1/1/04 255 S. Champlain Street, Burlington, VT 05401-4717 (888) 921-5990 (toll-free) (802) 658-1643 (fax) Technical Reference User Manual (TRM) No. 2004-25 Measure Savings Algorithms and Cost Assumptions Through Portfolio 25 Previous TRM User Manual Versions Sent to VT Department of Public Service: TRM Number No. 4-16 No. 2004-25 Updated Through Portfolio No. 16 25 Please send questions and comments to: Toben Galvin Efficiency Vermont 255 S. Champlain Street Burlington, VT 05401 (802) 658-6060 x1110 tgalvin@veic.org Date Sent to DPS 1/13/03 1/1/04 Table of Contents (This page is formatted so a reader can click on the page number and link to the associated page) INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6 GROSS-TO-NET SAVINGS CALCULATION ........................................................................................ 6 INTERACTIVE EFFECTS ......................................................................................................................... 7 PERSISTENCE ............................................................................................................................................ 7 GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................. 9 LOADSHAPES ............................................................................................................................................10 COMMERCIAL ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................................14 MOTORS END USE ......................................................................................................................................14 Efficient Motors .....................................................................................................................................14 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) ........................................................................................................18 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental Remediation Projects .......................................23 Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors .......................................................................................26 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms .............................................................................30 HVAC END USE ........................................................................................................................................33 Unitary HVAC .......................................................................................................................................33 HVAC END USE ........................................................................................................................................37 Dual Enthalpy Economizer ....................................................................................................................37 LIGHTING END USE ....................................................................................................................................40 T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast .......................................................................................................40 CFL Fixture ...........................................................................................................................................44 Exterior HID..........................................................................................................................................47 LED Exit Sign ........................................................................................................................................49 Lighting Controls...................................................................................................................................51 LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals ...........................................................................................................54 HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide ................................................................................57 CFL Screw-in ........................................................................................................................................60 Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with Electronic Ballast........................................63 Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast ...............................................................65 TRANSFORMER END USE ............................................................................................................................67 Energy Star Transformers .....................................................................................................................67 REFRIGERATION END USE ..........................................................................................................................70 Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines ..................................................................................70 Refrigerated Case Covers ......................................................................................................................72 Refrigeration Economizer......................................................................................................................74 Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators .....................................................................................................77 Commercial Reach-In Freezer ..............................................................................................................80 Commercial Ice-makers ........................................................................................................................83 Evaporator Fan Motor Controls ...........................................................................................................87 Permanent Split Capacitor Motor .........................................................................................................89 Zero-Energy Doors ................................................................................................................................91 Door Heater Controls............................................................................................................................93 Discus and Scroll Compressors .............................................................................................................95 Floating Head Pressure Control ...........................................................................................................98 COMPRESSED AIR END USE......................................................................................................................101 Compressed Air – Non-Controls .........................................................................................................101 Compressed Air – Controls .................................................................................................................103 SNOW MAKING END USE .........................................................................................................................105 Snow Making .......................................................................................................................................105 MONITOR POWER MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................107 2 EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software ..................................................................................107 COMMERCIAL ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES (ACT 250 AND COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) ....111 LIGHTING END USE (ACT 250 AND COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) .................................................................111 Non-Control Lighting (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track) ...............................................................111 Lighting Controls.................................................................................................................................126 MOTORS END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) .....................................................................129 Efficient Motors ...................................................................................................................................129 HVAC END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) ........................................................................134 Electric HVAC .....................................................................................................................................134 Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing ........................................................................................146 HOT WATER END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK) ...............................................................148 Efficient Hot Water Heater ..................................................................................................................148 SPACE HEATING END USE (ACT 250 OR COMPREHENSIVE TRACK)..........................................................151 Efficient Space Heating Equipment .....................................................................................................151 Envelope ..............................................................................................................................................154 LOW INCOME MULTIFAMILY PROGRAM (REEP) .......................................................................161 LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................161 CFL......................................................................................................................................................161 Lighting ...............................................................................................................................................163 CFL Lighting Package Reinstall .........................................................................................................168 CLOTHES WASHING END USE ..................................................................................................................171 Clothes Dryer ......................................................................................................................................171 ENERGY STAR Commercial Clothes Washer .....................................................................................173 REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................176 Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................176 Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines ................................................................................178 VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................180 Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................180 SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................182 Heating System ....................................................................................................................................182 Thermal Shell Upgrades ......................................................................................................................183 AIR CONDITIONING END USE ...................................................................................................................185 Energy Star Air Conditioner................................................................................................................185 HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................187 Water Conservation .............................................................................................................................187 Domestic Hot Water System ................................................................................................................189 Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................189 Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................192 WATER CONSERVATION END USE............................................................................................................194 Toilet Diverter .....................................................................................................................................194 EFFICIENT PRODUCTS PROGRAM ..................................................................................................196 CLOTHES WASHING END USE ..................................................................................................................196 ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer ..........................................................................................................196 REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................199 Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................199 ENERGY STAR Freezer ......................................................................................................................201 DISHWASHING END USE ...........................................................................................................................203 Energy Star Dish Washer ....................................................................................................................203 AIR CONDITIONING END USE ...................................................................................................................205 Energy Star Room Air Conditioner .....................................................................................................205 LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................208 CFL......................................................................................................................................................208 Torchiere .............................................................................................................................................211 Dedicated CF Table Lamps .................................................................................................................214 Dedicated CF Floor Lamp ..................................................................................................................217 Interior Fluorescent Fixture ................................................................................................................220 Exterior Fluorescent Fixture ...............................................................................................................223 3 CEILING FAN END USE .............................................................................................................................226 Energy Star Ceiling Fans ....................................................................................................................226 LOW INCOME SINGLE-FAMILY PROGRAM ..................................................................................229 HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................229 Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................229 Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................231 Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................233 Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................235 Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................237 HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ......................................................239 Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................239 Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................241 Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) .........................................................243 Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ......................................................245 WATERBED END USE ...............................................................................................................................247 Waterbed Insulating Pad .....................................................................................................................247 LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................249 CFL......................................................................................................................................................249 Fluorescent Fixture .............................................................................................................................251 Torchiere .............................................................................................................................................253 CFL by Mail ........................................................................................................................................255 VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................258 Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................258 REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................260 Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................260 RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM ........................................................................262 HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................262 Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................262 Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................264 Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................266 Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................268 Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................270 REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................272 Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................272 Efficient Refrigerators .........................................................................................................................274 LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................276 Interior Surface Fluorescent Fixture ...................................................................................................276 Interior Recessed Fluorescent Fixture ................................................................................................278 Interior Other Fluorescent Fixture ......................................................................................................280 Exterior Fluorescent Fixture ...............................................................................................................282 Exterior HID Fixture ...........................................................................................................................284 Exterior Motion Sensor .......................................................................................................................286 LED Exit Sign ......................................................................................................................................288 Interior CFL Direct Install ..................................................................................................................290 Exterior CFL Direct Install .................................................................................................................292 Generic Linear Fluorescent Tube Fixture ...........................................................................................294 VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................296 Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................296 SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................298 Heating Savings ...................................................................................................................................298 SPACE COOLING END USE ........................................................................................................................300 Central Air Conditioner ......................................................................................................................300 WATER HEATING END USE ......................................................................................................................302 Fossil Fuel Water Heater ....................................................................................................................302 DISHWASHING END USE ...........................................................................................................................304 Energy Star Dishwasher ......................................................................................................................304 RESIDENTIAL EMERGING MARKETS PROGRAM .......................................................................306 4 HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................306 Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................306 Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................308 Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................310 Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................312 Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................314 HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ......................................................316 Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................316 Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................318 Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) .........................................................320 Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ......................................................322 LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................324 CFL......................................................................................................................................................324 SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................326 Efficient Furnace Fan Motor on an ENERGY STAR Furnace ............................................................326 SPACE COOLING END USE ........................................................................................................................329 ENERGY STAR Central Air Conditioner ............................................................................................329 5 Introduction This reference manual provides methods, formulas and default assumptions for estimating energy and peak impacts from measures and projects promoted by Efficiency Vermont’s energy efficiency programs. The reference manual is organized by program (or program component), end use and measure. Each section provides mathematical equations for determining savings (algorithms), as well as default assumptions for all equation parameters that are not based on site-specific information. In addition, any descriptions of calculation methods or baselines are provided, as appropriate. The parameters for calculating savings are listed in the same order for each measure. In order to maintain a similar appearance for all of the measure assumption pages, large tables are located at the end of the measure assumptions under the Reference Tables category. Algorithms are provided for estimating annual energy and demand impacts. Data assumptions are based on Vermont data, where available. Where Vermont data was not available, data from neighboring regions is used, including New York, New Jersey and New England, where available. In some cases, engineering judgment is used. Gross-to-Net Savings Calculation The algorithms shown with each measure calculate gross customer electric savings without counting the effects of line losses from the generator to the customer, freeridership, spillover, or persistence. The algorithms also do not distribute the savings among the different costing periods. The formulae for converting gross customer-level savings to net generation-level savings (counting freeridership, spillover and persistence) for the different costing periods is as follows: netkWhi = kWh (1+LLFi) (1-FR+SPL) PF RPFi netkWj = kW (1+LLFj) (1-FR+SPL) PF CFj Where: netkWhi = kWh energy savings at generation-level, net of free riders and persistence, and including spillover, for period i i = subscript used to denote variable energy rating periods (Winter Peak, Winter Off-Peak, Summer Peak, Summer Off-Peak). kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure LLFi = line loss factor for period i FR = freeridership SPL = spillover for measure PF = persistence factor for measure RPFi = rating period factor for period i netkWj = kW demand savings, net of free riders and persistence, and including spillover, for season j j = subscript used to denote variable seasonal peaks (Summer, Winter and Spring/Fall). kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure LLFj = line loss factor for seasonal peak j CFj = the percent of kW savings that is concurrent with Vermont’s seasonal peak, for season j All of the parameters except line loss factors (LLF) for the above equations may be found in the specific section for the measure. The line loss factors do not vary by measure, but by costing period, and are in the following table: 6 Line Loss Factors Energy (LLFi) Winter Peak Period 19.88% Winter Off- Summer Peak Peak Period Period 14.88% 17.97% Peak (LLFj) Summer Off-Peak Period 13.51% Winter Peak Summer Peak Spring/Fall Peak 14.2% 13.3% 12.8% The free ridership and spillover factors are related to but slightly different from the freeridership and spillover rates used in the gross-to-net equation. Free ridership and spillover factors are defined as follows: Free ridership factor = 1 – FR Spillover factor = 1 + SPL Interactive Effects The TRM provides specific savings algorithms for many prescriptive measures. When a customer installs a prescriptive measure, the savings are determined according to these algorithms. In some cases these algorithms include the effects of interactions with other measures or end uses (e.g., cooling and heating effects from interior lighting waste heat). For “custom” measures, EVT performs site-specific customized calculations. In this case, EVT takes into account interactions between measures (e.g., individual savings from installation of window film and replacement of a chiller are not additive because the first measure reduces the cooling load met by the second measure). EVT will calculate total savings for the package of custom measures being installed, considering interactive effects, either as a single package or in rank order of measures as described below. If a “custom” project includes both prescriptive and custom measures, the prescriptive measures will be calculated in the normal manner. However, the prescriptive measures will be assumed to be installed prior to determining the impacts for the custom measures. Custom interior lighting measures will use the standard prescriptive algorithm to estimating waste heat impacts. In most cases of multiple custom measures EVT models a single custom package including all measures the customer will install. This modeling effectively accounts for all interactions between measures, and the “package” is tracked in FastTrack as a single “measure.” In instances where modeling is not completed on a package of measures, and where individual measures are separately listed in FastTrack with measurespecific savings EVT will use the following protocol (typically lighting only projects). To determine custom measure savings EVT will calculate measure impacts in descending order of measure life (i.e., starting with the longest lived measure). The procedure is to calculate savings for the longest lived measure first, then consider that measure’s impact on the next longest lived measure, and so on. This is because a short-lived measure can reduce savings from a long-lived measure, but only for part of its life. Since tracking system limitations require that annual measure savings remain constant for all years, this is the only way to ensure proper lifetime savings and total resource benefits are captured. For example, fixing compressed air leaks can reduce savings from installing a new compressor. However, leak repair only lasts 1 year. If the leak repair savings were calculated first the calculated lifetime savings and benefits from the compressor would be unreasonably low because compressor savings would go back up starting in year 2. Persistence Persistence factors may be used to reduce lifetime measure savings in recognition that initial engineering estimates of annual savings may not persist long term. This might be because a measure is removed or breaks prior to the end of its normal engineering lifetime, because it is not properly maintained over its lifetime, because it is overridden or goes out of calibration (controls only), or some other reason. Each measure algorithm contains an entry for persistence factor. The default value if none is indicated is 1.00 (100%). A value lower than 1.00 will result in a downward adjustment of lifetime savings and total resource benefits. For any measure with a persistence value less than 1.00, the normal measure life (“Engineering Measure Life”) will be reduced to arrive at an “Adjusted Measure Life” for purposes of measure screening, savings and TRB claims, and tracking. The “Adjusted Measure Life” used will be equal 7 to the product of the Engineering Measure Life and the persistence factor. Both the Engineering Measure Life and the Adjusted Measure Life will be shown in each measure algorithm. All data in FastTrack and CAT indicating “measure life” shall be equal to “Adjusted Measure Life.” 8 Glossary The following glossary provides definitions for necessary assumptions needed to calculate measure savings. Baseline Efficiency (base): The assumed standard efficiency of equipment, absent an Efficiency Vermont program. Coincidence Factor (CF): Coincidence factors represent the fraction of connected load expected to be coincident with a particular system peak period, on a diversified basis. Coincidence factors are provided for summer, winter and spring/fall peak periods. Connected Load: The maximum wattage of the equipment, under normal operating conditions. Freeridership (FR): The fraction of gross program savings that would have occurred despite the program. Full Load Hours (FLH): The equivalent hours that equipment would need to operate at its peak capacity in order to consume its estimated annual kWh consumption (annual kWh/connected kW). High Efficiency (effic): The efficiency of the energy-saving equipment installed as a result of an efficiency program. Lifetimes: The number of years (or hours) that the new high efficiency equipment is expected to function. These are generally based on engineering lives, but sometimes adjusted based on expectations about frequency of remodeling or demolition. Line Loss Factor (LLF): The marginal electricity losses from the generator to the customer – expressed as a percent of meter-level savings. The Energy Line Loss Factors vary by period. The Peak Line Loss Factors reflect losses at the time of system peak, and are shown for three seasons of the year. Line loss factors are the same for all measures. See the Gross-to-Net Calculation section for specific values. Load Factor (LF): The fraction of full load (wattage) for which the equipment is typically run. Operating Hours (HOURS): The annual hours that equipment is expected to operate. Persistence (PF): The fraction of gross measure savings obtained over the measure life. Rating Period Factor (RPF): Percentages for defined times of the year that describe when energy savings will be realized for a specific measure. Spillover (SPL): Savings attributable to the program, but generated by customers not directly participating in the program. Expressed as a fraction of gross savings. All values can be changed as new information becomes available. 