Technical Reference User Manual (TRM) No. 2004-25 1/1/04

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1/1/04
255 S. Champlain Street, Burlington, VT 05401-4717
(888) 921-5990 (toll-free) (802) 658-1643 (fax)
Technical Reference User Manual (TRM)
No. 2004-25
Measure Savings Algorithms and Cost Assumptions
Through Portfolio 25
Previous TRM User Manual Versions Sent to VT Department of Public Service:
TRM Number
No. 4-16
No. 2004-25
Updated Through
Portfolio No.
16
25
Please send questions and comments to:
Toben Galvin
Efficiency Vermont
255 S. Champlain Street
Burlington, VT 05401
(802) 658-6060 x1110
tgalvin@veic.org
Date Sent to DPS
1/13/03
1/1/04
Table of Contents
(This page is formatted so a reader can click on the page number and link to the associated page)
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6
GROSS-TO-NET SAVINGS CALCULATION ........................................................................................ 6
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS ......................................................................................................................... 7
PERSISTENCE ............................................................................................................................................ 7
GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................. 9
LOADSHAPES ............................................................................................................................................10
COMMERCIAL ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................................14
MOTORS END USE ......................................................................................................................................14
Efficient Motors .....................................................................................................................................14
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) ........................................................................................................18
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental Remediation Projects .......................................23
Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors .......................................................................................26
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms .............................................................................30
HVAC END USE ........................................................................................................................................33
Unitary HVAC .......................................................................................................................................33
HVAC END USE ........................................................................................................................................37
Dual Enthalpy Economizer ....................................................................................................................37
LIGHTING END USE ....................................................................................................................................40
T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast .......................................................................................................40
CFL Fixture ...........................................................................................................................................44
Exterior HID..........................................................................................................................................47
LED Exit Sign ........................................................................................................................................49
Lighting Controls...................................................................................................................................51
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals ...........................................................................................................54
HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide ................................................................................57
CFL Screw-in ........................................................................................................................................60
Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with Electronic Ballast........................................63
Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast ...............................................................65
TRANSFORMER END USE ............................................................................................................................67
Energy Star Transformers .....................................................................................................................67
REFRIGERATION END USE ..........................................................................................................................70
Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines ..................................................................................70
Refrigerated Case Covers ......................................................................................................................72
Refrigeration Economizer......................................................................................................................74
Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators .....................................................................................................77
Commercial Reach-In Freezer ..............................................................................................................80
Commercial Ice-makers ........................................................................................................................83
Evaporator Fan Motor Controls ...........................................................................................................87
Permanent Split Capacitor Motor .........................................................................................................89
Zero-Energy Doors ................................................................................................................................91
Door Heater Controls............................................................................................................................93
Discus and Scroll Compressors .............................................................................................................95
Floating Head Pressure Control ...........................................................................................................98
COMPRESSED AIR END USE......................................................................................................................101
Compressed Air – Non-Controls .........................................................................................................101
Compressed Air – Controls .................................................................................................................103
SNOW MAKING END USE .........................................................................................................................105
Snow Making .......................................................................................................................................105
MONITOR POWER MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................107
2
EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software ..................................................................................107
COMMERCIAL ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES (ACT 250 AND COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) ....111
LIGHTING END USE (ACT 250 AND COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) .................................................................111
Non-Control Lighting (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track) ...............................................................111
Lighting Controls.................................................................................................................................126
MOTORS END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) .....................................................................129
Efficient Motors ...................................................................................................................................129
HVAC END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) ........................................................................134
Electric HVAC .....................................................................................................................................134
Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing ........................................................................................146
HOT WATER END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) ...............................................................148
Efficient Hot Water Heater ..................................................................................................................148
SPACE HEATING END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK)..........................................................151
Efficient Space Heating Equipment .....................................................................................................151
Envelope ..............................................................................................................................................154
LOW INCOME MULTIFAMILY PROGRAM (REEP) .......................................................................161
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................161
CFL......................................................................................................................................................161
Lighting ...............................................................................................................................................163
CFL Lighting Package Reinstall .........................................................................................................168
CLOTHES WASHING END USE ..................................................................................................................171
Clothes Dryer ......................................................................................................................................171
ENERGY STAR Commercial Clothes Washer .....................................................................................173
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................176
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................176
Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines ................................................................................178
VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................180
Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................180
SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................182
Heating System ....................................................................................................................................182
Thermal Shell Upgrades ......................................................................................................................183
AIR CONDITIONING END USE ...................................................................................................................185
Energy Star Air Conditioner................................................................................................................185
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................187
Water Conservation .............................................................................................................................187
Domestic Hot Water System ................................................................................................................189
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................189
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................192
WATER CONSERVATION END USE............................................................................................................194
Toilet Diverter .....................................................................................................................................194
EFFICIENT PRODUCTS PROGRAM ..................................................................................................196
CLOTHES WASHING END USE ..................................................................................................................196
ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer ..........................................................................................................196
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................199
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................199
ENERGY STAR Freezer ......................................................................................................................201
DISHWASHING END USE ...........................................................................................................................203
Energy Star Dish Washer ....................................................................................................................203
AIR CONDITIONING END USE ...................................................................................................................205
Energy Star Room Air Conditioner .....................................................................................................205
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................208
CFL......................................................................................................................................................208
Torchiere .............................................................................................................................................211
Dedicated CF Table Lamps .................................................................................................................214
Dedicated CF Floor Lamp ..................................................................................................................217
Interior Fluorescent Fixture ................................................................................................................220
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture ...............................................................................................................223
3
CEILING FAN END USE .............................................................................................................................226
Energy Star Ceiling Fans ....................................................................................................................226
LOW INCOME SINGLE-FAMILY PROGRAM ..................................................................................229
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................229
Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................229
Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................231
Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................233
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................235
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................237
HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ......................................................239
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................239
Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................241
Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) .........................................................243
Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ......................................................245
WATERBED END USE ...............................................................................................................................247
Waterbed Insulating Pad .....................................................................................................................247
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................249
CFL......................................................................................................................................................249
Fluorescent Fixture .............................................................................................................................251
Torchiere .............................................................................................................................................253
CFL by Mail ........................................................................................................................................255
VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................258
Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................258
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................260
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................260
RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM ........................................................................262
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................262
Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................262
Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................264
Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................266
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................268
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................270
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................272
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................272
Efficient Refrigerators .........................................................................................................................274
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................276
Interior Surface Fluorescent Fixture ...................................................................................................276
Interior Recessed Fluorescent Fixture ................................................................................................278
Interior Other Fluorescent Fixture ......................................................................................................280
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture ...............................................................................................................282
Exterior HID Fixture ...........................................................................................................................284
Exterior Motion Sensor .......................................................................................................................286
LED Exit Sign ......................................................................................................................................288
Interior CFL Direct Install ..................................................................................................................290
Exterior CFL Direct Install .................................................................................................................292
Generic Linear Fluorescent Tube Fixture ...........................................................................................294
VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................296
Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................296
SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................298
Heating Savings ...................................................................................................................................298
SPACE COOLING END USE ........................................................................................................................300
Central Air Conditioner ......................................................................................................................300
WATER HEATING END USE ......................................................................................................................302
Fossil Fuel Water Heater ....................................................................................................................302
DISHWASHING END USE ...........................................................................................................................304
Energy Star Dishwasher ......................................................................................................................304
RESIDENTIAL EMERGING MARKETS PROGRAM .......................................................................306
4
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................306
Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................306
Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................308
Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................310
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................312
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................314
HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ......................................................316
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................316
Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................318
Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) .........................................................320
Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ......................................................322
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................324
CFL......................................................................................................................................................324
SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................326
Efficient Furnace Fan Motor on an ENERGY STAR Furnace ............................................................326
SPACE COOLING END USE ........................................................................................................................329
ENERGY STAR Central Air Conditioner ............................................................................................329
5
Introduction
This reference manual provides methods, formulas and default assumptions for estimating energy and peak
impacts from measures and projects promoted by Efficiency Vermont’s energy efficiency programs.
The reference manual is organized by program (or program component), end use and measure. Each section
provides mathematical equations for determining savings (algorithms), as well as default assumptions for
all equation parameters that are not based on site-specific information. In addition, any descriptions of
calculation methods or baselines are provided, as appropriate. The parameters for calculating savings are
listed in the same order for each measure. In order to maintain a similar appearance for all of the measure
assumption pages, large tables are located at the end of the measure assumptions under the Reference
Tables category. Algorithms are provided for estimating annual energy and demand impacts. Data
assumptions are based on Vermont data, where available. Where Vermont data was not available, data from
neighboring regions is used, including New York, New Jersey and New England, where available. In some
cases, engineering judgment is used.
Gross-to-Net Savings Calculation
The algorithms shown with each measure calculate gross customer electric savings without counting the
effects of line losses from the generator to the customer, freeridership, spillover, or persistence. The
algorithms also do not distribute the savings among the different costing periods. The formulae for
converting gross customer-level savings to net generation-level savings (counting freeridership, spillover
and persistence) for the different costing periods is as follows:
netkWhi = kWh  (1+LLFi)  (1-FR+SPL)  PF  RPFi
netkWj = kW  (1+LLFj)  (1-FR+SPL)  PF  CFj
Where:
netkWhi = kWh energy savings at generation-level, net of free riders and persistence, and
including spillover, for period i
i
= subscript used to denote variable energy rating periods (Winter Peak, Winter Off-Peak,
Summer Peak, Summer Off-Peak).
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
LLFi
= line loss factor for period i
FR
= freeridership
SPL
= spillover for measure
PF
= persistence factor for measure
RPFi
= rating period factor for period i
netkWj = kW demand savings, net of free riders and persistence, and including spillover, for
season j
j
= subscript used to denote variable seasonal peaks (Summer, Winter and Spring/Fall).
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
LLFj
= line loss factor for seasonal peak j
CFj
= the percent of kW savings that is concurrent with Vermont’s seasonal peak, for season j
All of the parameters except line loss factors (LLF) for the above equations may be found in the specific
section for the measure. The line loss factors do not vary by measure, but by costing period, and are in the
following table:
6
Line Loss Factors
Energy (LLFi)
Winter
Peak
Period
19.88%
Winter Off- Summer
Peak
Peak
Period
Period
14.88%
17.97%
Peak (LLFj)
Summer
Off-Peak
Period
13.51%
Winter
Peak
Summer
Peak
Spring/Fall
Peak
14.2%
13.3%
12.8%
The free ridership and spillover factors are related to but slightly different from the freeridership and
spillover rates used in the gross-to-net equation. Free ridership and spillover factors are defined as follows:
Free ridership factor = 1 – FR
Spillover factor = 1 + SPL
Interactive Effects
The TRM provides specific savings algorithms for many prescriptive measures. When a customer installs a
prescriptive measure, the savings are determined according to these algorithms. In some cases these
algorithms include the effects of interactions with other measures or end uses (e.g., cooling and heating
effects from interior lighting waste heat). For “custom” measures, EVT performs site-specific customized
calculations. In this case, EVT takes into account interactions between measures (e.g., individual savings
from installation of window film and replacement of a chiller are not additive because the first measure
reduces the cooling load met by the second measure). EVT will calculate total savings for the package of
custom measures being installed, considering interactive effects, either as a single package or in rank order
of measures as described below. If a “custom” project includes both prescriptive and custom measures, the
prescriptive measures will be calculated in the normal manner. However, the prescriptive measures will be
assumed to be installed prior to determining the impacts for the custom measures. Custom interior lighting
measures will use the standard prescriptive algorithm to estimating waste heat impacts.
In most cases of multiple custom measures EVT models a single custom package including all measures
the customer will install. This modeling effectively accounts for all interactions between measures, and the
“package” is tracked in FastTrack as a single “measure.” In instances where modeling is not completed on
a package of measures, and where individual measures are separately listed in FastTrack with measurespecific savings EVT will use the following protocol (typically lighting only projects). To determine
custom measure savings EVT will calculate measure impacts in descending order of measure life (i.e.,
starting with the longest lived measure). The procedure is to calculate savings for the longest lived measure
first, then consider that measure’s impact on the next longest lived measure, and so on. This is because a
short-lived measure can reduce savings from a long-lived measure, but only for part of its life. Since
tracking system limitations require that annual measure savings remain constant for all years, this is the
only way to ensure proper lifetime savings and total resource benefits are captured. For example, fixing
compressed air leaks can reduce savings from installing a new compressor. However, leak repair only lasts
1 year. If the leak repair savings were calculated first the calculated lifetime savings and benefits from the
compressor would be unreasonably low because compressor savings would go back up starting in year 2.
Persistence
Persistence factors may be used to reduce lifetime measure savings in recognition that initial engineering
estimates of annual savings may not persist long term. This might be because a measure is removed or
breaks prior to the end of its normal engineering lifetime, because it is not properly maintained over its
lifetime, because it is overridden or goes out of calibration (controls only), or some other reason. Each
measure algorithm contains an entry for persistence factor. The default value if none is indicated is 1.00
(100%). A value lower than 1.00 will result in a downward adjustment of lifetime savings and total
resource benefits. For any measure with a persistence value less than 1.00, the normal measure life
(“Engineering Measure Life”) will be reduced to arrive at an “Adjusted Measure Life” for purposes of
measure screening, savings and TRB claims, and tracking. The “Adjusted Measure Life” used will be equal
7
to the product of the Engineering Measure Life and the persistence factor. Both the Engineering Measure
Life and the Adjusted Measure Life will be shown in each measure algorithm. All data in FastTrack and
CAT indicating “measure life” shall be equal to “Adjusted Measure Life.”
8
Glossary
The following glossary provides definitions for necessary assumptions needed to calculate measure
savings.
Baseline Efficiency (base): The assumed standard efficiency of equipment, absent an Efficiency
Vermont program.
Coincidence Factor (CF): Coincidence factors represent the fraction of connected load expected to be
coincident with a particular system peak period, on a diversified basis. Coincidence factors are provided for
summer, winter and spring/fall peak periods.
Connected Load: The maximum wattage of the equipment, under normal operating conditions.
Freeridership (FR): The fraction of gross program savings that would have occurred despite the
program.
Full Load Hours (FLH): The equivalent hours that equipment would need to operate at its peak
capacity in order to consume its estimated annual kWh consumption (annual kWh/connected kW).
High Efficiency (effic): The efficiency of the energy-saving equipment installed as a result of an
efficiency program.
Lifetimes: The number of years (or hours) that the new high efficiency equipment is expected to
function. These are generally based on engineering lives, but sometimes adjusted based on expectations
about frequency of remodeling or demolition.
Line Loss Factor (LLF): The marginal electricity losses from the generator to the customer –
expressed as a percent of meter-level savings. The Energy Line Loss Factors vary by period. The Peak
Line Loss Factors reflect losses at the time of system peak, and are shown for three seasons of the year.
Line loss factors are the same for all measures. See the Gross-to-Net Calculation section for specific values.
Load Factor (LF): The fraction of full load (wattage) for which the equipment is typically run.
Operating Hours (HOURS): The annual hours that equipment is expected to operate.
Persistence (PF): The fraction of gross measure savings obtained over the measure life.
Rating Period Factor (RPF): Percentages for defined times of the year that describe when energy
savings will be realized for a specific measure.
Spillover (SPL): Savings attributable to the program, but generated by customers not directly
participating in the program. Expressed as a fraction of gross savings. All values can be changed as new
information becomes available.
9
Loadshapes
The following table includes a listing of measure end-uses and associated loadshapes. In some cases, the
loadshapes have been developed through negotiations between Efficiency Vermont and the Vermont
Department of Public Service. In other cases, these loadshapes are based on engineering judgment.
Loadshape Table of Contents
EndUse
Residential
Indoor
Lighting
Residential
Outdoor
Lighting
Residential
Outdoor HID
Residential
Refrigerator
Residential
Space heat
Residential
DHW fuel
switch
Residential
DHW
insulation
Residential
DHW
conserve
Residential
Clothes
Washer
Residential
Ventilation
Residential
A/C
Commercial
Indoor
Lighting
Commercial
Indoor
Lighting
Commercial
Outdoor
Lighting
Commercial
Refrigeration
Commercial
A/C
Commercial
A/C
Commercial
Ventilation
motor
Commercial
#
Winteron kWh
1
28.7%
Winteroff
kWh
7.6%
Summer
-on kWh
Summer
-off kWh
36.0%
27.7%
2
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3%
11.4%
5.5%
11.2%
3
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3%
29.8%
14.5%
29.4%
4
22.5%
10.8%
33.7%
33.0%
62.3%
60.0%
56.8%
5
45.5%
24.3%
16.7%
13.5%
26.9%
0.0%
9.8%
6
31.6%
6.2%
37.1%
25.1%
45.4%
29.0%
44.1%
7
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
8
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
9
34.2%
3.7%
42.0%
20.1%
7.3%
5.4%
6.1%
10
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
11
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
50.0%
0.0%
60.0%
0.0%
12
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
54.6%
56.2%
54.6%
12a
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
67.2%
72.0%
61.8%
13
19.9%
13.2%
30.3%
36.6%
35.0%
15.2%
35.0%
14
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
15
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
40.2%
36.0%
15.3%
15a
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
0.3%
80.0%
40.2%
16
16.9%
7.6%
37.2%
38.3%
36.5%
47.5%
42.0%
17
44.3%
37.8%
6.9%
11.0%
37.2%
0.3%
19.3%
10
Winter
kW
Summer
kW
Fall-Spring
kW
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
Space heat
Industrial
Indoor
Lighting
Industrial
Outdoor
Lighting
Industrial A/C
Industrial A/C
Industrial
Motor
Industrial
Space heat
Industrial
Process
Dairy Farm
Combined
End Uses
Flat (8760
hours)
HVAC Pump
(heating)
HVAC Pump
(cooling)
HVAC Pump
(unknown
use)
Traffic Signal
- Red Balls,
always
changing or
flashing
Traffic Signal
- Red Balls,
changing day,
off night
Traffic Signal
- Green Balls,
always
changing
Traffic Signal
- Green Balls,
changing day,
off night
Traffic Signal
- Red Arrows
Traffic Signal
- Green
Arrows
Traffic Signal
- Flashing
Yellows
Traffic Signal
- “Hand”
Don’t Walk
Signal
Traffic Signal
- “Man” Walk
18
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
92.2%
94.9%
92.2%
19
19.9%
13.3%
30.2%
36.6%
35.0%
15.2%
35.0%
20
20a
21
0.3%
0.3%
29.2%
0.1%
0.1%
4.2%
51.8%
51.8%
58.3%
47.8%
47.8%
8.3%
40.2%
0.3%
65.7%
36.0%
80.0%
90.0%
15.3%
40.2%
65.7%
22
44.3%
37.8%
6.9%
11.0%
37.2%
0.3%
19.3%
23
29.2%
4.2%
58.3%
8.3%
65.7%
90.0%
65.7%
24
30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
23.6%
42.7%
22.3%
37.0%
25
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
26
38.1%
19.0%
20.4%
22.5%
100.0%
0.0%
79.7%
27
0.0%
0.0%
47.6%
52.4%
0.0%
100.0%
39.9%
28
19.0%
9.5%
34.0%
37.5%
50.0%
50.0%
59.8%
29
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
55.0%
55.0%
55.0%
30
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
55.0%
55.0%
55.0%
31
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
42.0%
42.0%
42.0%
32
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
42.0%
42.0%
42.0%
33
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
90.0%
90.0%
90.0%
34
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
10.0%
10.0%
10.0%
35
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
50.0%
50.0%
50.0%
36
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
75.0%
75.0%
75.0%
37
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
21.0%
21.0%
21.0%
11
Signal
Commercial
HP 0-65
kBTUh
Commercial
HP 0-65
kBTUh
Commercial
HP 65-375
kBTUh
Commercial
HP 65-375
kBTUh
Commercial
PTHP
Commercial
PTHP
Commercial
Water-Source
HP
Commercial
Water-Source
HP
Transformer
Vending
Miser
Compressed
Air - 1-shift
(8/5)
Compressed
Air - 2-shift
(16/5)
Compressed
Air - 3-shift
(24/5)
Compressed
Air - 4-shift
(24/7)
Storage ESH
(Statewide)
Controlled
ESH
(Statewide)
Storage ESH
(GMP)
Controlled
ESH (GMP)
Controlled
DHW Fuel
Switch
Controlled
DHW
Insulation
Controlled
DHW
Conservation
VFD Supply
fans <10 HP
VFD Return
38
31.2%
26.6%
20.2%
21.9%
37.5%
33.8%
33.5%
38a
31.2%
26.6%
20.2%
22%
37.5%
74.8%
56.7%
39
29.6%
25.2%
21.9%
23.3%
37.5%
36.3%
34.6%
39a
29.6%
25.2%
21.9%
23.3%
37.5%
80.3%
59.5%
40
29.5%
25.1%
22.0%
23.4%
37.5%
36.3%
34.6%
40a
29.5%
25.1%
22.0%
23.4%
37.5%
80.3%
59.5%
41
23.1%
19.7%
28.5%
28.7%
37.5%
36.3%
34.6%
41a
23.1%
19.7%
28.5%
28.7%
37.5%
80.3%
59.5%
42
43
28.0%
6.6%
5.0%
26.5%
42.0%
9.6%
25.0%
57.3%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
44
33.2%
0.0%
66.8%
0.0%
39.7%
66.7%
39.7%
45
31.1%
2.1%
62.6%
4.2%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
46
22.1%
11.1%
44.5%
22.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
47
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
48
15.9%
65.4%
2.5%
16.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
49
15.9%
65.4%
2.5%
16.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
50
42.9%
38.4%
7.0%
11.7%
4.3%
0.3%
0.2%
51
57.9%
23.4%
9.5%
9.2%
5.2%
0.2%
3.0%
52
31.6%
6.2%
37.1%
25.1%
33.2%
22.9%
30.9%
53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
73.0%
79.0%
70.0%
54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
55
23.5%
6.0%
47.5%
23.0%
100.0%
41.0%
71.0%
56
23.5%
6.0%
47.5%
23.0%
100.0%
66.0%
83.0%
12
fans <10 HP
VFD Exhaust
fans <10 HP
VFD Boiler
feedwater
pumps <10
HP
VFD Chilled
water pumps
<10 HP
Economizer
VFD Milk
Vacuum
Pump
Computer
Office
Commercial
Indoor
Lighting with
cooling bonus
Industrial
Indoor
Lighting with
cooling bonus
Continuous
C&I Indoor
Lighting with
cooling bonus
Refrigeration
Economizer
Strip Curtain
Evaporator
Fan Control
Door Heater
Control
Floating Head
Pressure
Control
57
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
100.0%
37.0%
69.0%
58
44.0%
38.0%
7.0%
11.0%
100.0%
67.0%
83.0%
59
0.2%
0.1%
52.0%
48.0%
0.0%
100.0%
50.0%
60
61
16.9%
25.4%
7.6%
7.6%
37.2%
36.8%
38.3%
30.2%
0.0%
33.3%
0.0%
24.4%
56.3%
49.0%
62
21.2%
11.9%
29.0%
37.9%
25.4%
23.5%
26.3%
63
24.9%
4.8%
43.1%
27.2%
48.0%
72.0%
44.1%
64
24.9%
4.8%
43.1%
27.2%
65.9%
94.9%
65.9%
65
19.7%
9.9%
34.1%
36.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
66
53.0%
28.4%
8.0%
10.6%
100.0%
0.0%
30.0%
67
68
19.7%
26.7%
9.5%
14.0%
35.9%
24.1%
34.9%
35.2%
100.0%
60.6%
100.0%
37.7%
100.0%
49.1%
69
35.7%
17.9%
22.1%
24.3%
100.0%
0.0%
88.9%
70
23.7%
12.0%
29.9%
34.4%
100.0%
0.0%
53.7%
Notes: See Excel spreadsheet <Lighting loadshape with cooling bonus-102103.xls> for derivation of
loadshapes 63, 64, and 65. Heavier weighting is given to the summer periods and less to the other periods
to account for the cooling bonus that is included in the kWh and kW savings.
All loadshape numbers referenced in the measure characterizations correspond to the most recent
generation of the loadshape as detailed in the loadshape table of contents. The coincident peak factors in
the standard load profiles above are based on the listed assumptions for full load hours. To account for the
effect on peak savings from a change in full load hours, use of full load hours different than the standard
will result in an automatic adjustment of the coincident peak factors (% of connected load kW) used in
screening and reported in the database, unless custom coincident peak factors are also entered. The
coincidence factors are multiplied by the ratio of [custom full load hours]/[standard full load hours], with a
maximum value of 100% for each factor. As a result, coincidence factors for particular measures may be
higher or lower than the standard factors listed above even when a standard load profile is used.
13
Commercial Energy Opportunities
Motors End Use
Efficient Motors
Measure Number: I-A-1-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 20
Effective date: 1/1/03
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: none.
Description
Three phase ODP & TEFC motors less than or equal to 200 HP meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency.
The minimum efficiency is that defined by EPACT and the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient
Commercial Construction.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
1.54
Average number of measures per
year
195
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
300.3
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
kWl = HP  0.746  (1/l)  LF
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW
kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW
HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
HP
= horsepower of motor (HP)
0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)
l
= efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline)
LF
= load factor of motor (default = 0.75)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects the minimum efficiency allowed under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992
(EPACT) that went into effect October 1997. While EPACT generally reflects the floor of efficiencies
available, most manufacturers produce models just meeting EPACT, and these are the most commonly
purchased among customers not choosing high efficiency. Refer to the Baseline Motor Efficiencies table.
High Efficiency
The efficiency of each motor installed in the program will be obtained from the application form.
Operating Hours
If available, customer provided annual operating hours from the application form. If annual operating hours
are not available, then refer to the Annual Motor Operating Hours table for HVAC fan or pump motors by
14
building type. For all other motors, use 4500 hours (E Source Technology Atlas Series Volume IV,
Drivepower, p. 32).
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Motor
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Application
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Ventilation
16.9%
7.6%
37.2%
38.3%
Industrial
29.2%
4.2%
58.3%
8.3%
HVAC Pump
38.1% 19.0%
20.4%
22.5%
(heating)
HVAC Pump
0.0%
0.0%
47.6%
52.4%
(cooling)
HVAC Pump
19.0%
9.5%
34.0%
37.4%
(unknown use)
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
36.5%
65.7%
47.5%
90.0%
42.0%
65.7%
100.0%
0.0%
79.7%
0.0%
100.0%
39.9%
50.0%
50.0%
59.8%
Source: Engineering estimates and GMP screening tool load profiles.
Freeridership
10% existing and non-Act 250 new construction
Spillover
30% existing and non-Act 250 new construction
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years for a premium-efficiency motor (Based on BPA measure life study II (Skumatz), which looked at
life of motors in place in commercial buildings). An existing or baseline motor is expected to last for 15
years. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will typically last longer
than a standard-efficiency motor.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
See reference table below for incremental costs.
Incentive Level
See reference table below.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives
for Efficient Motors
Open Drip-Proof (ODP)
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled
(TEFC)
15
Size
HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
Incremental
Cost
$52
$60
$61
$54
$63
$123
$116
$115
$115
$201
$231
$249
$273
$431
$554
$658
$841
$908
$964
Customer
Incentive
$45
$45
$54
$54
$54
$81
$90
$104
$113
$117
$135
$162
$198
$234
$270
$360
$540
$630
$630
Incremental Cost
$52
$60
$61
$54
$63
$123
$116
$115
$115
$201
$231
$249
$273
$431
$554
$658
$841
$908
$964
Customer
Incentive
$50
$50
$60
$60
$60
$90
$100
$115
$125
$130
$150
$180
$220
$260
$300
$400
$600
$700
$700
Sources:
1) MotorUp! Program Evaluation and Market Assessment, Pages 2-8, Prepared for
NEEP Motors Initiative Working Group, Prepared by Xenergy, September 6, 2001
2) 2002 MotorUp! Three-Phase Electric Motor Incentive Application
16
Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base (EPACT)
Size HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
Open Drip Proof (ODP)
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
82.5%
85.5%
77.0%
86.5%
86.5%
84.0%
87.5%
86.5%
85.5%
88.5%
89.5%
85.5%
89.5%
89.5%
86.5%
90.2%
91.0%
88.5%
91.7%
91.7%
89.5%
91.7%
93.0%
90.2%
92.4%
93.0%
91.0%
93.0%
93.6%
91.7%
93.6%
94.1%
91.7%
94.1%
94.1%
92.4%
94.1%
94.5%
93.0%
94.5%
95.0%
93.6%
94.5%
95.0%
93.6%
95.0%
95.4%
93.6%
95.0%
95.4%
94.1%
95.4%
95.8%
94.1%
95.4%
95.8%
95.0%
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
82.5%
85.5%
77.0%
87.5%
86.5%
84.0%
88.5%
86.5%
85.5%
89.5%
89.5%
86.5%
89.5%
89.5%
88.5%
91.0%
91.7%
89.5%
91.0%
91.7%
90.2%
91.7%
92.4%
91.0%
91.7%
93.0%
91.0%
93.0%
93.6%
91.7%
93.0%
93.6%
91.7%
94.1%
94.1%
92.4%
94.1%
94.5%
93.0%
94.5%
95.0%
93.6%
94.5%
95.4%
93.6%
95.0%
95.4%
94.1%
95.0%
95.4%
95.0%
95.8%
95.8%
95.0%
95.8%
96.2%
95.4%
Annual Motor Operating Hours
(HOURS)
Building Type
Office
Retail
Manufacturing
Hospitals
Elem/Sec Schools
Restaurant
Warehouse
Hotels/Motels
Grocery
Health
College/Univ
Miscellaneous
HVAC
Pump
(heating)
2,186
2,000
3,506
2,820
3,602
2,348
3,117
5,775
2,349
4,489
5,716
2,762
HVAC
Pump
(cooling)
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,688
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,688
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
HVAC Pump
(unknown use)
Ventilation
Fan
2,000
2,000
2,462
2,754
2,190
2,000
2,241
4,231
2,080
2,559
3,641
2,000
6,192
3,261
5,573
8,374
3,699
4,155
6,389
3,719
6,389
2,000
3,631
3,720
Source:
Adapted from Southeastern NY audit data, adjusted for climate variations. Motors must operate a
minimum of 2000 hours to qualify.
17
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)
Measure Number: I-A-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/29/00
Effective date: 12/01/01
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
All VFDs are treated as custom measures. Below are two sets of equations. The first are standardized
savings algorithms and assumptions for all VFDs applied to motors of 10 HP or less for the following
HVAC applications: supply fans, return fans, exhaust fans, chilled water pumps, and boiler feedwater
pumps (“Standardized Approach”). The savings for all VFDs applied to motors greater than 10 HP, or for
other applications, will be calculated on a site-specific basis, following the generalized engineering
equation provided below and standard engineering practice (“Customized Approach”). Metered data will
be used when available.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
5.51 Standard approach projects
45 Customized approach
projects
Average number of measures per
year
10 Standard approach projects
20 Customized approach
projects
Gross MWH savings per year
55 Standard approach projects
900 Customized approach
projects
Algorithms
For VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater
pumps.
Energy Savings
kWh = ESVG  HP  CXS
Demand Savings
kW = DSVG  HP  CXS
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings for the measure at either the summer or winter peak
HP
ESVG
DSVG
CXS
(whichever is greater)
= horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer application)
= energy savings factor, see Table below (kWh/HP)
= demand savings factor, see Table below (kW/HP)
= commissioning factor for standard approach applications. CXS = 1.10 when the project
undergoes commissioning services, 1.0 otherwise.
Generalized equation for custom engineering analyses for VFDs applied to motors >10 HP or any VFDs
not applied to HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps.
When available, metered data will be used to calculate savings.
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.746  HP/   [HOURSj  (1- LOADjx)  CXC
1
Based on typical 5 HP motor, average of supply, return and exhaust fan savings.
18
Demand Savings
kWs = 0.746  HP/  (1- PEAKLOADsx)  CXC
Where:
kWh
kWs
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings for the measure at the peak period for season s, were
s is either summer, winter or fall/spring.
= horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer
application)
0.746
= conversion from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)

= existing motor efficiency, use customer specific value if known, otherwise use
default value from reference table below
HOURSj
= number of hours per year the motor operates at a given motor loading j (Hrs.)
LOADj
= percentage motor loading j
X
= exponent applied to calculate percentage savings at given motor loading j. For
fan motors X = 2.5, for pump motors X = 2.2 (Sources: ACEEE, DPS and
SAIC)
PEAKLOADs = percentage motor loading at the peak period for season s, where s is either
summer, winter or fall/spring.
CXC
= commissioning factor for custom approach applications. CXS = 1. 0 when the
project undergoes commissioning services, 0.90 otherwise.
HP
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects no VFD installed. Savings are based on application of VFDs to a range of baseline
conditions including no control, inlet guide vanes, outlet guide vanes, and throttling valves.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD.
Operating Hours
N/A for VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler
feedwater pumps. Site-specific otherwise.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
19
Motor
Application
Supply fans <10
HP
Return fans <10
HP
Exhaust fans <10
HP
Boiler feedwater
pumps <10 HP
Chilled water
pumps <10 HP
All other
applications
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Winter Winter Summer
Summer
Peak Off-Peak Peak
Off-Peak
Peak as % of calculated kW
savings (CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
23.5%
6%
47.5%
23%
100%1
41%
71%
23.5%
6%
47.5%
23%
100%1
66%
83%
22%
11%
32%
35%
100%1
37%
69%
44%
38%
7%
11%
100%
67%
83%
0.3%
0.1%
52%
48%
0.0%
100.0%1
50%
Site specific
Source: RPF based on custom analyses of past EVT projects. CF summer and winter from National Grid
evaluations of VFD installations from 1995 to 1999.
