5 km
MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL
SAMPLING
(Example: 4 December 2002,
12:30 UTC)
MSG HRV channel ~ 1 km
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Slide 14
MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING
(Example: 11 November 2003, 11:00 UTC)
MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km
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MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km
Slide 15
MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING
(Example: 5 November 2003)
Kaiserstuhl
(557 m)
MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km
08:00 UTC
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km
08:45 UTC
Slide 16
MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING
(Example: 8 December 2003, 11:45 UTC)
MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km
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MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km
Slide 17
IMPROVED SPATIAL SAMPLING
- MSG-1 HRVIS vs NOAA-16 AVHRR CH2 (Example: 19 November 2003)
MSG HRVIS Channel, 13:00 UTC
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AVHRR Channel 2, 13:02 UTC
Slide 18
MSG: IMPROVED TIME SAMPLING
(Example: 8 June 2003)
10:00
10:30
MFG VIS, 30 min sampling
10:00
10:15
10:30
10:45
MSG HRVIS, 15 min sampling
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11:00
11:00
Slide 19
MSG: IMPROVED SPATIAL AND TIME SAMPLING
(Example: 10 December 2003 - MSG Rapid Scans)
MFG VIS Channel 2.5 km/30 min MSG HRVIS Channel 1 km/5 min
Click on the icon to see the animation
(12:00-14:30 UTC, AVI, 10229 KB) !
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Slide 20
MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING
(Example: 20 May 2003, 12:00 UTC)
Severe
Convection
MFG IR Channel
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
MSG RGB Composite
(R=01, G=03, B=04i)
Slide 21
MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING
(Example: 8 June 2003, 12:00 UTC)
Tornadic
Storms
MFG IR Channel
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
MSG-1 RGB Composite
(R=01, G=03, B=09)
Slide 22
MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING
(Example: 3 August 2003, 12:00 UTC)
Smoke from
fores fires
MFG VIS Channel
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
MSG RGB Composite
(R=03, G=02, B=01)
Slide 23
MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING
(Example: 9 September 2003, 12:00 UTC)
Hurricane
Isabel
MFG IR Channel
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
MSG RGB Composite
(R=05-06, G=04-09, B=03-01)
Slide 24
MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING
(Example: 11 November 2003, 03:00 UTC)
Fog/Low
Stratus (night)
MSG IR10.8 Channel
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
MSG RGB Composite
(R=10-09, G=09-04, B=09)
Slide 25
MSG: IMPROVED SPECTRAL SAMPLING
(Example: 26 September 2003, 08:00 UTC)
Contrails
MSG IR10.8 Channel
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MSG Difference Image
(IR12.0 - IR10.8)
Slide 26
The Following Slides ….
• … will show full disk views of each channel, providing a
general overview
• after that each channel and its specific application will be
discussed in more detail and with more examples
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Slide 27
Land Surface
MSG Channel VIS0.6
Clouds
high reflectance
sun glint
thick clouds
snow
desert
bare soil
forest
cloud detection,
cloud tracking,
aerosol observation,
image navigation
support scene identification
thin clouds
over land
thin clouds
over sea
sea
low reflectance
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Slide 28
Land Surface
MSG Channel VIS0.8
Clouds
high reflectance
sun glint
thick clouds
snow
desert
grass etc.
forest
bare soil
cloud detection,
cloud tracking,
aerosol observation,
image navigation
support scene identification
thin clouds
over land
thin clouds
over sea
sea
low reflectance
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Slide 29
Land Surface
MSG Channel NIR1.6
Clouds
high reflectance
sun glint
water clouds
with small
droplets
desert
grass etc.
forest
aerosol observation,
snow/ice detection
support scene identification
water clouds
with large
droplets
ice clouds
with small
particles
bare soil
snow
ice clouds
with large
particles
sea
low reflectance
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Slide 30
Contribution Function
“window” channel
CO2 absorption
plus solar
contribution during
daytime!