9 Loadshapes The following table includes a listing of measure end-uses and associated loadshapes. In some cases, the loadshapes have been developed through negotiations between Efficiency Vermont and the Vermont Department of Public Service. In other cases, these loadshapes are based on engineering judgment. Loadshape Table of Contents EndUse Residential Indoor Lighting Residential Outdoor Lighting Residential Outdoor HID Residential Refrigerator Residential Space heat Residential DHW fuel switch Residential DHW insulation Residential DHW conserve Residential Clothes Washer Residential Ventilation Residential A/C Commercial Indoor Lighting Commercial Indoor Lighting Commercial Outdoor Lighting Commercial Refrigeration Commercial A/C Commercial A/C Commercial Ventilation motor Commercial # Winteron kWh 1 28.7% Winteroff kWh 7.6% Summer -on kWh Summer -off kWh 36.0% 27.7% 2 19.8% 13.0% 28.9% 38.3% 11.4% 5.5% 11.2% 3 19.8% 13.0% 28.9% 38.3% 29.8% 14.5% 29.4% 4 22.5% 10.8% 33.7% 33.0% 62.3% 60.0% 56.8% 5 45.5% 24.3% 16.7% 13.5% 26.9% 0.0% 9.8% 6 31.6% 6.2% 37.1% 25.1% 45.4% 29.0% 44.1% 7 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 8 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% 9 34.2% 3.7% 42.0% 20.1% 7.3% 5.4% 6.1% 10 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 32.2% 32.2% 32.2% 11 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0.0% 60.0% 0.0% 12 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 54.6% 56.2% 54.6% 12a 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 67.2% 72.0% 61.8% 13 19.9% 13.2% 30.3% 36.6% 35.0% 15.2% 35.0% 14 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% 59.5% 85.8% 63.4% 15 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 40.2% 36.0% 15.3% 15a 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 0.3% 80.0% 40.2% 16 16.9% 7.6% 37.2% 38.3% 36.5% 47.5% 42.0% 17 44.3% 37.8% 6.9% 11.0% 37.2% 0.3% 19.3% 10 Winter kW Summer kW Fall-Spring kW 23.2% 12.3% 22.3% Space heat Industrial Indoor Lighting Industrial Outdoor Lighting Industrial A/C Industrial A/C Industrial Motor Industrial Space heat Industrial Process Dairy Farm Combined End Uses Flat (8760 hours) HVAC Pump (heating) HVAC Pump (cooling) HVAC Pump (unknown use) Traffic Signal - Red Balls, always changing or flashing Traffic Signal - Red Balls, changing day, off night Traffic Signal - Green Balls, always changing Traffic Signal - Green Balls, changing day, off night Traffic Signal - Red Arrows Traffic Signal - Green Arrows Traffic Signal - Flashing Yellows Traffic Signal - “Hand” Don’t Walk Signal Traffic Signal - “Man” Walk 18 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 92.2% 94.9% 92.2% 19 19.9% 13.3% 30.2% 36.6% 35.0% 15.2% 35.0% 20 20a 21 0.3% 0.3% 29.2% 0.1% 0.1% 4.2% 51.8% 51.8% 58.3% 47.8% 47.8% 8.3% 40.2% 0.3% 65.7% 36.0% 80.0% 90.0% 15.3% 40.2% 65.7% 22 44.3% 37.8% 6.9% 11.0% 37.2% 0.3% 19.3% 23 29.2% 4.2% 58.3% 8.3% 65.7% 90.0% 65.7% 24 30.2% 6.3% 39.9% 23.6% 42.7% 22.3% 37.0% 25 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 26 38.1% 19.0% 20.4% 22.5% 100.0% 0.0% 79.7% 27 0.0% 0.0% 47.6% 52.4% 0.0% 100.0% 39.9% 28 19.0% 9.5% 34.0% 37.5% 50.0% 50.0% 59.8% 29 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 55.0% 55.0% 55.0% 30 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 55.0% 55.0% 55.0% 31 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 42.0% 42.0% 42.0% 32 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 42.0% 42.0% 42.0% 33 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 34 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% 35 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 50.0% 50.0% 50.0% 36 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 75.0% 75.0% 75.0% 37 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 21.0% 21.0% 21.0% 11 Signal Commercial HP 0-65 kBTUh Commercial HP 0-65 kBTUh Commercial HP 65-375 kBTUh Commercial HP 65-375 kBTUh Commercial PTHP Commercial PTHP Commercial Water-Source HP Commercial Water-Source HP Transformer Vending Miser Compressed Air - 1-shift (8/5) Compressed Air - 2-shift (16/5) Compressed Air - 3-shift (24/5) Compressed Air - 4-shift (24/7) Storage ESH (Statewide) Controlled ESH (Statewide) Storage ESH (GMP) Controlled ESH (GMP) Controlled DHW Fuel Switch Controlled DHW Insulation Controlled DHW Conservation VFD Supply fans <10 HP VFD Return 38 31.2% 26.6% 20.2% 21.9% 37.5% 33.8% 33.5% 38a 31.2% 26.6% 20.2% 22% 37.5% 74.8% 56.7% 39 29.6% 25.2% 21.9% 23.3% 37.5% 36.3% 34.6% 39a 29.6% 25.2% 21.9% 23.3% 37.5% 80.3% 59.5% 40 29.5% 25.1% 22.0% 23.4% 37.5% 36.3% 34.6% 40a 29.5% 25.1% 22.0% 23.4% 37.5% 80.3% 59.5% 41 23.1% 19.7% 28.5% 28.7% 37.5% 36.3% 34.6% 41a 23.1% 19.7% 28.5% 28.7% 37.5% 80.3% 59.5% 42 43 28.0% 6.6% 5.0% 26.5% 42.0% 9.6% 25.0% 57.3% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% 0.0% 44 33.2% 0.0% 66.8% 0.0% 39.7% 66.7% 39.7% 45 31.1% 2.1% 62.6% 4.2% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 46 22.1% 11.1% 44.5% 22.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 47 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 48 15.9% 65.4% 2.5% 16.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 49 15.9% 65.4% 2.5% 16.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 50 42.9% 38.4% 7.0% 11.7% 4.3% 0.3% 0.2% 51 57.9% 23.4% 9.5% 9.2% 5.2% 0.2% 3.0% 52 31.6% 6.2% 37.1% 25.1% 33.2% 22.9% 30.9% 53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 73.0% 79.0% 70.0% 54 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 56.6% 38.0% 45.4% 55 23.5% 6.0% 47.5% 23.0% 100.0% 41.0% 71.0% 56 23.5% 6.0% 47.5% 23.0% 100.0% 66.0% 83.0% 12 fans <10 HP VFD Exhaust fans <10 HP VFD Boiler feedwater pumps <10 HP VFD Chilled water pumps <10 HP Economizer VFD Milk Vacuum Pump Computer Office Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus Continuous C&I Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus Refrigeration Economizer Strip Curtain Evaporator Fan Control Door Heater Control Floating Head Pressure Control 57 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 37.0% 69.0% 58 44.0% 38.0% 7.0% 11.0% 100.0% 67.0% 83.0% 59 0.2% 0.1% 52.0% 48.0% 0.0% 100.0% 50.0% 60 61 16.9% 25.4% 7.6% 7.6% 37.2% 36.8% 38.3% 30.2% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0% 24.4% 56.3% 49.0% 62 21.2% 11.9% 29.0% 37.9% 25.4% 23.5% 26.3% 63 24.9% 4.8% 43.1% 27.2% 48.0% 72.0% 44.1% 64 24.9% 4.8% 43.1% 27.2% 65.9% 94.9% 65.9% 65 19.7% 9.9% 34.1% 36.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 66 53.0% 28.4% 8.0% 10.6% 100.0% 0.0% 30.0% 67 68 19.7% 26.7% 9.5% 14.0% 35.9% 24.1% 34.9% 35.2% 100.0% 60.6% 100.0% 37.7% 100.0% 49.1% 69 35.7% 17.9% 22.1% 24.3% 100.0% 0.0% 88.9% 70 23.7% 12.0% 29.9% 34.4% 100.0% 0.0% 53.7% Notes: See Excel spreadsheet <Lighting loadshape with cooling bonus-102103.xls> for derivation of loadshapes 63, 64, and 65. Heavier weighting is given to the summer periods and less to the other periods to account for the cooling bonus that is included in the kWh and kW savings. All loadshape numbers referenced in the measure characterizations correspond to the most recent generation of the loadshape as detailed in the loadshape table of contents. The coincident peak factors in the standard load profiles above are based on the listed assumptions for full load hours. To account for the effect on peak savings from a change in full load hours, use of full load hours different than the standard will result in an automatic adjustment of the coincident peak factors (% of connected load kW) used in screening and reported in the database, unless custom coincident peak factors are also entered. The coincidence factors are multiplied by the ratio of [custom full load hours]/[standard full load hours], with a maximum value of 100% for each factor. As a result, coincidence factors for particular measures may be higher or lower than the standard factors listed above even when a standard load profile is used. 13 Commercial Energy Opportunities Motors End Use Efficient Motors Measure Number: I-A-1-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 20 Effective date: 1/1/03 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: none. Description Three phase ODP & TEFC motors less than or equal to 200 HP meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency. The minimum efficiency is that defined by EPACT and the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 1.54 Average number of measures per year 195 Average Annual MWH savings per year 300.3 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWbase – kWeffic kWl = HP 0.746 (1/l) LF Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure HP = horsepower of motor (HP) 0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP) l = efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline) LF = load factor of motor (default = 0.75) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects the minimum efficiency allowed under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) that went into effect October 1997. While EPACT generally reflects the floor of efficiencies available, most manufacturers produce models just meeting EPACT, and these are the most commonly purchased among customers not choosing high efficiency. Refer to the Baseline Motor Efficiencies table. High Efficiency The efficiency of each motor installed in the program will be obtained from the application form. Operating Hours If available, customer provided annual operating hours from the application form. If annual operating hours are not available, then refer to the Annual Motor Operating Hours table for HVAC fan or pump motors by 14 building type. For all other motors, use 4500 hours (E Source Technology Atlas Series Volume IV, Drivepower, p. 32). Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh (RPF) Motor Winter Winter Summer Summer Application Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Ventilation 16.9% 7.6% 37.2% 38.3% Industrial 29.2% 4.2% 58.3% 8.3% HVAC Pump 38.1% 19.0% 20.4% 22.5% (heating) HVAC Pump 0.0% 0.0% 47.6% 52.4% (cooling) HVAC Pump 19.0% 9.5% 34.0% 37.4% (unknown use) Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 36.5% 65.7% 47.5% 90.0% 42.0% 65.7% 100.0% 0.0% 79.7% 0.0% 100.0% 39.9% 50.0% 50.0% 59.8% Source: Engineering estimates and GMP screening tool load profiles. Freeridership 10% existing and non-Act 250 new construction Spillover 30% existing and non-Act 250 new construction Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years for a premium-efficiency motor (Based on BPA measure life study II (Skumatz), which looked at life of motors in place in commercial buildings). An existing or baseline motor is expected to last for 15 years. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost See reference table below for incremental costs. Incentive Level See reference table below. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives for Efficient Motors Open Drip-Proof (ODP) Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) 15 Size HP 1 1.5 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 Incremental Cost $52 $60 $61 $54 $63 $123 $116 $115 $115 $201 $231 $249 $273 $431 $554 $658 $841 $908 $964 Customer Incentive $45 $45 $54 $54 $54 $81 $90 $104 $113 $117 $135 $162 $198 $234 $270 $360 $540 $630 $630 Incremental Cost $52 $60 $61 $54 $63 $123 $116 $115 $115 $201 $231 $249 $273 $431 $554 $658 $841 $908 $964 Customer Incentive $50 $50 $60 $60 $60 $90 $100 $115 $125 $130 $150 $180 $220 $260 $300 $400 $600 $700 $700 Sources: 1) MotorUp! Program Evaluation and Market Assessment, Pages 2-8, Prepared for NEEP Motors Initiative Working Group, Prepared by Xenergy, September 6, 2001 2) 2002 MotorUp! Three-Phase Electric Motor Incentive Application 16 Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base (EPACT) Size HP 1 1.5 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 Open Drip Proof (ODP) Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 82.5% 85.5% 77.0% 86.5% 86.5% 84.0% 87.5% 86.5% 85.5% 88.5% 89.5% 85.5% 89.5% 89.5% 86.5% 90.2% 91.0% 88.5% 91.7% 91.7% 89.5% 91.7% 93.0% 90.2% 92.4% 93.0% 91.0% 93.0% 93.6% 91.7% 93.6% 94.1% 91.7% 94.1% 94.1% 92.4% 94.1% 94.5% 93.0% 94.5% 95.0% 93.6% 94.5% 95.0% 93.6% 95.0% 95.4% 93.6% 95.0% 95.4% 94.1% 95.4% 95.8% 94.1% 95.4% 95.8% 95.0% Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 82.5% 85.5% 77.0% 87.5% 86.5% 84.0% 88.5% 86.5% 85.5% 89.5% 89.5% 86.5% 89.5% 89.5% 88.5% 91.0% 91.7% 89.5% 91.0% 91.7% 90.2% 91.7% 92.4% 91.0% 91.7% 93.0% 91.0% 93.0% 93.6% 91.7% 93.0% 93.6% 91.7% 94.1% 94.1% 92.4% 94.1% 94.5% 93.0% 94.5% 95.0% 93.6% 94.5% 95.4% 93.6% 95.0% 95.4% 94.1% 95.0% 95.4% 95.0% 95.8% 95.8% 95.0% 95.8% 96.2% 95.4% Annual Motor Operating Hours (HOURS) Building Type Office Retail Manufacturing Hospitals Elem/Sec Schools Restaurant Warehouse Hotels/Motels Grocery Health College/Univ Miscellaneous HVAC Pump (heating) 2,186 2,000 3,506 2,820 3,602 2,348 3,117 5,775 2,349 4,489 5,716 2,762 HVAC Pump (cooling) 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,688 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,688 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 HVAC Pump (unknown use) Ventilation Fan 2,000 2,000 2,462 2,754 2,190 2,000 2,241 4,231 2,080 2,559 3,641 2,000 6,192 3,261 5,573 8,374 3,699 4,155 6,389 3,719 6,389 2,000 3,631 3,720 Source: Adapted from Southeastern NY audit data, adjusted for climate variations. Motors must operate a minimum of 2000 hours to qualify. 17 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) Measure Number: I-A-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/29/00 Effective date: 12/01/01 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description All VFDs are treated as custom measures. Below are two sets of equations. The first are standardized savings algorithms and assumptions for all VFDs applied to motors of 10 HP or less for the following HVAC applications: supply fans, return fans, exhaust fans, chilled water pumps, and boiler feedwater pumps (“Standardized Approach”). The savings for all VFDs applied to motors greater than 10 HP, or for other applications, will be calculated on a site-specific basis, following the generalized engineering equation provided below and standard engineering practice (“Customized Approach”). Metered data will be used when available. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit 5.51 Standard approach projects 45 Customized approach projects Average number of measures per year 10 Standard approach projects 20 Customized approach projects Gross MWH savings per year 55 Standard approach projects 900 Customized approach projects Algorithms For VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps. Energy Savings kWh = ESVG HP CXS Demand Savings kW = DSVG HP CXS Where: kWh kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross customer kW savings for the measure at either the summer or winter peak HP ESVG DSVG CXS (whichever is greater) = horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer application) = energy savings factor, see Table below (kWh/HP) = demand savings factor, see Table below (kW/HP) = commissioning factor for standard approach applications. CXS = 1.10 when the project undergoes commissioning services, 1.0 otherwise. Generalized equation for custom engineering analyses for VFDs applied to motors >10 HP or any VFDs not applied to HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps. When available, metered data will be used to calculate savings. Energy Savings kWh = 0.746 HP/ [HOURSj (1- LOADjx) CXC 1 Based on typical 5 HP motor, average of supply, return and exhaust fan savings. 18 Demand Savings kWs = 0.746 HP/ (1- PEAKLOADsx) CXC Where: kWh kWs = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross customer kW savings for the measure at the peak period for season s, were s is either summer, winter or fall/spring. = horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer application) 0.746 = conversion from horsepower to kW (kW/HP) = existing motor efficiency, use customer specific value if known, otherwise use default value from reference table below HOURSj = number of hours per year the motor operates at a given motor loading j (Hrs.) LOADj = percentage motor loading j X = exponent applied to calculate percentage savings at given motor loading j. For fan motors X = 2.5, for pump motors X = 2.2 (Sources: ACEEE, DPS and SAIC) PEAKLOADs = percentage motor loading at the peak period for season s, where s is either summer, winter or fall/spring. CXC = commissioning factor for custom approach applications. CXS = 1. 0 when the project undergoes commissioning services, 0.90 otherwise. HP Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects no VFD installed. Savings are based on application of VFDs to a range of baseline conditions including no control, inlet guide vanes, outlet guide vanes, and throttling valves. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD. Operating Hours N/A for VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps. Site-specific otherwise. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors 19 Motor Application Supply fans <10 HP Return fans <10 HP Exhaust fans <10 HP Boiler feedwater pumps <10 HP Chilled water pumps <10 HP All other applications % of annual kWh (RPF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 23.5% 6% 47.5% 23% 100%1 41% 71% 23.5% 6% 47.5% 23% 100%1 66% 83% 22% 11% 32% 35% 100%1 37% 69% 44% 38% 7% 11% 100% 67% 83% 0.3% 0.1% 52% 48% 0.0% 100.0%1 50% Site specific Source: RPF based on custom analyses of past EVT projects. CF summer and winter from National Grid evaluations of VFD installations from 1995 to 1999. 1. Gross kW/hp values in reference table below are coincident values for the winter peak for all applications except chilled water pumps, which uses a coincident value for the summer peak. Therefore, CFs for these periods are 100% because coincidence is already taken into account in the values. For other seasons, the CFs represent the percentage of the gross coincident winter or summer kW/hp. Fall/Spring values are mean of summer and winter values. Winter chilled water pumps set to 0% based on assumption that most chillers are not operating in Vermont during the winter period. Freeridership2 CEO: 5% existing buildings and non-Act 250 new construction; 0% Act 250 CIEM: 10%. Spillover N/A Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one.3 Lifetimes 15 years for non-process VFDs. 10 years for process. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Incremental costs are variable. Each measure will be treated as a custom measure and screened based on actual costs. Incentive Level Incentive levels are customized for each project, taking into account other measures installed, the measure and total project payback, level of comprehensiveness, and customer investment criteria. On average incentives are expected to range from 25% to 50% of installed cost. 2 CEO non-Act 250 freeridership based on standard value for custom measures. Act 250 freeridership is 0% because Act 250 custom measure baselines are site-specific (e.g., EVT only claims savings when no VFD is planned). CIEM freeridership based on standard value for custom measures. 3 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied. 20 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables VFD Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG and DSVG) Application ESVG (kWh/HP) DSVG (kW/HP)1 Supply Fans 1,001 0.173 Return Fans 1,524 0.263 Exhaust Fans 755 0.12 Chilled Water Pumps 1,746 0.188 Boiler Feedwater Pumps 745 0.098 Source: National Grid 2001 values averaged from previous evaluations of VFD installations. Values are those used for existing construction, except for chilled water pumps which is used for new construction. National Grid existing construction baseline is similar to Vermont baseline for new and existing applications. 1. The DSVG factors represent coincident savings for the winter peak, except for the chilled water pumps value which represents coincident savings for the summer peak. 21 Typical Existing Motor Efficiencies () HP 1 1.5 2 3 5 7.5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 Stock Effic. (1999) 76.3% 77.4% 78.5% 80.6% 83.2% 85.3% 85.5% 85.9% 86.3% 86.5% 86.7% 86.8% 87.0% 87.2% 87.4% 87.6% 87.7% 87.9% 88.1% 88.9% 89.4% 89.7% 89.9% 90.4% 90.9% 90.9% 91.3% 91.7% 92.5% Source: For motors greater than 40 HP, efficiency one point less – due to rewind damage – than a standard motor in 1990 (Table A-1 and Table A-2, pp. 264-265, Appendix A, Energy Efficient Motor Systems, ACEEE) 22 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental Remediation Projects Measure Number: I-A-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motor End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: 10/25/01 12/01/01 TBD Referenced Documents: Performance curves for PD Blower and Regenerative Blower. Description This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on environmental remediation motors used for cleaning up petroleum at contaminated sites. Motors are typically required to operate at near full load during the first half of the project life, but then may be reduced to partial loading as the pollution level is reduced. Participating VFDs will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well. Estimated Measure Impacts Application Type Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge4 Dual Phase5 Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 7.34 Average number of measures per year 32.9 Average Annual MWH savings per year 5 37 5 164 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = ESVG HP Demand Savings kW = DSVG HP Where: kWh kW = gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure = gross customer average kW savings for the measure HP = horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer application) = energy savings per horsepower from reference table (kWh/HP) = demand savings per horsepower From reference table. (kW/HP) ESVG DSVG Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects no VFD installed. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD. Operating Hours The motor operates continuously, but with a VFD is expected on average to operate at 100% loading for the first 2 years and at 50% loading for the following 2 years, for each remediation project. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors 4 5 Savings based on typical 3 HP motor application. Savings based on typical 15 HP motor application. 23 Motor Application Remediation % of annual kWh (RPF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Load profile for continuous operation. Freeridership6 2%. Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one.7 Lifetimes 12 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but VFDs will likely be reused for multiple projects. Expected engineering life of 15 years reduced for expected downtime between projects. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “VFD Average Incremental Costs,” based on data from National Grid 1999 and 2000 VFD program participants. Incentive Level Incentives are shown in reference table “VFD Incentive Levels.” O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG & DSVG) ESVG Application Type (kWh/HP) Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge8 2,445 Dual Phase9 2,192 DSVG (kW/HP) 0.28 0.25 Average Incremental Costs HP Incremental Cost 2 $ 1,733 6 Freeridership based on standard value for custom motor measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied. 8 Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge projects use regenerative blowers that have the characteristics of fans. Savings calculated using a 2.5 exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for fan applications. These projects typically use 2-5 HP motors. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 82.5, reflecting the baseline value of a 3 HP motor. 9 Dual Phase projects use vacuum pumps that have the characteristics of pumps. Savings calculated using a 2.2 exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for pump applications. These savings have also been confirmed with metered data and vacuum pump performance curves. These projects typically use 10-30 HP motors, with most 1020 HP. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 87.5, reflecting the baseline value of a 15 HP motor. 7 24 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 30 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1,733 2,000 4,564 7,227 4,989 7,671 3,600 Incentive Levels HP 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 30 Incentives $ 600 $ 600 $ 600 $ 1,000 $ 1,500 $ 1,500 $ 2,000 $ 2,000 25 Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors Measure Number: I-A-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: 10/25/01 12/01/01 TBD Referenced Documents: MotorMaster+ 3.0 software and database Description High efficiency explosion proof motors used in the environmental remediation of sites contaminated with petroleum. Participating motors will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 1.23210 Average number of measures per year 10 Average Annual MWH savings per year 12.3 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWbase – kWeffic kWl = HP 0.746 (1/l) LF Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year, 8760 kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure HP = horsepower of motor (HP) 0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP) l = efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline) LF = load factor of motor (default = 0.75) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects estimated typical efficiencies of explosion proof motors installed absent the program. Explosion proof motors are not addressed by federal (EPACT ) or state standards. Baseline efficiencies are based on a review of available motor models from MotorMaster software, and generally selected to represent motors about 33 to 50% percentile in terms of the efficiency range. Refer to the Baseline Motor Efficiencies table. High Efficiency The efficiency of each motor installed in the program will be obtained from the customer. Minimum efficiencies are shown in the Reference Tables section in the table titled Minimum Motor Efficiencies for Incentives. 10 Assumes average sized motor is 7.5 HP, just meeting the minimum efficiency criteria of 89.5% efficiency. 26 Operating Hours Continuous operation during years of remediation – 8760 hours per year. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh (RPF) Motor Winter Winter Summer Summer Application Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Remediation 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Load profile for continuous operation. Freeridership 2%11 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but motors will likely be reused for multiple projects. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor. Typical high efficiency motor engineering life is 20 years under normal operation. Because of the continuous operation, and the likelihood of downtime between projects, EVT assumes only 10 years of actual operation. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor,” based on regression analysis of adjusted manufacturers’ list price data from MotorMaster+. Typical retail cost assumed to be 65% of manufacturers’ list price, based on findings from 2001 NEEP motor market assessment study. Incentive Level Incentives are shown in reference table “Motor Incentives.” O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 11 Freeridership for custom motor measures agreed to between DPS and EVT. 27 Reference Tables Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base Size HP Explosion Proof Motors Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 80.0% 82.5% 80.0% 81.5% 82.5% 82.5% 84.0% 85.5% 84.0% 86.5% 86.5% 85.0% 87.5% 87.5% 86.5% 88.5% 87.5% 87.5% 89.5% 89.5% 88.5% 90.2% 91.0% 91.0% 91.0% 91.0% 91.0% 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 Minimum Motor Efficiencies for Incentives Size HP Explosion Proof Motors Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 86.5% 85.5% 84.0% 87.5% 87.5% 86.5% 88.5% 88.5% 87.5% 90.2% 89.5% 88.5% 91.0% 91.0% 89.5% 91.7% 92.4% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 91.7% 92.4% 93.6% 92.4% 92.4% 93.6% 93.0% 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor Size HP 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 Explosion Proof Motors Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 325 336 348 359 371 382 393 405 416 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 98 172 245 319 393 466 540 613 687 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 80 147 213 280 346 413 480 546 613 28 Motor Incentives Size HP 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 Explosion Proof Motors Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 160 160 175 175 175 200 200 200 200 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 50 85 120 155 190 225 260 295 330 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 40 70 105 140 175 205 240 270 300 29 Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms Measure Number: I-A-5-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 17 Effective date: Milk transfer VFD already effective and savings unchanged; Milk vacuum VFD 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls Description This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on milk transfer and milking parlor pump motors. Participating VFDs will typically be for retrofit projects, although equipment replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well. Estimated Measure Impacts Milk Transfer VFD Milk Vacuum VFD Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 8.0 7.3 Average number of measures per year 7 22 Average Annual MWH savings per year 56 160.6 Algorithms Milk Transfer VFD Demand Savings kW = 2.99 Energy Savings kWh = 8,024 Where: kW 2.9912 kWh 802413 Milk Vacuum (VFD) = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = kW = gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure = kWh Demand Savings kW = kWbase – kWeff Energy Savings kWh = kW HOURS Where: kW kWbase kWeff = gross customer kW savings for the measure = baseline motor connected load kW calculated as HP x 0.746 x 1/motor eff. x LF(see note 1 below) = For tie or stanchion barn milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.60 x kWbase For parlor milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.45 x kWbase (see note 2) Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per measure. 