1. Gross kW/hp values in reference table below are coincident values for the winter peak for all applications
except chilled water pumps, which uses a coincident value for the summer peak. Therefore, CFs for these
periods are 100% because coincidence is already taken into account in the values. For other seasons, the
CFs represent the percentage of the gross coincident winter or summer kW/hp. Fall/Spring values are mean
of summer and winter values. Winter chilled water pumps set to 0% based on assumption that most chillers
are not operating in Vermont during the winter period.
Freeridership2
CEO: 5% existing buildings and non-Act 250 new construction; 0% Act 250
CIEM: 10%.
Spillover
N/A
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.3
Lifetimes
15 years for non-process VFDs. 10 years for process. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Incremental costs are variable. Each measure will be treated as a custom measure and screened based on
actual costs.
Incentive Level
Incentive levels are customized for each project, taking into account other measures installed, the measure
and total project payback, level of comprehensiveness, and customer investment criteria. On average
incentives are expected to range from 25% to 50% of installed cost.
2
CEO non-Act 250 freeridership based on standard value for custom measures. Act 250 freeridership is 0% because
Act 250 custom measure baselines are site-specific (e.g., EVT only claims savings when no VFD is planned). CIEM
freeridership based on standard value for custom measures.
3 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the
discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.
20
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
VFD Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG and DSVG)
Application
ESVG (kWh/HP) DSVG (kW/HP)1
Supply Fans
1,001
0.173
Return Fans
1,524
0.263
Exhaust Fans
755
0.12
Chilled Water Pumps
1,746
0.188
Boiler Feedwater Pumps
745
0.098
Source: National Grid 2001 values averaged from previous evaluations of VFD
installations. Values are those used for existing construction, except for chilled
water pumps which is used for new construction. National Grid existing
construction baseline is similar to Vermont baseline for new and existing
applications.
1. The DSVG factors represent coincident savings for the winter peak, except for
the chilled water pumps value which represents coincident savings for the
summer peak.
21
Typical Existing Motor Efficiencies ()
HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
Stock Effic. (1999)
76.3%
77.4%
78.5%
80.6%
83.2%
85.3%
85.5%
85.9%
86.3%
86.5%
86.7%
86.8%
87.0%
87.2%
87.4%
87.6%
87.7%
87.9%
88.1%
88.9%
89.4%
89.7%
89.9%
90.4%
90.9%
90.9%
91.3%
91.7%
92.5%
Source: For motors greater than 40 HP, efficiency one
point less – due to rewind damage – than a standard
motor in 1990 (Table A-1 and Table A-2, pp. 264-265,
Appendix A, Energy Efficient Motor Systems, ACEEE)
22
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental
Remediation Projects
Measure Number: I-A-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motor End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
10/25/01
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: Performance curves for PD Blower and Regenerative Blower.
Description
This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on environmental remediation motors used
for cleaning up petroleum at contaminated sites. Motors are typically required to operate at near full load
during the first half of the project life, but then may be reduced to partial loading as the pollution level is
reduced. Participating VFDs will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment
replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Application Type
Soil Vapor
Extraction/Air Sparge4
Dual Phase5
Average Annual
MWH Savings per
unit
7.34
Average number of
measures per year
32.9
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
5
37
5
164
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = ESVG  HP
Demand Savings
kW = DSVG  HP
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer average kW savings for the measure
HP
= horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer
application)
= energy savings per horsepower from reference table (kWh/HP)
= demand savings per horsepower From reference table. (kW/HP)
ESVG
DSVG
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects no VFD installed.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD.
Operating Hours
The motor operates continuously, but with a VFD is expected on average to operate at 100% loading for the
first 2 years and at 50% loading for the following 2 years, for each remediation project.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
4
5
Savings based on typical 3 HP motor application.
Savings based on typical 15 HP motor application.
23
Motor
Application
Remediation
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
22.0% 11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Load profile for continuous operation.
Freeridership6
2%.
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.7
Lifetimes
12 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but VFDs will likely be
reused for multiple projects. Expected engineering life of 15 years reduced for expected downtime between
projects. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “VFD Average Incremental Costs,” based on data
from National Grid 1999 and 2000 VFD program participants.
Incentive Level
Incentives are shown in reference table “VFD Incentive Levels.”
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG & DSVG)
ESVG
Application Type
(kWh/HP)
Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge8
2,445
Dual Phase9
2,192
DSVG
(kW/HP)
0.28
0.25
Average Incremental Costs
HP
Incremental Cost
2
$ 1,733
6
Freeridership based on standard value for custom motor measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the
discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.
8 Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge projects use regenerative blowers that have the characteristics of fans. Savings
calculated using a 2.5 exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for fan applications. These projects
typically use 2-5 HP motors. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 82.5, reflecting the baseline
value of a 3 HP motor.
9 Dual Phase projects use vacuum pumps that have the characteristics of pumps. Savings calculated using a 2.2
exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for pump applications. These savings have also been confirmed
with metered data and vacuum pump performance curves. These projects typically use 10-30 HP motors, with most 1020 HP. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 87.5, reflecting the baseline value of a 15 HP motor.
7
24
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
30
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
1,733
2,000
4,564
7,227
4,989
7,671
3,600
Incentive Levels
HP
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
30
Incentives
$
600
$
600
$
600
$ 1,000
$ 1,500
$ 1,500
$ 2,000
$ 2,000
25
Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors
Measure Number: I-A-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
10/25/01
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: MotorMaster+ 3.0 software and database
Description
High efficiency explosion proof motors used in the environmental remediation of sites contaminated with
petroleum. Participating motors will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment
replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
1.23210
Average number of measures per
year
10
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
12.3
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
kWl = HP  0.746  (1/l)  LF
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW
kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW
HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year, 8760
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
HP
= horsepower of motor (HP)
0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)
l
= efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline)
LF
= load factor of motor (default = 0.75)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects estimated typical efficiencies of explosion proof motors installed absent the program.
Explosion proof motors are not addressed by federal (EPACT ) or state standards. Baseline efficiencies are
based on a review of available motor models from MotorMaster software, and generally selected to
represent motors about 33 to 50% percentile in terms of the efficiency range. Refer to the Baseline Motor
Efficiencies table.
High Efficiency
The efficiency of each motor installed in the program will be obtained from the customer. Minimum
efficiencies are shown in the Reference Tables section in the table titled Minimum Motor Efficiencies for
Incentives.
10
Assumes average sized motor is 7.5 HP, just meeting the minimum efficiency criteria of 89.5% efficiency.
26
Operating Hours
Continuous operation during years of remediation – 8760 hours per year.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Motor
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Application
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Remediation
22.0% 11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Load profile for continuous operation.
Freeridership
2%11
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but motors will likely be
reused for multiple projects. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will
typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor. Typical high efficiency motor engineering life is 20
years under normal operation. Because of the continuous operation, and the likelihood of downtime
between projects, EVT assumes only 10 years of actual operation.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor,”
based on regression analysis of adjusted manufacturers’ list price data from MotorMaster+. Typical retail
cost assumed to be 65% of manufacturers’ list price, based on findings from 2001 NEEP motor market
assessment study.
Incentive Level
Incentives are shown in reference table “Motor Incentives.”
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
11
Freeridership for custom motor measures agreed to between DPS and EVT.
27
Reference Tables
Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base
Size HP
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
80.0%
82.5%
80.0%
81.5%
82.5%
82.5%
84.0%
85.5%
84.0%
86.5%
86.5%
85.0%
87.5%
87.5%
86.5%
88.5%
87.5%
87.5%
89.5%
89.5%
88.5%
90.2%
91.0%
91.0%
91.0%
91.0%
91.0%
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Minimum Motor Efficiencies for Incentives
Size HP
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
86.5%
85.5%
84.0%
87.5%
87.5%
86.5%
88.5%
88.5%
87.5%
90.2%
89.5%
88.5%
91.0%
91.0%
89.5%
91.7%
92.4%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
91.7%
92.4%
93.6%
92.4%
92.4%
93.6%
93.0%
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor
Size HP
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
325
336
348
359
371
382
393
405
416
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
98
172
245
319
393
466
540
613
687
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
80
147
213
280
346
413
480
546
613
28
Motor Incentives
Size HP
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
160
160
175
175
175
200
200
200
200
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
50
85
120
155
190
225
260
295
330
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
40
70
105
140
175
205
240
270
300
29
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms
Measure Number: I-A-5-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 17
Effective date: Milk transfer VFD already effective and savings unchanged; Milk vacuum VFD 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls
Description
This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on milk transfer and milking parlor pump
motors. Participating VFDs will typically be for retrofit projects, although equipment replacement
situations would be eligible for incentives as well.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Milk Transfer VFD
Milk Vacuum VFD
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
8.0
7.3
Average number of measures per
year
7
22
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
56
160.6
Algorithms
Milk Transfer VFD
Demand Savings
kW = 2.99
Energy Savings
kWh = 8,024
Where:
kW
2.9912
kWh
802413
Milk Vacuum (VFD)
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= kW
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeff
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
Where:
kW
kWbase
kWeff
= gross customer kW savings for the measure
= baseline motor connected load kW calculated as
HP x 0.746 x 1/motor eff. x LF(see note 1 below)
= For tie or stanchion barn milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.60 x kWbase
For parlor milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.45 x kWbase (see note 2)
Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see
referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per
measure.
13 Ibid
12
30
kWh
HOURS
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= duration of milking time exclusive of wash.
Notes:
1) LF (load factor) varies depending on vacuum pump type. Based on metering conducted by
Agricultural Energy Consultants load factor is 0.88 for rotary vane pumps and 0.92 for blower
pumps.
2) Savings multiplier for kWeff calculation is based on post installation metering and observation
conducted by Agricultural Energy Consultants. Note that the savings multipliers reflect typical
kW percentage reductions and may be adjusted on a case-by-case basis.
Baseline Efficiencies – Retrofit or Replacement
The baseline reflects no VFD installed.
A VFD is considered baseline for new construction.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD.
Operating Hours
N/A for milk transfer VFD.
Operating hours are collected on a site-specific basis for the milk vacuum VFD algorithm.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Milk Transfer
Pump (#24)
Milk Vacuum
Pump (#61)
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
23.6%
42.7%
22.3%
37.0%
25.4%
7.6%
36.8%
30.2%
33.3%
24.4%
49.0%
Sources: Milk Transfer Pump load profile is the same as the “Dairy Farm Combined End Uses” from WEC (used in
DPS screening tool, loadshape #24).
Milk Vacuum Pump load profile is an aggregate for 30 VFDs installed during year one of the EVT dairy farm
program. Custom load shapes were developed for each installation based on actual run time.
Freeridership14
0% for retrofit and replacement.
Spillover15
0% retrofit and replacement.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.16
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
Milk transfer pump VFD: $223017
Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $2500
14
Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
Spillover rate from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
16 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the
discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.
17 Occasionally there is a need for additional water storage that may add to the total cost of the milk transfer pump
VFD.
15
31
Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $4943
Incentive Level
Milk transfer pump VFD: $1250
Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $1250
Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $2500
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
32
HVAC End Use
Unitary HVAC
Measure Number: I-B-1-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities, HVAC End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: none
Description
Unitary HVAC equipment meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency. See the Cool Choice Minimum
Efficiencies table in the Reference Tables section.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
3.16
Average number of measures per
year
191
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
603.6
Algorithms
The savings for small air conditioners and heat pumps (<65,000 BTUh),
except PTAC, PTHP and water source heat pumps, should be calculated
using SEER and HSPF efficiencies and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = kBTU/hr  (1/SEERbase - 1/SEERee) FLHs
kWhh = kBTU/hr  (1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee) FLHw
Demand Savings
kWc = kBTU/hr  (1.1/SEERbase - 1.1/SEERee)
kWh = kBTU/hr  (1/ HSPFbase - 1/ HSPFee)
Where:
kWhc
= gross customer annual kWh cooling savings for the measure
kWhh
= gross customer annual kWh heating savings for the measure
kBTU/hr = the nominal rating of the capacity of the A/C or heat pump in kBTU/hr. 1 Ton = 12
kBTU/hr.
SEERbase = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the baseline cooling equipment (BTU/Wh)
SEERee
= cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient cooling equipment
(BTU/Wh)
FLHs
= cooling full load hours per year
HSPFbase = heating seasonal performance factor of the baseline heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh)
HSPFee = heating seasonal performance factor of the energy efficient heat pump equipment
(BTU/Wh)
FLHw
= heat pump heating full load hours per year
kWc
= gross customer connected load kW savings from cooling for the measure
kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings from heating for the measure
33
The savings for larger unitary air conditioners and heat pumps (65,000 BTUh) and all PTAC’s, PTHP’s
and water-source heat pumps should be calculated using cooling EER efficiencies and the following
algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = kBTU/hrcool  (1/EERbase - 1/EERee)  FLHs
kWhh = kBTU/hrheat  (1/EERbase - 1/EERee)  FLHw
Demand Savings
kWc = kBTU/hrcool  (1/EERbase - 1/EERee)
kWh = kBTU/hrheat  (1/EERbase - 1/EERee)
Where:
EERbase = cooling energy efficiency ratio of the baseline equipment (BTUh/W)
EERee = cooling energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient equipment (BTUh/W)
If efficiencies are stated in kW/ton or COP use the following conversions:
EER = 12 / (kW/ton), EER = 3.413  COP
The rating conditions for the baseline and efficient equipment efficiencies must be equivalent.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled Unitary HVAC—Baseline Efficiencies, which provides baseline efficiencies of
unitary air conditioners and heat pumps. These are based on a combination of the draft version of ASHRAE
90.1R standard, for the period until 2001, NYSERDA assumptions if more efficient, and a 1993 New
England baseline study.
High Efficiency
Measure efficiencies should be obtained from customer data from application forms. If the efficiencies are
missing from the application form, but the manufacturer and model # are available, then refer to the ARI
directories. If HSPF is not available, then estimate as 0.65  SEER.
Operating Hours
Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours 18, 1600 heat pump heating full
load hours (electric resistance heating would be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not
be included in the algorithms)
Water Source Heat Pumps: 2088 cooling full load hours, 2248 heat pump heating full load hours
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Cooling
#15a /#20a)
Heating
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
0.3%
80.0%
40.2%
44.3%
37.8%
6.9%
11.0%
37.2%
0.3%
19.3%
Freeridership
Tier 2 – 5% existing and non-Act 250 new construction19
Spillover
Tier 2 – 5% existing and non-Act 250 new construction
18
See work paper files (Bid Data Cooling Load summary.xls) and (Booth HVAC.xls) for documentation of the cooling
load operating hours.
19 See the Cool Choice Minimum Efficiency Table in the reference table section for descriptions of each tier.
34
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Incentives derived several years ago were designed to cover 100% of incremental cost. However,
incentives were not adjusted for inflation. EVT estimates that on average the incentive is 80% of the
current incremental cost. See the table of incremental costs for high-efficiency unitary HVAC in the
reference tables section.
Incentive Level
See the table of incentives for high-efficiency unitary HVAC in the reference tables section.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Unitary HVAC –Baseline Efficiencies
Equipment Type
Size Category
Air Cooled
<65,000 Btu/h
Sub-Category or
Rating Condition
Split System
Single Package
>=65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h
>=135,000 Btu/h and
<240,000 Btu/h
>=240,000 Btu/h
Water-Source
<65,000 Btu/h and
<=375,000 Btu/h
Note: PTHP and PTAC are to be handled on a custom basis
35
Split System and Single
Package
Split System and Single
Package
Split System and Single
Package
85F Entering water
Baseline
Efficiency
10.5 SEER
7.1 HSPF
10.0 SEER
6.8 HSPF
8.9 EER
8.6 EER
8.6 EER
11.5 EER
Cool Choice Minimum Efficiencies
Sub-Category or
Rating Condition
Tier 2
Minimum
Efficiency
13.0 SEER
11.0 EER
7.8 HSPF
11.0 EER
Equipment Type
Size Category
Air Cooled
<65,000 Btu/h
Split System or
Single Package
>=65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h
>=135,000 Btu/h to
<240,000 Btu/h
Split System and
Single Package
Split System and
Single Package
>=240,000 Btu/h to
<=375,000 Btu/h
Split System and
Single Package
10.0 EER
<=375,000 Btu/h
85F Entering water
14.0 EER
Water-Source
10.8 EER
Incremental Cost for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC
BTUh
Unitary AC and Split System
Air to Air Heat Pump System
Water Source Heat Pumps
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<=375,000
Tier 2
$/ton
$115
$91
$99
$115
$91
$99
$101
Incentives for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC
BTUh
Unitary AC and Split System
Air to Air Heat Pump System
Water Source Heat Pumps
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<=375,000
36
Tier 2
$/ton
$92
$73
$79
$92
$73
$79
$81
HVAC End Use
Dual Enthalpy Economizer
Measure Number: I-B-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, HVAC End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/31/02
Effective date: 6/15/02
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Economizer_013002.xls
Description
Dual enthalpy economizers regulate the amount of outside air introduced into the ventilation system based
on the relative temperature and humidity of the outside and return air. If the enthalpy (latent and sensible
heat) of the outside air is less than that of the return air when space cooling is required, then outside air is
allowed in to reduce or eliminate the cooling requirement of the air conditioning equipment.
This is a prescriptive measure included on the regional Cool Choice application form. Customers are
eligible for a Cool Choice incentive only with the purchase of an efficient HVAC unit that also qualifies for
an incentive. Custom incentives are available for other cost-effective dual enthalpy economizers for both
retrofit and replacement/new construction units under CIEM and CEO, respectively.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
3.4 fixed damper baseline
2.5 dry bulb baseline
Average number of measures per
year
8
3
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
27.3
7.4
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = SF  Tons / EER
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 4,438
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
SF
= Savings Factor: annual kWh savings per ton of cooling equipment at an EER of 1.0.
Based on simulation modeling for Burlington, VT. For Act 250 Minor projects and all
Non-Act 250: SF = 4,576 (assumes fixed damper baseline). For Act 250 Major projects:
SF = 3,318 (assumes dry bulb economizer baseline).
= tonnage of cooling equipment from application form or customer information.
= cooling energy efficiency ratio of the equipment (BTUh/W), from application form or
customer information. (EER may be estimated as SEER/1.1).
= gross customer diversified connected load kW savings for the measure
= typical annual hours of economizer operation (Based on appropriate temperature range
bin hours at Burlington, VT)
Tons
EER
kW
4,438
37
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
For Act 250 Minor projects and all Non-Act 250: fixed damper (no economizer).20
For Act 250 Major projects: dry bulb economizer.
High Efficiency
Dual enthalpy economizer.
Operating Hours
4,438 typical annual hours of savings from dual enthalpy economizer (Based on appropriate temperature
range bin hours at Burlington, VT)
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Economizer
#60
16.9%
7.6%
37.2%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
0%
0%
56.3%
38.3%
Source: Calculated from bin hours at appropriate temperature range for each period.
Freeridership
Act 250 – 17%21
Non-Act 250 new construction and replacement HVAC – 5%22
Non-Act 250 retrofit – 10%23
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
14 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is:
$400 from dry bulb economizer baseline (Act 250 Major projects),
$1,300 from fixed damper baseline (Act 250 Minor projects and all Non-Act 250)
Incentive Level
$250 per dual enthalpy control prescriptive Cool Choice incentive.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
20
Act 250 baselines are those agreed upon between DPS and EVT in 2000.
Weighted freeridership of savings from baseline to dual enthalpy economizer. See spreadsheet
Economizer_013002.xls for calculation.
22 Custom measure CEO freeridership agreed to between DPS and EVT.
23 CIEM measure freeridership agreed to between DPS and EVT.
21
38
None
39
Lighting End Use
T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast
Measure Number: I-C-1-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
“Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
Description
T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts. Includes standard T8 fixtures, high-efficiency fixtures and open nonrecessed fixtures with specular reflectors.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load
from the more efficient lighting)
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont24and 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
24
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
40
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 25
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for lighting baseline wattage and
savings. Baseline usage for high-efficiency fixtures based on system efficiency comparisons conducted by
National Grid. Some baseline fixtures require more lamps and/or fixtures compared to high-efficiency
fixtures.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and
savings.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then
assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type.
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
30% existing, 50% non-Act 250 new construction.
26
Spillover
0%
Incremental Cost
Fixture
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- 4' to 8'
3 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
4 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired)
3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture w/ low-power ballast
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture (tandem wired)
3 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture w/ low-power ballast
Open, non-recessed fixture, 4' long w/ specular reflector
Open, non-recessed fixture, 8' long w/ specular reflector
INCREMENTAL
COST ($)
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
25
30
Lifetimes
T8 fixtures – 20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
these were the freerider rates used in the year 2000 and based on the old prescriptive application form,
freeridership for measures installed using the new application is estimated to be much lower due to more limited
eligibility for standard T8 fixtures and the addition of high-efficiency luminaires.
25
26Though
41
Reference Tables
T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Fixture Technology
Prescriptive Fixtures
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- 4' to 8'
3 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
4 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired)
3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture w/ low-power ballast
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture (tandem wired)
3 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture w/ low-power
ballast
Open, non-recessed fixture, 4' long w/ specular reflector
Open, non-recessed fixture, 8' long w/ specular reflector
42
Efficient
Wattage
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
59
110
86
106
59
53
76
59
53
68
132
110
139
71
71
87
75
75
9
22
24
33
12
18
11
16
22
76
59
59
103
88
109
27
29
50
Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
2,235
2,278
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting
measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.
43
CFL Fixture
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: I-C-2-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Lighting End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 23
1/1/04
TBD
Description
Compact fluorescent (CFL) hardwired fixture.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load
from the more efficient lighting)
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont27and 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 28
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
27
28
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
44
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then
assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type.
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
Freeridership
10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction.
Spillover
5%.
Incremental Cost
1-lamp CFL fixture -- $35
2-lamp CFL fixture -- $40
Dimming CFL fixture -- $55
Operation and Maintenance Savings
Because compact fluorescent lamps last much longer than incandescent bulbs, CLFs offer significant
operation and maintenance (O&M) savings over the life of the fixture for avoided incandescent lamps and
the labor to install them. The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings:
Incandescent bulb cost: $0.75 per bulb
Life of incandescent bulb: 1000 hours
Labor cost to replace any kind of lamp: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hour)
CFL lamp cost: $3 per lamp
Life of CFL lamp: 12,000 hours with greater than 38 hrs per week usage; 9,000 hours with up to 38 hrs per
week usage.
CFL ballast replacement cost: $19 ($14 ballast, $5 labor)
Life of CFL ballast: 40,000 hours
Lifetime
CFL fixture – 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
CFL Fixture Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Efficient
Lighting
Technology
Interior
Lighting
Operating Hours by Building Wattage
Type
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
Building Type
Annual Hours (1)
Office Fluorescent Fixtures
3,435
Compact
Restaurant
CFL
fixture -- 1 lamp < 20 W total
15 4,156 60
45
Retail
CFL
fixture -- 1 lamp >= 20 W total
29 3,068 100
71
Grocery/Supermarket
CFL
fixture -- 2 lamp >= 20 W total
34 4,612 120
86
Warehouse
Dimming
CFL fixture < 20 W lamp
20 2,388 75
55
Elemen./Second.
School
Dimming
CFL fixture
>= 20 W lamp(2)
25 2,080 100
75
College
5,010
Typical wattages for each category based on review of most common wattage fixtures rebated in Efficiency
Health programs to date and assumptions used by NGrid for dimming CFL fixtures.
3,392
Vermont
Hospital
4,532
Hotel/Motel
2,697
Manufacturing
2,235
Other/Misc.
2,278
(3) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small
45 Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(4) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting
measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.
46
Exterior HID
Measure Number: I-C-3-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Exterior metal halide (MH) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) high intensity discharge (HID) fixtures less
than or equal to 100 watts.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHF
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual exterior lighting hours of use per year
WHF
= Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the
value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If the hours are not
available from the form then use default 3,338 hours of use 29.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Outdoor #13
29
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
19.9% 13.3%
30.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
36.6%
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
15.2%
35.0%
Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey.
47
Freeridership
Exterior HID – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction
Spillover
Exterior HID – 0%.
Incremental Cost
Metal Halide or High Pressure Sodium -- $30
Lifetimes
Exterior HID – 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Exterior HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Lighting Technology
Exterior HID Fixtures (Assumes quartz halogen baseline)
Typical metal halide or high-pressure sodium <=100W
Reference Tables
48
Efficient
Wattage
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
90
200
110
LED Exit Sign
Measure Number: I-C-4-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
Exit sign illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load
from the more efficient lighting)
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual exit sign hours of use per year, 8760 hours
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont30and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1+ 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #65 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 31
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
30
31
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
49
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
Exit Signs – 8760 hours per year.
Loadshape
Loadshape #65, Continuous C&I Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and
cooling loadshape.
Freeridership
LED exit sign – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction
Spillover
LED exit sign – 0%.
Incremental Cost
$25
Lifetimes
LED exit sign – 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Lighting Technology
LED Exit Signs
New Exit Sign
50
Efficient
Wattage
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
2
11
9
Lighting Controls
Measure Number: I-C-5-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
Controls for lighting, including occupancy sensors and daylight dimming.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWconnected  HOURS  SVG  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWconnected  SVG  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load
from the more efficient lighting)
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont32and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
SVG
= % of annual lighting energy saved by lighting control; refer to table by control type
kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshapes #63 and
#64 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the
cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 33
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
32
33
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
51
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
For lighting controls the baseline is a manual switch. Default assumptions – for when specific information
about the application is not known – are based on engineering judgement about the typical frequency of
different applications. While savings will generally be based on site-specific calculations, the table provides
default values based on average estimated efficiency gains for instances where site-specific calculations are
not available.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled Percent Savings for Lighting Controls for savings with a control compared to
baseline wattage without a control.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then
assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type.
Loadshape
Fluorescent Controls: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a
combined lighting and cooling loadshape.
HID Controls: Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting
and cooling loadshape.
Freeridership
Controls – 2% existing and non-Act 250 new construction
Spillover
Controls – 0%.
Incremental Cost
Wall Occupancy Sensor -- $55 per control
Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor -- $125 per control
Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast -- $65 per ballast controlled
Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID -- $200 per fixture (including some portion of the
control cost)
Lifetimes
Controls – 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
Percent Savings by Lighting Controls (SVG)
% Savings (SVG)
30%
30%
50%
30%
Lighting Control Type
Wall Occupancy Sensor
Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor
Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast
Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID
Default Controlled Wattage for Lighting Controls
Default Controlled
Wattage
350 watts per control
587 watts per control
83 watts per ballast
455 watts per fixture
Lighting Control Type
Wall Occupancy Sensor
Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor
Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast
Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID
Controlled wattage for wall and remote-mounted occupancy sensors based on NGrid experience. Hi-Low
controlled wattage 400 watt metal halide lamp based on NGrid typical experience. Daylight dimming watts per
ballast based on average of 2-lamp & 4-lamp T8 fixtures.
52
Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
2,235
2,278
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting
measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.
53
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals
Measure Number: I-C-6-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 9/15/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Traffic/Pedestrian Signal illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED) offered prescriptively. New
equipment or retrofit applications are eligible. Eligible lamps must meet the Energy Star Traffic Signal
Specification and the Institute for Transportation Engineers specification for traffic signals. State-owned
signals are not eligible.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHF
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual traffic signal hours of use per year, see Operating Hours
WHF
= Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the
value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
Red Balls, always changing or flashing – 55% of time, or 4818 hours 34
Red Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 3011 hours
Green Balls, always changing – 42% of time, or 3679 hours1
Green Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 2300 hours
Red Arrows – 90% of time, or 7884 hours1
Flashing Yellows – 50% of time, or 4380 hours
“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal – 75% of time, or 6570 hours1
“Man” Walk Signal – 21% of time, or 1840 hours1
34
From A Market Transformation Opportunity Assessment for LED Traffic Signals, 1998, by American Council for an
Energy-Efficient Economy.
54
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Red Balls, always
changing or flashing
Red Balls, changing day,
off night
Green Balls, always
changing
Green Balls, changing
day, off night
Red Arrows
Flashing Yellows
“Hand” Don’t Walk
Signal
“Man” Walk Signal
Winter Winter Summer
Load
Peak
Profile # Peak Off-Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter Summer
Fall/Spring
29
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
55%
55%
55%
30
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
55%
55%
55%
31
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
42%
42%
42%
32
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
42%
42%
42%
33
35
22.1%
22.1%
11.1%
11.1%
31.8%
31.8%
35.0%
35.0%
90%
50%
90%
50%
90%
50%
36
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
75%
75%
75%
37
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
21%
21%
21%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
12” Red Ball - $140
12” Green Ball - $300
12” Yellow Ball - $180
8” Red Ball - $135
8” Green Ball - $240
12” Red Arrow - $110
“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal - $165
“Man” Walk Signal - $235
Source: Highway Tech (Primary Vermont distributor of traffic signals)
Operation and Maintenance Savings
Because LEDs last much longer than incandescent bulbs, LEDs offer operation and maintenance (O&M)
savings over the life of the lamps for avoided replacement lamps and the labor to install them. The
following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings:
Incandescent bulb cost: $3 per bulb
Labor cost to replace incandescent lamp: $60 per signal (state contractor)
Life of incandescent bulb: 8000 hours (manufacturers’ data)
Lifetimes
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signal – 100,000 hours (manufacturer’s estimate), capped at 10 years 35. The life
in years is calculated by dividing 100,000 hrs by the annual operating hours for the particular signal type.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
35
It is expected that LED traffic signals will be common practice in 10 years.
55
LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Lighting Technology
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals
12” Red Ball Signal
12” Green Ball Signal
12” Yellow Ball Signal
8” Red Ball Signal
8” Green Ball Signal
12” Red Arrow
“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal
“Man” Walk Signal
Source: Gelcore – primary manufacturer of traffic signals.
56
Efficient
Wattage
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
Wsave
14
19
20
7
10
10
9
7
116
116
116
90
90
116
116
116
102
97
96
83
80
106
107
109
HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide
Measure Number: I-C-7-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal
November 1993.
Description
Pulse-start metal halide (MH) high intensity discharge (HID).
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.32
Average number of measures per
year
171
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
54.7
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure(includes the reduced cooling load
from the more efficient lighting)
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual exterior lighting hours of use per year
WHFe
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat
cooling factor for Vermont36and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the
value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #64 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
36
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
57
0.39
0.75
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 37
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline
efficiencies and savings.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage
and savings.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form.
Loadshape
Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
Freeridership
10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $35-$40
Incentive Level
Incentive of $25 is offered per fixture.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
37
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
58
Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Efficient
Wattage
Lighting Technology
Pulse start metal halide -- 100-300 W
Pulse start metal halide > 300 W
288
365
Baseline is standard metal halide.
59
Baseline
Wattage
316
455
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
28
90
CFL Screw-in
Measure Number: I-C-8-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent light bulb is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent lamp. This is a
retrofit measure.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.0548  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0548  WHFd
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
0.0548 = average kilowattage reduction38
HOURS = average hours of use per year (see table below)
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ (0.29 / 2.5)). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont39and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont40
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Operating Hours
3500 hours typical41
38
kW reduction used for commercial CFL in the Efficient Products Program.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
40 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
41 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
39
60
Annual Operations and Maintenance Savings
Annual O&M Savings42
Commercial
$10.23
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a compact fluorescent lamp.
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
Freeridership
10%.43
Spillover
5%44
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Cost
$13
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. Thus, CFLs rebated through this program are assumed to have
a life of 12,000 hours for commercial applications (assumed daily usage of 9.6 hours). That translates to
3.4 years for commercial applications.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
42
From VT State screening tool
Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
44 Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
43
61
Reference Tables
Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Exterior Lighting
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
2,278
3,338
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) Manufacturing hours from DPS screening tool for industrial indoor lighting.
62
Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with
Electronic Ballast
Measure Number: I-C-9-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls
Description
Hard wired vapor-proof CFL fixtures with electronic ballasts. These are intended for existing construction
only. However, it is recognized that some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without
EVT's knowledge.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH
Savings per fixture
0.085
Average number of
measures per year
469
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
39.9
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 84.7
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0316
Where:
kWh
169.445
kW
0.063246
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= kW
Waste Heat Adjustment
Assumed to be 0% as most dairy farm lighting applications are in unconditioned space.
Baseline Efficiencies
Incandescent fixtures of various wattages.
Operating Hours
267947 hours / year
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see
referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per
measure.
46 kW determined by kWh / Operating Hours
47 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool
(Loadshape #24).
45
63
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh (RPF)
Application
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
Dairy Farm
Combined #24 30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
23.6%
42.7%
22.3%
37.0%
Source: Load profile for dairy farm operation from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape
#24).
Freeridership48
0% for retrofit
Spillover49
0% for retrofit
Persistence
Persistence is assumed to be 67% based on agreement between DPS and EVT..
Lifetimes
Engineering measure life: Hard wired CFL Fixtures – 15 years.
Measure life, adjusted for persistence: 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the adjusted lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $70.
Incentive Level
$35
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M savings is $8.79
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
Efficient Measures
Cost
Life
$5.67
4.47 years
N/A
17.9 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$3.67
N/A
Life
0.37 years
N/A
Note: Lamp and ballast costs include labor fees. Labor rate for lamp is $2.67 per lamp. Labor rate for
ballast is $5.00 per ballast.