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Slide 31
Land Surface
MSG Channel IR3.9 Day
Clouds
low reflectance/
cold
cold ice
clouds
snow
sea
cold land
warm tropical
areas
forest
hot desert
night-time fog detection
(SST: 297.7) cloud phase
urban heat island
fire detection
support scene identification
293.0
ice clouds
with small
particles
water
clouds over
sea
water
clouds over
land
fires
sun glint
high reflectance/
warm
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Slide 32
Land Surface
MSG Channel IR3.9 Night
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
cold surfaces
mid-level
clouds
warm surfaces
(trop. oceans,
lakes)
night-time fog detection
291.7
cloud phase
urban heat island
fire detection
suport scene identification
low-level
clouds
fires
warm
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
Slide 33
Contribution Function
no / almost no surface
contribution
actual weighting function
depends on actual
humidity profile
WV6.2: higher in
atmosphere than WV7.3
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Slide 34
Land Surface
MSG Channel WV6.2
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
high humidity
in upper
troposphere
water vapour information
wind tracking
support scene identification
support GII retrieval
243.2
low humidity
in upper
troposphere
warm
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Slide 35
Land Surface
MSG Channel WV7.3
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
high humidity
in mid
troposphere
mid-level
clouds
water vapour information
wind tracking
support scene identification
support GII retrieval
263.1
low humidity
in mid
troposphere
high level
warm surface
warm
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Slide 36
Contribution Function
“window” channel
H2O absorption
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Slide 37
Land Surface
MSG Channel IR8.7
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
cold land
surface
warm sea
surface
thin or broken cirrus clouds
291.7
cloud phase
support scene identification
support GII retrieval
mid-level
clouds
low-level
clouds
hot land
surface
warm
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Slide 38
Contribution Function
large surface contribution,
ozone absorption
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Slide 39
Land Surface
MSG Channel IR9.6
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
cold land
surface
total ozone information
272.5
tropopause monitoring
warm sea
surface
mid-level
clouds
low-level
clouds
hot land
surface
warm
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Slide 40
Contribution Function
“split window” channels
large surface contribution
some H2O absorption
(higher in 12.0)
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Slide 41
Land Surface
MSG Channel IR10.8
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
cold land
surface
warm sea
surface
earth
and cloud temperature
293.8
low level humidity
cloud tracking
support scene identification
support GII retrieval
mid-level
clouds
low-level
clouds
hot land
surface
warm
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
Slide 42
Land Surface
MSG Channel IR12.0
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
cold land
surface
warm sea
surface
earth
and cloud temperature
292.6
low level humidity
cloud tracking
support scene identification
support GII retrieval
mid-level
clouds
low-level
clouds
hot land
surface
warm
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Slide 43
Contribution Function
some surface contribution
CO2 absorption
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Slide 44
MSG Channel IR13.4
Land Surface
Clouds
cold
high-level
clouds
cold land
surface
height
determination of thin clouds
273.5
support scene identification
support GII retrieval
warm sea
surface
mid-level
clouds
low-level
clouds
hot land
surface
warm
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
Slide 45
MSG Channel HRVIS
high reflectance
sun glint
very thick
clouds
snow
desert
bare soil
forest
small scale convection
surface features
aerosol observations
(cloud tracking)
very thin
clouds over
land
very thin
clouds over
sea
sea surface
low reflectance
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Slide 46
VIS0.6
HRV
Usefulness of HRV data can be best assessed by
comparing to 3km resolution data
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Slide 47
Summary: MSG Benefits
 Improved Nowcasting (very short term forecasting)
 Higher quality of the image data
 Higher temporal and spatial resolution, and higher
quality of the meteorological parameters, which are
derived from the image data  better forecasts
 Higher capacity of data collection
(climate monitoring, science)
 GERB instrument for climatological studies
 S&R package for emergencies
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
Slide 48
Summary: Value of MSG for Nowcasting





Higher temporal sampling (15 minutes)
Higher spatial sampling (3 km IR and VIS, 1 km HRVIS)
Higher spectral sampling (12 channels)
Higher quality of data (e.g. 10 bits digitisation)
Better discrimination of surfaces/clouds (window
channels)
 More information on vetical structure of the atmosphere
– Pseudo sounding and stability products
– Water vapour at two levels (WV channels)
– Ozone/tropopause information (IR9.6 channel)
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Slide 49
Summary: Value of MSG for NWP
 Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV)
–
–
–
–
Better tracking (15 minutes)
Improved height assignment (with IR13.4 and WV channels)
Potential for higher resolution winds
Better spatial coverage near and over active weather systems
 more layers of AMVs (2 WV channels, Ozone channel)
 more information on cloudy and cloud-free areas
– Automatic quality control and flags for NWP assimilation
 Clear Sky Radiances (CSR)
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Slide 50
Summary: Value of MSG for Climate
Monitoring
 Improved calibration and radiometric accuracy
 Provision of basic climate data sets
 Dedicated Satellite Application Facility (Climate SAF)
and multi-mission archive (U-MARF)
 Potential for land applications (e.g. surface albedo)
 Novel observations of convective phenomena (microphysics and dynamics)
Version 1.0, 30 November 2004
Slide 51