13 Ibid 12 30 kWh HOURS = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = duration of milking time exclusive of wash. Notes: 1) LF (load factor) varies depending on vacuum pump type. Based on metering conducted by Agricultural Energy Consultants load factor is 0.88 for rotary vane pumps and 0.92 for blower pumps. 2) Savings multiplier for kWeff calculation is based on post installation metering and observation conducted by Agricultural Energy Consultants. Note that the savings multipliers reflect typical kW percentage reductions and may be adjusted on a case-by-case basis. Baseline Efficiencies – Retrofit or Replacement The baseline reflects no VFD installed. A VFD is considered baseline for new construction. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD. Operating Hours N/A for milk transfer VFD. Operating hours are collected on a site-specific basis for the milk vacuum VFD algorithm. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Milk Transfer Pump (#24) Milk Vacuum Pump (#61) Summer Off-Peak Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 30.2% 6.3% 39.9% 23.6% 42.7% 22.3% 37.0% 25.4% 7.6% 36.8% 30.2% 33.3% 24.4% 49.0% Sources: Milk Transfer Pump load profile is the same as the “Dairy Farm Combined End Uses” from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape #24). Milk Vacuum Pump load profile is an aggregate for 30 VFDs installed during year one of the EVT dairy farm program. Custom load shapes were developed for each installation based on actual run time. Freeridership14 0% for retrofit and replacement. Spillover15 0% retrofit and replacement. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one.16 Lifetimes 10 years. Measure Cost Milk transfer pump VFD: $223017 Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $2500 14 Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. Spillover rate from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. 16 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied. 17 Occasionally there is a need for additional water storage that may add to the total cost of the milk transfer pump VFD. 15 31 Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $4943 Incentive Level Milk transfer pump VFD: $1250 Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $1250 Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $2500 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None 32 HVAC End Use Unitary HVAC Measure Number: I-B-1-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities, HVAC End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: none Description Unitary HVAC equipment meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency. See the Cool Choice Minimum Efficiencies table in the Reference Tables section. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 3.16 Average number of measures per year 191 Average Annual MWH savings per year 603.6 Algorithms The savings for small air conditioners and heat pumps (<65,000 BTUh), except PTAC, PTHP and water source heat pumps, should be calculated using SEER and HSPF efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings kWhc = kBTU/hr (1/SEERbase - 1/SEERee) FLHs kWhh = kBTU/hr (1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee) FLHw Demand Savings kWc = kBTU/hr (1.1/SEERbase - 1.1/SEERee) kWh = kBTU/hr (1/ HSPFbase - 1/ HSPFee) Where: kWhc = gross customer annual kWh cooling savings for the measure kWhh = gross customer annual kWh heating savings for the measure kBTU/hr = the nominal rating of the capacity of the A/C or heat pump in kBTU/hr. 1 Ton = 12 kBTU/hr. SEERbase = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the baseline cooling equipment (BTU/Wh) SEERee = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient cooling equipment (BTU/Wh) FLHs = cooling full load hours per year HSPFbase = heating seasonal performance factor of the baseline heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh) HSPFee = heating seasonal performance factor of the energy efficient heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh) FLHw = heat pump heating full load hours per year kWc = gross customer connected load kW savings from cooling for the measure kWh = gross customer connected load kW savings from heating for the measure 33 The savings for larger unitary air conditioners and heat pumps (65,000 BTUh) and all PTAC’s, PTHP’s and water-source heat pumps should be calculated using cooling EER efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings kWhc = kBTU/hrcool (1/EERbase - 1/EERee) FLHs kWhh = kBTU/hrheat (1/EERbase - 1/EERee) FLHw Demand Savings kWc = kBTU/hrcool (1/EERbase - 1/EERee) kWh = kBTU/hrheat (1/EERbase - 1/EERee) Where: EERbase = cooling energy efficiency ratio of the baseline equipment (BTUh/W) EERee = cooling energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient equipment (BTUh/W) If efficiencies are stated in kW/ton or COP use the following conversions: EER = 12 / (kW/ton), EER = 3.413 COP The rating conditions for the baseline and efficient equipment efficiencies must be equivalent. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled Unitary HVAC—Baseline Efficiencies, which provides baseline efficiencies of unitary air conditioners and heat pumps. These are based on a combination of the draft version of ASHRAE 90.1R standard, for the period until 2001, NYSERDA assumptions if more efficient, and a 1993 New England baseline study. High Efficiency Measure efficiencies should be obtained from customer data from application forms. If the efficiencies are missing from the application form, but the manufacturer and model # are available, then refer to the ARI directories. If HSPF is not available, then estimate as 0.65 SEER. Operating Hours Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours 18, 1600 heat pump heating full load hours (electric resistance heating would be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms) Water Source Heat Pumps: 2088 cooling full load hours, 2248 heat pump heating full load hours Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Application Cooling #15a /#20a) Heating Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 0.3% 80.0% 40.2% 44.3% 37.8% 6.9% 11.0% 37.2% 0.3% 19.3% Freeridership Tier 2 – 5% existing and non-Act 250 new construction19 Spillover Tier 2 – 5% existing and non-Act 250 new construction 18 See work paper files (Bid Data Cooling Load summary.xls) and (Booth HVAC.xls) for documentation of the cooling load operating hours. 19 See the Cool Choice Minimum Efficiency Table in the reference table section for descriptions of each tier. 34 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Incentives derived several years ago were designed to cover 100% of incremental cost. However, incentives were not adjusted for inflation. EVT estimates that on average the incentive is 80% of the current incremental cost. See the table of incremental costs for high-efficiency unitary HVAC in the reference tables section. Incentive Level See the table of incentives for high-efficiency unitary HVAC in the reference tables section. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Unitary HVAC –Baseline Efficiencies Equipment Type Size Category Air Cooled <65,000 Btu/h Sub-Category or Rating Condition Split System Single Package >=65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h >=135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h >=240,000 Btu/h Water-Source <65,000 Btu/h and <=375,000 Btu/h Note: PTHP and PTAC are to be handled on a custom basis 35 Split System and Single Package Split System and Single Package Split System and Single Package 85F Entering water Baseline Efficiency 10.5 SEER 7.1 HSPF 10.0 SEER 6.8 HSPF 8.9 EER 8.6 EER 8.6 EER 11.5 EER Cool Choice Minimum Efficiencies Sub-Category or Rating Condition Tier 2 Minimum Efficiency 13.0 SEER 11.0 EER 7.8 HSPF 11.0 EER Equipment Type Size Category Air Cooled <65,000 Btu/h Split System or Single Package >=65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h >=135,000 Btu/h to <240,000 Btu/h Split System and Single Package Split System and Single Package >=240,000 Btu/h to <=375,000 Btu/h Split System and Single Package 10.0 EER <=375,000 Btu/h 85F Entering water 14.0 EER Water-Source 10.8 EER Incremental Cost for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC BTUh Unitary AC and Split System Air to Air Heat Pump System Water Source Heat Pumps <65,000 >=65,000 to <135,000 >=135,000 to <=375,000 <65,000 >=65,000 to <135,000 >=135,000 to <=375,000 <=375,000 Tier 2 $/ton $115 $91 $99 $115 $91 $99 $101 Incentives for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC BTUh Unitary AC and Split System Air to Air Heat Pump System Water Source Heat Pumps <65,000 >=65,000 to <135,000 >=135,000 to <=375,000 <65,000 >=65,000 to <135,000 >=135,000 to <=375,000 <=375,000 36 Tier 2 $/ton $92 $73 $79 $92 $73 $79 $81 HVAC End Use Dual Enthalpy Economizer Measure Number: I-B-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, HVAC End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 1/31/02 Effective date: 6/15/02 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Economizer_013002.xls Description Dual enthalpy economizers regulate the amount of outside air introduced into the ventilation system based on the relative temperature and humidity of the outside and return air. If the enthalpy (latent and sensible heat) of the outside air is less than that of the return air when space cooling is required, then outside air is allowed in to reduce or eliminate the cooling requirement of the air conditioning equipment. This is a prescriptive measure included on the regional Cool Choice application form. Customers are eligible for a Cool Choice incentive only with the purchase of an efficient HVAC unit that also qualifies for an incentive. Custom incentives are available for other cost-effective dual enthalpy economizers for both retrofit and replacement/new construction units under CIEM and CEO, respectively. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 3.4 fixed damper baseline 2.5 dry bulb baseline Average number of measures per year 8 3 Average Annual MWH savings per year 27.3 7.4 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = SF Tons / EER Demand Savings kW = kWh / 4,438 Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure SF = Savings Factor: annual kWh savings per ton of cooling equipment at an EER of 1.0. Based on simulation modeling for Burlington, VT. For Act 250 Minor projects and all Non-Act 250: SF = 4,576 (assumes fixed damper baseline). For Act 250 Major projects: SF = 3,318 (assumes dry bulb economizer baseline). = tonnage of cooling equipment from application form or customer information. = cooling energy efficiency ratio of the equipment (BTUh/W), from application form or customer information. (EER may be estimated as SEER/1.1). = gross customer diversified connected load kW savings for the measure = typical annual hours of economizer operation (Based on appropriate temperature range bin hours at Burlington, VT) Tons EER kW 4,438 37 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement For Act 250 Minor projects and all Non-Act 250: fixed damper (no economizer).20 For Act 250 Major projects: dry bulb economizer. High Efficiency Dual enthalpy economizer. Operating Hours 4,438 typical annual hours of savings from dual enthalpy economizer (Based on appropriate temperature range bin hours at Burlington, VT) Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh (RPF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Economizer #60 16.9% 7.6% 37.2% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 0% 0% 56.3% 38.3% Source: Calculated from bin hours at appropriate temperature range for each period. Freeridership Act 250 – 17%21 Non-Act 250 new construction and replacement HVAC – 5%22 Non-Act 250 retrofit – 10%23 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetime 14 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is: $400 from dry bulb economizer baseline (Act 250 Major projects), $1,300 from fixed damper baseline (Act 250 Minor projects and all Non-Act 250) Incentive Level $250 per dual enthalpy control prescriptive Cool Choice incentive. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 20 Act 250 baselines are those agreed upon between DPS and EVT in 2000. Weighted freeridership of savings from baseline to dual enthalpy economizer. See spreadsheet Economizer_013002.xls for calculation. 22 Custom measure CEO freeridership agreed to between DPS and EVT. 23 CIEM measure freeridership agreed to between DPS and EVT. 21 38 None 39 Lighting End Use T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast Measure Number: I-C-1-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Description T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts. Includes standard T8 fixtures, high-efficiency fixtures and open nonrecessed fixtures with specular reflectors. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS WHFe Demand Savings kW = kWsave WHFd Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting) kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont24and 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: 24 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 40 MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 25 0.75 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for lighting baseline wattage and savings. Baseline usage for high-efficiency fixtures based on system efficiency comparisons conducted by National Grid. Some baseline fixtures require more lamps and/or fixtures compared to high-efficiency fixtures. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 30% existing, 50% non-Act 250 new construction. 26 Spillover 0% Incremental Cost Fixture 2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- 4' to 8' 3 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 4 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired) 3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture w/ low-power ballast 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture (tandem wired) 3 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture w/ low-power ballast Open, non-recessed fixture, 4' long w/ specular reflector Open, non-recessed fixture, 8' long w/ specular reflector INCREMENTAL COST ($) 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 30 Lifetimes T8 fixtures – 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. these were the freerider rates used in the year 2000 and based on the old prescriptive application form, freeridership for measures installed using the new application is estimated to be much lower due to more limited eligibility for standard T8 fixtures and the addition of high-efficiency luminaires. 25 26Though 41 Reference Tables T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage (kWsaved) Fixture Technology Prescriptive Fixtures 2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- 4' to 8' 3 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 4 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4' 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired) 3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture w/ low-power ballast 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture 2 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture (tandem wired) 3 T8 lamp high-efficiency low-glare fixture w/ low-power ballast Open, non-recessed fixture, 4' long w/ specular reflector Open, non-recessed fixture, 8' long w/ specular reflector 42 Efficient Wattage Baseline Wattage Saved Wattage kWsave 59 110 86 106 59 53 76 59 53 68 132 110 139 71 71 87 75 75 9 22 24 33 12 18 11 16 22 76 59 59 103 88 109 27 29 50 Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type Building Type Office Restaurant Retail Grocery/Supermarket Warehouse Elemen./Second. School College Health Hospital Hotel/Motel Manufacturing Other/Misc. Annual Hours (1) 3,435 4,156 3,068 4,612 2,388 2,080 5,010 3,392 4,532 2,697 2,235 2,278 (2) (1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993. (2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080. 