48
49
Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
Spillover rate from TRM for CFL measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
64
Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast
Measure Number: I-C-10-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls
Description
Vapor-proof T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts meeting National Electric Code Article 547-6 rating for
agricultural buildings. These are intended for existing construction only. However, it is recognized that
some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without EVT's knowledge.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual
MWH Savings per
fixture
0.196
Average number of
measures per year
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
415
8.1
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 196
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0732
Where:
kWh
19650
kW
0.073251
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= kW
Waste Heat Adjustment
Assumed to be 0% as most lighting applications are in unconditioned space
Baseline Efficiencies
Baseline represents a mix of T-12 and incandescent fixtures
Operating Hours
267952 hours / year
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see
referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per
measure.
51 kW determined by kWh / Operating Hours
52 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool
(Loadshape #24).
50
65
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh (RPF)
Application
Dairy Farm
Combined #24
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
23.6%
Summer
42.7%
Fall/Spring
22.3%
37.0%
Source: Load profile for dairy farm operation from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape #24).
Freeridership53
0% for retrofit
Spillover
0% for retrofit
Persistence
Persistence is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
T8 fixtures – 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure varies based on lamp size.
4’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts: $70
8’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts: $140
Incentive Level
$35 for 4’ fixtures
$70 for 8’ fixtures
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no O&M Cost Adjustments for this measure..
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
53
Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm retrofit measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
66
Transformer End Use
Energy Star Transformers
Measure Number: I-D-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Transformer End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 20
Effective date: 10/1/03
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Code: ZZZTRANS
Description
Low-voltage, 3-phase, dry-type transformers where the primary voltage is 480/277 Volt, and the secondary
voltage is 208/120V. Utility-owned transformers are not eligible. All transformers must include an
ENERGY STAR® label (TP-1).
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW = kWcore losses + kWwinding losses
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWcore losses + kWwinding losses)  8760
Where:
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
kWcore losses
= Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations
kWwinding losses = Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
8760
= hours per year
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline transformers are 150 degree C rise units. Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings
Calculations for baseline transformer wattage.
High Efficiency
EPA EnergyStar® labeled transformers (TP-1). Refer to the table titled ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum
Transformer Efficiencies.
Operating Hours
8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Load Profile Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Number
Transformer
28.0%
5.0%
42.0%
No. 42
Freeridership
1% existing, 2% new construction
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
25.0%
100%
100%
100%
Spillover
0%
67
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings Calculations for efficient transformer incremental costs.
Incentive Level
See Transformer Savings Calculations table below.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetimes
Lifetime = 40 years
Reference Tables
Transformer Savings Calculations
Transformer
Size (KVA)
15.0
30.0
45.0
75.0
112.5
150.0
225.0
300.0
Baseline
Core
Loss
(Watts)
236
292
359
548
832
925
1321
1398
Baseline
Winding
Loss (Watts)
12
26
35
52
57
84
104
133
Energy Star
Core Loss
(Watts)
90
141
180
288
377
435
662
850
Energy Star
Winding
Loss (Watts)
13
23
36
46
61
81
98
99
Demand
Savings
(Watts)
145
154
181
266
451
493
665
583
Incremental
Cost
$495
$548
$756
$856
$960
$1,313
$2,377
$3,000
500.0
2000
157
1055
159
942
$4,250
Notes:
1. Tabulated Values for 15 to 225 KVA sizes developed for the NYSERDA Transformer Comparison Calculator
(CD Version) by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of Waltham, MA. Prepared for the New York State Energy Research
and Development Authority, May 2001.
2. Tabulated Values for 300 to 500 KVA sizes taken from a study developed by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of
Waltham, MA. Prepared for the Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships, Inc. December 17, 1999.
3. Baseline values refer to 150 degree C rise units.
4.
5.
6.
In the 1999 NEEP study, Cadmus metered 89 dry type transformers at 43 facilities and measured an
average load on the transformers of 15.9% of the nameplate capacity, with 95% confidence that the
transformers will be between 13 and 18% loaded. Winding losses are evaluated at a transformer load
of 16%.
For 15 to 225 KVA, only dry type transformers that meet NEMA TP 1-1996 are eligible for an
incentive (equivalent to the EPA EnergyStar® Guidelines).
Prescriptive incentives are not offered for transformers over 300 KVA. Custom incentives may be
available.
68
Incentive
Level
$250
$275
$400
$450
$500
$700
$1,200
See note 6
See note
6
ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum Transformer Efficiencies
Transformer Size
(KVA)
15.0
30.0
45.0
75.0
112.5
150.0
>=225.0
Notes:
1.
2.
ENERGY STAR®/TP-1
Minimum Efficiency
97.0%
97.5%
97.7%
98.0%
98.2%
98.3%
98.5%
Efficiencies are measured at 75 degree C and at 35% of nameplate load.
Efficiencies must be reported using linear loads.
69
Refrigeration End Use
Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines
Measure Number: I-E-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
The VendingMiser is an energy control device for refrigerated vending machines. Using an occupancy
sensor, during times of inactivity the VendingMiser turns off the machine’s lights and duty cycles the
compressor based on the ambient air temperature. The VendingMiser is applicable for conditioned indoor
installations.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 1,635
Where:
kWh
1,635
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= 120 Volts x 3.56 Amps x 0.95 Power factor x 8760 hours x 46% savings / 1000
3.56 Amps = Average Ampere loading of 44 sampled indoor vending machines, by Bayview Tech.
46%
= Savings based on average of 6 different independent lab tests of VendingMiser.
Demand Savings
N/A
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Baseline Efficiencies
The Baseline is a soft-drink vending machine without a VendingMiser device (typical usage of 3555 kWh).
Operating Hours
8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Vending Miser
#43
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
6.6%
26.5%
9.6%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
57.3%
0%
0%
0%
Source: Loadshape for savings occurring from 8 PM to 6 AM, seven days a week, 12 months per year (percentages
calculated in spreadsheet file named <Vending_miser_loadshape_calc.xls>).
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
70
Persistence
The persistence factor is 66.6%.
Installed Cost
$16054
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Engineering measure life is 15 years.
Adjusted measure lifetime with persistence is 10 years.
54
Price quoted from manufacturer.
71
Refrigerated Case Covers
Measure Number: I-E-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
By covering refrigerated cases the heat gain due to the spilling of refrigerated air and convective mixing
with room air is reduced at the case opening. Strip curtains can be deployed continuously and allow the
customer to reach through the curtain to select the product. Strip curtains are not used for low temperature,
multi-deck applications. Glass door retrofits are a better choice for these applications. Strip curtains are
also not used for coffin-type applications.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Strip Curtains
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
2.9
Average number of
measures per year
5
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
14.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ( HG  EF  CL) / (EER  1000)
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  Usage  365
Where:
kW
HG
EF
CL
EER
1000
kWh
Usage
365
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Loss of cold air or heat gain for refrigerated cases with no cover (Btu/hr-ft
opening).. The heat gain for multi-deck applications is 760 for medium
temperature applications (case temperature 10°F to 40°F) and 610 for high
temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to 65°F). 55
= Efficiency Factor: Fraction of heat gain prevented by case cover. The
Efficiency Factor for strip curtains is 0.65. 56
= Refrigerated case length in feet (ft). Case length is the open length of the
refrigerated box. If the unit is two sided use the open length of both sides.
Collected from prescriptive form.
= Compressor efficiency (Btu/hr-watt). The average compressor efficiency
(EER) is 11.95 for medium temperature applications (case temperature 10°F
to 40°F) and 18.5 for high temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to
65°F). 57
= Conversion from watts to kW (W/kW).
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Average hours per day that case cover is in place (hrs/day). Assume 24
hrs/day for strip curtains.
= (days/yr)
55
Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92.
Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92.
57 Average EER values were calculated as the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies,
using a typical condensing temperature of 90°F and saturated suction temperatures (SST) of 20°F for medium
temperature applications and 45°F for high temperature applications.
56
72
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a refrigerated case without a cover.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigerated case with a strip curtain.
Operating Hours
Assume that case covers are in place 24 hrs/day for strip.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Strip Curtain
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
(#67)
Source: Strip curtain uses the same energy distribution as the previously-developed commercial
refrigeration loadshape in Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Coincident factors for strip
curtains are set at 100% since the calculated kW savings is an average for every hour.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Strip curtains: 4 years
Measure Cost
Typically installation costs are approximately $15/ft of case.
Incentive Level
40% of installation costs or $6/ft of case.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Strip curtains require regular cleaning -- $8.60/yr/ft (1 minute/foot every two weeks at $20/hr).
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
73
Refrigeration Economizer
Measure Number: I-E-6-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Economizer Calc.xls>,
Description
Economizers save energy in walk-in coolers by bringing in outside air when it is sufficiently cool, rather
than operating the compressor.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Economizers
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
6
Average number of
measures per year
10
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
60
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / Hours
= [HP  kWhCond] + [((kWEvap  nFans) – kWCirc)  Hours  FC  DCComp  BF] –
[kWEcon  DCEcon  Hours]
Where:
kW
kWh
HP
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Horsepower of Compressor
kWhCond
= Condensing unit savings, per hp. (value from savings table in Reference
Tables section of this measure write-up)
= Number of annual hours that economizer operates. 2,996 hrs based on 38° F
cooler setpoint, Burlington VT weather data, and 5 degree economizer
deadband.
= Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)58
= Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW) 59
= Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)60.
= Number of evaporator fans
= Fan control factor (FC = 1 with fan controls, and FC = 0 without fan controls).
= Duty cycle of the economizer fan on days that are cool enough for the
economizer to be working (Assume 63%)61.
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from running the evaporator fan less or
(1.3)62.
= Connected load kW of the economizer fan (Average 0.227 kW) 63.
Hours
DCComp
kWEvap
kWCirc
nFans
FC
DCEcon
BF
kWEcon
58
A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Travers (35%-65%),
Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment
with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall
duty factor.
59 Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts.
60 Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol.
61 Average of two manufacturer estimates of 50% and 75%.
62 Bonus factor (1+ 1/3.5) assumes COP of 3.5, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor
efficiencies with a Saturated Suction Temperature of 20°F and a condensing temperature of 90°F.
74
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a walk-in refrigeration system without an economizer.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a walk-in refrigeration system with an outside air economizer.
Operating Hours
The economizer is expected to operate for 2,996 hours per year, based on 38° F Cooler Setpoint, Burlington
VT weather data, and a 5 degree economizer deadband. This will replace 1,498 hours of compressor run
time and, if fan controls are present, 1,498 hours of evaporator fan run time.
Loadshape
Refrigeration Economizer #66.
Source: The energy distribution and Fall/Spring coincident factor is derived from Burlington, Vermont
temperature bin data. See file <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Assume summer coincidence is 0%, since the
summer peak occurs during the hottest time of the year. Assume winter coincidence is 100%, because the
winter peak is driven by the coldest weather.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years
Measure Cost
The installation cost for an economizer is $2,558.64
Incentive Level
50% of installation costs or $1,250 per economizer.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
63
The 227 watts for an economizer is calculated from the average of three manufacturers: Freeaire (186 Watts),
Cooltrol (285 Watts), and Natural Cool (218 Watts).
64 Based on average of costs from Freeaire, Natural Cool, and Cooltrol economizer systems.
75
Condensing Unit kWh Savings, per HP, from Economizer
Calculated Using 'Economizer Calc.xls'
kWh / HP
Hermetic/
SemiHermetic
Scroll
Discus
1,256
1,108
1,051
Assumptions:
1. 5 HP Compressor data used, based on average compressor size.
2. No floating head pressure controls installed.
3. Outdoor Compressor Installation
76
Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators
Measure Number: I-E-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program
Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
Description
The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in refrigerator with solid
doors, typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in,
roll-in/through and pass-through commercial refrigerators. Beverage merchandisers – a special type of
reach-in refrigerator with glass doors – are not included in this characterization.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Reach-in
Refrigerator
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.8
Average number of
measures per year
15
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
12.0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / FLH
= value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up
(varies by size and efficiency tier)
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a reach-in refrigerator less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy
use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency reach-in refrigerator can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY
STAR specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the
specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification.
Operating Hours
The refrigerator is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load
hours are 5858 hours.65
65
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
77
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years66
Measure Cost
Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the
incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial refrigerators is relatively small 67. For analysis purposes,
the incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a
two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of
incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the
incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door
Incentive Level
Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of
the total equipment cost).68 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door
(33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or
$150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door.
O&M Cost Adjustments
No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient refrigerators.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
66
The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in refrigerator at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
67 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A
Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002
68 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers,
Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22.
78
Savings for Reach-In Refrigerators meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications
Internal Volume
(cubic feet)
Annual Energy
Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base
Use of Average
Case
Base Case Model
ENERGY STAR
Tier 2
(kWh/year)
(Tier 1)
20 to 32 cf (one door)
2,102
563
1,179
33 to 60 cf (two door)
3,197
826
1,774
61 to 80 cf (three door)
4,292
1,088
2,370
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best
fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5%
below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold.
CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators
Tier
Description of Specification
Maximum Energy Use
(kWh/day)
0.10 V + 2.04
0.06 V + 1.22
1
ENERGY STAR
2
ENERGY STAR + 40%
Note: V= internal volume
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.10, Table 7.
79
Commercial Reach-In Freezer
Measure Number: I-E-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program
Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
Description
The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in freezer with solid doors,
typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in, rollin/through and pass-through commercial freezers.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Reach-in Freezer
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.7
Average number of
measures per year
15
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
10.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / FLH
= value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up
(varies by number of doors and efficiency tier)
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a reach-in freezer less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy use
in the savings table in the Reference Tables section.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency reach-in freezer can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY STAR
specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the
specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification.
Operating Hours
The freezer is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load
hours are 5858 hours.69
69
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
80
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years70
Measure Cost
Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the
incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial freezers is relatively small 71. For analysis purposes, the
incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a twodoor (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of
incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the
incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door.
Incentive Level
Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of
the total equipment cost).72 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door
(33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or
$150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door.
O&M Cost Adjustments
No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient freezers.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
70
The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in freezer at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
71 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A
Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002
72 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers,
Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22.
81
Reference Tables
Savings for Reach-In Freezers meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications
Internal Volume
(cubic feet)
Annual Energy
Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base
Use of Average
Case
Base Case Model
ENERGY STAR
Tier 2
(kWh/year)
(Tier 1)
20 to 32 cf (one door)
4,319
511
1,654
33 to 60 cf (two door)
7,805
669
2,810
61 to 80 cf (three door)
11,292
827
3,966
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best
fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5%
below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold.
CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators
Tier
Description of Specification
Maximum Energy Use
(kWh/day)
0.40 V + 1.38
0.28 V + 0.097
1
ENERGY STAR
2
ENERGY STAR + 30%
Note: V= internal volume
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.10, Table 7.
82
Commercial Ice-makers
Measure Number: I-E-5-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program
Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
<Icemakers.xls>
Description
A typical ice-maker consists of a case, insulation, refrigeration system, and a water supply system. They are
used in hospitals, hotels, food service, and food preservation. Energy-savings for ice-makers can be
obtained by using high-efficiency compressors and fan motors, thicker insulation, and other measures. CEE
has developed 2 efficiency thresholds – Tiers 1 and 2. Tier 2 units are not currently available, but more
efficient models have been developed that are expected to be on the market soon.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Ice-maker
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.3
Average number of
measures per year
15
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
4.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / FLH
= value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up
(varies by type, capacity and efficiency tier)
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an ice-maker less efficient than CEE Tier 1. See the average baseline energy use in the
savings table in the Reference Tables section.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency ice-maker can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those approximately meeting the Federal
Energy Management Program (FEMP) specifications, or Tier 2 – those 20% more efficient than Tier 1.
Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification.
Operating Hours
The ice-maker is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load
hours are 5858 hours.73
73
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
83
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years74
Measure Cost
Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the
incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial ice-makers is relatively small75. For analysis purposes,
the incremental cost for Tier 1 is assumed to be $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day,
$45 for 200 to 400 lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater
than 600 lbs/day. These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE.
Incentive Level
Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are similar to the incentives suggested by ACEEE. 76 For
Tier 1, the incentive is $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day, $45 for 200 to 400
lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater than 600 lbs/day.
If equipment exceeding the Tier 2 specification becomes commercially available, it may still receive the
incentive for exceeding Tier 1, but to avoid customer confusion, separate higher incentives for Tier 2 will
not be offered until these units appear on the market.
O&M Cost Adjustments
No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient ice-makers.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
While there is a maximum water use threshold in the CEE criteria, it is primarily meant to ensure that
energy-efficiency is not gained at the expense of increasing water usage. The water threshold is met by
75% of the ice-makers currently on the market. 77 Therefore, no change in water consumption is assumed
for analysis purposes.
Reference Tables
74
The following report estimates life of a commercial ice-maker at 7-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
75 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A
Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002
76 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers,
Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
77 Ibid., p. 14.
84
Savings for Ice-makers meeting CEE Tier 1 Specifications
Unit Type and Capacity
(lbs. of ice/24 hours)
Annual Energy Use of Annual Energy Use of
Average Annual kWh
Average Base Case
Average Tier 1 Model
Savings Relative to
Model (kWh/year)
(kWh/year)
Base Case for Tier 1
Air Cooled
<200
2,021
1,887
134
200 to 400
3,680
3,243
437
401 to 600
4,906
4,480
427
> 600
6,531
5,870
661
Water Cooled
<200
1,620
1,412
208
200 to 400
2,835
2,546
289
401 to 600
4,077
3,465
612
> 600
5,381
4,572
809
Base case energy use extrapolated from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis (Packaged Commercial
Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel,
ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 11). Analysis of Tier 1 models currently on the market indicates that
they are on average 6% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold. Tier 1 savings assume
average qualifying model is 4% better than the qualifying threshold (as a conservative estimate) and that
the average unit operates at 40% of capacity. Savings for Tier 2 are not included because at this time there
are no Tier 2 models on the market. See spreadsheet <Icemakers.xls> for actual calculation of average
savings.
CEE Specifications for Ice-Makers
Harvest Rate
(100 lbs of
ice/24 hrs)
Tier
Corresponding Base
Specification
Max. Daily Energy Use
(kWh/100 lbs of ice)
Max. Daily Water Use
(gallons/100 lbs of ice)
Ice-Making Heads (Water Cooled)
Approx. FEMP
7.80 – 0.0055H
200 – 0.022H
20% below Tier 1
6.24 – 0.0044H
200 – 0.022H
≥ 500 lbs/day
Approx. FEMP
5.58 – 0.0011H
200 – 0.022H
20% below Tier 1
4.46 – 0.0008H
200 – 0.022H
Ice-Making Heads (Air Cooled)
< 450 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
10.26 – 0.0086H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
8.21 – 0.0069H
Not Applicable
≥ 450 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
6.89 – 0.0011H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
5.51 – 0.0009H
Not Applicable
Remote-Condensing (Air Cooled)
< 1000 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
8.85 – 0.0038H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
7.08 – 0.0030H
Not Applicable
≥ 1000 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
5.10
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
4.08
Not Applicable
Self-Contained (Water Cooled)
< 200 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
11.40 – 0.0190H
191 – 0.0315H
2
20% below Tier 1
9.12 – 0.0152H
191 – 0.0315H
≥ 200 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
7.60
191 – 0.0315H
2
20% below Tier 1
6.08
191 – 0.0315H
Self-Contained (Air Cooled)
< 175 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
18.0 – 0.0469H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
14.4 – 0.0375H
Not Applicable
≥ 175 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
9.80
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
7.84
Not Applicable
Note: H= harvest rate in lbs/day
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.14, Table 9.
< 500 lbs/day
1
2
1
2
85
86
Evaporator Fan Motor Controls
Measure Number: I-E-7-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
Description
Walk-in cooler evaporator fans typically run all the time; 24 hrs/day, 365 days/yr. This is because they
must run constantly to provide cooling when the compressor is running, and to provide air circulation when
the compressor is not running. However, evaporator fans are a very inefficient method of providing air
circulation. Each of these fans uses more than 100 watts. Installing an evaporator fan control system will
turn off evaporator fans while the compressor is not running, and instead turn on an energy-efficient 35
watt fan to provide air circulation, resulting in significant energy savings.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Evap Fan Control
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
2.6
Average number of
measures per year
20
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
52
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((kWEvap  nFans ) – kWCirc )  (1-DCComp)  DCEvap  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760
Where:
kW
kWEvap
nFans
kWCirc
DCComp
DCEvap
BF
kWh
8760
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW)78
= Number of evaporator fans
= Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)79.
= Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)80
= Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer)81
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing the evaporator fan with
a lower wattage circulating fan when the compressor is not running (1.5 for
low temp, 1.3 for medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp) 82
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
78
Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts.
Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol.
80 A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Traverse (35%-65%),
Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment
with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall
duty factor.
81 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4
20-min defrost cycles per day)
82 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp,
based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures
of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F.
.
79
87
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a refrigeration system without an evaporator fan control.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigeration system with an evaporator fan control and a smaller wattage circulating
fan.
Operating Hours
The evaporator fan run time without a fan control is 8760 hours per year. With a fan control the evaporator
fan would be replaced with a smaller wattage fan for 50% of the time, or 4380 hours per year.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
26.7%
14.0%
24.1%
35.2%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Evaporator
60.6%
37.7%
49.1%
Fan Control
(#68)
Source: Derived from the standard refrigeration loadshape, with a 50% reduction in run time. See file
<RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years
Measure Cost
The installation cost for a fan control is $2,254.83
Incentive Level
25% of installation costs or $550 per fan control.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
83
Based on average of costs from Freeaire and Cooltrol fan control systems.
88
Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
Measure Number: I-E-8-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
Description
Cooler or freezer evaporator fan boxes typically contain two to six evaporator fans that run nearly 24 hours
each day, 365 days each year. Not only do these fans use electricity, but the heat that each fan generates
must also be removed by the refrigeration system to keep the product cold, adding more to the annual
electricity costs. If the cooler or freezer has single-phase power, the electricity usage can be reduced by
choosing permanent split capacitor (PSC) motors instead of conventional, shaded-pole motors.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Permanent Split
Capacitor Motor
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.55
Average number of
measures per year
50
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
27.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= (kWSP – kWPSC )  DCEvap  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760
Where:
kW
kWSP
kWPSC
DCEvap
BF
kWh
8760
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of a shaded pole evaporator fan (Average 0.132 kW) 84
= Connected load kW of a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan (0.088kW) 85
= Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer) 86
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing a shaded-pole
evaporator fan with a lower wattage PSC fan (1.5 for low temp, 1.3 for
medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp) 87
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is shaded pole evaporator fan motor.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan motor.
84
Based on metered data from R.H. Travers.
Wattage of 1.1 Amp motor at 120 V, with 65% load factor.
86 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4
20-min defrost cycles per day)
87 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp,
based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures
of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F.
85
89
Operating Hours
A cooler evaporator fan runs all the time or 8760 hours per year. A freezer evaporator fan runs 8273 hours
per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day). The smaller number of hours for freezer
fan run time is captured in the duty cycle factor in the kW calculation, so that 100% coincidence factors
may be applied to both applications.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Flat (#25)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years
Measure Cost
The incremental cost of a PSC fan motor compared to a shaded-pole fan motor is $125.88 Retrofit cost for a
PSC fan motor is $235 ($175 for the motor, $60 for installation labor including travel time).
Incentive Level
$75 or 60% of the incremental cost at the time of replacement and 32% of the full installed retrofit cost..
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
88
Based on personal communications with Ken Hodgdon of Natural Cool ($125) and Kevan Mayer of Blodgett Supply
($120).
90
Zero-Energy Doors
Measure Number: I-E-9-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
Description
Cooler or freezer reach-ins with glass doors typically have electric resistance heaters installed within the
door frames. Refrigerator door manufacturers include these resistance heaters to prevent condensation from
forming on the glass, blocking the customer’s view, and to prevent frost formation on door frames. Zeroenergy doors may be chosen in place of standard cooler and freezer doors. These doors consist of two or
three panes of glass and include a low-conductivity filler gas (e.g., Argon) and low-emissivity glass
coatings. This system keeps the outer glass warm and prevents external condensation. Manufacturers can
provide information on how well these systems work with “respiring” products.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Zero-energy doors
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.8
Average number of
measures per year
80
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
64
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWdoor  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760
Where:
kW
kWdoor
BF
kWh
8760
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater
(cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 89
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the
door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for
medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp) 90
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door that prevents condensation with multiple pains of glass,
inert gas, and low-e coatings instead of using electrically generated heat.
Operating Hours
8760 hours per year
89
Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W).
Bonus factor (1+ 0.65/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp,
based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures
of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65%
of heat generated by door enters the refrigerated case.
90
91
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Flat (#25)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years91
Measure Cost
The incremental cost of a zero energy door is estimated at $275 for coolers and $800 for freezers. 92
Incentive Level
$125 or 45% of the incremental cost for a cooler door and $300 or 38% of the incremental cost for a freezer
door.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
91
The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
92 Based on manufacturers cost data and EVT project experience.
92
Door Heater Controls
Measure Number: I-E-10-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls>
Description
Another option to zero-energy doors – that is also effective on existing reach-in cooler or freezer doors – is
“on-off” control of the operation of the door heaters. Because relative humidity levels differ greatly across
the United States, a door heater in Vermont needs to operate for a much shorter season than a door heater in
Florida. By installing a control device to turn off door heaters when there is little or no risk of
condensation, one can realize energy and cost savings.
There are two strategies for this control, based on either (1) the relative humidity of the air in the store or
(2) the “conductivity” of the door (which drops when condensation appears). In the first strategy, the
system activates your door heaters when the relative humidity in your store rises above a specific setpoint,
and turns them off when the relative humidity falls below that setpoint. In the second strategy, the sensor
activates the door heaters when the door conductivity falls below a certain setpoint, and turns them off
when the conductivity rises above that setpoint.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Door heater
controls
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
3.5
Average number of
measures per year
20
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
70
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWdoor  Ndoor  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760  ES
Where:
kW
kWdoor
Ndoor
BF
kWh
8760
ES
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater
(cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 93
= Number of doors controlled by sensor
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the
door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for
medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp) 94
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
= Percent annual energy savings (55% for humidity-based control95, 70% for
conductivity-based control96)
93
Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W).
Bonus factor assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the
average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F,
20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65% of heat
generated by door enters the refrigerated case (1+ 0.65/COP).
95 R.H.Travers’ estimate of savings.
96 Door Miser savings claim.
94
93
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door with either a humidity-based or conductivity-based doorheater control.
Operating Hours
Door heaters operate 8760 hours per year.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
35.7%
17.9%
22.1%
24.3%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Door Heater
100.0%
0.0%
88.9%
Control (#69)
Source: Based on assumption that the door heater savings will occur when the interior humidity levels are
lowest – primarily the winter months, with declining savings during the fall and spring. See
<Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls>
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years97
Measure Cost
The cost for humidity-based control is $300 for a complete circuit, regardless of the number of doors. The
cost for conductivity-based control is $200 per door.
Incentive Level
$150 or 50% of the cost for a humidity-based control and $100 per door or 50% of the cost for a
conductivity-based control.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
97
The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
94
Discus and Scroll Compressors
Measure Number: I-E-11-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers.
2.01 July 2003.xls>
Description
Discus Technology involves using effective gas and oil flow management through valving that provides
the best operating efficiency in the range of the compressor load. This eliminates capillary tubes typically
used for lubrication, that also offers maximum compressor protection as well as environmental integrity.
Discus retainers inside the cylinder also improve efficiency and lower sound levels. Reducing discharge
pulsation levels by 20% over older reed models accomplishes this. The discus action is similar to a piston
in the car engine. There is a moving reed action in the top part of the piston, which decreases lost gas from
escaping. This leads to the effective gas utilization mentioned above. Because of the close tolerance
maintained by this discus retainer to the top of the compressor structure, the fluid loss is minimized and
adds to efficiency, however this same tight tolerance requires completely particle free fluid to pass through
it.
The discus compressor offers a rated compressor efficiency rating, expressed in EER, that is significantly
higher than the standard reciprocating type compressor, therefore leading to significant annual energy
savings.
Scroll Technology involves using two identical, concentric scrolls, one inserted within the other. One
scroll remains stationary as the other orbits around it. This movement draws gas into the compression
chamber and moves it through successively smaller pockets formed by the scroll’s rotation, until it reaches
maximum pressure at the center of the chamber. At this point, the required discharge pressure has been
achieved. There, it is released through a discharge port in the fixed scroll. During each orbit, several
pockets are compressed simultaneously, making the operation continuous.
Scroll compressors generally have slightly lower efficiency ratings than do discus compressors, particularly
in lower temperature applications, but are nevertheless significantly more efficient than standard
reciprocating compressors.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Compressor
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
1.5
Average number of
measures per year
10
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
15
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWh / FLH
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWhHP  HP
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
kWhHP
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
= kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this
measure write-up)
95
HP
= Compressor horsepower.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a standard hermetic or semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency compressor for this write-up is either a discus or scroll compressor.
Operating Hours
The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, but because of compressor cycling the
full load hours are 5858 hours.98
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Discuss and Scroll compressors have lifetimes of 13 years. A baseline compressor has a shorter lifetime of
10 years.
Measure Cost
Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables
section below.
Incentive Level
Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables
section below.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Standard compressors are assumed to require $325/year for maintenance (2.5 hours twice per year at
$65/hour), compared to $97.5/year (1.5 hours) for scroll compressors and $65/year (1 hour) for discus
compressors.
The maintenance costs for standard semi-hermetic or hermetic compressors are primarily associated with
cleaning the condenser and repairing leaks that are caused by the "slugging" of the liquid refrigerant in the
line. The slugging hammers the refrigeration piping and joints become undone and leak.
The maintenance costs associated with Scroll compressors are due to adjustment of onboard mechanical
valves and cleaning the condenser. The maintenance costs associated with Discus compressors are simply
to check out the moving reed action internal to the compressor and check the refrigerant fluid for particles.
There are no other moving parts in the Discus that require maintenance.
98
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
96
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Compressor kWh Savings Per Horsepower
Compressor Type
Temperature Range
Low Temperature
Medium Temperature
High Temperature
(-35°F to -5°F SST)
(0°F to 30°F SST)
(35°F to 55°F SST)
(Ref. Temp -20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 45°F SST)
Discus
517
601
652
Scroll
208
432
363
Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in
spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>.
Compressor Costs and Incentives
Size
(HP)
Baseline
Cost
Discus
Cost
2
3
4
5
6
7.5
10
$4,790
$5,300
$6,400
$7,500
$11,090
$16,480
$19,800
NA
$5,950
$7,165
$8,400
$12,420
$18,458
$22,176
Discus
Incremental
Cost
NA
$650
$765
$900
$1,330
$1,980
$2,375
Discus
Incentive
($125/HP)
NA
$375
$500
$625
$750
$938
$1,250
97
Scroll
Cost
$5,270
$5,830
$7,040
$8,250
$12,200
$18,128
$21,780
Scroll
Incremental
Cost
$480
$530
$640
$750
$1,110
$1,650
$1,980
Scroll
Incentive
($110/HP)
$220
$330
$440
$550
$660
$825
$1,100
Floating Head Pressure Control
Measure Number: I-E-12-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration
Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>
Description
Installers conventionally design a refrigeration system to condense at a set pressure-temperature setpoint,
typically 90 degrees. By installing a “floating head pressure control” condenser system, the refrigeration
system can change condensing temperatures in response to different outdoor temperatures. This means that
as the outdoor temperature drops, the compressor will not have to work as hard to reject heat from the
cooler or freezer.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Floating Head
Pressure Control
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
2
Average number of
measures per year
20
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
40
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWh / FLH
Energy Savings
kWh = kWhHP  HP
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
kWhHP
HP
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
= kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this
measure write-up)
= Compressor horsepower.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a refrigeration system without floating head pressure control.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigeration system with floating head pressure control.
Operating Hours
The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, while savings from floating head
pressure control are expected to occur when the temperature outside is below 75 degrees F, or 8125 hours.
However, due to varied levels of savings at different outdoor temperatures, the full load hours are assumed
to be 7221 hours. See <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
98
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
23.7%
12.0%
29.9%
34.4%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Floating Head
100.0%
0.0%
53.7%
Pressure
Control (#70)
Source: Calculated from hours during which outside temperatures are below 75 degrees F. See
<RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each
evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables
section below.
Incentive Level
Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each
evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables
section below. Incentive not offered for compressors less than 1.5 HP.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
99
Reference Tables
Floating Head Pressure Control kWh Savings Per Horsepower
Compressor Type
Temperature Range
Low Temperature
Medium Temperature
High Temperature
(-35°F to -5°F SST)
(0°F to 30°F SST)
(35°F to 55°F SST)
(Ref. Temp -20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 45°F SST)
Standard Reciprocating
695
727
657
Discus
607
598
694
Scroll
669
599
509
Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in
spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>.
Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives
Number of
Evaporators
1
2
3
4
Incremental
Cost
$518
$734
$984
$1,233
Incentive
$250
$375
$500
$650
100
Compressed Air End Use
Compressed Air – Non-Controls
Measure Number: I-F-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 15
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
Measures other than controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies
to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / HOURS
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
HOURS = hours of operation (see operating hours section).
kW
= gross customer kW savings for the measure
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Operating Hours
Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays)
2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays)
3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays)
4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down
time)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Operating
Schedule
1-shift (8/5)
#44
2-shift (16/5)
#45
3-shift (24/5)
#46
4-shift (24/7)
#47
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter1
Summer1 Fall/Spring1
33.2%
0.0%
66.8%
0.0%
39.7%
66.7%
39.7%
31.1%
2.1%
62.7%
4.2%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
44.6%
22.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named
<compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts.
1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that
compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods,
the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period,
the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours.
101
Freeridership
5% CEO Non-Act 250
10% CIEM
0% Act 250
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Installed Cost
Site specific.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Varies by measure.
Leak reduction measure lifetime is 1 year.
102
Compressed Air – Controls
Measure Number: I-F-2-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 15
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
Controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies to new
construction, equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis
Demand Savings
kW = kW  SVG
Where:
kWh
SVG
kW
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= savings as a % of kW. SVG = 22%99.
= average diversified kW compressor load controlled.
= gross customer kW savings for the measure
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Operating Hours
Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays)
2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays)
3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays)
4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down
time)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
99
Average kW savings from examination of 15 audited projects.
103
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Operating
Schedule
1-shift (8/5)
#44
2-shift (16/5)
#45
3-shift (24/5)
#46
4-shift (24/7)
#47
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.2%
0.0%
66.8%
0.0%
39.7%
66.7%
39.7%
31.1%
2.1%
62.7%
4.2%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
44.6%
22.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named
<compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts.
1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that
compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods,
the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period,
the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours.
Freeridership
5% CEO Non-Act 250
10% CIEM
0% Act 250
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be 85% as agreed to between DPS and EVT.
Installed Cost
Site specific.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Engineering Measure Life varies by measure.
Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be the 0.85 * the Engineering Measure Life, to
adjust for persistence.
104
Snow Making End Use
Snow Making
Measure Number: I-G-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Snow Making End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
10/05/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Measures that reduce snow making energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction,
equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis
Demand Savings
kW = kW calculated on a site-specific basis  IRF
Where:
kWh
kW
IRF
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure
= interruptible rate adjustment factor. Equals 0.50 for customers on interruptible rate; 1.0
for customers on non-interruptible rates.
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Operating Hours
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Calculated on a site-specific basis
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Snow Making
44%
44%
2%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
10%
Site
Specific
0%
Site Specific
Source: Energy distribution developed based on typical hours and season of snow making in Vermont.
Winter and Fall/Spring coincidence factors will be calculated on a site specific basis depending on the ski
areas practices, compressed air capacity, and other factors.
105
Freeridership
12% Non-Act 250
0% Act 250
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Installed Cost
Site specific.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Varies by measure
106
Monitor Power Management
EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software
Measure Number: I-H-1-a (CEO Program, Monitor Power Management End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 18
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Webber, Carrie, A., et al., Field Surveys of Office Equipment Operating
Patterns, Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, LBNL46930, September 2001; 2) Kawamoto et al., Electricity Used by Office Equipment and Network
Equipment in the U.S., Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA,
LBNL-45917, February 2001; 3) EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in
Monitors at US DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000; 4) Excel
workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>, developed by Cadmus Group; 5) MPM Calculations.xls
Description
This measure describes the energy savings associated with office computer monitor power management
(MPM) EZ Save software that enables a computer monitor to automatically power-down (i.e., sleep mode
feature for the monitor after a period of inactivity). 100 EZ Save software is appropriate for organizations
with a computer network and an in-house network administrator knowledgeable about network software
installations. Energy savings are estimated in this characterization on a per computer basis and aggregrated
based on the indicated number of computers to be activated on the software download form. EZ Save is
installed on the local server without the need to go to the separate computer stations connected to the
network. The energy savings estimated in this characterization are applicable to computers used on
average 45 hours per week. Given that not all downloads of EZ Save MPM software will be installed due
to the two-step process required by network administrators, we discount total kWh savings by an in-service
rate (ISR) factor.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Software Type
Average Annual MWH
Savings per computer
EZ Save Software on an
0.03
Office Computer
Average number of
computers per year
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
1000
30
Algorithms
The following kW and kWh is per computer.
Demand Savings101
kW
= (WattsBASE-WattsEE)/1000
kW
= (85 – 5)/1000 = 0.08
Energy Savings
Savings per Week
kWh/wk = kWh Use Before MPM Software Installed – kWh Use After MPM Software
Installed
100
EVT implementation of this measure will identify intended computer type through the website registration and
download requirements.
101 Kawamoto et al. 2001.
107
The algorithm follows that described by Kawamoto et al. (2001).
kWh/wk
= (HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek*
PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000
-Minus(HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek*
PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000
(i)
(ii)
Annual Savings for Office
Computers Using EZ Save MPM
Software
kWh/wk
= ((45*(45*0.56+85*0.44)+123*0.68*(5*0.56+85*0.44))/1000 ) ((45*(45*1+85*0)+123*0.68*(5*1+85*0))/1000) = 1.604
kWh
kWh
= kWh/wk * 52 weeks/yr* ISR
= 1.604 * 52 * 0.33= 27.5
The table below provides the user-inputs for the average office setting using EZ Save MPM software:
Computer Use Parameters
Before
After
MPM
MPM
Effort
Effort
HoursUsedPerWeek102
45
45
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM (avg. watts during in-use
hours with MPM, weighted avg. of on and sleep mode) 103
PercentEnabled (Proportion of PCs Enabled for Monitor Power
Management (MPM))104
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM
(avg. watts during in-use hours with no power management) 105
PercentDisabled (1 – PercentEnabled)106
HoursNotUsedPerWeek
(Non-use hours, 168–45=123)
PercentOnNights (Percent of monitors left on at nights) 107
WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM
(avg. watts for monitor in sleep mode)108
ISR (In-Service Rate) 109
102
45
45
56%
100%
85
85
44%
0%
123
123
68%
68%
5
5
N/A
0.33
Estimated typical office hours of computer use per week (5 days * 9 hours/day) provided by the Cadmus Group.
Kawamoto et al. (2001).
104 Source for percent enabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent enabled after MPM is from
the Cadmus Group. This enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence factor.
105 Kawamoto et al. (2001).
106 Source for percent disabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent disabled after MPM is
from the Cadmus Group. Note, this enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence
factor.
107 Webber et al. (2001). EVT Estimates percent of monitors left on at night is the same as before MPM installed.
108 Kawamoto et al. (2001).
109 Estimate from David Beavers, Cadmus Group for software downloads requiring a registration form based on
previous program implementation evaluations.
103
108
Baseline Efficiencies
The baseline is a typical organization that has PC workstations enabled for monitor power management at
the national average rate of 56%.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency organization is defined as having PC workstations enabled with monitor power
management at a rate of 100%.
Operating Hours
Operating hours will vary depending on the number of users that turn off monitors after-hours and on
weekends, and the number of workstations that are enabled for monitor power management. See input table
above for default values.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh Savings
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Computer
Office #62
21.2%
11.9%
29.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
37.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
25.4%
23.5%
26.3%
Source: See calculations in Excel workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>. Peak coincident factor is
calculated as the average kW reduction during the peak period compared to the maximum kW savings from
enabling the sleep mode.
Freeridership
0%. The energy savings estimates already factor in a rate of 56% previous monitor power management,
thus savings are based only on units that were not previously enabled. Because EZ Save significantly
reduces the cost of enabling MPM, the possibility that an IT department would have manually implemented
MPM in the near future without the benefit of EZ Save is very remote.
Spillover
0%. There is a large potential for spillover, however data on actual impacts are not available at this time.
Many organizations combine a rollout of EZ Save with general energy savings outreach messages to
employees such as saving energy through powering down equipment after work. This can lead to a
doubling of energy savings. Employees may also carry this message home and set their home computers for
MPM. Also word of mouth by IT staffs will lead to additional applications of EZ Save.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be 0.85110
Lifetimes111
Engineering lifetime is 2 years based on estimated average existing CPU is two years old upon installation
of software. Adjusted measure life is two years times persistence (2*0.85)= 1.7 years.
Measure Cost
There are no capital expenses for enabling monitor power management on Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000 and
XP workstations. Windows NT4 workstations are not suitable for power management options. Network
administrator labor cost is estimated at $80 (2 hrs at $40/hr) for installation. 112 On average, it is estimated
that 25 computers will be activated per EZ Save download. For the purposes of prescriptive screening of
the measure cost, the per network download cost is estimated to be $26.40. This is calculated by
EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in Monitors at US DOE’s Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000
111 Kawamoto et al. (2001) estimates computer lifetime of 4 years. EVT estimates the
average age of a computer receiving MPM software is two years old.
112 Labor costs for installation will not vary with the number of computers activated.
110
109
discounting network download cost by the ISR rate to take into account all of the downloads that are never
fully activated, and as such, labor costs are never incurred. ($80*0.33 =$26.40).
O&M Cost Adjustments
None quantified.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
110
Commercial Energy Opportunities (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track)
Lighting End Use (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track)
Non-Control Lighting (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track)
Measure Number: II-A-1-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Act 250 and Comprehensive Track)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: None
Description
Efficient lighting with a reduced wattage compared to the baseline, other than controls.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
17.1
Average number of measures per
year
200
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
3420
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave  WHFd
kWsave = (WSFbase – WSFeffic)  SF/1000
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type if site-specific
hours are not available.
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat
cooling factor for Vermont113and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors the value is1.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
WSFbase = the baseline lighting watts per square foot or linear foot. Refer to the table titled Act
250 Lighting Baselines.
WSFeffic = the actual installed lighting watts per square foot or linear foot.
SF
= Building or space square footage or linear feet if usage expressed as watts per linear
foot.
113
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
111
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 114
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled Act 250 Lighting Baselines.
High Efficiency
Based on actual installed watts per square foot. If not available then assumed equal to the 2001 Vermont
Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction.
Operating Hours
Lighting hours of operation determined on a site-specific basis. If site-specific data is not available then use
hours of use by building type for interior lighting. See the table titled Interior Lighting Operating Hours by
Building Type. If building type is not specified then use default 3,500 hours for interior lighting. For
exterior lighting use default 3,338 hours of use 115.
Loadshapes
Indoor Lighting: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined
lighting and cooling loadshape.
Outdoor Lighting: Loadshape #13, Commercial Outdoor Lighting.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is:
Per square foot $1.25 per Watt/SF reduction.
Per lineal foot $0.50 per Watt/lin ft reduction.
Incentive Level
EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure.
114
115
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey.
112
O&M Cost Adjustments
None.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHF)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Act 250 Baselines
Note: For all baselines, Source is as listed unless the VT 2001 Guidelines, then it is the old baseline.
MP=Master Plan, Non-MP=Non-Master Plan
Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories
Building Area Type
Lighting Power Density (W/ft2)
<10,000 ft2
>10,000 ft2
>10,000 ft2
Non-MP
Master Plan
Automotive Facility
1.5
1.5
1.5
Convention Center
2.2
2.1
2.1
Court House
1.9
1.9
1.8
Dining: Bar
2.0
1.7
1.6
Lounge/Leisure
Dining: Cafeteria
1.8
1.8
1.8
Dining: Family
1.9
1.9
1.9
Dormitory
1.5
1.5
1.5
Source for Baseline
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Banquet/Multipurpose
Classroom/Lecture Hall
Leisure Dining Bar
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Exercise Center
Gymnasium
Hospital/Health Care
Hotel
Library
Manufacturing Facility
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.2
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.2
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.2
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Motel
Motion Picture Theater
Multi-Family
Museum
Office
Parking Garage
Penitentiary
Performing Arts
Theater
Police/Fire Station
Post Office
Religious Building
Retail
School/University
Sports Arena
Town Hall
Transportation
Warehouse
Workshop
2.0
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.8
0.3
1.2
1.5
2.0
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.6
0.3
1.2
1.5
2.0
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.6
0.3
1.2
1.5
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Offices
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.3
1.6
2.2
3.1
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Retail
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
113
Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type
<10,000
ft2
>10,000
ft2 NonMP
>10,000
ft2 MP
Source for
Baseline
Athletic Facility Buildings
Gymnasium
Playing Area
Dressing/Locker
Exercise Area
Exercise Center
Exercise Area
Dressing/Locker
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Civil Service Buildings
Courthouse
Courtroom
Confinement Cell
Judges Chambers
Police Station
Police Station Laboratory
Fire Station
Fire Station Engine Room
Sleeping Quarters
Post Office
Sorting Area
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.1
2.1
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.1
2.1
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.1
2.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Sorting & Mailing
Convention Center Buildings
Convention Center
Exhibit Space
3.3
3.3
3.3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.9
1.8
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
2.8
2.6
2.0
1.6
2.3
1.3
7.6
1.9
3.0
1.9
2.0
0.7
2.8
2.6
2.0
1.6
2.3
1.3
7.6
1.9
3.0
1.9
2.0
0.7
2.8
2.6
2.0
1.6
2.3
1.2
7.6
1.9
3.0
1.9
2.0
0.7
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Nurse Station
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Patient Room
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Nursery
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Radiology
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Educational Buildings
Library
Card File/Cataloging
Stacks
Reading Area
Hospital/Healthcare Buildings
Emergency
Recovery
Nurse Station
Exam/Treatment
Pharmacy
Patient Room
Operating Room
Nursery
Medical Supply
Physical Therapy
Radiology
Laundry - Washing
114
Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type
<10,000
ft2
Industrial Buildings
Workshop
Automotive Facility
Manufacturing
>10,000
ft2 NonMP
>10,000
ft2 MP
Source for
Baseline
Workshop
Garage Service/Repair
General Low Bay (<25’)
General High Bay (>25’)
Detailed
Equipment Room
Control Room
2.5
1.4
2.1
3.0
6.2
0.8
1.5
2.5
1.4
2.1
3.0
6.2
0.8
1.5
2.5
1.4
2.1
3.0
6.2
0.8
1.5
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Control Room
Lodging Buildings
Hotel
Motel
Dormitory
Guest Room
Guest Room
Living Quarters
2.5
2.5
1.9
2.5
2.5
1.9
2.5
2.5
1.9
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Museum Buildings
Museum
General Exhibition
1.8
1.7
1.7
Restoration
3.7
3.6
3.6
Museum General
Exhibition
Inspection/Restoration
Banking Activity Area
Laboratory
2.7
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.3
Banking Activity Area
Laboratory
Confinement Cells
1.1
1.1
1.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Worship – Pulpit, Choir
Fellowship Hall
5.2
3.2
5.2
3.2
5.2
3.2
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
General Sales Area
Mall Concourse
2.1
1.8
2.1
1.8
2.1
1.8
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Ring Sports Arena
Court Sports Arena
Indoor Playing Field Area
3.8
4.3
1.9
3.8
4.3
1.9
3.8
4.3
1.9
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Fine Material Storage
Medium/Bulky Material
Storage
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
0.8
1.3
0.8
1.3
0.7
1.3
Concourse
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Office Buildings
Office
Penitentiary Buildings
Penitentiary
Religious Buildings
Retail Buildings
Retail
Sports Arena Building
Sports Arena
Storage Buildings
Warehouse
Transportation Buildings
Transportation
Airport Concourse
Air/Train/Bus Baggage
Area
Terminal – Ticket Counter
2.3
115
2.1
2.1
Ticket Counter
Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type
<10,000
ft2
Lobby
General
1.8
Hotel
1.9
Performing Arts
1.4
Motion Picture
1.4
Atrium (multi-story)
First 3 floors
1.3
Each additional floor
0.2
Dining Area
General Cafeteria
1.4
Bar/lounge leisure dining
2.3
>10,000 ft2
Non-MP
>10,000 ft2
MP
Source for
Baseline
1.8
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.3
1.3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Theater Lobby
Theater Lobby
1.3
0.2
1.3
0.2
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.4
2.2
1.4
2.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Avg Bar/lounge &
leisure dining
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Avg Bar/lounge &
leisure dining
Avg Bar/lounge &
leisure dining
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Family
Hotel
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
Motel
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
Food preparation
1.0
1.0
1.0
Toilet &
Washroom
General
Hospital/healthcare
Museum
1.1
2.9
1.4
1.1
2.9
1.4
1.1
2.9
1.4
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
General
0.9
0.9
0.9
Vt 2001 Guidelines
General
Hospital/healthcare
Museum
1.1
2.9
1.4
1.1
2.9
1.4
1.1
2.9
1.4
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
0.3
1.4
0.3
1.4
0.3
1.4
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.3
1.3
1.3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Restrooms
Corridor
Stairs – active
Active storage
Inactive storage
General
Museum
Electrical/mechanical
General
116
Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type
Office – enclosed plan
General
1.7
1.7
1.7
Reading, Typing,
Filing Office 1
Office – open plan
General
1.9
1.9
2.0
Reading, Typing,
Filing Avg Office 2
&3
Conference/meeting room
General
1.7
1.7
1.6
Conference/
Meeting Room
Classroom/lecture/training
General
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
Classroom/Lecture
Hall
Classroom/Lecture
Hall
Audience/seating area
Athletic facility
Civil service building
Convention center
0.5
1.6
2.2
0.5
1.6
2.1
0.5
1.6
2.1
Penitentiary building
Religious building
Sports arena
Performing arena
Motion picture
Transportation
1.9
3.2
0.5
1.8
1.3
1.8
1.9
3.2
0.5
1.8
1.3
1.8
1.9
3.2
0.5
1.8
1.3
1.8
Penitentiary
Act 250 Exterior Lighting Baseline
Application
Building entrance with canopy or free standing
canopy
Building entrance without canopy
Building exit
Building facades
Power Limits
4 W/ft2 of canopied area
33 W/lin ft of door width
25 W/lin ft of door width
0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated façade area
117
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Conference Center
Multipurpose
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Act 250 Baseline for IECC 2000 Categories
Entire Building
Lighting Power Density (W/ft2)
<10,000 ft2
>10,000 ft2
>10,000 ft2 MP
Non-MP
Auditorium
NA
NA
NA
Bank/financial institution
NA
NA
NA
Classroom/lecture
NA
NA
NA
Convention, conference,
NA
NA
NA
meeting center
Corridor, restroom, support
NA
NA
NA
area
Dining
NA
NA
NA
Exercise center
1.4
1.4
1.4
Exhibition hall
NA
NA
NA
Grocery store
1.9
1.9
1.9
Gymnasium playing surface
NA
NA
NA
Hotel function
NA
NA
NA
Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling
NA
NA
NA
ht
Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling
NA
NA
NA
ht
Kitchen
NA
NA
NA
Library
1.5
1.5
1.5
Lobby, hotel
NA
NA
NA
Lobby, other
NA
NA
NA
Mall, arcade, atrium
NA
NA
NA
Medical and clinical care
1.6
1.6
1.6
Museum
1.6
1.6
1.6
Office
1.8
1.6
1.6
Religious worship
2.2
2.2
2.2
Restaurant
1.9
1.9
1.9
Retail sales, wholesale
3.1
2.7
2.7
showroom
School
1.5
1.5
1.5
Storage, industrial and
1.2
1.2
1.2
commercial
Theaters, motion picture
1.6
1.6
1.6
Theater, performance
1.5
1.5
1.5
Other
0.6
0.6
0.6
118
Source for Baseline
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
NA
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Offices
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Retail
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Act 250 Baseline for IECC 2000 Categories
Tenant Area or
Lighting Power Density (W/ft2)
Portion of Building
<10,000 ft2
>10,000 ft2
>10,000 ft2 MP
Non-MP
Auditorium
1.6
1.6
1.6
Bank/financial institution
2.6
2.6
2.6
Classroom/lecture
1.9
1.9
1.8
Convention, conference,
1.7
1.7
1.6
meeting center
Corridor, restroom, support
1.1
1.1
1.1
area
Dining
2.2
2.2
2.2
Exercise center
1.1
1.1
1.1
Exhibition hall
3.3
3.3
3.3
Grocery store
2.1
2.1
2.1
Gymnasium playing surface
1.9
1.9
1.9
Hotel function
2.4
2.4
2.4
Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling
2.1
2.1
2.1
ht
Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling
3.0
3.0
3.0
ht
Kitchen
2.2
2.2
2.2
Library
1.8
1.8
1.8
Lobby, hotel
1.9
1.9
1.9
Lobby, other
1.8
1.8
1.8
Mall, arcade, atrium
1.8
1.8
1.8
Medical and clinical care
1.6
1.6
1.6
Museum
1.8
1.7
1.7
Office
1.9
1.9
2.0
Religious worship
Restaurant
Retail sales, wholesale
showroom
School
Storage, industrial and
commercial
Theaters, motion picture
Theater, performance
Other
Source for Baseline
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Banking Activity Area
Classroom/Lecture Hall
Conference/Meeting Room
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
3.2
2.2
2.1
3.2
2.2
2.1
3.2
2.2
2.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Museum General Exhibition
Reading, Typing, Filing Avg Office
2 &3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
1.4
NA
1.4
NA
1.4
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.3
1.8
1.0
1.3
1.8
1.0
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
119
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7
ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.1 (page 51)
Building Area Type
Lighting Power Density
(w/ft2)
Automotive Facility
1.5
Convention Center
1.4
Court House
1.4
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure
1.5
Dining: Cafeteria
1.8
Dining: Family
1.9
Dormitory
1.5
Exercise Center
1.4
Gymnasium
1.7
Hospital/Health Care
1.6
Hotel
1.7
Library
1.5
Manufacturing Facility
2.2
Motel
2.0
Motion Picture Theater
1.6
Multi-Family
1.0
Museum
1.6
Office
1.3
Parking Garage
0.3
Penitentiary
1.2
Performing Arts Theater
1.5
Police/Fire Station
1.3
Post Office
1.6
Religious Building
2.2
Retail
1.9
School/University
1.5
Sports Arena
1.5
Town Hall
1.4
Transportation
1.2
Warehouse
1.2
Workshop
1.7
120
Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7
ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54)
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2)
Building Specific
Space Type
Athletic Facility Buildings
Gymnasium
Playing Area
Dressing/Locker
Exercise Area
Exercise Center
Exercise Area
Dressing/Locker
Civil Service Buildings
Courthouse
Courtroom
Confinement Cell
Judges Chambers
Police Station
Police Station Laboratory
Fire Station
Fire Station Engine Room
Sleeping Quarters
Post Office
Sorting Area
Convention Center Buildings
Convention Center
Exhibit Space
Educational Buildings
Library
Card File/Cataloging
Stacks
Reading Area
Hospital/Healthcare Buildings
Emergency
Recovery
Nurse Station
Exam/Treatment
Pharmacy
Patient Room
Operating Room
Nursery
Medical Supply
Physical Therapy
Radiology
Laundry - Washing
121
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.1
1.7
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
3.3
w/ft2
1.4
1.9
1.8
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
2.8
2.6
1.8
1.6
2.3
1.2
7.6
1.0
3.0
1.9
0.4
0.7
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7
ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54)
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type
Industrial Buildings
Workshop
Automotive Facility
Manufacturing
Lodging Buildings
Hotel
Motel
Dormitory
Museum Buildings
Museum
Office Buildings
Office
Penitentiary Buildings
Penitentiary
Religious Buildings
Retail Buildings
Retail
Sports Arena Building
Sports Arena
Workshop
Garage Service/Repair
General Low Bay (<25’)
General High Bay (>25’)
Detailed
Equipment Room
Control Room
2.5
1.4
2.1
3.0
6.2
0.8
0.5
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
Guest Room
Guest Room
Living Quarters
2.5
2.5
1.9
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
General Exhibition
Restoration
1.6
2.5
w/ft2
w/ft2
Banking Activity Area
Laboratory
2.4
1.8
w/ft2
w/ft2
Confinement Cells
1.1
w/ft2
Worship – Pulpit, Choir
Fellowship Hall
5.2
2.3
w/ft2
w/ft2
General Sales Area
Mall Concourse
2.1
1.8
w/ft2
w/ft2
Ring Sports Arena
Court Sports Arena
Indoor Playing Field Area
3.8
4.3
1.9
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
1.6
1.1
w/ft2
w/ft2
0.7
1.3
1.8
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
Storage Buildings
Warehouse
Fine Material Storage
Medium/Bulky Material Storage
Transportation Buildings
Transportation
Airport Concourse
Air/Train/Bus Baggage Area
Terminal – Ticket Counter
122
Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7
ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54)
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2)
Space by Space
Common Activity Areas
Lobby
General
Hotel
Performing Arts
Motion Picture
Atrium (multi-story)
First 3 floors
Each additional floor
Dining Area
General Cafeteria
Bar/lounge leisure dining
Family
Hotel
Motel
Food preparation
Restrooms
Corridor
General
Hospital/healthcare
Museum
Stairs – active
General
Active storage
General
Hospital/healthcare
Museum
Inactive storage
General
Museum
Electrical/mechanical
General
1.8
1.7
1.2
0.8
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
1.3
0.2
w/ft2
w/ft2
1.4
1.2
2.2
1.0
1.2
2.2
1.0
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
0.7
1.6
0.7
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
0.9
w/ft2
1.1
2.9
1.4
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
0.3
1.4
w/ft2
w/ft2
1.3
w/ft2
Act 250 Guidelines
Lighting Power Limits for Building Exteriors
Application
Building entrance with canopy or free standing canopy
Building area without canopy
Building exit
Building facades
123
Power Limits
3 W/ft2 of canopied area
33 W/lin ft of door width
20 W/lin ft of door width
0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated façade area
Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7
ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54)
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Space by Space -- Common Activity Areas
Office – enclosed plan
General
1.5
Office – open plan
General
1.3
Conference/meeting room
General
1.5
Classroom/lecture/training
General
1.6
Penitentiary
1.4
Audience/seating area
Athletic facility
0.5
Civil service building
1.6
Convention center
1.6
Penitentiary building
1.9
Religious building
3.2
Sports arena
0.5
Performing arena
1.8
Motion picture
1.3
Transportation
1.0
124
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
w/ft2
Act 250 Guidelines from IECC 2000 Table 805.4.2 (page 114)
Interior Lighting Power, w/ft2
Building or Area Type
Entire Bldg
Tenant Area
or Portion
Auditorium
NA
1.6
Bank/financial institution
NA
2.0
Classroom/lecture
NA
1.6
Convention, conference, meeting center
NA
1.5
Corridor, restroom, support area
NA
0.8
Dining
NA
1.4
Exercise center
1.4
1.1
Exhibition hall
NA
3.3
Grocery store
1.9
2.1
Gymnasium playing surface
NA
1.9
Hotel function
NA
2.4
Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling ht
NA
2.1
Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling ht
NA
3.0
Kitchen
NA
2.2
Library
1.5
1.8
Lobby, hotel
NA
1.9
Lobby, other
NA
1.0
Mall, arcade, atrium
NA
1.4
Medical and clinical care
1.6
1.6
Museum
1.6
1.6
Office
1.3
1.5
Religious worship
2.2
3.2
Restaurant
1.7
1.7
Retail sales, wholesale showroom
1.9
2.1
School
1.5
NA
Storage, industrial and commercial
0.6
1.0
Theaters, motion picture
1.1
1.0
Theater, performance
1.4
1.5
Other
0.6
1.0
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Annual Hours
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
(2)
Source: From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting
Program, 1993.
125
Lighting Controls
Measure Number: II-A-2-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Act 250 and Comprehensive Track,
Lighting Controls)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
Controls for lighting, such as occupancy sensors and daylight dimming.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWconnected  HOURS  SVGeffic  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWconnected  SVGeffic  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
HOURS = uncontrolled annual lighting hours of use per year; site-specific.
SVGeffic = % of annual lighting energy saved by lighting control; determined on a site-specific
basis except for multi-level and perimeter switching in the Comprehensive Track where SVG =
10%116.
kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control. For multi-level and perimeter switching in the
Comprehensive Track the savings is applied to all interior lighting kW load.
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont117and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 118
116
10% savings estimate applied to all interior lighting in the Comprehensive Track. Based on 50% of lighting turned
off 20% of the time as a result of multi-level and perimeter switching requirements in the Comprehensive Track.
Perimeter lighting is expected to be switched off more frequently, resulting in a higher percent savings, but this is offset
by other interior lighting such as hallways that will not benefit from multi-level switching.
117 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
126
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies
For lighting controls the baseline is a manual switch. The Vermont Consolidated Act 250 Energy
Guidelines call for multi-level and perimeter switching where appropriate.
High Efficiency
Controlled lighting such as occupancy sensors and daylight dimming .
Operating Hours
Lighting hours of operation determined on a site-specific basis. If site-specific data is not available then use
hours of use by building type for interior lighting. See the table titled Interior Lighting Operating Hours by
Building Type. If building type is not specified then use default 3,500 hours for interior lighting. For
exterior lighting use default 3,338 hours of use 119.
Loadshapes
Indoor Lighting: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined
lighting and cooling loadshape.
Outdoor Lighting: Loadshape #13, Commercial Outdoor Lighting.
Freeridership
15%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Site-specific.
Lifetimes
Controls – 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
2,278
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2)
Manufacturing
hours
from DPS
screening
tool for industrial
lighting.
118 From
“Calculating
lighting
and HVAC
interactions”,
Table 1,indoor
ASHRAE
Journal November 1993.
119
Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey.
127
Reference Tables
128
Motors End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track)
Efficient Motors
Measure Number: II-B-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track,
Efficient Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 17
1/1/03
TBD
Referenced Documents: None
Description
Three-phase ODP & TEFC motors from 1 to 200 HP meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency. All other
motors are treated as custom measures. The minimum efficiency is that defined by EPACT and the
Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
2.1
Average number of measures per
year
121
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
254.1
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWbase –kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
kWl = HP  0.746  (1/l)  LF
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW
kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW
HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
HP
= horsepower of motor (HP)
0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)
l
= efficiency of motor l (l is efficient, Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency
Commercial Construction, or baseline)
LF
= load factor of motor (default = 0.75)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects the minimum efficiency allowed under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992
(EPACT), which went into effect October 1997. While EPACT generally reflects the floor of efficiencies
available, most manufacturers produce models just meeting EPACT, and these are the most commonly
purchased among customers not choosing high efficiency. Refer to the Baseline Motor Efficiencies table.
High Efficiency
The efficiency of each motor installed. The minimum efficiency is that defined by the Consortium for
Energy Efficiency (CEE), the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction and
found on NEEP application forms. Refer to the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial
Construction Motor Efficiencies table.
129
Operating Hours
If available, customer provided annual operating hours. If annual operating hours is not available, then refer
to the Annual Motor Operating Hours table for HVAC fan or pump motors by building type. For all other
motors, use 4500 hours (E Source Technology Atlas Series Volume IV, Drivepower, p. 32).
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Motor
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Application
Peak
OffPeak
Off-Peak
Peak
Ventilation
16.9%
7.6%
37.2%
38.3%
#16
Industrial #21
29.2%
4.2%
58.3%
8.3%
HVAC Pump
38.1% 19.0% 20.4%
22.5%
(heating) #26
HVAC Pump
0.0%
0.0%
47.6%
52.4%
(cooling) #27
HVAC Pump
(unknown use) 19.0%
9.5%
34.0%
37.4%
#28
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
36.5%
47.5%
42.0%
65.7%
90.0%
65.7%
100.0%
0.0%
79.7%
0.0%
100.0%
39.9%
50.0%
50.0%
59.8%
Source: Engineering estimates and GMP screening tool load profiles.
Freeridership
7.5%
Spillover
30%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years for a premium-efficiency motor (Based on BPA measure life study II (Skumatz), which looked at
life of motors in place in commercial buildings). An existing or baseline motor is expected to last for 15
years. Because of its lower operating temperature and better tolerances a premium-efficiency motor will
typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
See the incremental cost table by horsepower and enclosure type in the reference table section.
Incentive Level
Though incentives originally were intended to cover 100% of incremental cost, recent NEEP data indicates
that the incentive covers significantly less – somewhere between 50% and 100%, depending on size. On
average the incentive is estimated at 2/3rd of the incremental cost. See the incremental cost table by
horsepower and enclosure type in the reference table section.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
130
Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base (EPACT)
Size HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200+
Open Drip Proof (ODP)
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
80.0%
82.5%
75.5%
84.0%
84.0%
82.5%
85.5%
84.0%
84.0%
86.5%
86.5%
84.0%
87.5%
87.5%
85.5%
88.5%
88.5%
87.5%
90.2%
89.5%
88.5%
90.2%
91.0%
89.5%
91.0%
91.0%
90.2%
91.7%
91.7%
91.0%
92.4%
92.4%
91.0%
93.0%
93.0%
91.7%
93.0%
93.0%
92.4%
93.6%
93.6%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
93.0%
94.1%
94.1%
93.0%
94.1%
94.5%
93.6%
94.5%
95.0%
93.6%
94.5%
95.0%
94.5%
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
80.0%
82.5%
75.5%
85.5%
84.0%
82.5%
86.5%
84.0%
84.0%
87.5%
87.5%
85.5%
87.5%
87.5%
87.5%
89.5%
89.5%
88.5%
89.5%
89.5%
89.5%
90.2%
91.0%
90.2%
90.2%
91.0%
90.2%
91.7%
92.4%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
91.0%
93.0%
93.0%
91.7%
93.0%
93.0%
92.4%
93.6%
93.6%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
93.0%
94.1%
94.5%
93.6%
94.1%
94.5%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
95.0%
131
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Size HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200+
Open Drip Proof
(ODP)
# of Poles
2
4
6
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
80.0%
84.0%
85.5%
86.5%
87.5%
88.5%
90.2%
90.2%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
94.5%
94.5%
82.5%
84.0%
84.0%
86.5%
87.5%
98.5%
89.5%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
82.5%
84.0%
84.0%
85.5%
87.5%
88.5%
89.5%
90.2%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.5%
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)
1200
# of Poles
4
Speed (RPM)
1800
3600
80.0%
85.5%
86.5%
87.5%
87.5%
89.5%
89.5%
90.2%
90.2%
91.7%
91.7%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
95.0%
95.0%
82.5%
84.0%
84.0%
87.5%
87.5%
89.5%
89.5%
91.0%
91.0%
92.4%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
94.5%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
75.5%
82.5%
84.0%
85.5%
87.5%
88.5%
89.5%
90.2%
90.2%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
94.5%
94.5%
95.0%
2
132
6
Annual Motor Operating Hours
Building Type
Office
Retail
Manufacturing
Hospitals
Elem/Sec Schools
Restaurant
Warehouse
Hotels/Motels
Grocery
Health
College/Univ
Miscellaneous
HVAC
Pump
(heating)
2,186
2,000
3,506
2,820
3,602
2,348
3,117
5,775
2,349
4,489
5,716
2,762
HVAC
Pump
(cooling)
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,688
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,688
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
HVAC Pump
(unknown use)
Ventilation
Fan
2,000
2,000
2,462
2,754
2,190
2,000
2,241
4,231
2,080
2,559
3,641
2,000
6,192
3,261
5,573
8,374
3,699
4,155
6,389
3,719
6,389
2,000
3,631
3,720
Source:
Adapted from Southeastern NY audit data, adjusted for climate variations. Motors must operate a
minimum of 2000 hours to qualify.
Size
HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives
for Efficient Motors
Open Drip-Proof (ODP)
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled
(TEFC)
Incremental
Customer
Incremental Cost
Customer
Cost
Incentive
Incentive
$52
$45
$52
$50
$60
$45
$60
$50
$61
$54
$61
$60
$54
$54
$54
$60
$63
$54
$63
$60
$123
$81
$123
$90
$116
$90
$116
$100
$115
$104
$115
$115
$115
$113
$115
$125
$201
$117
$201
$130
$231
$135
$231
$150
$249
$162
$249
$180
$273
$198
$273
$220
$431
$234
$431
$260
$554
$270
$554
$300
$658
$360
$658
$400
$841
$540
$841
$600
$908
$630
$908
$700
$964
$630
$964
$700
Sources:
--- MotorUp! Program Evaluation and Market Assessment, Pages 2-8, Prepared for
NEEP Motors Initiative Working Group, Prepared by Xenergy, September 6, 2001
--- 2002 MotorUp! Three-Phase Electric Motor Incentive Application
133
HVAC End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track)
Electric HVAC
Measure Number: II-C-1-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track,
HVAC End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 17
1/1/03
TBD
Referenced Documents: None.
Description
Electric HVAC equipment meeting or exceeding the minimum efficiencies in 2001 Vermont Guidelines for
Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction, including controls and distribution systems.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.6964
Average number of measures per
year
138
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
96.1
Algorithms
The savings for small split system and single package air conditioners and heat pumps (<65,000 BTUh),
excluding room air conditioners PTACs, PTHPs, water source heat pumps and ground source heat pumps,
should be calculated using SEER and HSPF efficiencies and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = kBTU/hr  [(1/SEERbase - 1/SEERee)]  FLHs
kWhh = kBTU/hr  [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)]  FLHw
kWc = kBTU/hr  [(1.1/SEERbase - 1.1/SEERee)]
kWh = kBTU/hr  [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)]
Where:
kWhc
= gross customer annual kWh cooling savings for the measure
kWhh
= gross customer annual kWh heating savings for the measure
kBTU/hr = the nominal rating of the capacity of the A/C or heat pump in kBTU/hr. 1 Ton = 12
kBTU/hr.
SEERbase = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the baseline cooling equipment (BTU/Wh)
SEERee = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient cooling equipment
(BTU/Wh)
FLHs
= cooling full load hours per year
HSPFbase = heating seasonal performance factor of the baseline heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh)
HSPFee = heating seasonal performance factor of the energy efficient heat pump equipment
(BTU/Wh)
FLHw
= heat pump heating full load hours per year
kWc
= gross customer connected load kW savings from cooling for the measure
kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings from heating for the measure
134
The savings for larger air conditioners and heat pumps (65,000 BTUh) and all PTAC’s, PTHP’s, room air
conditioners and water-source and ground-source heat pumps should be calculated using cooling EER
efficiencies and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = kBTU/hrcool  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]  FLHs
kWhh = kBTU/hrheat  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]  FLHw
Demand Savings
kWc = kBTU/hrcool  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]
kWh = kBTU/hrheat  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]
Where:
EERbase = energy efficiency ratio of the baseline equipment (BTUh/W)
EERee = energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient equipment (BTUh/W)
If efficiencies are stated in kW/ton or COP use the following conversions:
EER = 12 / (kW/ton), EER = 3.413  COP
The rating conditions for the baseline and efficient equipment efficiencies must be equivalent.
The chillers should be calculated using cooling kW/ton efficiencies and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = tons  [(IPLVbase - IPLVee)]  FLHs
Demand Savings
kWc = tons  [(PEbase - PEee)]
Where:
IPLVbase = Integrated part load value efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton)
IPLVee = Integrated part load value efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton)
PEbase = Peak efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton)
PEee = Peak efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton)
Savings for HVAC controls and distribution systems are calculated on a custom basis with baseline
technologies established in the Electric HVAC Baseline table. If EVT convinces a customer to switch
technologies, savings would be calculated based on going from a baseline efficiency of the technology the
customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was intending to install an air-cooled heat
pump and EVT convinced them to install a water source heat pump instead, savings would be based on
going from a baseline air cooled heat pump to the actual water source unit installed.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the Act 250 Electric HVAC Baseline table.
High Efficiency
Measure efficiencies should be obtained from customer data. If the efficiencies are missing, but the
manufacturer and model # are available, then refer to the ARI directories. If HSPF is not available, then
estimate as 0.65  SEER.
Operating Hours
Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours, 2200 heating full load hours
for heat pumps less than 65,000 BTUh and using HSPF, 1600 heating full load hours for heat pumps
greater than or equal to 65,000 BTUh and using EER (electric resistance heating may be on for an
additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when calculated savings are
based on EER).
135
PTAC: 830 cooling full load hours, 1640 heat pump heating full load hours (electric resistance heating
would be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when
based on EER)
Water Source Heat Pumps: 2088 cooling full load hours, 2248 heat pump heating full load hours
Room AC: 800 cooling full load hours, 1600 heat pump heating full load hours
Chillers: Site-specific based on engineering estimates.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Application
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Cooling
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
Heating #17
44.3%
37.8%
6.9%
11.0%
Source: Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
0.3%
36.0%
15.3%
37.2%
0.3%
19.3%
Freeridership
Unitary HVAC – 6%
Chillers – 0%
HVAC Economizers 35%
Spillover
Unitary HVAC – 6%
Chillers – 0%
HVAC Economizers 0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Unitary – 15 years.
Chillers – 25 years
Room Air Conditioner – 10 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is determined on a site-specific basis.
Incentive Level
EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure. EVT does, however, pay incentives for electric
HVAC systems that qualify for the Cool Choice Tier 2. Incentives for Cool Choice Tier 2 qualifiers are
paid by the ton. Per ton incentives vary from $73/ton to $92/ton based on the size of the system.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
136
Small Project
Measure
Technology
Size
Sub category or
Peak
Rating
Efficiency
Condition
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unit
Large or Master Plan Project
Integrated
Peak
Part Load
Unit
Unit
Efficiency
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated
Heat Pumps,
Evaporatively
Cooled
(Cooling Mode)
Heat Pumps,
Water Cooled,
Water Source
(Cooling Mode)
GroundwaterSource (Cooling
Mode)
<65,000
BTU/h
Split System &
Single Package
9.3
EER
8.5
EER
9.3
EER
8.5
EER
=>65,000
BTU/h and
<15,000
BTU/h
Split System &
Single Package
10.5
EER
9.7
EER
10.5
EER
9.7
EER
<65,000
BTU/h
86 d(F) Entering
Water
9.3
EER
9.3
EER
=>65,000
BTU/h and
<135,000
BTU/h
86 d(F) Entering
Water
10.5
EER
10.5
EER
<135,000
BHU/h
59 d(F) Entering
Water
11.5
EER
11.5
EER
Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat
Act 250 Electric HVAC Baseline
Small Project
Measure
Technology
Size
Large or Masterplan Project
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Sub category or
Peak
Rating
Unit
Efficiency
Condition
Peak
Efficiency
Unit
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Electrically Operated
Air Conditioner <65,000
Air Cooled
BTU/h
<65,000
BTU/h
=>65,000
BTU/h and
<135,000
BTU/h
=>135,000
BTU/h and
<240,000
BTU/h
=>240,000
BTU/h and
<760,000
BTU/h
Air
Conditioners,
Evaporatively
10.0
SEER
10.0
SEER
Single
Package
9.7
SEER
9.7
SEER
Split System
& Single
Package
8.9
EER
8.3
EER
8.9
EER
8.3
EER
Split System
& Single
Package
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
Split System
& Single
Package
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
8.2
EER
7.5
EER
8.2
EER
7.5
EER
9.3
EER
8.5
EER
9.3
EER
8.5
EER
Split System
Split System
=>760,000
& Single
BTU/h
Package
Split System
<65,000
& Single
BTU/h
Package
137
Cooled
=>65,000
BTU/h and
<135,000
BTU/h
=>135,000
BTU/h and
<760,000
BTU/h
=>760,000
BTU/h
Split System
& Single
Package
10.5
EER
9.7
EER
10.5
EER
9.7
EER
Split System
& Single
Package
9.6
EER
9.0
EER
9.6
EER
9.0
EER
Split System
& Single
Package
9.6
EER
9.0
EER
9.6
EER
9.0
EER
138
Small Project
Measure
Technology
Sub category or
Peak
Rating
Efficiency
Condition
Size
Large or Masterplan Project
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unit
Peak
Efficiency
Unit
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Electrically Operated
Air
Conditioners,
Water Cooled
Condensing
Units, Air
Cooled
Condensing
Units, Water or
Evaporatively
Cooled
<65,000 BTU/h
9.3
EER
8.3
=>65,000 BTU/h and <135,000
BTU/h
10.5
EER
=>135,000 BTU/h and <760,000
BTU/h
9.6
EER
9.0
=>760,000 BTU/h
9.6
EER
=>135,000 BHU/h
9.9
=>135,000 BHU/h
12.9
EER
9.3
EER
8.3
EER
10.5
EER
EER
9.6
EER
9.0
EER
9.0
EER
9.6
EER
9.0
EER
EER
11.0
EER
9.9
EER
11.0
EER
EER
12.9
EER
12.9
EER
12.9
EER
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated
Heat Pumps, Air
Cooled
(Cooling Mode)
<65,000
BTU/h
<65,000
BTU/h
=>65,000
BTU/h and
<15,000
BTU/h
=>135,000
BTU/h and
<240,000
BTU/h
=>240,000
BTU/h and
<760,000
BTU/h
=>760,000
BTU/h
Split System
10.0
SEER
10.0
SEER
Single Package
9.7
SEER
9.7
SEER
Split System &
Single Package
8.9
EER
8.3
EER
8.9
EER
8.3
EER
Split System &
Single Package
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
Split System &
Single Package
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
8.5
EER
7.5
EER
Split System &
Single Package
8.2
EER
7.5
EER
8.2
EER
7.5
EER
Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat
139
Small Project
Measure
Technology
Size
Sub category or
Peak
Rating
Efficiency
Condition
Large or Masterplan Project
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unit
Peak
Efficiency
Unit
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated
<65,000
BTU/h
Split System
(Cooling
Capacity)
<65,000
BTU/h
Single Package
(Cooling
Capacity)
=>65,000
BTU/h and
<135,000 47 d(F) db/43 d(F)
BTU/h
wb Outdoor Air
(Cooling
Capacity)
=>135,000
BTU/h
47 d(F) db/43 d(F)
(Cooling
wb Outdoor Air
Capacity)
Heat Pumps,
<135,000
Water-Cooled,
BHU/h
68 d(F) Entering
Water-Source
(Cooling
Water
(Heating Mode) Capacity)
<135,000
GroundwaterBHU/h
50 d(F) Entering
Source (Heating
(Cooling
Water
Mode)
Capacity)
Heat Pump, Air
Cooled (Heating
Mode)
6.8
HSPF
6.8
HSPF
6.6
HSPF
6.6
HSPF
3.0
COP
3.0
COP
2.9
COP
2.9
COP
4.2
COP
4.2
COP
3.0
COP
3.0
COP
Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat
140
Small Project
Measure
Technology
Sub category or
Peak
Rating
Efficiency
Condition
Size
Unit
Large or Masterplan Project
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Peak
Efficiency
Unit
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Water Chilling Packages, Electrically Operated
Air-Cooled
Chiller, with
Condenser
< 150 Tons
2.7
COP
2.7
COP
2.7
COP
2.8
IPLV
=>150 Tons
Air-Cooled
All
Chiller, without
capacities
Condenser
Water Cooled
Positive
All
Displacement
capacities
(Reciprocating)
Water Cooled
Chiller (all but < 150 Tons
Reciprocating)
2.5
COP
2.5
COP
2.5
COP
2.5
IPLV
3.1
COP
3.1
COP
3.1
COP
3.1
IPLV
3.8
COP
3.9
COP
3.8
COP
3.9
COP
3.8
COP
3.9
COP
3.8
COP
3.9
IPLV
4.2
COP
4.5
COP
4.2
COP
4.5
IPLV
5.2
COP
5.3
COP
5.2
COP
5.3
IPLV
=>150 Tons and <300 Tons
=>300 Tons
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps,
Electrically Operated
PTAC and
PTHP (Cooling
Mode)
All
Capacities
PTHP (Heating
Mode)
All
Capacities
Room Air
Conditioners, w/
Louvered Sides
<6,000
BTU/h
10.0 - (0.16
x Cap
[BTU/h]
/1000)
2.9 - (0.026
x Cap
/1000)
EER
10.0 - (0.16 x
Cap [BTU/h]
/1000)
EER
COP
2.9 - (0.026 x
Cap /1000)
COP
8.0
EER
8.0
EER
=>6,000 BTU/h and <8,000
BTU/h
8.5
EER
8.5
EER
=>8,000 BTU/h and <14,000
BTU/h
9.0
EER
9.0
EER
=>14,000 BTU/h and <20,000
BTU/h
8.8
EER
8.8
EER
=>20,000 BTU/h
8.2
EER
8.2
EER
95 d(F) db
Outdoor Air
Notes
-
Note that the calculation methodology for PTAC/PTHP efficiency is not linear for all capacities. For systems with capacity <=
7 kBtu/h use 7 kBtu/h for calculations. For systems with capacity >=14 kBtu/h use 14 kBtu/h for calculations.
Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat
141
Small Project
Measure
Technology
Sub category or
Peak
Rating
Efficiency
Condition
Size
Large or Masterplan Project
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unit
Peak
Efficiency
Unit
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps,
Electrically Operated
Room Air
Conditioners,
w/out Louvered
Sides
<6,000
BTU/h
8.0
EER
8.0
EER
=>6,000 BTU/h and <20,000
BTU/h
8.5
EER
8.5
EER
=>20,000 BTU/h
8.2
EER
8.2
EER
8.5
EER
8.5
EER
8.0
EER
8.0
EER
Room Air
Conditioner
All
Heat Pumps, w/ Capacities
Louvered Sides
Room Air
Conditioner
All
Heat Pumps,
Capacities
w/out Louvered
Sides
Miscellaneous Controls and Distribution
Systems
Distribution
<10,000 sq.
Systems/
ft.
Controls
>10,000 sq.
ft.
<10,000 sq.
Economizers
ft.
>10,000 sq.
ft.
No VAV, EMS or DDC. Straight thermostats. All else custom.
All measures custom
All measures custom
Fixed Dampers
Dry-bulb control
Fixed Dampers
Dry-bulb control
Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat
142
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Act 250 Guidelines
Split
<65,000 Btu/hr
c
Air Conditioners: Minimum Efficiencya
Air Cooled
Water and evaporatively cooled
Single pkg
Split
Single pkg
10.0 SEER
9.7 SEER
12.1 EER
10.3 EERb
>65,000 and
<135,000 Btu/hr
>135,000 and
<240,000 Btu/hr
>240,000 and
<760,000 Btu/hr
>760,000 Btu/hr
11.5 EERb
9.7 EERb
11.0 EERb
9.5 EERb
9.7 IPLVb
9.2 EERb
9.4 IPLVb
11.0 EERb
10.3 IPLVb
a
IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation
Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat
c Single Phase air-cooled ac <65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER values
b
Act 250 Guidelines
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps: Minimum Efficiency
Water Source
Cooling mode
Heating mode
Cooling capacity
86o entering
water
<17,000 Btu/hr
11.2 EER
>17,000 and
<135,000 Btu/hr
12.0 EER
Groundwater Source
Cooling mode
Heating mode
68o entering water
59o entering water
50o entering water
4.2 COP
16.2 EER
3.6 COP
143
Act 250 Guidelines
Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
Small Project
Measure
Technology
Size
Sub category or
Peak
Rating
Efficiency
Condition
Unit
Large or Masterplan Project
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Peak
Efficiency
Unit
Integrated
Part Load
Unit
Efficiency
(IPLV)
Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Electrically Operated
Condensing
Units, Air
Cooled
Condensing
Units, Water or
Evaporatively
Cooled
=>135,000 BHU/h
10.1
EER
11.2
EER
10.1
EER
11.2
EER
=>135,000 BHU/h
13.1
EER
13.1
EER
13.1
EER
13.1
EER
Act 250 Guidelines
Heat Pumps
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps
Minimum Efficiency Requirements, All Capacities
New b
Replacement b
PTAC
Cooling modea
PTHP
Cooling Modea
PTHP
Heating mode c
12.5-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER
10.9-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER
12.3-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER
10.8-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER
3.2-(0.026 x Cap/1000) COP
2.9-(0.026 x Cap/1000) COP
Notes
a 95o db Outdoor Air Rating Condition
b Note that the calculation methodology for PTAC/PTHP efficiency is not linear for all capacities. For systems
with capacity <= 7 kBtu/h use 7 kBtu/h for calculations. For systems with capacity >=14 kBtu/h use 14 kBtu/h for
calculations.
144
Act 250 Guidelines
Cooling capacity
<65,000 Btu/hrc
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Air Cooled: Minimum Efficiencya
Cooling Mode
Heating Mode
Split
Single pkg
Split
Single pkg
10.0 SEER
>65,000 and
<135,000 Btu/hr
>135,000 and
<240,000 Btu/hr
>240,000 Btu/hr
9.7 SEER
10.1 EERb
6.8 HSPF
6.6 HSPF
3.2 COP
9.3 EERb
3.1 COP
9.0 EERb
9.2 IPLVb
a
IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation
Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat
c Single Phase air-cooled heat pumps <65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER and HSPF values
Note: rating condition for air-source heat pumps is 47d(F) db/ 43d(F) wb Outdoor Air.
b
Electrically Operated Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements: Guidelines
Equipment Type
Size Category
Minimum Efficiency
Air Cooled, w/ condenser
All Capacities
2.80 COP
2.80 IPLV
Air Cooled, w/out condenser
All Capacities
Water Cooled, positive displacement
(Reciprocating)
Water Cooled, positive displacement
(Rotary Screw and Scroll)
All Capacities
< 150 Ton
>= 150 and < 300 Ton
>= 300 Ton
Water Cooled, centrifugal
< 150 Ton
>= 150 and < 300 Ton
>= 300 Ton
145
3.10 COP
3.10 IPLV
4.20 COP
4.65 IPLV
4.45 COP
4.50 IPLV
4.90 COP
4.95 IPLV
5.50 COP
5.60 IPLV
5.00 COP
5.00 IPLV
5.55 COP
5.55 IPLV
6.10 COP
6.10 IPLV
Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing
Measure Number: II-C-2-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
8/27/00
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: Neal, C. Leon, Field Adjusted SEER [SEERFA] Residential Buildings:
Technologies, Design and Performance Analysis, Proceedings of the 1998 American Council for an Energy
Efficiency Economy Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 1, 1998, ACEEE, pp. 1.2031.205.
Description
This algorithm applies to proper HVAC sizing performed by participants in the CEO Comprehensive
Track.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
1.0
Average number of measures per
year
6
Gross MWH savings per year
6
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.05  BTUh/EER/1,000  FLH
Demand Savings
N/A
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
BTUh
EER
= output capacity of the installed HVAC equipment (BTU/hour)
= efficiency of the installed HVAC equipment (energy efficiency ratio — BTU
output/watt input)
= annual full load hours of the HVAC equipment (hours). See Operating Hours below.
FLH
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline assumes average size cooling equipment specified is 25% larger capacity than actual cooling
loads.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is proper sizing of cooling equipment based on calculated cooling loads, as
required for participation in the CEO Comprehensive Track
Operating Hours
Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours. For chillers, FLH will be
estimated on a site-specific basis.
146
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Motor
Winter Winter Summer
Summer
Application
Peak Off-Peak Peak
Off-Peak
Cooling (#15a
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
/#20a)
Peak as % of calculated kW
savings (CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
0.3%
80.0%
40.2%
Source: Vermont State Screening Tool (originally GMP Screening Tool)
Freeridership120
0%
Spillover
N/A
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Same as the lifetime for the HVAC equipment. 15 years for split systems and package units. 25 years for
chillers.
Measure Cost
There is an incremental savings associated with proper sizing. Savings are site specific, but because “costs”
are negative, the measure is always cost-effective and will not be individually screened.
Incentive Level
Incentive levels for CEO Comprehensive Track participants are based on compliance with all program
track requirements. Prescriptive incentives are provided for HVAC and lighting measures. There is no
additional incentive provided for proper sizing.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
There are no reference tables for this measure.
120
The baseline of 25% oversizing represents average baseline. Therefore freeridership is 0%.
147
Hot Water End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track)
Efficient Hot Water Heater
Measure Number: II-D-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: None
Description
Fossil-fuel hot water heater.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures per
year
N/A
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Algorithms
Energy Savings
MMBTU = kBTUSFwload  SF  EFbase  [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000
Where:
MMBTU = gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure
kBTUSFwload = annual building water heating energy use in kBtu per building square foot. Refer to
the Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type table.
SF
= Building square feet
EFbase = Baseline water heating equipment efficiency
EFeffic = Efficient water heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline equipment
efficiency rating)
1000
= Conversion factor from kBtu to MMBtu.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline assumes no electric DHW. If electric is proposed, will calculate as custom measure. If not using
residential style, tank-type unit121, then will use custom calculation based on customer-specific plans. Refer
to the Act 250 Hot Water Baseline table.
High Efficiency
A residential-style hot water heater meeting or exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency
Commercial Construction
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
Freeridership
0%
121
Based on NAECA definition: <=75,000 Btu/h for gas, <=105,000 Btu/h for oil.
148
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime varies based on equipment.
Stand-alone oil: 10 years
Stand-alone gas: 13 years
Stand-alone kerosene: 15 years
Indirect-fired storage tank: 15 years
Instantaneous water heater: 13 years
Analysis period is dependent on equipment type and consistent with equipment lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific.
Incentive Level
EVT does not pay incentives for this measure.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBTU = kBTUSFwload  SF  EFbase  [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Retail
Health
Grocery
Restaurant
Warehouse
Other
kBtu per Square Foot of Building
6.7
5.9
15.2
14.7
41.0
2.8
Site specific
Source: Gas DSM and Fuel-Switching Opportunities and Experiences, NYSERDA, Table 4-8. Values used are for
upstate New York.
149
Domestic Hot Water
Act 250 Hot Water Baseline
All Projects (Small and Large)
Efficiency**
Unit
0.62 - (0.0019 x Rated Storage
Energy Factor
Volume in gallons)
Measure/Technology
Gas Tank-type Water Heater*
Oil Tank-type Water Heater*
0.59 - (0.0019 x Rated Storage
Volume in gallons)
Energy Factor
Notes:
* residential style, tank-type unit based on NAECA definition: <=75,000 Btu/h for gas, <=105,000 Btu/h for oil.
** VT is the storage volume in gallons as measured during the standby loss test. For the purposes of eliminating standby
loss requirement using the rated volume shown on the rating plate, V T should be no less than 0.95V for gas and oil water
heaters and no less than 0.90V for electric water heaters.
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Act 250 Guidelines for Performance of Water-Heating Equipment
V Ta
Category
Type
Fuel
Input
Input to
Rating
(gallons) VT Ratio
(Btuh/gal)
NAECAcovered
waterheating
equipment c
Other
waterheating
equipmentd
Energy
Factor b
Storage
Gas
<=75,000
Btu/h
Alle
---
>=0.620.0019V*
Instantaneous
Gas
All
---
Storage
Oil
All
---
Instantaneous
Oil
<=200,00
0 Btu/he
<=105,00
0 Btu/h
<=210,00
0 Btu/h
All
---
Storage /
Instantaneous
Gas /
Oil
All
All
<4,000
<4,000
>=0.620.0019V*
>=0.590.0019V*
>=0.590.0019V*
-----
<10
>=10
>=4,000
>=4,000
>155,000
Btu/h
<=155,00
0 Btu/h
---
Thermal
Efficiency
Et
(percent)
-------->= 78%
>= 78%
>= 80%
>= 77%
Notes:
a V is the storage volume in gallons as measured during the standby loss test. For the purposes of eliminating standby
T
loss requirement using the rated volume shown on the rating plate, V T should be no less than 0.95V for gas and oil
water heaters and no less than 0.90V for electric water heaters.
b V is rated storage volume in gallons as specified by the manufacturer.
c Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987.
d All except those hot water heaters covered by NAECA.
e Applies to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes 20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters
with input ranges of 50,000 to 200,000 Btu/h.
* Minimum efficiencies marked with an asterisk are established by preemptive federal law and are printed for the
convenience of the user.
150
Space Heating End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track)
Efficient Space Heating Equipment
Measure Number: II-E-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track,
Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel-switching Opportunities and Experiences, 1994,
NYPP.
Description
Fossil fuel space heating equipment.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures per
year
N/A
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Algorithms
Energy Savings
MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload  SF  ηbase  [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)]
Where:
MMBTU= gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure
MMBTUSFhload = annual building space heating energy use in MMBTU per square foot = 0.072
(from NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel Switching Opportunities & Experiences,
1994, NYPP estimate for upstate NY, average of offices & retail)
SF
= Building heated square feet
ηbase
= Baseline space heating equipment efficiency
ηeffic
= Efficient space heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline equipment
efficiency rating)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
If EVT convinces a customer to switch technologies, savings would be calculated based on the baseline
efficiency of the technology the customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was
intending to install a warm air unit heater and EVT convinced them to install an infrared radiant heater
instead, savings would be based on going from a baseline warm air unit heater to the actual infrared radiant
heater efficiency. Refer to the Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline table.
High Efficiency
Space heating equipment meeting or exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial
Construction.
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
151
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime varies based on equipment type.
Boilers: 25 years
Furnaces: 20 years
Room space heaters: 15 years
Analysis period is same as lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific.
Incentive Level
EVT does not pay incentives for this measure.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload  SF  ηbase  [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)]
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline
Warm Air Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired
< 225,000 BTU
>225,000 BTU
Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired
All Capacities
Warm Air Unit Furnaces
Gas-Fired, All Capacities
Oil-Fired, All Capacities
78% AFUE
80% Et
80.0 % Ec*
80.0 % Ec*
80.0 % Ec*
* indicates values lowered to the 2001 Vermont Guideline efficiencies to prevent possible negative
savings
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline
Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Minimum Efficiency Requirements
<300,000 Btu/h
>300,000 and
<2,500,000 Btu/h
Gas-Fired
Hot Water
Steam
80% AFUE
75% AFUE
80% AFUE
75% Et*
78% Et*
Oil-Fired
Gas-Fired
Oil-Fired
152
>2,500,000 Btu/h
Gas-Fired
Oil-Fired
80% Ec
83% Ec
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline
Boilers, Oil-Fired Residual Minimum Efficiency Requirements
>300,000 and
78% Et*
<2,500,000 Btu/h
>2,500,000 Btu/h
83% Ec
* indicates values lowered to the 2001 Vermont Guideline efficiencies to prevent possible negative savings
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines
Warm Air Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired
< 225,000 BTU
78% AFUE
>225,000 BTU
80.00 % Et
Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired
All Capacities
80.00 % Ec
Warm Air Unit Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired
All Capacities
80.00 % Ec
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines
Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Minimum Efficiency Requirements
<300,000 Btu/h
>300,000 and
<2,500,000 Btu/h
>2,500,000 Btu/h
Gas-Fired
Hot Water
Steam
80% AFUE
75% AFUE
80% AFUE
75% Et
78% Et
80% Ec
83% Ec
Oil-Fired
Gas-Fired
Oil-Fired
Gas-Fired
Oil-Fired
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines
Boilers, Oil-Fired Residual Minimum Efficiency Requirements
>300,000 and
78% Et
<2,500,000 Btu/h
>2,500,000 Btu/h
83% Ec
153
Envelope
Measure Number: II-E-2-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track,
Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor
Determination”
Description
Building envelope components with R-values meeting or exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy
Efficiency Commercial Construction.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0475
Average number of measures per
year
4
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0.1898
Algorithms
The savings for windows and glass door assemblies, roof assemblies, above-grade wall assemblies,
skylights, and floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space should be calculated using effective wholeassembly R-values and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
MMBTU = HDD  24  A  [(1/Rbase - 1/Reffic)] / η / 106
Where:
MMBTU = gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure
HDD
= heating degree days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis
(4400 typical HDD for high development areas in Vermont, using 50 degree F base
temperature)
24
= hours/day
A
= area of increased insulation
Rbase
= baseline effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value (hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)122
Reffic
= efficient effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value
(hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)1
η
= space heating system efficiency including distribution losses
106
= conversion from BTU to MMBTU
The savings for slab insulation and below-grade walls are calculated on a custom basis with baseline
technologies established in the Act 250 Envelope Baseline table.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the Act 250 Envelope Baseline table.
High Efficiency
Building envelope meeting or exceeding the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial
Construction.
122
Effective whole-assembly thermal resistance values are defined as the R-values for the whole assembly calculated
according to ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determination”
154
Operating Hours
Heating degree-days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable.
Freeridership
50%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
30 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific.
Incentive Level
EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBTU = HDD  24  A  [(1/Rbase - 1/Reffic)] / η / 106
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
155
Reference Tables
Act 250 Baselines
Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline
Roof Assemblies
All wood joist/truss - Continuous
insulation
All wood joist/truss - Insulation
between framing
Metal joist/truss - Continuous
insulation
Metal joist/truss - Insulation
between framing
Concrete slab or deck - Continuous
insulation
Metal purlin w/ thermal block Continuous insulation
Metal purlin w/ thermal block Insulation between framing
Metal purlin w/o thermal block Continuous insulation
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0 – 10%
10 – 50%
Nominal
Effective WholeNominal
Effective WholeInsulation R-value Assembly R-value Insulation R-value Assembly R-value
R-19
R-19.6
R-23
R-23.8
R-38
R-37
R-38
R-37
R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
R-38
R-28.6
R-38
R-28.6
R-19
R-19.6
R-23
R-23.8
R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
R-30
R-19.6
R-30
R-19.6
R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
R-10
R-5 under slab, perimeter
Below grade wall (R-Value)
Heated (radiant) slab
Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0-25%
25-40%
40-50%
Windows and Glass Door
Assemblies
PF < 0.25
0.25 < PF < 0.50
PF > 0.50 or north-oriented
R-Value
U-factor
R-Value
U-factor
R-Value
U-factor
1.9
1.9
1.9
0.53
0.53
0.53
1.9
1.9
1.9
0.53
0.53
0.53
1.9
1.9
1.9
0.53
0.53
0.53
156
Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline
Above-grade walls
Framed - Metal framing
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0 – 40%
40 – 50%
Nominal
Nominal
Effective
Nominal
Nominal
Effective
Framing
Continuous
WholeFraming
Continuous
WholeInsulation
Insulation Assembly Insulation
Insulation
Assembly
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-13
R-0
R-8.1
R-13
R-0
R-8.1
Framed - Wood framing
R-19
R-0
R-14.9
R-19
R-0
R-14.9
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation No framing
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Metal framing
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Wood framing
Other masonry walls - No framing
NA
R-5
R-8.3
NA
R-5
R-8.3
R-11
R-0
R-7.3
R-11
R-0
R-7.3
R-11
R-0
R-12.1
R-11
R-0
R-12.1
NA
R-5
R-7.6
NA
R-5
R-7.6
Other masonry walls - Metal framing
R-11
R-0
R-6.6
R-11
R-0
R-6.6
Other masonry walls - Wood framing
R-11
R-0
R-11.4
R-11
R-0
R-11.4
Metal buildings
R-19
R-0
R-14.3
R-19
R-0
R-14.3
Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
R-Valueall
Uall
Skylights
Skylight w/curb, Glass, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
2.1 – 5.0%
Skylight w/curb, Plastic, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
2.1 – 5.0%
Skylight w/curb, All, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
2.1 – 5.0%
157
1.7
1.7
0.60
0.60
1.7
1.7
0.60
0.60
1.7
1.7
0.58
0.58
Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline
Floors over outdoor air or
unconditioned space
All wood joist/truss - Continuous
insulation
All wood joist/truss - Insulation
between framing
Metal joist/truss - Continuous
insulation
Metal joist/truss - Insulation between
framing
Concrete slab or deck - Continuous
insulation
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
Nominal Insulation R-value
Effective Whole-Assembly Rvalue
R-27
R-30.6
R-30
R-30.3
R-24
R-26.8
R-30
R-26.3
R-22
R-25.3
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0 – 10%
10 – 50%
Nominal
Effective WholeNominal
Effective WholeRoof Assemblies
Insulation R-value Assembly R-value Insulation R-value Assembly R-value
All wood joist/truss - Continuous
R-19
R-19.6
R-23
R-23.8
insulation
All wood joist/truss - Insulation
R-38
R-37
R-38
R-37
between framing
Metal joist/truss - Continuous
R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
insulation
Metal joist/truss - Insulation
R-38
R-28.6
R-38
R-28.6
between framing
Concrete slab or deck - Continuous
R-19
R-19.6
R-23
R-23.8
insulation
Metal purlin w/ thermal block R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
Continuous insulation
Metal purlin w/ thermal block R-30
R-19.6
R-30
R-19.6
Insulation between framing
Metal purlin w/o thermal block R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
Continuous insulation
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
Slab or below grade wall (R-Value)
Heated (radiant) slab
R-10
R-10 under slab, perimeter
158
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0 – 40%
40 – 50%
Nominal
Nominal
Effective
Nominal
Nominal
Effective
Framing
Continuous
WholeFraming
Continuous
WholeAbove-grade walls
Insulation
Insulation Assembly Insulation
Insulation
Assembly
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
Framed - Metal framing
R-19
R-3
R-12.2
R-19
R-13
R-22.2
Framed - Wood framing
R-19
R-0
R-14.9
R-19
R-3
R-18.5
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation No framing
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Metal framing
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Wood framing
Other masonry walls - No framing
NA
R-5
R-8.3
NA
R-5
R-8.3
R-11
R-0
R-7.3
R-11
R-0
R-7.3
R-11
R-0
R-12.1
R-11
R-0
R-12.1
NA
R-5
R-7.6
NA
R-5
R-7.6
Other masonry walls - Metal framing
R-11
R-3
R-10.1
R-11
R-3
R-10.1
Other masonry walls - Wood framing
Metal buildings
R-11
R-19
R-0
R-0
R-11.4
R-14.3
R-11
R-19
R-0
R-0
R-11.4
R-14.3
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
Skylights
SHGCall
Uall
Skylight w/curb, Glass, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
0.68
0.60
2.1 – 5.0%
0.49
0.60
Skylight w/curb, Plastic, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
0.71
0.60
2.1 – 5.0%
0.71
0.60
Skylight w/curb, All, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
0.49
0.58
2.1 – 5.0%
0.49
0.58
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space
All wood joist/truss - Continuous insulation
All wood joist/truss - Insulation between framing
Metal joist/truss - Continuous insulation
Metal joist/truss - Insulation between framing
Concrete slab or deck - Continuous insulation
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
Nominal Insulation R-value
Effective Whole-Assembly R-value
R-27
R-30.6
R-30
R-30.3
R-24
R-26.8
R-30
R-26.3
R-22
R-25.3
159
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0-25%
25-40%
40-50%
Windows and Glass Door
SHGC
U-factor
SHGC U-factor SHGC U-factor
Assemblies
PF < 0.25
0.46
0.47
0.36
0.40
0.32
0.40
0.25 < PF < 0.50
0.55
0.47
0.50
0.40
0.48
0.40
PF > 0.50 or north-oriented
0.64
0.47
0.64
0.40
0.64
0.40
160
Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP)
Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: III-A-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/20/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculate kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
Indoor
Lighting (#1)
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
27.7%
5.8%
per hour
of daily
burn time
3.1%
per hour
of daily
burn time
5.6%
per hour
of daily
burn time
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
161
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used.
O&M Savings
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference table.
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
CFL Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lifetime Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lifetime Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
CFL O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
O&M Savings
$1.43
$2.82
$4.21
$5.60
$6.13
$6.61
$8.15
$8.37
$8.51
$8.89
162
Lighting
Measure Number: III-A-2-c (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective Date: 12/01/01
End Date:
TBD
Description
The list below shows assumed fixture replacements by location/function. These are based on REEP's
historical recommendations and reported installations. Energy-saving hardwired fixtures are used in all
areas: within residential units, exterior residential applications, exterior common lighting, and interior
common area lighting. Controls (timers, sensors, and photocells) are used to optimize performance and
minimize energy usage. Measures apply to REEP prescriptive track.
Lighting Fixtures: Common Areas-controlled
Average Daily Burntimes in Hours
(for fixture installation, prior to controls)
Location/Function
High Efficiency Measure
and Baseline
Cost
EVT Measure
Code
Exterior Building
1x70w MH replace 2x150w
incandescent
Exterior Entry
1x22w PL replace 1x100w
LFHCEFIX
incandescent
Indoor Hall/Stairway
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
1x75w incandescent
Corridor
1x32w T8 w/reflector
LFHLRT08
replace 2x40w T12
Exit Lighting
LED replace 2x15w
LFHESLED
incandescent
Laundry/common areas
1x32w T8 w/reflector
LFHLRT08
replace 2x40w T12
Controls
occupancy sensor/dual level
LECOCCUP
light
Lighting Fixtures: Apartment-resident controlled
Exterior Entry
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
LFHCNFIX
incandescent
Entry Hall/Stairway
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
LFHCNFIX
incandescent
Bathroom overhead
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
1x75w incandescent
Bathroom vanity
2x17w T8 replace
LFHLFT08
4x60w incandescent
Kitchen overhead
1x32w T8 w/reflector
LFHLRT08
replace 3x60w incandescent
Kitchen task
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
1x60w incandescent
Living room
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
2x60w incandescent
Dining area
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
2x60w incandescent
Bedroom
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
2x60w incandescent
LFHHDMHN
Elderly
Housing
Family Housing
$200
12
12
920
$35
12
12
333
$35
24
24
333
$20
24
24
526
$30
24
24
250
$20
8
12
240
$100
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
430
$35
3
3
49
$35
2
3
45
$35
1
3
34
$35
1
3
186
$35
4
6
292
$35
2
3
23
$35
3
5
136
$35
5
5
151
$50
1
3
75
Incremental Costs per Unit
Average incremental cost per installed fixture is presented in the table above. Costs are based on data from
the REEP project database.
163
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
KWH
SAVINGS
Savings Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = W x HOURS/1000
Demand Savings
kW = (kWh /HOURS)
Where: W
= wattage difference between fixtures, including ballast wattages, which ranges from 2
to 20 watts, depending on fixture type
kWh = annual customer kWh savings per installed fixture, CFL, or control
ballast wattage = 2 to 5 watts depending on fixture
HOURS = average hours of use per year
kW
= customer connected load kW savings per installed fixture, CFL, or control for the
measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline conditions are fixtures with incandescent or T-12 lamps, as specified in table above for each
location/function.
High Efficiency
High-efficiency are fixtures with compact fluorescent or T-8 lamps or LED for exit signage.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
19.7% 13.0%
28.9%
Summer
Off-Peak
27.7%
38.3%
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Indoor #1
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
Outdoor #2
11.4%
5.5 %
11.2 %
24 hour (flat)
22.0% 11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
#25
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor and outdoor lighting load
shapes).
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Fixtures: Fixture lifetime is 20 years, remaining consistent with previous REEP program reporting and
screening (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period used by REEP
is consistent with 20-year life of fixture.
Controls: Control lifetime is 10 years, remaining consistent with previous REEP program reporting and
screening. Analysis period used by REEP is consistent with 10-year life of control mechanism.
Fluorescent Replacement Lamp and Ballast: Fluorescent fixture ballast and lamp lifetimes are a
function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most ballasts and CFLs have rated lifetimes of 40,000
and 10,000 hours respectively. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter
lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. This is accounted for in fixture
screening analysis through degradation factors outlined in Reference Table A. Lives of specific lamps and
ballasts, Reference Table B, are determined using this in-use factor.
164
Lamp and Ballast Annual O&M Savings1
Common
Area-control
EVT
Measure Code
LFHHDMHN
LFHCEFIX
LFHCRFIX
Location/
Function
Exterior
Building
Exterior Entry
LFHLRT08
Indoor
Hallway/
Stairway
Corridor
LFHESLED
Exit Lighting
LFHLRT08
Laundry/
Common Areas
Controls
LECOCCUP
High Efficiency
Measure and Baseline
1x70w MH replace
2x150w incandescent
1x22w PL replace
1x100w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
1x75w incandescent
1x32w T8 w/reflector
replace 2x40w T12
LED replace 2x15w
incandescent
1x32w T8 w/reflector
replace 2x40w T12
Occupancy sensor/dual
level light
165
Annual O&M
Savings
$11.63
$13.10
$29.95
$2.21
$42.55
$1.12
N/A
ResidentControlled
EVT
Measure Code
LFHCNFIX
Location/
Function
Exterior Entry
LFHCNFIX
Entry Hall /
Stairs
Bathroom
Overhead
Bathroom
Vanity
Kitchen
Overhead
LFHCRFIX
LFHLFT08
LFHLRT08
LFHCRFIX
Kitchen Task
LFHCRFIX
Living Room
LFHCRFIX
Dining Area
LFHCRFIX
Bedroom
High Efficiency Measure
and Baseline
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
incandescent
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
1x75w incandescent
2x17w T8 replace 4x60w
incandescent
1x32w T8 w/reflector
replace 3x60w
incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
1x60w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
2x60w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
2x60w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
2x60w incandescent
Annual O&M
Savings
$2.76
$2.23
$3.08
$13.37
$18.20
$2.33
$9.44
$10.59
$4.81
1=
Savings based on measure costs and lives established in Reference Table B, see below. All savings based on a
blended average of family and elderly use patterns. Blend based on REEP program reporting (74% family, 26%
elderly).
Reference Tables
A. Fluorescent Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Note:
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
The values above are determined using a standard lamp rated at 10,000 hours and a standard ballast rated at
40,000. Lives of lamps and ballasts with rated lives other than 10,000 hours and 40,000 hours, respectively,
were determined by factoring off the values displayed above.
166
B. Lamp and Ballast O & M Cost Assumptions
EVT Code/
Name
(Setting)2
Baseline
Measure3
Comp 15
6
LFHHDMHN
Exterior
LFHCEFIX
Exterior Entry
LFHCRFIX
Interior Hall
LFHLRT08
Corridor
LFHESLED
Exit Sign
LFHLRT08
Laundry
LFHCNFIX/
Exterior
LFHCNFIX/
Entry
LFHCRFIX/
Bath OH
LFHLFT08/
Bath Van
LFHLRT08/
Kitchen OH
LFHCRFIX/
Kitchen Task
LFHCRFIX/
Living Rm
LFHCRFIX/
Dining Area
LFHCRFIX/
Bedroom
2=
3=
4=
5=
6
=
7=
Life
0.5 yr
(2000)
0.17 yr
(750)
0.09 yr
(750)
2.74 yr
(24,000)
0.23 yr
(2000)
6.00 yr
(24,000)
0.91 yr
(10000)
1.00 yr
(1000)
0.83 yr
(750)
1.10 yr
(1000)
0.5 yr
(1000)
1.00 yr
(1000)
0.61 yr
(1000)
0.55 yr
(1000)
1.10 yr
(1000)
Efficient
Comp 2
Comp 1
7
Cost
$15
Life
N/A
Cost
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$10
5.84 yr
(48,000)
N/A
$10
$10
$10
Measure4
N/A
$3
12.00 yr
(48,000)
N/A
$20
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$16
N/A
N/A
$10
N/A
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$6
N/A
N/A
$6
N/A
N/A
$6
N/A
N/A
Life
2.28 yr
(10,000)
2.74 yr
(12,000)
1.64 yr
(14,400)
2.74 yr
(24,000)
57.08 yr
(500,000)
6.00 yr
(24,000)
6.93 yr
(7,000)
5.00 yr
(5,000)
6.63 yr
(6,000)
11.05 yr
(10,000)
9.5 yr
(19,000)
6.00 yr
(6,000)
6.6 yr
(10,800)
6.25 yr
(11,400)
6.63 yr
(6,000)
Comp 2
Cost
$37
$14
$6
$6
$50
$6
$5
$5
$6
$11
$6
$6
$6
$6
$6
Life
9.13 yr
(40,000)
10.96 yr
(48,000)
5.48 yr
(48,000)
9.59 yr
(84,000)
N/A
Cost
$127
21.00 yr
(84,000)
25.57 yr
(28,000)
20.00 yr
(20,000)
22.09 yr
(20,000)
38.67 yr
(35,000)
33.25 yr
(66,500)
20.00 yr
(20,000)
22.02 yr
(36,000)
28.82 yr
(38,000)
22.09 yr
(20,000)
$35
Refers to the EVT measure code and measure description/name. (F) refers to family facility. (E) refers
to elderly facility. No notation indicates the measure applies to both family and elderly facilities.
Refers to the measure to be replaced.
Refers to the efficient product being introduced.
Component 1 refers to the lamp of the respective measure. Component 2 refers to the ballast of the
respective measure.
Refers to the life of the indicated component. Life in years (life in hours).
Refers to the cost of the indicated component. Costs are based on REEP project experience and
research at area lighting suppliers. Costs include installation labor charges: $2.67 per lamp
replacement and $12.50 per ballast replacement consistent with REEP project reporting.
167
$23
$29
$35
N\A
$18
$18
$29
$46
$35
$29
$29
$29
$29
CFL Lighting Package Reinstall
Measure Number: III-A-3-a (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
10/31/01
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: none
Description
A three-lamp CFL lighting kit is offered to tenants in buildings that have been served by REEP.
Lighting kits coupons are provided by the property manager to new tenants who send coupons in to
program staff. Two lighting kits are available: bright lighting kit and variety lighting kit. The variety
lighting kit is designed for normal household use. The bright lighting kit is designed for use in elderly
housing or in other applications where brighter lighting is required.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Variety Kit
Bright Kit
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
.1989
.2295
Average number of measures per
year
50
100
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
9.9
22.9
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 198.9 (variety kit)
kWh = 229.5 (bright kit)
Demand Savings
kW = .1362 (variety kit)
kW = .1572 (bright kit)
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
HOURS = annual hours of use per year
HOURS = 1372123
ISR
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
ISR
= .9
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline efficiency is an incandescent lamp. For the variety lighting kit 124, incandescent bulbs with the
following wattages are assumed to be baseline: 60, 75 and 85. For the bright lighting kit, three 85-watt
incandescent bulbs are assumed to be baseline.
High Efficiency
The High efficiency is a CFL lamp. Each measure includes three lamps. The variety lighting kit includes
one lamp at each wattage: 15, 20 and 23. The bright lighting kit includes three 85-watt CFLs.
123
Annual hours of use per year based on 3.76 hours of use per day. Daily usage based on REEP project reporting for
CFL direct install measure. This use rate is based on the assumption that CFL re-install will go into same locations.
124 The variety lighting kit comes with 3 CFLs with wattages: 15, 20 and 23. These lamps are assumed to replace
incandescent bulbs with the following wattages respectively: 60, 75, 85.
168
Operating Hours
1372 hours per year,
3.76 hours per day
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential #1 28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
27.7%
Peak as % of connected kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
23%
12%
22%
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6.2 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Lifetime based on life of CFL. CFL life is rated by hours of
use per day. (See table below)
Measure Cost
The cost for the variety kit is $20.48 and $25.48125.
The cost for the bright kit is $21.48 and $26.48.
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.81. (See reference table
below.)
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
125
Two costs are give for each kit for two levels of incentive. The first cost listed for each kit is the cost of the measure
and shipping. The second cost listed for each kit include a five dollar incentive paid to the building manager for each
unit registered in the program. This five-dollar incentive is included in program design to encourage property
managers who would otherwise have no incentive to inform tenant of the program.
169
Reference Tables
A. Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Note:
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
The values above are determined using a standard lamp rated at 10,000 hours. Lives of lamps with rated
lives other than 10,000 hours were determined by factoring off the values displayed above.
B. Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Variety Kit
Lamps (3)
Bright Kit
Lamps (3)
126
Efficient Measures
Cost
Life126
$16.25
6.2 years
$17.25
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.50
Life
0.7 years
$1.50
0.7 years
6.2 years
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
170
Clothes Washing End Use
Clothes Dryer
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: III-B-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Clothes Washing End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
1/12/00
9/5/01
TBD
EVT Measure Codes: OTFYNPROP; OTFYNNGAS
Description
Install commercial-grade propane- or natural gas-fired clothes dryer instead of electric clothes dryer in
central on-site laundry facility. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track.
Incremental Cost per Dryer
Incremental cost per dryer is $375 (including cost of gas hook-up). This estimate is based on REEP
judgement informed by past experience.
Algorithms
Energy Savings127
kWh = 942 kWh
MMBtu = -3.38 MMBtu 128 (negative indicates increase in fuel consumption)
Demand Savings
kW = 4.5 kW129 (max kW per REEP project screening)
Where:
kWh
942
MMBtu
-3.38
kW
4.5
= weighted average130 annual kWh savings per dryer per residential unit
= weighted average customer kWh savings per dryer per residential unit for measure
= weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per dryer per residential unit in MMBtu (million
Btu)
= weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel increase per dryer per residential unit for
measure
= weighted average connected load kW savings per dryer
= weighted average customer kW savings per dryer for measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is an electric dryer used in conjunction with a standard top-loading clothes washer.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a propane or natural gas dryer used in conjunction with a standard top-loading clothes
washer.
127
Savings are per dryer per residential unit, so that if dryer serves two residential units, savings are doubled; if dryer
serves three residential units, savings are tripled. Savings are for heating only – see footnote 4 below.
128 Assumes 95% combustion efficiency for gas dryer (per 6/01 agreement between EVT and DPS) and 100%
efficiency for electric dryer.
129 Considers only demand savings related to heating as fuel switch is directly related to heat production. Energy used
to power motor for tumbling is assumed to remain constant between similar models using different heating fuels.
Assumption based on REEP project reporting 2000-2001.
130 Weighted average of occupancy type (74% family and 26% elderly) based on REEP project experience.
171
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Washer #9
34.2%
3.7%
42.0%
20.1%
7.3%
5.4%
6.1%
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool clothes washing load shape #9.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
14 years (same as for clothes washers in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is 30 years (fuel switch).
172
ENERGY STAR Commercial Clothes Washer
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: III-B-2-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Clothes Washing End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 25
1/1/04
TBD
EVT Measure Code: CKLCWASH
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
Description
Install in central onsite laundry facility a commercial-grade clothes washer meeting minimum qualifying
efficiency standards established under ENERGY STAR Program with an MEF >=1.42. Measure applies to
multifamily prescriptive Comprehensive Track.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh
=
NumUnits  kWhsave / NumWashers
Where:
kWh
NumUnits
kWhsave
NumWashers
= gross annual customer kWh savings per clothes washer for the measure
= number of residential units served by the central laundry facility
= annual customer kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a top-loading commercial-grade clothes washer.
High Efficiency
High-efficiency is defined as any commercial-grade clothes washer meeting Energy Star standards –
currently with an MEF of at least 1.42 or higher. EVT’s energy and water savings estimates are based on
the weighted average MEF factor for Energy Star qualifying models based on the residential models
rebated during the previous calendar year. This is presumed to be a conservative estimate because the
commercial-grade washers meeting Energy Star standards that are on the market have a higher average
MEF than the Residential-grade washers meeting Energy Star standards that are on the market.
Operating Cycles
271 clothes washer cycles / year 131
Loadshape
Loadshape #9, Residential Clothes Washing, Vermont State Screening Tool.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
131
Weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year. Based on average washer cycles per year by household
size from U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for
Consumer Products: Clothes Washers, December, 2000. Page 7-6, and on U.S. Census data on distribution of
household sizes in renter-occupied multi-family housing. See file 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
173
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
14 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $750 per clothes washer, based on prior REEP project reporting
2000-2001.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtu =
NumUnits  MMBtusave. / NumWashers
Where:
MMBtu
NumUnits
MMBtusave
NumWashers
= gross annual fossil fuel energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu) per clothes washer for
the measure
= number of residential units served by the central laundry facility
= annual customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure from
reference table below
= total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility
Water Descriptions
CCF
=
NumUnits  4.3 / NumWashers
Where:
CCF
NumUnits
4.3132
NumWashers
= annual customer water savings per clothes washer in CCF (hundreds of cubic feet)
= number of residential units served by the central laundry facility
= annual customer water savings per clothes washer per residential unit for the measure,
in CCF (hundreds of cubic feet)
= total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility
Reference Tables
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater and Dryer Fuel Type
Per Unit Savings
Dryer/DHW Fuel Combo
Electric Dryer/Electric DHW
Electric Dryer/Propane DHW
kWh
305
139
MMBTU
Oil
0.00
0.00
132
MMBTU MMBTU
Propane Natural Gas
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
Water savings based on weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year and average MEF of 1.72. See file
2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
174
Electric Dryer/Natural Gas DHW
139
0.00
0.00
0.71
Electric Dryer/Oil DHW
139
0.71
0.00
0.00
Propane Dryer/Electric DHW
202
0.00
0.35
0.00
Propane Dryer/Propane DHW
36
0.00
1.06
0.00
Propane Dryer/Oil DHW
36
1.06
0.00
0.00
Natural Gas Dryer/Electric DHW
202
0.00
0.00
0.35
Natural Gas Dryer/Natural Gas DHW
36
0.00
0.00
1.06
Natural Gas Dryer/Oil DHW
36.35
1.06
0.00
0.00
Savings based on weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year and average MEF of 1.72. See
file 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
Where dryer and DHW use different fossil fuels, savings are combined under the DHW fossil fuel because
a single measure can generally only have one fuel type for screening purposes.
175
Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: III-C-1-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls
Description
Install refrigerators that meet ENERGY STAR efficiency standards. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive
track.
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
kW
= (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  HOURS
kWh
= 0.0171*5000=85.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting ENERGY STAR standards as of January 1, 2004
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
176
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $50.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
177
Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines
Measure Number: III-C-2-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
The VendingMiser is an energy control device for refrigerated vending machines. Using an occupancy
sensor, during times of inactivity the Vending Miser turns off the machine’s lights and duty cycles the
compressor based on the ambient air temperature. The Vending Miser is applicable for conditioned indoor
installations.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 1,635
Where:
kWh
1,635
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= 120 Volts x 3.56 Amps x 0.95 Power factor x 8760 hours x 46% savings / 1000
3.56 Amps = Average Ampere loading of 44 sampled indoor vending machines, by Bayview Tech.
46%
= Savings based on average of 6 different independent lab tests of VendingMiser.
Demand Savings
N/A
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Baseline Efficiencies
The Baseline is a soft-drink vending machine without a VendingMiser device (typical usage of 3555 kWh).
Operating Hours
8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Vending Miser
#43
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
6.6%
26.5%
9.6%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
57.3%
0%
0%
0%
Source: Loadshape for savings occurring from 8 PM to 6 AM, seven days a week, 12 months per year (percentages
calculated in spreadsheet file named <Vending_miser_loadshape_calc.xls>).
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is 66.6%.
178
Installed Cost
$160133
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Engineering measure life is 15 years.
Adjusted measure lifetime with persistence is 10 years.
133
Price quoted from manufacturer.
179
Ventilation End Use
Ventilation Fan
Measure Number: III-E-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Ventilation End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Code: VNTXCEIL
Description
Efficient ventilation fan. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track.
Incremental Cost per Unit
Incremental cost per installed fan is $110, the same incremental cost used in other Efficiency Vermont
programs.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 169 kWh per fan
Demand Savings
kW = 0.06 kW
Where:
kWh
169
kW
0.06
fan)
= weighted average annual kWh savings per ventilation fan
= annual customer kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program
= weighted average connected load kW savings per ventilation fan
= customer kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 watts).
High Efficiency
High efficiency ventilation fan (20 watts).
Operating Hours
2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Ventilation
22.1% 11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
#10
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
180
Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
Lifetime
10 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
181
Space Heating End Use
Heating System
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: III-F-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Space Heating End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
1/12/00
9/5/01
TBD
EVT Measure Code: SHRBFOIL; SHRBNGAS; SHRBPROP
Description
Install high-efficiency boiler(s) and controls that optimize boiler performance. Measure applies to REEP
prescriptive track..
Incremental Cost per Unit
Incremental cost per residential unit for a central high-efficiency boiler is $134. This assumption is based
on analysis of historic REEP data. It reflects the fact that the average REEP project averages more than
residential unit per boiler.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Fossil fuel savings will be calculated as part of the Energy Star Rating process. Pump electrical savings
from higher efficiency unit are assumed to be negated by longer running cycles of a properly sized system.
Demand Savings
Not applicable
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Mid-efficiency boiler
High Efficiency
High-efficiency boiler, with smart controls
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
182
Thermal Shell Upgrades
Measure Number: III-F-2-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Installation of shell materials with higher insulating properties than baseline. Measures apply to REEP
prescriptive track.
Incremental Costs per Residential Unit
EVT
Measure
Code
TSHWINDO
TSHWINDO
TSHAIRSL
TSHNACWL
TSHNFNDE
TSHNACWL
TSHNACWL
High Efficiency Measure
New
Construction
Low-E argon windows with Warmedge spacers
Low-E storms on retained single pane windows
Air sealing detailing
Inspected cellulose in all attic flats
Basement insulation and slab edge detailing
Dense pack or wet spray cellulose in walls
Install 1” of rigid foam insulation on sloped
ceilings
Total Incremental Cost
Rehabilit
ation
$30
$50
$50
$10
$140
$120
$50
$50
$25
$100
$25
$370
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Savings will be calculated as part of the Energy Star Rating process.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline
Low-e windows
Double pane windows
Single-pane windows w/ poor quality storm retained
Minimal air sealing detailing
Inspection of attic flat insulation
Basement insulation
Slab edge detailing
Fiberglass batt insulation in walls
Fiberglass batt insulation in sloped ceilings
183
New Construction
X
X
Rehabilitation
X
X
X
X
X
X
High Efficiency
High Efficiency Measure
Low-E argon windows
Low-E storms (on retained weather-sealed windows)
Air sealing detailing
Inspected cellulose in all attic flats
Basement insulation
Slab edge detailing
Dense pack or wet spray cellulose in walls
Install 1” of rigid foam insulation on sloped ceilings
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
25 years, as used in Residential New Construction Program.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
184
New Construction
X
X
X
X
X
Rehabilitation
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Air Conditioning End Use
Energy Star Air Conditioner
Measure Number: III-G-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Air Conditioning End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: www.energystar.gov; www.ari.org
Description
Room air conditioners with an output less than or equal to 18,000Btu meeting minimum qualifying
efficiency established by Energy Star Program.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.07260
Average number of measures per
year
15134
Gross MWH savings per year
1.089
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 72.61
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = .145224
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
.927832 = baseline connected load kW
.782608 = efficient connected load kW
500
= annual full load hours
.145224 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard. (EER 9.7 for sizes included in
measure)135
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards (EER 11.5 for sizes included in
measure)136
Operating Hours
500 operating hours yearly. 137
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
134
Estimate based on REEP program forecasting.
Energy Star Data.(standard applied October 1, 2000). www.energystar.gov
136 Id.
137 Actual operating hours based on Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute data for Vermont. www.ari.org
Operating hours (500/yr) determined by ARI are considered to be high for typical families in Vermont. However, this
estimate is realistic for residencies in the REEP program given health and age issues.
135
185
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
60%
0%
Residential
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
50.0%
0%
A/C #11
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$40138
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
138
APT study of retailers knowledgeable about the energy star program.
186
Hot Water End Use
Water Conservation
Measure Number: III-D-1-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Codes: HWESHOWR; HWEFAUCT
Description
Measures apply to REEP prescriptive track. Lowest-flow aerators and showerheads possible used, as
follows:
Baseline
(gpm)
2.35
2.35
2.65
139
Bathroom faucet aerator
Kitchen faucet aerator
Showerhead
Non-Circulating DHW System
(gpm)
1.5
2.0
2.0
Circulating DHW System
(gpm)
0.5
1.5
2.0
Incremental Cost per Unit
There is no incremental cost for installing lower-flow rate aerators and showerheads.
Algorithms
Energy Savings140
MMBtu = 1.9 MMBtu (weighted average from REEP historical projects)
Demand Savings
Where:
MMBtu
1.9
= weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per residential unit in MMBtu (million Btu)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the
measure
Water Savings141
CCF = 9.1 CCF (weighted average from REEP historical projects)
Where:
CCF
9.1
= weighted average annual water savings per residential unit in CCF
(hundreds of cubic feet)
= weighted average customer annual water savings per residential unit for measure
139
Based on weighted averages determined through REEP project reporting. 50% of systems meet 1992 Federal
aerator and faucet standards (<2.2 gpm for lavatory and kitchen faucets and <2.5 gpm for showerheads) and 50% of
baseline systems not meeting the 1992 standards and therefore at Federal standard +0.3 gpm as per REEP project
reporting.
140 Based on weighted average of type of DHW system (50% circulating and 50% non-circulating) systems and
occupancy type (74% family and 26% elderly). Savings for circulating systems are identical, in BTU terms, to savings
assumptions used for RNC and LISF programs. Savings for non-circulating systems are assumed to be higher since
much lower gallon-per-minute faucet aerators are used with such systems. See worksheet “REEPprescriptive
assumptionsv5.xls”.
141 Ibid.
187
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline conditions are the standard flow rates typically specified in new construction projects.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a lower flow aerator or showerhead than typically specified, with specific flow rate
dependent on DHW system.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW programs (Default):
Winter
Peak
Residential
DHW Conserve
#8
28.4%
% of annual kWh
Winter
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak
3.1%
46.5%
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW programs:
Winter
Peak
Controlled
DHW Conserve
#54
28.4%
% of annual kWh
Winter
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak
3.1%
46.5%
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
188
Domestic Hot Water System
Measure Number: III-D-2-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Codes: HWRNFOIL; HWRNNGAS; HWRNPROP
Description
Install efficient indirect-fired water heating off high-efficiency boiler. Measure applies to REEP
prescriptive track.
Incremental Costs per Unit
Average incremental cost is $77 per residential unit for an efficient central domestic hot water system.
This is based on an analysis of REEP historical data.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
MMBtu = 1.43 MMBtu
Demand Savings142
Not applicable
Where:
MMBtu = weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per residential unit in MMBtu (million Btu)
1.43
= weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies
Central mid-efficiency stand alone DHW system.
High Efficiency
Indirect-fired off high-efficiency boiler.
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
15 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: III-D-5-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
142
Savings based on REEP historical data.
189
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing or proposed showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with a new low flow showerhead.
Algorithms
Water Savings
CCF = (FLOWbase - FLOWeffic)* MIN * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748)
Where:
CCF
FLOWbase
FLOWeffic
MIN
BR
365
748
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= flow rate in gallons per minute of baseline showerhead
= flow rate in gallons per minute of efficient showerhead
= the number of minutes of shower use per adjusted number of bedrooms per day
(default is 2.5 minutes for family housing and 1.5 minutes for elderly housing)
= number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero
bedrooms)
= number of days per year
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
Energy Savings
kWh = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (1/3413) * FLAG
MMBtu = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (10-6) * (1-FLAG)
Where:
kWh
CCF
8.33
748
DT

3413
FLAG
MMBtu
10-6
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= energy content of water (Btu/gallon/°F)
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
= average difference in temperature between cold intake water and shower water
(default is 105°F minus 55°F = 50°F)
= Domestic Hot Water system efficiency
= conversion factor from kWh to Btus (Btu/kWh)
= 1 if domestic hot water system is electric; 0 otherwise
= annual MMBtu fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure
= conversion factor from Btus to MMBtus (MMBtu/Btu)
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / HOURS
Where:
kW
kWh
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= annual full load hours (equals 3427)
190
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing or proposed showerhead with a high flow. In new construction
projects, the baseline condition is assumed to be a showerhead with a rated flow of 2.5 gpm – the maximum
allowable under EPAct.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Operating Hours
3427 annual full load hours for electric water heaters per the standard Residential DHW Conservation
loadshape.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
conserve (#8)
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for low-flow showerheads is presumed to be zero for new construction or major rehab
projects, and $15 for retrofit applications.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See above under Energy Savings
191
Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: III-D-6-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio No. 17
1/1/03
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing or proposed faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with a new low flow rate faucet
aerator.
Algorithms
Water Savings
CCF = (FLOWbase - FLOWeffic) * VMIN * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748)
Where:
CCF
FLOWbase
FLOWeffic
VMIN
BR
365
748
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= flow rate in gallons per minute of baseline faucet aerator
= flow rate in gallons per minute of efficient faucet aerator
= the number of minutes of faucet use per adjusted number of bedrooms per day
(default is 1.5 minutes for kitchen faucets and 0.75 minutes for bathroom faucets)
= number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero
bedrooms)
= number of days per year
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
Energy Savings
kWh = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (1/3413) * FLAG
MMBtu = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (10-6) * (1-FLAG)
Where:
kWh
CCF
8.33
748
DT

3413
FLAG
MMBtu
10-6
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= energy content of water (Btu/gallon/°F)
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
= average difference in temperature between cold intake water and faucet water
(default is 80°F minus 55°F = 25°F)
= Domestic Hot Water system efficiency
= conversion factor from kWh to Btus (Btu/kWh)
= 1 if domestic hot water system is electric; 0 otherwise
= annual MMBtu fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure
= conversion factor from Btus to MMBtus (MMBtu/Btu)
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / HOURS
Where:
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
kW
192
kWh
HOURS
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= annual full load hours (equals 3427)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing or proposed faucet aerator with a high flow. In new construction and
major rehab projects projects, the baseline condition is assumed to be a faucet aerator with a rated flow of
2.2 gpm – the maximum allowable under EPAct.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow faucet aerator.
Operating Hours
N/A
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW
savings (CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
28.4%
DHW
conserve (#8)
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for low-flow faucet aerators is presumed to be zero for new construction or major
rehab projects, and $10 for retrofit applications.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See above under Energy Savings
193
Water Conservation End Use
Toilet Diverter
Measure Number: III-H-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Water Conservation End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio No. 15
1/1/03
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing toilet is fitted with a toilet diverter to increase water flow to the tank and reduce water flow to
the bowl during the flush.
Algorithms
Water Savings
CCF = FLUSHGAL * REDUCE * FLUSHES * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748)
Where:
CCF
FLUSHGAL
REDUCE
FLUSHES
BR
365
748
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= gallons of water per flush
= percent reduction (10% for 1.6 gpf, 20% for 3.0 gpf, 35% for greater than 3.0
gpf)
= the number of flushes per adjusted number of bedrooms per day (default is 5)
= number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero
bedrooms)
= number of days per year
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
Energy Savings
There are no electric or fossil fuel savings with this measure.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing toilet without a toilet diverter.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a toilet with a toilet diverter installed.
Operating Hours
N/A
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
N/A
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
194
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for toilet diverters is presumed to be $5.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See above under Energy Savings
195
Efficient Products Program
Clothes Washing End Use
ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer
Measure Number: IV-A-1-g (Efficient Products Program, Clothes Washing End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 2004a_CW_savings_analysis.xls;
Description
Clothes washer meeting minimum qualifying efficiency standards established under Energy Star Program
with an MEF >=1.42.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
0.254
Average number of measures per
year
3,500
Gross MWH savings per year
889
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 254143
Demand Savings
kW = 0.704
Where:
kWh
kW
MMBtuoil
MMBtugas
MMBtupropane
CCF
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= oil energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu)
= natural gas energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu)
= propane gas energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline efficiency is determined according to the modified energy factor (MEF) that takes into
account the energy and water required per clothes washer cycle, including energy required by the clothes
dryer per clothes washer cycle. The baseline MEF is 1.04.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards – currently with an MEF of at least
1.42 or higher. EVT’s energy and water savings estimates are based on the weighted average MEF factor
for Energy Star qualifying models based on the models rebated during the previous calendar year.
Operating Cycles
379 clothes washer cycles / year 144
143
Energy and water savings estimate is based on an analysis provided by U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule
Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes Washers,
December, 2000 and the weighted MEF factors for clothes washers rebated by EVT in 2003 >=1.42.
144 Weighted average of 379 clothes washer cycles per year. U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support
Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes Washers, December, 2000. Page 7-5.
196
Loadshape
Loadshape #9, Residential Clothes Washing, Vermont State Screening Tool.
Freeridership
5%145
Spillover
20%146
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
14 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $270
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $50.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtuoil =
0.28
MMBtunatgas = 0.07
MMBtupropane = 0.17
Water Descriptions
CCF=5.9
Reference Tables
145
146
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
197
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater and Dryer Fuel Type
Adjusted
Per Unit
Savings
MMBTU
MMBTU
MMBTU
Dryer/DHW Fuel Combo
Frequency
kWh
Oil
Natural Gas
Propane
DHW Type
Electric DHW
38.7%
282
Natural Gas DHW
5.9%
51
0.99
Propane DHW
14.0%
51
0.99
Oil DHW
27.7%
51
0.99
Other DHW
13.7%
51
DHW Totals
100.0%
140
0.27
0.06
0.14
Dryer Type
Electric Dryer
79.3%
143
Natural Gas Dryer
3.0%
0.49
Propane Dryer
7.2%
0.49
Oil Dryer
0.1%
0.49
Other Dryer
10.3%
Dryer Totals
100.0%
114
0.00
0.01
0.04
Weighted Avg Total Savings
254
0.28
0.07
0.17
1) This revised summary table reflects assigning all the data entries of "Blank", "Don't Know" for DHW
type or CD type with the same distribution of fuel types for the rebated homes with a complete data set.
Data sets that were partially complete, were included, with the unspecified other half assigned the surrogate
fuel type percentage. 2) EVT proposes to change the rebate form for 2004 to capture "No Dryer" as an
option and revise "Nat gas" to "Gas", thereby capturing natural gas and propane customers. EVT proposes
to use the DPS Fuel Wood study as the basis for subsequent allocation of the "Gas" category into "Propane"
and "Nat Gas"
198
Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: IV-B-1-e (Efficient Products Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 23
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls,
Description
An Energy Star-qualifying refrigerator replaces a refrigerator of baseline efficiency.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0855
Average number of measures per
year
1,500
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
128.25
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
kW
= (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  HOURS
kWh
= 0.0171*5000=85.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a refrigerator meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for refrigerator
efficiency.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency level is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for efficiency established
January 1, 2004
Operating Hours
5000 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
199
Freeridership
33%147
Spillover
33%148
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $25.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
147
The 33% freerider rate assumes that after the rebate is made available the market share in VT will increase to 30%
for E-Star refrigerators.
148 The estimated spillover rate of 33% is consistent with both past Efficiency Vermont experience for clothes washers
and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding the number of customers who do not cash
rebate coupons-
200
ENERGY STAR Freezer
Measure Number: IV-B-2-a (Efficient Products Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 25
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a) 2003 D&R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet, b) 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate
Description
An ENERGY STAR qualifying residential freezer replaces a freezer of baseline efficiency.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0567
Average number of measures per
year
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
1.42
Algorithms
Demand Savings149
kW
= (kWBASE – kWEE) * ISR
kW
= (0.0926-0.0813)*1 = 0.0113
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
kWh = 0.0113*5000 = 56.7
Where:
kW
kWBASE
kWEE
ISR
kWh
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a residential freezer meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for freezer
efficiency.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency level is a freezer meeting ENERGY STAR specifications for efficiency established
January 1, 2004150
Operating Hours
5000 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
33%151
149
E-Star freezers currently are not available in Vermont. As such, calculations are based on 2001 national AHAM
shipment data for standard freezers with weighted average savings for ENERGY STAR chest and upright models.
Sources: a) 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate.xls, b) 2003 D& R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet.
150 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate.xls
201
Spillover
33%152
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
16 years153
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30154.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $25.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
In Service Rate (ISR): 1.0
151
Equivalent to freerider rate for Energy Star Refrigerators.
The estimated spillover rate of 33% is consistent with both past Efficiency Vermont experience for clothes washers
and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding the number of customers who do not cash
rebate coupons.
153 Source: 2003 D&R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet
154 Source: Personal communication from Matt Frank, Director of Retail Sales, W.C. Wood. 8/6/03
152
202
Dishwashing End Use
Energy Star Dish Washer
Measure Number: IV-C-1-d (Efficient Products Program, Dishwashing End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a)EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls
Description
A dishwasher meeting Energy Star efficiency specifications replaces a non-Energy Star model.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0686
Average number of measures per
year
0
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= 0.0318
Energy Savings
kWh = 68.6
Where:
kWh155
kW156
MMBtuoil
MMBtugas
MMBtupropane
CCF
= the weighted average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency
(see Table below)
= weighted average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency
= the weighted average customer MMBtu (million Btu)of oil savings from
upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of natural gas energy savings (see
Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of propane energy savings (see Table
below
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet from upgrading to high
efficiency157
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects the minimum federal efficiency standards for dishwashers effective January 1, 2001.
High Efficiency
High Efficiency is an Energy Star dishwasher meeting specifications of the Energy Star program effective
January 1, 2001.
Operating Hours
No specific assumed hours for dishwasher usage exist.158 Screening of measure uses load shape for
residential water conservation measures. This load shape has full load hours assumed at 3,427 hours
annually.
155
Energy savings based assumption based on EVT analysis (2002) of models meeting Energy Star specifications (see
EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls). Savings assumption amended based on distribution of DHW fuel types observed
during program year 2001 and DOE estimated 18% reduction in cycles per year from 322 to 264 .
156 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening
Tool.
157 Based on CEE estimate of savings. Agreed to by DPS in negotiations on EVT TRB goal (September 2000).
203
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
Conserve(#8)
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
13 years.159
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $27.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtuoil = 0.09
MMBtunatgas = 0.10
Water Descriptions
CCF=0.18160
Reference Tables
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater Fuel Type for EPP Energy Star Dishwashers161
Adjusted
Per Unit Savings
DHW Fuel Type
Frequency
kWh
MMBTU Oil
MMBTU MMBTU Propane
Gas
Electric DHW
43.6%
113.3
0.00
0.00
0.00
Oil DHW
26.9%
34
0.35
0.00
0.00
Gas DHW
29.5%
34
0.00
0.35
0.00
Propane DHW
0.00%
34
0.00
0.00
0.35
weighted average
68.6
0.09
0.10
0.00
158
As of June 17, 2002 the Department of Energy revised the estimated cycles per year from 322 to 264, a decrease of
approximately 18%.
159 Koomey, Jonathan et al. (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab), Projected Regional Impacts of Appliance Efficiency
Standards for the U.S. Residential Sector, February 1998.
160 Assumes 0.5 gal less water use per cycle and 264 cycles per year (RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update,
Final Report for National Grid USA, June 28, 2000)
161 Source: EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls
204
Air Conditioning End Use
Energy Star Room Air Conditioner
Measure Number: IV-D-1-c (Efficient Products Program, Air Conditioning End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: www.energystar.gov; www.ari.org; EPP_AC_savings_6_2002.xls
Description
Room air conditioners with an output less than or equal to 18,000Btu meeting minimum qualifying
efficiency established by Energy Star Program.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH
Savings per unit
Residential
.0396
Commercial
.1057
Average number of measures
per year
650
0
Gross MWH savings per
year
25.74
0
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Residential:
kWh = 39.6
Commercial:
kWh = 105.7
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = .1057
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWbase = baseline connected load kW
1.0282 = kWbase
kWeffic = efficient connected load kW
0.9225 = kWeffic
HOURS = annual full load hours
375162 = Residential HOURS
1000163 = Commercial HOURS
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
.1057 = kW
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard. (average EER 9.7 for sizes
included in measure)164
162
ARI data indicates 500 full load hours for A/C use in Vermont. VEIC experience in other states suggests that ARI
estimates for A/C use tend to be overstated. In an effort to compensate for this overstatement, Efficiency Vermont
applied a .75 multiplier to the ARI estimate in determining residential A/C hours of use.
163 FLH for commercial applications consistent with loadshape #15 from Vermont State Screening Tool.
164 Energy Star Data.(standard applied October 1, 2000). www.energystar.gov
205
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Commercial
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
0.3%
A/C #15a
Residential
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
50.0%
0%
A/C #11
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes.
Summer
Fall/Spring
80%
40.2%
60%
0%
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards (average EER 11.5 for sizes
included in measure)165
Operating Hours
375 operating hours yearly for residential customers.
1000 operating hours yearly for commercial customers.
Freeridership
33%166
Spillover
33%167
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
13 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$40168
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
165
Id.
The 33% freerider rate assumes that after the rebate is made available the market share in VT will increase to 30%
for E-Star room air conditioners. In the absence of any EVT efforts to promote E-Star room air conditioners the
market share would have been 10% (.10/.30=.33). The current VT market share is approximately 19%, however it is
assumed that this includes positive effects from longstanding EVT marketing and trade ally outreach. (D&R
International, 2001 Sales Data).
167 The estimated spillover rate of 33% for room air conditioners is consistent with past Efficiency Vermont experience
for large appliance items like clothes washers and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding
the number of customers who do not cash rebate coupons.
166
168
APT study of retailers knowledgeable about the energy star program.
206
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
207
Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: IV-E-1-i (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls; 2) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of
Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth
Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000
Description
An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage ENERGY STAR qualified compact
fluorescent.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0634
0.2051
Average number of measures per
year
89,916
4,825
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
5,700.7
989.6
Algorithms
Demand Savings169
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((79-22.2) / 1000) * 0.90) = 0.0511
= ((81.3-22.7) / 1000) * 1.0 )= 0.0586
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0511 * 1241) = 63.4
= ( 0.0586 * 3500) =205.1
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 170
= average hours of use per year171
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent lamp.
Operating Hours
Residential: 1,241 hours / year172
169
Assumed difference in wattage between installed CFL and the incandescent bulb it replaces. Based on EVT analysis
of CFLs rebated through Efficient Products Program.
170 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
171 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
208
Commercial: 3,500 hours / year173
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
6%.174
Spillover
15%175
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. Thus, CFLs rebated through this program are assumed to have
a life of 8,000 hours for residential applications (assumed average daily usage of 3.4 hours) and 12,000
hours for commercial applications (assumed daily usage of 9.6 hours). That translates to 6.4 years for
residential applications and 3.4 years for commercial applications.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $6
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $3
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings176
Residential
Commercial
$1.51
$3.28
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
172
Residential hours of use based on evaluation of nearly identical southern New England program suggesting average
daily hours of use of 3.4 (see Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting
Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service
Company, July 23, 2000).
173 Commercial hours of used based on standard hours of use for commercial indoor lighting from Vermont State Cost
Effectiveness Screening Tool.
174
Freerider rate is based on an agreement between EVT and DPS after reviewing numerous CFL program
evaluations across the country.
175
176
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
From VT State screening tool
209
CFL Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
1,241177
0.90178
179
Commercial
3,500
1.0180
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$6.00
Life181
6.39
Cost
Life
$0.50
0.6
Commercial
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$6.00
Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
1
3,000
2
5,000
3
7,000
4
9,000
5
9,500
6
10,000
8
12,000
10
12,000
12
12,000
24
12,000
Baseline Measures
Life182
3.42
Cost
$0.50
Life
0.28
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
177
Evaluation of nearly identical southern New England program suggests average daily hours of use of 3.4 (Xenergy,
Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison,
Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000).
178 Ibid.
179 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
180 Ibid.
181 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
182 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
210
Torchiere
Measure Number: IV-E-3-g (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls; 3) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of
Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth
Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000
Description
A high efficiency ENERGY STAR fluorescent torchiere replaces a halogen torchiere of baseline
efficiency.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.2611
0.7700
Average number of
measures per year
4,000
300
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
1,044.4
231
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
kW(Residential) = ((286.8-65.3)/1000)* 0.95) = 0.2104
kW(Commercial) =((284.2-64.2)/1000)*1.0) = 0.2200
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.2104 * 1241) = 261.1
= (0.2200 * 3500) = 770.0
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= In service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 183
= average hours of use per year184
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is halogen torchiere with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a ENERGY STAR torchiere designed for operation with pin-based CFLs.
Operating Hours
Residential: 1241185 hours / year
183
ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
185 Evaluation of nearly identical southern New England program suggests average daily hours of use of 3.4 (Xenergy,
Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison,
Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000).
184
211
Commercial: 3500186 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
2%187
Spillover
12%188
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $20.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings189
Residential
Commercial
$2.70
$8.43
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Fluorescent Torchiere Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
1241
0.950190
Commercial
3500
1.000191
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
186
Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
188 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
189 From VT State screening tool
190 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
191 Ibid.
187
212
Residential
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$7.50
Baseline Measures
192
Life
6.44 years
Cost
$6.00
Life
1.61 years
Commercial
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
192
193
Cost
$7.50
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Baseline Measures
Life193
3.42 years
Cost
$6.00
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
213
Life
0.57 years
Dedicated CF Table Lamps
Measure Number: IV-E-4-b (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/15/02
Effective date: 6/15/02
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential
Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New
England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) 2001_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls
Description
A table lamp dedicated to use with a compact fluorescent bulb replaces a table lamp with an incandescent
bulb.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Customer Class
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0628
0.2247
Average number of
measures per year
547
61
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
34.4
13.7
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.0642  HOURS  ISR
kWh (Residential)
= 62.8
kWh (Commercial)
= 224.7
Demand Savings
kW = (kWh /HOURS)
kW(Residential)
= .0610
kW(Commercial)
= .0642
Where:
0.0642194
HOURS195
ISR196
kWh
kW197
= average kilowattage reduction
= average hours of use per year
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects a table lamp with an incandescent bulb.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency reflects a table lamp that is dedicated for use with a plug-in compact fluorescent bulb.
These lamps are inoperable with an incandescent bulb.
194
Assumed difference in wattage between installed CF Table Lamp and the baseline product it replaces. 64.2 watts
based on EVT analysis of CF Table Lamps rebated through Efficient Products Program during 2001 (see
2001_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls).
195 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
196 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
197 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening
Tool.
214
Operating Hours
Residential: 1029198 hours / year
Commercial: 3500199 hours / year
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential #1 28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
27.7%
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
Commercial
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
55%
56%
55%
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
2%.200
Spillover
12%.201
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20.202
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings203
Residential
Commercial
$0.71
$2.59
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type
Average
Average
198
2.82 hours of use daily reflect use patters established by VEIC review of nearly identical program in southern New
England. Based on average use in following settings: living room (3.27), bedroom (1.47), den (2.7), family room
(3.27), game room (3.11) and other (3.11). See referenced document: Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint
Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern
Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000.
199 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
200 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS
(same level as applied to residential torchiere measure, see TRM, Sept 15, 2001).
201 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS
(same level as applied to residential torchiere measure, see TRM, Sept 15, 2001)..
202 Incremental cost based on analysis of materials needed for efficiency upgrade in similar lighting fixtures.
203 From VT State screening tool
215
Residential
Commercial
Annual Hours
of Use
1029
3500
In Use Rate
0.950204
1.000205
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$4.00
Baseline Measures
206
Life
6.39 years
Cost
$1.00
Life
0.97 years
Commercial
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$4.00
Baseline Measures
Life207
3.42 years
Cost
$1.00
Life
0.29 years
Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
204
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Ibid.
206 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
207 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
205
216
Dedicated CF Floor Lamp
Measure Number: IV-E-7-a (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 25
1/1/04
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential
Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New
England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls.
Description
An existing floor lamp with incandescent bulbs is replaced by a dedicated ENERGY STAR floor lamp
wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0534
0.1586
Average number of
measures per year
100
100
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
5.3
15.9
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((67.3-22.0 / 1000) * 0.95) = 0.0430
= ((67.3-22.0) / 1000) * 1.0 )= 0.0453
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0430 * 1241) = 53.4
= (0.0453 * 3500) = 158.6
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 208
= average hours of use per year209
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an interior incandescent light.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an interior fluorescent fixture.
208
209
ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
217
Operating Hours
Residential Applications: 1241210 hours / year
Commercial Applications: 3500211 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
2%.212
Spillover
12%.213
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings214
Residential
Commercial
$2.70
$8.43
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
210
Usage rates for residential program taken from analysis of study of nearly identical program in southern New
England (Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared
for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23,
2000). Note, hourly usage rates from various interior setting averaged. See page 4-9 of cited study.
211 Usage rates for commercial applications reflect agreement made between Efficiency Vermont and the VT
Department of Public Service during program year 2001.
212 Same as Torchiere, used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between
EVT and VT DPS.
213 Same as Torchiere, used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between
EVT and VT DPS
214 From VT State screening tool for Torchieres.
218
Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type
Residential
Commercial
Average
Annual Hours
of Use
1241
3500
Average
In Use Rate
0.95215
1.000216
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life217
Cost
Component
Lamp
$7.50
6.44
$6.00
Life
1.61
Commercial Applications
Efficient Measures
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
Life
0.57
Life218
3.42
Baseline Measures
Cost
$6.00
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
Years
1
3,000
8.22
2
5,000
6.85
3
7,000
6.39
4
9,000
6.16
5
9,500
5.21
6
10,000
4.57
8
12,000
4.11
10
12,000
3.29
12
12,000
2.74
24
12,000
1.37
215
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Ibid.
217 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
218 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
216
219
Interior Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: IV-E-5-c (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 24
1/1/04
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential
Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New
England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls
Description
An existing lighting fixture with incandescent bulbs is replaced by an ENERGY STAR lighting fixture
wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps in an interior setting.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0655
0.1887
Average number of
measures per year
7,180
362
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
470.3
68.3
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((80.7-25.1 / 1000) * 0.95) = 0.0528
= ((78.8-24.9) / 1000) * 1.0 )= 0.0539
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0528 * 1241) = 65.5
= (0.0539 * 3500) = 188.7
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 219
= average hours of use per year220
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an interior incandescent light.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a interior fluorescent fixture.
219
220
ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
220
Operating Hours
Residential Applications: 1241221 hours / year
Commercial Applications: 3500222 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
2%.223
Spillover
7%.224
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings225
Residential
Commercial
$0.35
$1.74
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type
Residential
Commercial
Average
Annual Hours
of Use
1241
3500
Average
In Use Rate
0.95226
1.000227
221
Usage rates for residential program taken from analysis of study of nearly identical program in southern New
England (Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared
for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23,
2000). Note, hourly usage rates from various interior setting averaged. See page 4-9 of cited study.
222 Usage rates for commercial applications reflect agreement made between Efficiency Vermont and the VT
Department of Public Service during program year 2001.
223 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
224 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS
225 From VT State screening tool
226 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
227 Ibid.
221
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life228
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.45
$1.00
Ballast
$14.00
25.82
N/A
Life
1
N/A
Commercial Applications
Efficient Measures
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
Ballast
$14.00
Life
0.3
N/A
Life229
3.43
13.71
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
Years
1
3,000
8.22
2
5,000
6.85
3
7,000
6.39
4
9,000
6.16
5
9,500
5.21
6
10,000
4.57
8
12,000
4.11
10
12,000
3.29
12
12,000
2.74
24
12,000
1.37
228
229
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
222
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: IV-E-6-d (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls; b) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of
Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth
Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000
Description
An existing lighting fixture with incandescent bulbs is replaced by an ENERGY STAR lighting fixture
wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps in an exterior setting.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.1209
0.1790
Average number of
measures per year
1,971
103
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
238.3
18.4
Algorithms
Demand Savings230
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((83.2-25.1)
/ 1000) * 0.95 = 0.0552
= ((82.1-23.6) / 1000) * 1.0 = 0.0585
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0552 * 2190) = 120.9
= (0.0585 * 3059) = 179.0
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= In service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 231
= average hours of use per year232
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an exterior incandescent light fixture.
High Efficiency
230
Based on EVT analysis of Exterior Residential and Commercial Florescent Fixtures rebated through Efficient
Products Program
231 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
232 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
223
High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR qualified exterior fluorescent fixture.
Operating Hours
Residential Applications: 2,190 hours / year 233
Commercial Applications: 3,059 hours / year 234
Loadshape
Residential Outdoor Lighting, #2
Commercial Outdoor Lighting, #13Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
2%235
Spillover
7%236
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual savings related to reductions in operation and maintenance costs is $1.75.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
2,190
0.95237
Commercial
3,059
1.000238
233
Residential Usage rate based on 6 hours daily burn time. Usage rate is based on EVT estimate after reviewing
numerous lighting evaluation studies across the country.
234 Commercial Usage rate based on 8.4 hours daily burn time consistent with load profile for commercial outdoor
lighting in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening tool.
235 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
236 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS
237 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
238 Ibid.
224
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost239
Life240
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
4.56
$1.00
Ballast
$14.00
18.23
N/A
Life241
0.46
N/A
Commercial
Component
Lamp
Ballast
Efficient Measures
Cost242
$6.00
$14.00
Life243
3.92
15.65
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
Years
1
3,000
8.22
2
5,000
6.85
3
7,000
6.39
4
9,000
6.16
5
9,500
5.21
6
10,000
4.57
8
12,000
4.11
10
12,000
3.29
12
12,000
2.74
24
12,000
1.37
239
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Life244
0.33
N/A
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance.
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
241 Residential baseline measure lamp life is based on 1,000 hours of lamp life expectancy with 2,190 average annual
hours of use (1,000 / 2,190=0.46 years
242 Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance.
243 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
244 Commercial baseline measure lamp life is based on 1,000 hours of lamp life expectancy with 3,059 average annual
hours of use (1,000 / 3,059=0.33 years
240
225
Ceiling Fan End Use
Energy Star Ceiling Fans
Measure Number: IV-F-1-a (Efficient Products Program, Ceiling Fan End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
4/1/02
Effective date: 6/15/02
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a) ceilingfans.xls; b) Calwell and Horwitz (2001). “Ceiling Fans: Fulfilling the
Energy Efficiency Promise”. Home Energy. Jan/Feb. c) Caldwell and Horowitz. Unpublished memo
circulated through CEE.
Description
Ceiling fans meeting air flow efficiency requirements at low, medium and high speed operation. If
equipped with a light kit, then either fitted with an Energy Star rated fixture or included with Energy Star
bulbs equal to the number of light sockets, as well as have separate fan and light switching.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.187
Average number of measures per
year
500
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
93.5
Algorithms
Energy Savings245
From lighting:
kWh =180 kWh246
From fan:
kWh =7.5 kWh247
Demand Savings
From lighting:
kW = 0.01968248
From fan:
kW = 0.0144249
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
245
Consumers will be offered separate rebates. If the ceiling fan has an Energy Star lighting kit, a rebate will be offered
as if for an Energy Star lighting fixture. Regardless, a separate rebate will be offered if the fan itself qualifies as an
Energy Star model. Since the default Energy Star lighting fixture savings will be less than typical lighting savings from
an Energy Star ceiling fan with light kit, the EVT tracking system will log the incremental savings increase through an
adjustment correlated with fan rebate coupons. In the future, a more direct way of tracking savings from Energy Star
Ceiling fans may be possible.
246
See referenced documents: ceilingfans.xls for calculation. Data derived from review of Caldwell and Horowitz
(unpublished memo).
247 Id.
248 Derived using Residential Indoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
(Loadshape #1).
249 Derived using Residential Air Conditioning Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
(Loadshape #11).
226
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition for fans with light kits assumes four sockets fitted with 60 watt incandescent bulbs.
Baseline fan motors assume a 1.0 amp rating at the high-speed setting. Both conditions are based on
information from manufacturer data and the Horowitz/Calwell article in the Jan/Feb 2001 issue of Home
Energy magazine.
High Efficiency
Energy Star fans with light kits assumes 2-D or circline Energy Star lamp totaling 60 watts. Baseline fan
motors assume a 0.6 amp rating at the high-speed setting. Both conditions are based on information from
manufacturer data and the Horowitz/Calwell article in the Jan/Feb 2001 issue of Home Energy magazine.
Operating Hours
Lighting: 1241 hours / year
Fans: 200 hours / year
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Winter
Winter Summer
Peak
Off-Peak
Peak
Fan motors
(Residential
0%
0%
50%
A/C #11)
Indoor
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
Lighting #1
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
50%
0%
60%
0%
27.7%
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
Source: Residential A/C Loadshape form Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool (#11).
Residential Indoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool (#1).
Freeridership
10%250
Spillover
10%251
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years based on EVT estimate
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $50252.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15 for an Energy Star ceiling fan without a light kit, and $30 for an
Energy Star ceiling fan with a light kit.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There is an annual savings of $12.48 related to operation and maintenance cost adjustment for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
250
Based on EVT estimate.
Id.
252 Estimate based on Horowitz and Calwell (unpublished memo).
251
227
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
253
Efficient Measures
Cost
Life253
$8.00
6.26 years
$20.00
25.05 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Life of components based on 3.4 hours average residential use per day.
228
Life
0.6 years
N/A
Low Income Single-Family Program
Hot Water End Use
Tank Wrap
Measure Number: V-A-1-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 315
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.037
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 254
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency255
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
254
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
255 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
229
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
33.3%
Winter
73.0%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$35
Lifetimes
6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
230
Summer
79.0%
Fall/Spring
70.0%
Pipe Wrap
Measure Number: V-A-2-d (Low Income Single Family, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
9/15/01
12/01/01
TBD
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 33
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0038
Where:
kWh
33
0.0038
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 256
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency257
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
256
257
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours).
231
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
33.3%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetimes
10 years.
232
Winter
73.0%
Summer
79.0%
Fall/Spring
70.0%
Tank Temperature Turn-Down
Measure Number: V-A-3-d (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 146
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 8760
Where:
kWh
146
kW
8760
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency258
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees,
typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees.
258
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
233
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$5
Lifetimes
4 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
234
Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: V-A-4-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 340
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0997
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6259
Where:
kWh
340
kW
0.0997
CCF
4.6
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 260
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 261
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
259
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
261 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
260
235
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected kW savings
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #53
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
236
Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: V-A-5-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 57
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0171
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0262
Where:
kWh
57
kW
0.0171
CCF
2.0
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 263
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 264
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
262
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
264 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
263
237
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve # 8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
22%
Winter
56.6%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$6
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
238
Summer
38.0%
Fall/Spring
45.4%
Hot Water End Use (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-12-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
10/1/02
TBD
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both the cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
25
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions265
265
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated life span of 30 years.
239
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the pipe wrap measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.15
MMBtunatgas
= 0.15
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.15
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
240
Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-13-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective Date:
End Date:
Portfolio14, July ‘02
10/1/02
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
Description
An insulation “blanket” is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated electricity savings associated with the measure is for a
six week period as this represents the average lag time between measure installation and replacement of the
electric water heater.266
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit (Six weeks)
0.036
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0.9
25
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 315 (if measure remains active over a 12 month period)
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.037
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency267
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency268
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
266
Source: Jim Massie, VEIC, Efficiency VT (7/8/02).
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation, WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
267
268
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by
8760 hours).
241
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh (RPF)
(CF)
Application Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.2% 11.0%
33.2%
33.2%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73.0%
79.0%
70.0%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Six weeks of savings based on the time lag after the measure is installed and the electric water heater
system is replaced with a fossil fuel based electric water heater system.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
For tank wraps where DHW fuel switch occurs with support of Efficiency VT, estimated lifetime of tank is
one month.
Measure Cost
$35
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $35.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
242
Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-14-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP;
West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
25
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6269
Where:
CCF
4.6
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
269
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
243
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions270
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow shower head measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 1.15
MMBtunatgas
= 1.15
MMBtuliq.propane = 1.15
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 4.6 CCF.
270
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
244
Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel
Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-15-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP;
West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures per
year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
25
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0271
Where:
CCF
2.0
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $6
Incentive Level
271
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
245
The incentive level for this measure is $6.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions272
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow faucet aerator are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.26
MMBtunatgas
= 0.26
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.26
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 2.0 CCF.
272
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
246
Waterbed End Use
Waterbed Insulating Pad
Measure Number: V-B-1-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Waterbed End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation pad placed over a waterbed mattress.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 490
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0559
Where:
kWh
490
kW
0.0559
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 273
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency274
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a waterbed without an insulating pad.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a waterbed with an insulating pad.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
273
274
From VT DPS 1999 screening.
From VT state screening tool.
247
Fall/Spring
100%
$35
Lifetimes
6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
248
Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: V-C-1-c (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
5.8%
3.1%
5.6%
per hour
per hour
per hour
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
27.7%
of daily
of daily
of daily
burn time burn time burn time
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. See Reference Table below for cost assumptions
used in screening and O&M calculations.
249
O&M Savings
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference tables.
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
O&M Savings
$1.43
$2.82
$4.21
$5.60
$6.13
$6.61
$8.15
$8.37
$8.51
$8.89
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
CFL Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lifetime Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lifetime Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Efficient
Measures
Cost275
6.26
Baseline Measures
Life276
6.26
Cost
$1.00
275
Life
0.6 years
Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance. Cost of efficient lamp is N/A
as measure life is same as efficient lamp (no replacement).
276 Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day.
250
Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: V-C-2-c (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent lighting fixture is replaced by a fluorescent fixture (including table lamps but
excluding torchieres).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light fixture with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a fluorescent fixture.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
27.7%
5.8%
per hour
of daily
burn time
3.1%
per hour
of daily
burn time
5.6%
per hour
of daily
burn time
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used.
O&M Savings
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp.
251
Daily Burn Time
O&M Savings
1
($5.78)
2
$4.24
3
$10.00
4
$16.19
5
$20.18
6
$23.49
8
$33.43
10
$38.05
12
$42.58
24
$69.09
See reference table below.
Lifetimes
20 years (though it will be necessary to replace the lamp in the fixture at least once during that time period).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Table
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
277
278
Efficient
Measures
Cost277
$8.00
$20.00
Baseline Measures
Life278
6.26 years
25.05 years
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Life
0.6 years
N/A
Costs do not include labor rates. Maintenance assumed to be carried out by homeowner
Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day.
252
Torchiere
Measure Number: V-C-3-d (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing halogen torchiere is replaced by a fluorescent torchiere.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.243  HOURS
Demand Savings
kWj = (kWh /HOURS)
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
0.243 = average kilowattage reduction279
HOURS = average hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light fixture with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a fluorescent fixture.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
27.7%
23%
12%
22%
Commercial
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
55%
56%
55%
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used.
279
Assumes 300 watt typical halogen torchiere replaced by 57 watt CFL torchiere.
253
O&M Savings
Daily Burn Time
O&M Savings
1
($1.23)
2
$12.50
3
$22.76
4
$33.37
5
$42.18
6
$51.21
8
$71.49
10
$89.02
12
$106.53
24
$193.22
See reference table.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Table
Torchiere O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
280
281
Efficient
Measures
Cost280
$10.00
$30.00
Baseline Measures
Life281
6.26 years
32.88 years
Cost
$8.00
N/A
Life
1.57 years
N/A
Costs include labor rates. Rates as follows: $2.67 per lamp installed; $12.50 per ballast installed.
Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day.
254
CFL by Mail
Measure Number: V-C-4-b (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 15
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential
Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New
England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000.
Description
A CFL lighting is offered to low-income households through a mail-in coupon circulated in a LIHEAP
mailing. Upon receipt of the customer response card, EVT will mail a 20-Watt CFL to the address of the
response card’s sender.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.046
Average number of measures per
year
2,271
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
104.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR * MAF
kW = (75-20) / 1000) * 0.9 * 0.75 = 0.0371
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
kWh = 0.0371* 1241 =46.0
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
HOURS
ISR
MAF
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW282
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual hours of use per year283
= in service rate (ISR) or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 284
= mail adjustment factor given some bulbs will be inoperable upon arrival or not
used by customer 285
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline efficiency is a 75-Watt incandescent lamp installed in a residential application.
High Efficiency
282
A 20 watt energy efficient bulb was sent out to qualifying participants that is estimated to have replaced the
baseline 75 watt incandescent bulb, for a total demand savings of 55 watts or 0.055 kW.
283
1,241 hours of operation are based on 3.4 hours per day for residential applications. Source: Xenergy,
Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for
Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July
23, 2000.
284
In service rate (ISR) is estimated to be 90%..
Annual energy savings are decreased by 25% to reflect savings adjustment protocol agreed to during Savings
Verification 2002.
285
255
The High efficiency is a 20-Watt CFL lamp.
Operating Hours
1,241 hours per year,
3.4 hours per day
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
Indoor
Lighting (#1)
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
27.7%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6.4 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Lifetime based on life of CFL. CFL life is rated by hours of
use per day. (See table below)
Measure Cost
The measure cost is $6286.
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.09. (See reference table
below.)
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
286
Cost includes data processing and product shipping handled by Efficiency Vermont contractor EFI.
256
Reference Tables
A. Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
B. Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
287
Efficient Measures
Cost
$4.00
Life287
6.4 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
257
Life
0.8 years
Ventilation End Use
Ventilation Fan
Measure Number: V-D-1-a (Low Income Single Family, Ventilation End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
Efficient ventilation fan.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
0.169
Average number of measures per
year
99
Gross MWH savings per year
16.731
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 169
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.06
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.06kW = 0.06 kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt fan)
169
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 Watts).
High Efficiency
High efficiency ventilation fan (20 Watts).
Operating Hours
2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program)
258
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Ventilation
22.1% 11.1%
31.8%
#10
Source: Vermont State Screening Tool
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$90
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
259
Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: V-E-1-a (Low Income Single Family, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.doc
Description
A refrigerator qualifying for Energy Star Program specifications replaces a non-Energy Star model. This is
a custom, retrofit measure.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Range: 0.8 – 2.5
Average number of measures per
year
36
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
Range: 28.8 - 90
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Custom, based on site-specific data. (Range: 800 – 2500 kWh/year)
Demand Savings
Custom, based on site-specific data. (Range: .16 - .50 kW)
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWbase = baseline connected load kW
kWeffic = efficient connected load kW
HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year
5000
= HOURS
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline is a refrigerator metered on site to determine annual energy consumption.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for efficiency established January
1, 2001288
Operating Hours
5000 / year289
288
289
See referenced document: ES.ref.kWh.doc for Energy Star qualifying models’ energy consumption.
Based on residential refrigerator loadshape/full load hours from VT State Screening Tool.
260
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Residential
22.5% 10.8%
33.7%
33.0%
62.3%
60.0%
Refrigerator #4
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential refrigerator load shape).
Fall/Spring
56.8%
Freeridership
0% for low-income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is based on site-specific data. Range: $430 –750. An additional
$100 fee is paid for contract management.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
261
Residential New Construction Program
Hot Water End Use
Tank Wrap
Measure Number: VI-A-1-d (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 250290
Demand Savings
kW = 0.029
Where:
kWh
250
kW
0.029
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 291
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency292
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
Loadshape
Residential DHW Insulation, #7. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
290
Savings based on negotiations with DPS and Westhill Energy considers higher baseline for RNC.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
292 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 250 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
291
262
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The tank is found without a tank wrap, so by definition, freeridership is
zero.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$35
Lifetime
7 years293
293
Lifetime based on agreement with VT DPS through TAG discussions.
263
Pipe Wrap
Measure Number: VI-A-2-b (Residential New Construction, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 6 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 33
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0038
Where:
kWh
33
0.0038
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 294
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency295
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
DHW
Insulation #7
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The pipes are found without insulation, so by definition, freeridership is
zero.
294
295
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours).
264
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetime
13 years (average life of water heater).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
265
Tank Temperature Turn-Down
Measure Number: VI-A-3-c (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 146
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 8760
Where:
kWh
146
kW
8760
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 296
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees,
typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Winter
Peak
% of annual kWh
Winter
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation.
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The tank is found set at a higher temperature, so by definition, freeridership
is zero.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$5
296
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
266
Lifetime
7 years (average life of water heater).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
267
Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: VI-A-4-b (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 340
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0997
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6297
Where:
kWh
340
kW
0.0997
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 298
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 299
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
CCF
4.6
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
DHW
Conserve #8
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The existing showerhead is not low flow, so by definition, freeridership is
zero.
Spillover
0%.
297
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
299 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
298
268
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
269
Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: VI-A-5-b (Residential New Construction, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
2/2/01
12/01/01
TBD
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 57
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0171
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0300
Where:
kWh
57
kW
0.0171
CCF
2.0
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 301
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 302
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Fall/Spring
64.9%
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The faucet is found without a low flow aerator, so by definition,
freeridership is zero.
300
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
302 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
301
270
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$6
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
271
Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: VI-B-1-f (Residential New Construction Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls
Description
An Energy Star-qualifying refrigerator replaces a refrigerator of baseline efficiency.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0855
Average number of measures per
year
250
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
21.3
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
kW
= (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  HOURS
kWh
= 0.0171*5000=85.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a refrigerator meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for refrigerator
efficiency.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for energy efficiency as of January 1,
2004.
Operating Hours
5,000 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
272
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $50.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
273
Efficient Refrigerators
Measure Number: VI-B-2-b (Residential New Construction Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
06/01/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Refrigerators meeting minimum qualifying efficiency (top 30% of models with regard to energy
efficiency).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 95
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0179
Where:
kWh
95
kW
0.0179
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 303
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current federal efficiency standard in effect from 1992 through mid-2001.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model in the top 30% offered in the market for a particular style and size
with regards to energy efficiency.
1
See Reference Table on following page.
274
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW Savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Residential
22.5% 10.8%
33.7%
33.0%
62.3%
Refrigerator #4
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes.
Summer
Fall/Spring
60.0%
56.8%
Freeridership
10%304 (Good and Premium home weighted freeridership assumed in the DPS core program screening)
Spillover
10%305
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$30
Lifetime
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Table
Refrigerator Efficiency306
Minimum
Efficiency
70th Percentile
Efficiency
Difference
Weighting
Weighted Average
Top Mounted
Freezer
Size Range:
20.5-21.5 sq. ft.
Side by Side
Arrangement
Size Range:
28-29 sq. ft.
Through the door
ice access
No external ice
access
Through the door
ice access
No external ice
access
840 kWh / year
740 kWh / year
920 kWh / year
1040 kWh / year
700 kWh / year
140 kWh / year
10%
94.95 kWh / year
626 kWh / year
114 kWh / year
65%
911 kWh / year
9 kWh / year
15%
1095 kWh / year
55 kWh / year
10 %
304
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
306 Data related to average sizes, styles and weightings based on national averages taken from latest AHAM data
available. Data related to energy consumption taken from California Energy Commission findings available at
www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/appliances/0.
305
275
Lighting End Use
Interior Surface Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-10-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls
Description
An ENERGY STAR interior surface lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps replaces an interior surface lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential
new construction application. This category includes surface ceiling and surface wall fixtures.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.1044
Average number of
measures per year
1500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
156.6
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((127.3 - 32.6 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0947
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0947 * 1,102) = 104.4
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an interior surface lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR interior surface lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
276
Freeridership
14%
Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings307
Residential
$1.09
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life308
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.4
$1.00
Ballast
N/A
25.6
N/A
307
308
From VT State screening tool
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
277
Life
.08 years
N/A
Interior Recessed Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-11-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls
Description
An ENERGY STAR interior recessed lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps replaces an interior recessed lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential
new construction application
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0656
Average number of
measures per year
1500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
98.4
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((83.8 – 24.3 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0595
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0595 * 1,102) = 65.6
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
An interior recessed lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR interior recessed lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
14%
278
Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings309
Residential
$1.09
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life310
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.4
$1.00
Ballast
N/A
25.6
N/A
309
310
From VT State screening tool
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
279
Life
.08 years
N/A
Interior Other Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-12-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls
Description
An ENERGY STAR interior lighting fixture in the “other” category, wired for exclusive use with pin-based
compact fluorescent lamps replaces an interior lighting fixture also in the “other” category with
incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application The “other” category includes
chandelier/pendent, DI lamp left not installed, floor lamp, post lamp, table lamp, track light, under cabinet.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
Residential
0.0508
Average number of
measures per year
1500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
76.2
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((70.6 – 24.5 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0461
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0461 * 1,102) = 50.8
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
An interior lighting fixture in the “other” category with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR interior lighting fixture in the “other” category wired for exclusive use with pin-based
compact fluorescent lamps.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
14%
280
Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings311
Residential
$1.09
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life312
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.4
$1.00
Ballast
N/A
25.6
N/A
311
312
From VT State screening tool
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
281
Life
.08 years
N/A
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-3-e (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03
Description
An ENERGY STAR exterior lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based fluorescent lamp(s)
replaces an exterior lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application.
This measure characterization applies to exterior fluorescent fixtures in the following exterior locations:
post lamp, recessed ceiling, surface ceiling, and surface wall.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.065
Average number of measures per
year
200
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
13.0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((80.6 - 21.6 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.059
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.059 * 1,102) = 65.0
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
An exterior lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR exterior lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based fluorescent lamp(s)
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Outdoor Lighting, #2. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
9%
Spillover
10%
282
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime for a fluorescent fixture is 20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The average installed cost is $30313
O&M Cost Adjustments
O&M savings is $1.31 annually.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
Efficient
Measures
Cost
$6.00
N/A
Baseline Measures
Life314
6.4 years
25.6 years
Cost
$1.00
N/A
313
Life
0.5 years
N/A
Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install interior fixtures
installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001.
314 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
283
Exterior HID Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-4-c (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
10/1/02
TBD
Draft:
Effective:
End:
Referenced Documents: RNC-Tubes_HID_Summary_6_02.xls
Description
Exterior metal halide (MH) or high pressure sodium (HPS) high intensity discharge (HID) fixtures replace
mercury vapor or other high-wattage exterior fixture (e.g. quartz halogen).
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.8945
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
1315
0.8945
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 894.5
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.3063
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
894.5
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
HOURS = annual fixture hours of use per year
2920316 = HOURS
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.3063317 = kW
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a mercury vapor fixture or other high wattage exterior fixture (e.g. quartz halogen).
High Efficiency
The high efficiency models are high-pressure sodium or metal halide exterior fixtures.
Operating Hours
2920 hours per year.
315
This number is a placeholder as this incentive was not previously offered.
Annual hours of use based on 8 hours per day consistent with load shape No. 3 VT State Screening Tool.
317 Delta kW of 0.3063 derived from VEIC analysis of EVT RNC program data recorded through 1/1/02.
316
284
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(RPF)
(CF)
Application Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
Outdoor
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3% 29.8%
14.5%
29.4%
Lighting (HID)
#3
Source: Loadshape #3 for Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
12%
Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $65
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $66.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
285
Exterior Motion Sensor
Measure Number: VI-C-5-b (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Motion sensor for exterior lighting.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWconnected  650
Demand Savings
kW = kWconnected
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= reduced operating hours assumed in DPS screening of RNC core program 318
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control, 0.180 kW.319
650
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
For lighting controls the baseline is a manual switch.
High Efficiency
Exterior motion sensor.
Operating Hours
650 reduced operating hours per year.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Outdoor
motion sensor
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
19.9%
13.3%
30.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
36.6%
6.8%
3.3%
6.6%
Freeridership
0% (Good and Premium home freeridership assumed in the DPS core program screening)
Spillover
10%320
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$33
318
Consensus number from RNC utility working group.
Assumes 2-90 watt halogen bulbs (Assumption used in DPS core program screening)
320 Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
319
286
Lifetime
15 years (lifetime assumed in the DPS core program screening).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
287
LED Exit Sign
Measure Number: VI-C-6-b (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Exit sign illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW, 0.008 kW. 321
HOURS = annual exit sign hours of use per year, 8760 hours.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
15 Watt exit sign
High Efficiency
7 Watt LED Exit Sign.
Operating Hours
Exit Signs – 8760 hours per year.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Flat 8760 hrs
#25
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
100%
100%
100%
Freeridership
LED exit sign – 10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$30
321
LED savings historically used by utilities for this program.
288
Lifetime
LED exit sign – 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
289
Interior CFL Direct Install
Measure Number: VI-C-7-c (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03
Description
An ENERGY STAR compact fluorescent lamp replaces an incandescent bulb in an interior lighting fixture
in residential new construction applications.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0515
Average number of measures per
year
450
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
23.1
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((65.2 – 18.4 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0468
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0468 * 1,102) = 51.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an incandescent bulb.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR compact fluorescent bulb.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting #1. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
290
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6.4 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The average installed cost is $19322
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.09. (See reference table
below.)
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Efficient Measures
Cost
$4.00
Life323
6.4 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
322
Life
0.8 years
Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install interior CFLs
installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001.
323 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
291
Exterior CFL Direct Install
Measure Number: VI-C-8-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/28/02
Effective date: 6/15/02
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential
Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New
England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) RNC_lighting_exterior.xls
Description
A compact fluorescent lamp replaces an incandescent bulb in an exterior fixture in residential new
construction applications.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.1115
Average number of measures per
year
150
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
16.7
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
kWh = 111.5
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where
HOURS = average hours of use per year
2190324 = average annual hourly of use per year for interior applications
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.0509 = average kilowatt reduction
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
111.5 = average kilowattage reduction
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an incandescent bulb. Analysis of exterior CFLs installed in the Efficiency Vermont’s
Residential New Construction Program between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2001 indicates that the
average baseline wattage for a replaced bulb is 67.5 watts.
High Efficiency
The baseline is an incandescent bulb. Analysis of exterior CFLs installed in the Efficiency Vermont’s
Residential New Construction Program between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2001 indicates that the
average baseline wattage for a replaced bulb is 16.6 watts.
Operating Hours
2190 hours / year
324
Annual hours of used based on 6 hours / day assumed usage. 6 hours daily used based on estimate developed
through EVT communications with VT Department of Service and Residential TAG.
292
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Residential
Outdoor
Lighting #2
Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF)
Winter
Peak
Winter
Off-Peak
Summer
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3%
11.4%
5.5%
11.2%
All factors consistent with Residential Outdoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening
tool (Loadshape 2).
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
The lifetime for this measure is 3.9 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp.
Measure Cost
The average installed cost is $19325
O&M Cost Adjustments
O&M savings is $1.94 annually
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Efficient
Baseline Measures
Measures
Cost
Life326
Cost
Component
Lamp
N/A
5.5 years
$1.00
325
Life
0.5 years
Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install exterior CFLs
installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001.
326 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
293
Generic Linear Fluorescent Tube Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-9-c (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Effective:
End:
Portfolio 25
1/1/04
TBD
Referenced Documents: a)2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03
Description
Generic linear fluorescent tube fixture(s) replaces an interior lighting fixture in a residential new
construction application. This category includes surface ceiling and surface wall fixtures using a linear
fluorescent tube.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.3583
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
903
323.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((394.2 – 69.1 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.3251
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.3251 * 1,102) = 358.3
Where:
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
WattsBASE
= Baseline connected kW
WattsEE
= Energy efficient connected kW
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
ISR
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
HOURS
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an interior incandescent lighting fixture.
High Efficiency
An interior lighting fixture with one or more florescent tube lamps. Generic linear florescent tubes include
T-12s, T-8s, T-5s, as well as U-tubes.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours per year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
14%
Spillover
10%
294
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $30.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
295
Ventilation End Use
Ventilation Fan
Measure Number: VI-D-1-d
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
6/01/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Efficient ventilation fan.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 169
Demand Savings
kW = 0.06
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.06kW = 0.06 kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt fan)
169
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 Watts).
High Efficiency
High efficiency ventilation fan (20 Watts).
Operating Hours
2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
Ventilation
#10
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%327
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$90
327
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
296
Lifetime
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
297
Space Heating End Use
Heating Savings
Measure Number: VI-E-1-f (Residential New Construction, Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls
Description
Reduced heating consumption due to shell and HVAC improvements.
Estimated Measure Impacts
5-Star SFD
4-Star Plus SFD
5-Star SFA
4-Star Plus SFA
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.1270
0.0695
0.1128
0.08
Average number of
measures per year
121
139
115
45
Algorithms
Energy Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 127.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 69.5
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 112.8
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 80.0
5-Star Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
Demand Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.1510
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.0826
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.1341
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.0951
5-Star Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross utility coincident peak kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets VT Energy Code minimums by receiving 82 RBES points.
High Efficiency
High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus.
Operating Hours
841 hours / year
298
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
15.4
9.7
1.3
3.6
Loadshape
Loadshape #5, Residential Space Heat, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%328
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
5-Star Home = $500 329
4-Star Plus Home = $250 330
Incentive Level
$0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 7.93
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 9.67
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 11.40
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 4.34
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 5.29
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 6.24
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 22.36
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 3.40
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 15.85
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 2.41
Multifamily Homes custom for all fuel types.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
328
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
5-Star Home incremental cost = $1,000. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW
330 4-Star Plus incremental cost = $500. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW.
329
299
Space Cooling End Use
Central Air Conditioner
Measure Number: VI-F-1-e (Residential New Construction, Space Cooling End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls
Description
Reduced pump and motor use from space cooling load reductions.
Estimated Measure Impacts
5-Star SFD
4-Star Plus SFD
5-Star SFA
4-Star Plus SFD
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.2410
0.1385
0.1795
0.1635
Average number of
measures per year
10
4
17
33
Algorithms
Energy Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 241.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 138.5
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 179.5
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 163.5
5-Star Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
Demand Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 1.205
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.6925
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.8975
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.8175
5-Star Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross utility coincident peak kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets VT Energy Code minimums receiving 82 RBES points.
High Efficiency
High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus.
300
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
2.4
0.6
3.1
5.4
Operating Hours
200331 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #11, Residential A/C, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%332
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
5-Star Home = $0 (Cost built into 5-star home heating and DHW inputs)
4-Star Plus Home = $0 (Cost built into advantage home heating and DHW inputs)
Incentive Level
$0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
331
332
Consistent with full load hours used in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
301
Water Heating End Use
Fossil Fuel Water Heater
Measure Number: VI-G-1-e (Residential New Construction, Water Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls;
Description
Increase in efficiency of DHW system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
5-Star SFD
4-Star Plus SFD
5-Star SFA
4-Star Plus SFD
Algorithms
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0
0
0
0
Average number of
measures per year
120
139
115
45
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
0
0
0
0
Energy Savings
There are no electricity savings associated with this measure. See Fossil Fuel Savings below for related
energy savings.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets VT Energy Code minimums receiving 82 RBES points.
High Efficiency
High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus.
Operating Hours
8760 333hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #7, Residential DHW Insulation
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%334
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
333
334
Based on full load hours for DHW insulation in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
302
Measure Cost
5-Star Home = $500 335
4-Star Plus Home = $250 336
Incentive Level
$0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 2.28
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 2.82
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane =3.23
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 1.189
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 1.46
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 1.673
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 9.53
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 0.48
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 4.97
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 0.25
Multifamily Homes custom for all fuel types.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
335
336
5-Star Home incremental cost = $1,000. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW.
4-Star Plus Home incremental cost = $500. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW.
303
Dishwashing End Use
Energy Star Dishwasher
Measure Number: VI-H-1-d (Residential New Construction, Dishwashing End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update, Final Report for National Grid
USA, June 28, 2000; 2)RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls
Description
A dishwasher meeting ENERGY STAR efficiency specifications replaces a standard model.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0347
Average number of measures per
year
56
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
1.94
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 34.7337
Demand Savings
kW =0.010
Where:
kWh338
kW339
MMBtuoil
MMBtugas
MMBtupropane
CCF
= the weighted average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency
(see Table below)
= weighted average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency
= the weighted average customer MMBtu (million Btu)of oil savings from
upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of natural gas energy savings (see
Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of propane energy savings (see Table
below
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet from upgrading to high
efficiency340
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects the minimum federal efficiency standards for dishwashers effective January 1, 2001
with an energy factor >=0.46
High Efficiency
High Efficiency is an ENERGY STAR dishwasher meeting specifications of the Energy Star program
effective January 1, 2001 with an energy factor >=0.62 and estimated cycles of 215 per year.
337See
reference table at the end of this characterization.
See RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls).
339 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening
Tool.
340 Based on CEE estimate of savings. Agreed to by DPS in negotiations on EVT TRB goal (September 2000).
338
304
Operating Hours
N/A
Loadshape
Residential DHW Conservation, #8. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
10%341
Spillover
10%342
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
13 years.343
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $27
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtuoil
= 0.07
MMBtugas
= 0.18
MMBtupropane = 0.10
Water Descriptions
CCF=0.14344
Reference Tables
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater Fuel Type in RNC Homes 345
DHW Fuel Type
Electric DHW
Oil DHW
Gas DHW
Propane DHW
Weighted Average
Adjusted
Frequency
0.0%
19%
52%
29%
Per Unit Savings
KWh
MMBTU Oil
115.7
34.7
34.7
34.7
34.7
341
0.00
0.35
0.00
0
0.07
MMBTU Gas
0.00
0.00
0.35
0
0.18
MMBTU
Propane
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.10
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
343 Koomey, Jonathan et al. (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab), Projected Regional Impacts of Appliance Efficiency
Standards for the U.S. Residential Sector, February 1998.
344 Assumes 0.5 gal less water use per cycle. (RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update, Final Report for National
Grid USA, June 28, 2000)
345 Source: RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls
342
305
Residential Emerging Markets Program
Hot Water End Use
Tank Wrap
Measure Number: VII-A-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.315
Average number of measures per
year
32
Gross MWH savings per year
10.08
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh =315
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.37
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 346
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency347
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
Operating Hours
N/A
346
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
347 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
306
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$35
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
307
Pipe Wrap
Measure Number: VII-A-2-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.033
Average number of measures per
year
21
Gross MWH savings per year
.693
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 33
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0038
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
33
0.0038
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 348
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency349
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Operating Hours
N/A
348
349
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours).
308
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$15
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
309
Tank Temperature Turn-Down
Measure Number: VII-A-3-a (Residential Emerging Markets, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective Date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.146
Average number of measures per
year
21
Gross MWH savings per year
3.066
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 146 kWh
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 8760
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
146
kW
8760
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 350
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees,
typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees.
Operating Hours
N/A
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
350
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
310
All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
4 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$5
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
311
Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: VII-A-4-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.340
Average number of measures per
year
21
Gross MWH savings per year
7.41
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 340
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0997
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
340
kW
0.0997
CCF
4.6
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 351
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 352
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Operating Hours
N/A
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
351
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
352
312
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$15
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
CCF = 4.6353
353
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
313
Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: VII-A-5-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.057
Average number of measures per
year
30
Gross MWH savings per year
1.71
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 57
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0171
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
57
kW
0.0171
CCF
2.0
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 354
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency355
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Operating Hours
N/A
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
354
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
355
314
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$6
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
CCF = 2.0356
356
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
315
Hot Water End Use (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-11-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures per
year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
25
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
316
Fossil Fuel Descriptions357
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the pipe wrap measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.15
MMBtunatgas
= 0.15
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.15
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
357
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
317
Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-12-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated electricity savings associated with the measure is for a
six week period as this represents the average lag time between measure installation and replacement of the
electric water heater.358
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit (six weeks)
Average number of measures per
year
0.36
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0.9
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 315 (if measure remains active over a 12 month period)
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.037
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 359
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency360
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
358
Source: Jim Massie, VEIC, Efficiency VT (7/8/02).
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation, WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
360 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
359
318
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh (RPF)
(CF)
Application Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Six weeks of savings based on the time lag after the measure is installed and the electric water heater
system is replaced with a fossil fuel based electric water heater system. Analysis period is the same as the
lifetime.
Measure Cost
$35
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $35.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
319
Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-13-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio14, July ’02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP;
West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures per
year
0
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6361
Where:
CCF
4.6
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
361
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
320
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions362
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow shower head measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 1.15
MMBtunatgas
= 1.15
MMBtuliq.propane = 1.15
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 4.6 CCF.
362
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated measure life of 30 years.
321
Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel
Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-14-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP;
West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures per
year
0
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0363
Where:
CCF
2.0
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $6
363
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
322
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $6.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions364
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow faucet aerator are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.26
MMBtunatgas
= 0.26
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.26
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 2.0 CCF.
364
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
323
Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: VII-B-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
Description
An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
N/A
Average number of measures per
year
831
Gross MWH savings per year
N/A
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp.
Operating Hours
Based on site-specific data. Generally, a lamp used more than two hours daily.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
5.8%
3.1%
5.6%
per hour
per hour
per hour
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
27.7%
of daily
of daily
of daily
burn time burn time burn time
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
324
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. Range: $14 to $18 (installed cost).
O&M Cost Adjustments
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference table.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
Reference Tables
CFL Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lifetime Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lifetime Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
CFL O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
O&M Savings
$1.43
$2.82
$4.21
$5.60
$6.13
$6.61
$8.15
$8.37
$8.51
$8.89
325
Space Heating End Use
Efficient Furnace Fan Motor on an ENERGY STAR Furnace
Measure Number: VII-C-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Sachs & Smith Furnace Fan Report 2003.pdf; 2) Pigg, S. 2003. “Electricity Use
by New Furnaces: A Wisconsin Field Study”. Energy Center of Wisconsin, published in Energy Design
Update, September, 2003; 3) Furnace Fan Motor Savings 2003.xls,
Description
This measure will provide incentives for installing an ENERGY STAR qualified furnace with a high
efficiency brushless permanent magnet fan motor (BPM, also called ECM, ICM, and other terms), hereafter
referred to as “efficient fan motor”. This prescriptive measure will apply when retrofitting an existing unit
or installing a new furnace. The incentive offer and savings estimation relate only to the efficiency gains
associated with an upgrade to an efficient fan motor.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Oil Furnace w/
Efficient Motor
Nat. Gas Furnace
w/ Efficient Motor
Propane Furnace
w/ Efficient Motor
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.8247
Average number of
measures per year
0
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
0
0.8247
480
395.9
0.8247
120
99.0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
No summer kW savings.365
Energy Savings
kWh
= (Heating kWh savings* % Heating) + (YearRound kWh
savings*%YearRound)
kWh
= ((548366 * 0.90367) + (3315368 * 0.10369)) =824.7
Where:
365
Summer connected load kW savings are considered to be too small for EVT tracking.
New England winter kWh savings for efficient furnace fan motors. Sachs, H.M and Smith, S. 2003. “Saving
Energy with Efficient Residential Furnace Air Handlers: A Status Report and Program Recommendations.” Report No.
A033. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
367 EVT estimates 90% of furnace fan motors used for heating purposes only.
368 Estimate savings of 3400 kWh/yr for heating/cooling/and year round blower fan operation. Estimate 85 kWh for
cooling. Subtracting cooling kWh equals 3,315 kWh savings for heating and year round blower fan operation.
Pigg, S. 2003. “Electricity Use by New Furnaces: A Wisconsin Field Study”. Energy Center of Wisconsin
369 EVT estimates 10% of furnace fan motors used for year round air circulation in addition to heating use.
366
326
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
Heating kWh savings
= kWh savings during heating season
% Heating
= Estimated percent of furnace fan motors used for heating only
YearRound kWh savings = Estimated percent of furnace fan motors used for heating and year
round air circulation.
%YearRound
= Estimated percent of furnace fan motors used for year round air
circulation
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
A furnace meeting minimum Federal efficiency standards using a low-efficiency permanent split capacitor
(PSC) fan motor.
High Efficiency
The installed furnace must be ENERGY STAR qualified, residential sized, i.e. <=200,000 Btu/hr unit that
meets the CEE criteria for electricity consumption by the furnace fan motor 370, a ratio of annual electricity
used to total energy use, 3.4123*EAE/(3.4123*EAE + 1000*EF), less than 2%. 150 to 200 models currently
meet this criterion.
Operating Hours371
2080 hours / year
Loadshape
Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool Loadshape #5, Residential Space Heat.
Freeridership
5%372
Spillover
0%373
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
18 years.374
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$200375
Incentive Level
$200.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
370
EAE is the annual electric energy use (kWh/yr) during the heating season and E F is the annual fuel energy use during
the heating season (MMBtu/yr).
371 Sachs, H.M and Smith, S. 2003. “Saving Energy with Efficient Residential Furnace Air Handlers: A Status Report
and Program Recommendations.” Report No. A033. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
372 EVT estimate.
373 EVT estimate.
374 id Sachs and Smith, 2003.
375 Estimated incremental cost for efficient motor only. Sachs and Smith, 2003.
327
Fossil Fuel Descriptions376
MMBtu Oil
= 1.36
MMBtu Gas
= 0.25
MMBtu Propane = 0.49
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Table
E-Star Furnace w/ Efficient
Furnace Fan Motor: kWh and
MMBtu Savings
Oil Furnace: 78 to 90 AFUE
Nat. Gas Furnace: 78 to 94 AFUE
Propane Furnace: 78 to 90 AFUE
Total
Adj. Fuel
Distribution
64.9%
11.7%
23.4%
100.0%
Fan
kWh
Savings
548
548
548
548
376
Oil
MMBtu
Penalty
1.36
Nat. Gas
MMBtu
Cons.
Propane
MMBtu
Cons.
Total
MMBtu
Cons.
0.25
0.49
Sachs and Smith, 2003 estimate efficient motor use requires an additional 21 therms of fossil fuel energy due to the
loss of waste heat from non-efficient furnace fan motors. Furnace fuel adjustments per 1997-1998 Vermont
Residential Fuel Wood Study, Page 12.
328
2.1
Space Cooling End Use
ENERGY STAR Central Air Conditioner
Measure Number: VII-D-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets, Space Cooling End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) CAC 2004 kWh Savings.doc
Description
This measure will provide incentives for upgrading the total system to an ENERGY STAR qualified central
air conditioner (CAC) when retrofitting an existing unit or installing a new CAC in existing homes. This
will be a stand-alone prescriptive measure. Mini-split CAC systems are not eligible.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
E-Star Central A/C
0.3115
Average number of
measures per year
500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
155.8
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((EEREE - EERBASE)/ EEREE)*(( BtuH /( EERBASE *1000)))
kW
=((11.6-9.2)/11.6)*((36000/(9.2*1000)))=0.8096
Energy Savings
kWh
= ((SEEREE - SEERBASE)/ SEEREE)+ *(( BtuH /( SEERBASE *1000))*Hours)))
kWh
=((13-10)/13)*((36000/(10*1000))*375)))=311.5
Where:
kW
EEREE
EERBASE
BtuH
kWh
SEEREE
SEERBASE
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
=EER rating for efficient CAC unit
= EER rating for baseline CAC unit
= CAC unit size in British thermal units per hour
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
=SEER rating for efficient CAC unit
= SEER rating for baseline CAC unit
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets minimum Federal standards for residential central air conditioner
High Efficiency
ENERGY STAR qualified377, residential sized, i.e. <=65,000 Btu/hr, central air-conditioning units. During
the second year of this initiative, proper sizing using a Manual J calculation or similar heat loss calculation
will also be required. 378
377
The current ENERGY STAR standard is >= 13 SEER and >=11 EER for split systems.
The savings characterization for this measure is based solely on split systems. It is assumed that most residential
units are split systems. The rebate form will track whether the installed unit is a split or package unit. Based on this
ratio the savings will be adjusted in subsequent years if necessary.
378
329
Operating Hours
375 hours / year379
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Consistent with load profile #11, Residential A/C.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
18 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$379.380
Incentive Level
$250.381
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
379
EVT applied 25% adjustment factor to U.S. Climate Cooling Region 2 Full Load Hours of 500 hours for 375 hours.
Incremental cost from 10 to 13 SEER is $379 when adjusted to 2003 dollars. Technical Support Document for
Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps. Appendix
J, Table J-1. U.S. Department of Energy, May, 2002.
381 There will be a $250 incentive for this measure: $100 going to the consumer and $150 going to the contractor. The
contractor will be required to provide the customer name and address to prove the unit was installed in VT in order to
receive the incentive. Proof of a Manual J calculation will be required starting in the second year of the program. The
consumer will mail-in an incentive coupon with a copy of the bill of sale.
380
330
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