43 CFL Fixture Version Date & Revision History Measure Number: I-C-2-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Lighting End Use) Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio 23 1/1/04 TBD Description Compact fluorescent (CFL) hardwired fixture. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS WHFe Demand Savings kW = kWsave WHFd Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting) kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont27and 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 28 0.75 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. 27 28 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 44 High Efficiency Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction. Spillover 5%. Incremental Cost 1-lamp CFL fixture -- $35 2-lamp CFL fixture -- $40 Dimming CFL fixture -- $55 Operation and Maintenance Savings Because compact fluorescent lamps last much longer than incandescent bulbs, CLFs offer significant operation and maintenance (O&M) savings over the life of the fixture for avoided incandescent lamps and the labor to install them. The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings: Incandescent bulb cost: $0.75 per bulb Life of incandescent bulb: 1000 hours Labor cost to replace any kind of lamp: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hour) CFL lamp cost: $3 per lamp Life of CFL lamp: 12,000 hours with greater than 38 hrs per week usage; 9,000 hours with up to 38 hrs per week usage. CFL ballast replacement cost: $19 ($14 ballast, $5 labor) Life of CFL ballast: 40,000 hours Lifetime CFL fixture – 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables CFL Fixture Saved Wattage (kWsaved) Efficient Lighting Technology Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Wattage Type Baseline Wattage Saved Wattage kWsave Building Type Annual Hours (1) Office Fluorescent Fixtures 3,435 Compact Restaurant CFL fixture -- 1 lamp < 20 W total 15 4,156 60 45 Retail CFL fixture -- 1 lamp >= 20 W total 29 3,068 100 71 Grocery/Supermarket CFL fixture -- 2 lamp >= 20 W total 34 4,612 120 86 Warehouse Dimming CFL fixture < 20 W lamp 20 2,388 75 55 Elemen./Second. School Dimming CFL fixture >= 20 W lamp(2) 25 2,080 100 75 College 5,010 Typical wattages for each category based on review of most common wattage fixtures rebated in Efficiency Health programs to date and assumptions used by NGrid for dimming CFL fixtures. 3,392 Vermont Hospital 4,532 Hotel/Motel 2,697 Manufacturing 2,235 Other/Misc. 2,278 (3) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small 45 Commercial Lighting Program, 1993. (4) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080. 46 Exterior HID Measure Number: I-C-3-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Exterior metal halide (MH) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) high intensity discharge (HID) fixtures less than or equal to 100 watts. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS WHF Demand Savings kW = kWsave Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual exterior lighting hours of use per year WHF = Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the value is one. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If the hours are not available from the form then use default 3,338 hours of use 29. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Application Outdoor #13 29 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 19.9% 13.3% 30.3% Summer Off-Peak 36.6% Winter Summer Fall/Spring 35.0% 15.2% 35.0% Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey. 47 Freeridership Exterior HID – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction Spillover Exterior HID – 0%. Incremental Cost Metal Halide or High Pressure Sodium -- $30 Lifetimes Exterior HID – 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Exterior HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved) Lighting Technology Exterior HID Fixtures (Assumes quartz halogen baseline) Typical metal halide or high-pressure sodium <=100W Reference Tables 48 Efficient Wattage Baseline Wattage Saved Wattage kWsave 90 200 110 LED Exit Sign Measure Number: I-C-4-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Description Exit sign illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED). Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS WHFe Demand Savings kW = kWsave WHFd Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting) kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual exit sign hours of use per year, 8760 hours WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont30and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1+ 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #65 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 31 0.75 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. 30 31 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 49 High Efficiency Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours Exit Signs – 8760 hours per year. Loadshape Loadshape #65, Continuous C&I Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership LED exit sign – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction Spillover LED exit sign – 0%. Incremental Cost $25 Lifetimes LED exit sign – 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage (kWsaved) Lighting Technology LED Exit Signs New Exit Sign 50 Efficient Wattage Baseline Wattage Saved Wattage kWsave 2 11 9 Lighting Controls Measure Number: I-C-5-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Description Controls for lighting, including occupancy sensors and daylight dimming. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWconnected HOURS SVG WHFe Demand Savings kW = kWconnected SVG WHFd Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting) HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont32and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. SVG = % of annual lighting energy saved by lighting control; refer to table by control type kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshapes #63 and #64 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 33 0.75 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. 32 33 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 51 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement For lighting controls the baseline is a manual switch. Default assumptions – for when specific information about the application is not known – are based on engineering judgement about the typical frequency of different applications. While savings will generally be based on site-specific calculations, the table provides default values based on average estimated efficiency gains for instances where site-specific calculations are not available. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled Percent Savings for Lighting Controls for savings with a control compared to baseline wattage without a control. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. Loadshape Fluorescent Controls: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. HID Controls: Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership Controls – 2% existing and non-Act 250 new construction Spillover Controls – 0%. Incremental Cost Wall Occupancy Sensor -- $55 per control Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor -- $125 per control Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast -- $65 per ballast controlled Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID -- $200 per fixture (including some portion of the control cost) Lifetimes Controls – 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables Percent Savings by Lighting Controls (SVG) % Savings (SVG) 30% 30% 50% 30% Lighting Control Type Wall Occupancy Sensor Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID Default Controlled Wattage for Lighting Controls Default Controlled Wattage 350 watts per control 587 watts per control 83 watts per ballast 455 watts per fixture Lighting Control Type Wall Occupancy Sensor Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID Controlled wattage for wall and remote-mounted occupancy sensors based on NGrid experience. Hi-Low controlled wattage 400 watt metal halide lamp based on NGrid typical experience. Daylight dimming watts per ballast based on average of 2-lamp & 4-lamp T8 fixtures. 52 Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type Building Type Office Restaurant Retail Grocery/Supermarket Warehouse Elemen./Second. School College Health Hospital Hotel/Motel Manufacturing Other/Misc. Annual Hours (1) 3,435 4,156 3,068 4,612 2,388 2,080 5,010 3,392 4,532 2,697 2,235 2,278 (2) (1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993. (2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080. 53 LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals Measure Number: I-C-6-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 9/15/01 End date: TBD Description Traffic/Pedestrian Signal illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED) offered prescriptively. New equipment or retrofit applications are eligible. Eligible lamps must meet the Energy Star Traffic Signal Specification and the Institute for Transportation Engineers specification for traffic signals. State-owned signals are not eligible. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS WHF Demand Savings kW = kWsave Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual traffic signal hours of use per year, see Operating Hours WHF = Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the value is one. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours Red Balls, always changing or flashing – 55% of time, or 4818 hours 34 Red Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 3011 hours Green Balls, always changing – 42% of time, or 3679 hours1 Green Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 2300 hours Red Arrows – 90% of time, or 7884 hours1 Flashing Yellows – 50% of time, or 4380 hours “Hand” Don’t Walk Signal – 75% of time, or 6570 hours1 “Man” Walk Signal – 21% of time, or 1840 hours1 34 From A Market Transformation Opportunity Assessment for LED Traffic Signals, 1998, by American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. 54 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Application Red Balls, always changing or flashing Red Balls, changing day, off night Green Balls, always changing Green Balls, changing day, off night Red Arrows Flashing Yellows “Hand” Don’t Walk Signal “Man” Walk Signal Winter Winter Summer Load Peak Profile # Peak Off-Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 29 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 55% 55% 55% 30 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 55% 55% 55% 31 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 42% 42% 42% 32 33.2% 0.0% 47.7% 19.1% 42% 42% 42% 33 35 22.1% 22.1% 11.1% 11.1% 31.8% 31.8% 35.0% 35.0% 90% 50% 90% 50% 90% 50% 36 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 75% 75% 75% 37 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 21% 21% 21% Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost 12” Red Ball - $140 12” Green Ball - $300 12” Yellow Ball - $180 8” Red Ball - $135 8” Green Ball - $240 12” Red Arrow - $110 “Hand” Don’t Walk Signal - $165 “Man” Walk Signal - $235 Source: Highway Tech (Primary Vermont distributor of traffic signals) Operation and Maintenance Savings Because LEDs last much longer than incandescent bulbs, LEDs offer operation and maintenance (O&M) savings over the life of the lamps for avoided replacement lamps and the labor to install them. The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings: Incandescent bulb cost: $3 per bulb Labor cost to replace incandescent lamp: $60 per signal (state contractor) Life of incandescent bulb: 8000 hours (manufacturers’ data) Lifetimes LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signal – 100,000 hours (manufacturer’s estimate), capped at 10 years 35. The life in years is calculated by dividing 100,000 hrs by the annual operating hours for the particular signal type. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables 35 It is expected that LED traffic signals will be common practice in 10 years. 55 LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage (kWsaved) Lighting Technology LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals 12” Red Ball Signal 12” Green Ball Signal 12” Yellow Ball Signal 8” Red Ball Signal 8” Green Ball Signal 12” Red Arrow “Hand” Don’t Walk Signal “Man” Walk Signal Source: Gelcore – primary manufacturer of traffic signals. 56 Efficient Wattage Baseline Wattage Saved Wattage Wsave 14 19 20 7 10 10 9 7 116 116 116 90 90 116 116 116 102 97 96 83 80 106 107 109 HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide Measure Number: I-C-7-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Description Pulse-start metal halide (MH) high intensity discharge (HID). Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.32 Average number of measures per year 171 Average Annual MWH savings per year 54.7 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS WHFe Demand Savings kW = kWsave WHFd Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure(includes the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting) kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual exterior lighting hours of use per year WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont36and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #64 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 36 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 57 0.39 0.75 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 37 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings. High Efficiency Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings. Operating Hours The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. Loadshape Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $35-$40 Incentive Level Incentive of $25 is offered per fixture. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 37 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 58 Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved) Efficient Wattage Lighting Technology Pulse start metal halide -- 100-300 W Pulse start metal halide > 300 W 288 365 Baseline is standard metal halide. 59 Baseline Wattage 316 455 Saved Wattage kWsave 28 90 CFL Screw-in Measure Number: I-C-8-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Description An existing incandescent light bulb is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent lamp. This is a retrofit measure. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 0.0548 HOURS WHFe Demand Savings kW = 0.0548 WHFd Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure 0.0548 = average kilowattage reduction38 HOURS = average hours of use per year (see table below) WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ (0.29 / 2.5)). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont39and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont40 0.75 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. Operating Hours 3500 hours typical41 38 kW reduction used for commercial CFL in the Efficient Products Program. From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 40 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 41 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program. 39 60 Annual Operations and Maintenance Savings Annual O&M Savings42 Commercial $10.23 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb. High Efficiency High efficiency is a compact fluorescent lamp. Loadshape Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Freeridership 10%.43 Spillover 5%44 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Cost $13 Lifetimes Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000 hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. Thus, CFLs rebated through this program are assumed to have a life of 12,000 hours for commercial applications (assumed daily usage of 9.6 hours). That translates to 3.4 years for commercial applications. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 42 From VT State screening tool Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 44 Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 43 61 Reference Tables Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type Building Type Office Restaurant Retail Grocery/Supermarket Warehouse Elemen./Second. School College Health Hospital Hotel/Motel Manufacturing Other/Misc. Exterior Lighting Annual Hours (1) 3,435 4,156 3,068 4,612 2,388 2,080 5,010 3,392 4,532 2,697 5,913 2,278 3,338 (2) (1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993. (2) Manufacturing hours from DPS screening tool for industrial indoor lighting. 62 Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with Electronic Ballast Measure Number: I-C-9-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls Description Hard wired vapor-proof CFL fixtures with electronic ballasts. These are intended for existing construction only. However, it is recognized that some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without EVT's knowledge. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per fixture 0.085 Average number of measures per year 469 Average Annual MWH savings per year 39.9 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 84.7 Demand Savings kW = 0.0316 Where: kWh 169.445 kW 0.063246 = gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure = kWh = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = kW Waste Heat Adjustment Assumed to be 0% as most dairy farm lighting applications are in unconditioned space. Baseline Efficiencies Incandescent fixtures of various wattages. Operating Hours 267947 hours / year Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per measure. 46 kW determined by kWh / Operating Hours 47 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool (Loadshape #24). 45 63 Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh (RPF) Application Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring Dairy Farm Combined #24 30.2% 6.3% 39.9% 23.6% 42.7% 22.3% 37.0% Source: Load profile for dairy farm operation from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape #24). Freeridership48 0% for retrofit Spillover49 0% for retrofit Persistence Persistence is assumed to be 67% based on agreement between DPS and EVT.. Lifetimes Engineering measure life: Hard wired CFL Fixtures – 15 years. Measure life, adjusted for persistence: 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the adjusted lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $70. Incentive Level $35 O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M savings is $8.79 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp Ballast Efficient Measures Cost Life $5.67 4.47 years N/A 17.9 years Baseline Measures Cost $3.67 N/A Life 0.37 years N/A Note: Lamp and ballast costs include labor fees. Labor rate for lamp is $2.67 per lamp. Labor rate for ballast is $5.00 per ballast. 48 49 Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. Spillover rate from TRM for CFL measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. 64 Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Measure Number: I-C-10-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls Description Vapor-proof T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts meeting National Electric Code Article 547-6 rating for agricultural buildings. These are intended for existing construction only. However, it is recognized that some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without EVT's knowledge. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per fixture 0.196 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 415 8.1 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 196 Demand Savings kW = 0.0732 Where: kWh 19650 kW 0.073251 = gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure = kWh = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = kW Waste Heat Adjustment Assumed to be 0% as most lighting applications are in unconditioned space Baseline Efficiencies Baseline represents a mix of T-12 and incandescent fixtures Operating Hours 267952 hours / year Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per measure. 51 kW determined by kWh / Operating Hours 52 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool (Loadshape #24). 50 65 Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh (RPF) Application Dairy Farm Combined #24 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 30.2% 6.3% 39.9% Summer Off-Peak Winter 23.6% Summer 42.7% Fall/Spring 22.3% 37.0% Source: Load profile for dairy farm operation from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape #24). Freeridership53 0% for retrofit Spillover 0% for retrofit Persistence Persistence is assumed to be one. Lifetimes T8 fixtures – 15 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure varies based on lamp size. 4’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts: $70 8’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts: $140 Incentive Level $35 for 4’ fixtures $70 for 8’ fixtures O&M Cost Adjustments There are no O&M Cost Adjustments for this measure.. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None 53 Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm retrofit measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT. 66 Transformer End Use Energy Star Transformers Measure Number: I-D-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Transformer End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 20 Effective date: 10/1/03 End date: TBD EVT Measure Code: ZZZTRANS Description Low-voltage, 3-phase, dry-type transformers where the primary voltage is 480/277 Volt, and the secondary voltage is 208/120V. Utility-owned transformers are not eligible. All transformers must include an ENERGY STAR® label (TP-1). Algorithms Demand Savings kW = kWcore losses + kWwinding losses Energy Savings kWh = (kWcore losses + kWwinding losses) 8760 Where: kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) kWcore losses = Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations kWwinding losses = Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) 8760 = hours per year Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline transformers are 150 degree C rise units. Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings Calculations for baseline transformer wattage. High Efficiency EPA EnergyStar® labeled transformers (TP-1). Refer to the table titled ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum Transformer Efficiencies. Operating Hours 8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Load Profile Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Number Transformer 28.0% 5.0% 42.0% No. 42 Freeridership 1% existing, 2% new construction Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 25.0% 100% 100% 100% Spillover 0% 67 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings Calculations for efficient transformer incremental costs. Incentive Level See Transformer Savings Calculations table below. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetimes Lifetime = 40 years Reference Tables Transformer Savings Calculations Transformer Size (KVA) 15.0 30.0 45.0 75.0 112.5 150.0 225.0 300.0 Baseline Core Loss (Watts) 236 292 359 548 832 925 1321 1398 Baseline Winding Loss (Watts) 12 26 35 52 57 84 104 133 Energy Star Core Loss (Watts) 90 141 180 288 377 435 662 850 Energy Star Winding Loss (Watts) 13 23 36 46 61 81 98 99 Demand Savings (Watts) 145 154 181 266 451 493 665 583 Incremental Cost $495 $548 $756 $856 $960 $1,313 $2,377 $3,000 500.0 2000 157 1055 159 942 $4,250 Notes: 1. Tabulated Values for 15 to 225 KVA sizes developed for the NYSERDA Transformer Comparison Calculator (CD Version) by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of Waltham, MA. Prepared for the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, May 2001. 2. Tabulated Values for 300 to 500 KVA sizes taken from a study developed by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of Waltham, MA. Prepared for the Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships, Inc. December 17, 1999. 3. Baseline values refer to 150 degree C rise units. 4. 5. 6. In the 1999 NEEP study, Cadmus metered 89 dry type transformers at 43 facilities and measured an average load on the transformers of 15.9% of the nameplate capacity, with 95% confidence that the transformers will be between 13 and 18% loaded. Winding losses are evaluated at a transformer load of 16%. For 15 to 225 KVA, only dry type transformers that meet NEMA TP 1-1996 are eligible for an incentive (equivalent to the EPA EnergyStar® Guidelines). Prescriptive incentives are not offered for transformers over 300 KVA. Custom incentives may be available. 68 Incentive Level $250 $275 $400 $450 $500 $700 $1,200 See note 6 See note 6 ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum Transformer Efficiencies Transformer Size (KVA) 15.0 30.0 45.0 75.0 112.5 150.0 >=225.0 Notes: 1. 2. ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum Efficiency 97.0% 97.5% 97.7% 98.0% 98.2% 98.3% 98.5% Efficiencies are measured at 75 degree C and at 35% of nameplate load. Efficiencies must be reported using linear loads. 69 Refrigeration End Use Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines Measure Number: I-E-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Description The VendingMiser is an energy control device for refrigerated vending machines. Using an occupancy sensor, during times of inactivity the VendingMiser turns off the machine’s lights and duty cycles the compressor based on the ambient air temperature. The VendingMiser is applicable for conditioned indoor installations. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 1,635 Where: kWh 1,635 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = 120 Volts x 3.56 Amps x 0.95 Power factor x 8760 hours x 46% savings / 1000 3.56 Amps = Average Ampere loading of 44 sampled indoor vending machines, by Bayview Tech. 46% = Savings based on average of 6 different independent lab tests of VendingMiser. Demand Savings N/A Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Baseline Efficiencies The Baseline is a soft-drink vending machine without a VendingMiser device (typical usage of 3555 kWh). Operating Hours 8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Application Vending Miser #43 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 6.6% 26.5% 9.6% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 57.3% 0% 0% 0% Source: Loadshape for savings occurring from 8 PM to 6 AM, seven days a week, 12 months per year (percentages calculated in spreadsheet file named <Vending_miser_loadshape_calc.xls>). Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% 70 Persistence The persistence factor is 66.6%. Installed Cost $16054 Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Engineering measure life is 15 years. Adjusted measure lifetime with persistence is 10 years. 54 Price quoted from manufacturer. 71 Refrigerated Case Covers Measure Number: I-E-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Description By covering refrigerated cases the heat gain due to the spilling of refrigerated air and convective mixing with room air is reduced at the case opening. Strip curtains can be deployed continuously and allow the customer to reach through the curtain to select the product. Strip curtains are not used for low temperature, multi-deck applications. Glass door retrofits are a better choice for these applications. Strip curtains are also not used for coffin-type applications. Estimated Measure Impacts Strip Curtains Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 2.9 Average number of measures per year 5 Average Annual MWh savings per year 14.5 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ( HG EF CL) / (EER 1000) Energy Savings kWh = kW Usage 365 Where: kW HG EF CL EER 1000 kWh Usage 365 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = Loss of cold air or heat gain for refrigerated cases with no cover (Btu/hr-ft opening).. The heat gain for multi-deck applications is 760 for medium temperature applications (case temperature 10°F to 40°F) and 610 for high temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to 65°F). 55 = Efficiency Factor: Fraction of heat gain prevented by case cover. The Efficiency Factor for strip curtains is 0.65. 56 = Refrigerated case length in feet (ft). Case length is the open length of the refrigerated box. If the unit is two sided use the open length of both sides. Collected from prescriptive form. = Compressor efficiency (Btu/hr-watt). The average compressor efficiency (EER) is 11.95 for medium temperature applications (case temperature 10°F to 40°F) and 18.5 for high temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to 65°F). 57 = Conversion from watts to kW (W/kW). = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = Average hours per day that case cover is in place (hrs/day). Assume 24 hrs/day for strip curtains. = (days/yr) 55 Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92. Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92. 57 Average EER values were calculated as the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies, using a typical condensing temperature of 90°F and saturated suction temperatures (SST) of 20°F for medium temperature applications and 45°F for high temperature applications. 56 72 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a refrigerated case without a cover. High Efficiency High efficiency is a refrigerated case with a strip curtain. Operating Hours Assume that case covers are in place 24 hrs/day for strip. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Strip Curtain 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% (#67) Source: Strip curtain uses the same energy distribution as the previously-developed commercial refrigeration loadshape in Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Coincident factors for strip curtains are set at 100% since the calculated kW savings is an average for every hour. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Strip curtains: 4 years Measure Cost Typically installation costs are approximately $15/ft of case. Incentive Level 40% of installation costs or $6/ft of case. O&M Cost Adjustments Strip curtains require regular cleaning -- $8.60/yr/ft (1 minute/foot every two weeks at $20/hr). Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 73 Refrigeration Economizer Measure Number: I-E-6-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Economizer Calc.xls>, Description Economizers save energy in walk-in coolers by bringing in outside air when it is sufficiently cool, rather than operating the compressor. Estimated Measure Impacts Economizers Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 6 Average number of measures per year 10 Average Annual MWh savings per year 60 Algorithms Demand Savings kW Energy Savings kWh = kWh / Hours = [HP kWhCond] + [((kWEvap nFans) – kWCirc) Hours FC DCComp BF] – [kWEcon DCEcon Hours] Where: kW kWh HP = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = Horsepower of Compressor kWhCond = Condensing unit savings, per hp. (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up) = Number of annual hours that economizer operates. 2,996 hrs based on 38° F cooler setpoint, Burlington VT weather data, and 5 degree economizer deadband. = Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)58 = Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW) 59 = Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)60. = Number of evaporator fans = Fan control factor (FC = 1 with fan controls, and FC = 0 without fan controls). = Duty cycle of the economizer fan on days that are cool enough for the economizer to be working (Assume 63%)61. = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from running the evaporator fan less or (1.3)62. = Connected load kW of the economizer fan (Average 0.227 kW) 63. Hours DCComp kWEvap kWCirc nFans FC DCEcon BF kWEcon 58 A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Travers (35%-65%), Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall duty factor. 59 Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts. 60 Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol. 61 Average of two manufacturer estimates of 50% and 75%. 62 Bonus factor (1+ 1/3.5) assumes COP of 3.5, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with a Saturated Suction Temperature of 20°F and a condensing temperature of 90°F. 74 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a walk-in refrigeration system without an economizer. High Efficiency High efficiency is a walk-in refrigeration system with an outside air economizer. Operating Hours The economizer is expected to operate for 2,996 hours per year, based on 38° F Cooler Setpoint, Burlington VT weather data, and a 5 degree economizer deadband. This will replace 1,498 hours of compressor run time and, if fan controls are present, 1,498 hours of evaporator fan run time. Loadshape Refrigeration Economizer #66. Source: The energy distribution and Fall/Spring coincident factor is derived from Burlington, Vermont temperature bin data. See file <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Assume summer coincidence is 0%, since the summer peak occurs during the hottest time of the year. Assume winter coincidence is 100%, because the winter peak is driven by the coldest weather. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years Measure Cost The installation cost for an economizer is $2,558.64 Incentive Level 50% of installation costs or $1,250 per economizer. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 63 The 227 watts for an economizer is calculated from the average of three manufacturers: Freeaire (186 Watts), Cooltrol (285 Watts), and Natural Cool (218 Watts). 64 Based on average of costs from Freeaire, Natural Cool, and Cooltrol economizer systems. 75 Condensing Unit kWh Savings, per HP, from Economizer Calculated Using 'Economizer Calc.xls' kWh / HP Hermetic/ SemiHermetic Scroll Discus 1,256 1,108 1,051 Assumptions: 1. 5 HP Compressor data used, based on average compressor size. 2. No floating head pressure controls installed. 3. Outdoor Compressor Installation 76 Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators Measure Number: I-E-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002. Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. Description The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in refrigerator with solid doors, typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in, roll-in/through and pass-through commercial refrigerators. Beverage merchandisers – a special type of reach-in refrigerator with glass doors – are not included in this characterization. Estimated Measure Impacts Reach-in Refrigerator Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.8 Average number of measures per year 15 Average Annual MWh savings per year 12.0 Algorithms Demand Savings kW Energy Savings kWh = kWh / FLH = value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up (varies by size and efficiency tier) Where: kW kWh FLH = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours). Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a reach-in refrigerator less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section. High Efficiency A high efficiency reach-in refrigerator can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY STAR specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification. Operating Hours The refrigerator is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.65 65 Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants 77 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Commercial 59.5% 85.8% 63.4% Refrigeration (#14) Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years66 Measure Cost Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial refrigerators is relatively small 67. For analysis purposes, the incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door Incentive Level Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of the total equipment cost).68 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door. O&M Cost Adjustments No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient refrigerators. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 66 The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in refrigerator at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. 67 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002 68 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22. 78 Savings for Reach-In Refrigerators meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications Internal Volume (cubic feet) Annual Energy Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base Use of Average Case Base Case Model ENERGY STAR Tier 2 (kWh/year) (Tier 1) 20 to 32 cf (one door) 2,102 563 1,179 33 to 60 cf (two door) 3,197 826 1,774 61 to 80 cf (three door) 4,292 1,088 2,370 Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold. CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators Tier Description of Specification Maximum Energy Use (kWh/day) 0.10 V + 2.04 0.06 V + 1.22 1 ENERGY STAR 2 ENERGY STAR + 40% Note: V= internal volume Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.10, Table 7. 79 Commercial Reach-In Freezer Measure Number: I-E-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002. Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. Description The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in freezer with solid doors, typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in, rollin/through and pass-through commercial freezers. Estimated Measure Impacts Reach-in Freezer Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.7 Average number of measures per year 15 Average Annual MWh savings per year 10.5 Algorithms Demand Savings kW Energy Savings kWh = kWh / FLH = value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up (varies by number of doors and efficiency tier) Where: kW kWh FLH = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours). Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a reach-in freezer less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section. High Efficiency A high efficiency reach-in freezer can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY STAR specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification. Operating Hours The freezer is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.69 69 Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants 80 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Commercial 59.5% 85.8% 63.4% Refrigeration (#14) Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years70 Measure Cost Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial freezers is relatively small 71. For analysis purposes, the incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a twodoor (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door. Incentive Level Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of the total equipment cost).72 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door. O&M Cost Adjustments No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient freezers. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 70 The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in freezer at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. 71 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002 72 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22. 81 Reference Tables Savings for Reach-In Freezers meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications Internal Volume (cubic feet) Annual Energy Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base Use of Average Case Base Case Model ENERGY STAR Tier 2 (kWh/year) (Tier 1) 20 to 32 cf (one door) 4,319 511 1,654 33 to 60 cf (two door) 7,805 669 2,810 61 to 80 cf (three door) 11,292 827 3,966 Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold. CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators Tier Description of Specification Maximum Energy Use (kWh/day) 0.40 V + 1.38 0.28 V + 0.097 1 ENERGY STAR 2 ENERGY STAR + 30% Note: V= internal volume Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.10, Table 7. 82 Commercial Ice-makers Measure Number: I-E-5-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002. Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. <Icemakers.xls> Description A typical ice-maker consists of a case, insulation, refrigeration system, and a water supply system. They are used in hospitals, hotels, food service, and food preservation. Energy-savings for ice-makers can be obtained by using high-efficiency compressors and fan motors, thicker insulation, and other measures. CEE has developed 2 efficiency thresholds – Tiers 1 and 2. Tier 2 units are not currently available, but more efficient models have been developed that are expected to be on the market soon. Estimated Measure Impacts Ice-maker Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.3 Average number of measures per year 15 Average Annual MWh savings per year 4.5 Algorithms Demand Savings kW Energy Savings kWh = kWh / FLH = value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up (varies by type, capacity and efficiency tier) Where: kW kWh FLH = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours). Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is an ice-maker less efficient than CEE Tier 1. See the average baseline energy use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section. High Efficiency A high efficiency ice-maker can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those approximately meeting the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) specifications, or Tier 2 – those 20% more efficient than Tier 1. Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification. Operating Hours The ice-maker is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.73 73 Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants 83 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Commercial 59.5% 85.8% 63.4% Refrigeration (#14) Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years74 Measure Cost Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial ice-makers is relatively small75. For analysis purposes, the incremental cost for Tier 1 is assumed to be $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day, $45 for 200 to 400 lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater than 600 lbs/day. These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE. Incentive Level Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are similar to the incentives suggested by ACEEE. 76 For Tier 1, the incentive is $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day, $45 for 200 to 400 lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater than 600 lbs/day. If equipment exceeding the Tier 2 specification becomes commercially available, it may still receive the incentive for exceeding Tier 1, but to avoid customer confusion, separate higher incentives for Tier 2 will not be offered until these units appear on the market. O&M Cost Adjustments No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient ice-makers. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions While there is a maximum water use threshold in the CEE criteria, it is primarily meant to ensure that energy-efficiency is not gained at the expense of increasing water usage. The water threshold is met by 75% of the ice-makers currently on the market. 77 Therefore, no change in water consumption is assumed for analysis purposes. Reference Tables 74 The following report estimates life of a commercial ice-maker at 7-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. 75 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002 76 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002. 77 Ibid., p. 14. 84 Savings for Ice-makers meeting CEE Tier 1 Specifications Unit Type and Capacity (lbs. of ice/24 hours) Annual Energy Use of Annual Energy Use of Average Annual kWh Average Base Case Average Tier 1 Model Savings Relative to Model (kWh/year) (kWh/year) Base Case for Tier 1 Air Cooled <200 2,021 1,887 134 200 to 400 3,680 3,243 437 401 to 600 4,906 4,480 427 > 600 6,531 5,870 661 Water Cooled <200 1,620 1,412 208 200 to 400 2,835 2,546 289 401 to 600 4,077 3,465 612 > 600 5,381 4,572 809 Base case energy use extrapolated from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis (Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 11). Analysis of Tier 1 models currently on the market indicates that they are on average 6% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold. Tier 1 savings assume average qualifying model is 4% better than the qualifying threshold (as a conservative estimate) and that the average unit operates at 40% of capacity. Savings for Tier 2 are not included because at this time there are no Tier 2 models on the market. See spreadsheet <Icemakers.xls> for actual calculation of average savings. CEE Specifications for Ice-Makers Harvest Rate (100 lbs of ice/24 hrs) Tier Corresponding Base Specification Max. Daily Energy Use (kWh/100 lbs of ice) Max. Daily Water Use (gallons/100 lbs of ice) Ice-Making Heads (Water Cooled) Approx. FEMP 7.80 – 0.0055H 200 – 0.022H 20% below Tier 1 6.24 – 0.0044H 200 – 0.022H ≥ 500 lbs/day Approx. FEMP 5.58 – 0.0011H 200 – 0.022H 20% below Tier 1 4.46 – 0.0008H 200 – 0.022H Ice-Making Heads (Air Cooled) < 450 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 10.26 – 0.0086H Not Applicable 2 20% below Tier 1 8.21 – 0.0069H Not Applicable ≥ 450 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 6.89 – 0.0011H Not Applicable 2 20% below Tier 1 5.51 – 0.0009H Not Applicable Remote-Condensing (Air Cooled) < 1000 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 8.85 – 0.0038H Not Applicable 2 20% below Tier 1 7.08 – 0.0030H Not Applicable ≥ 1000 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 5.10 Not Applicable 2 20% below Tier 1 4.08 Not Applicable Self-Contained (Water Cooled) < 200 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 11.40 – 0.0190H 191 – 0.0315H 2 20% below Tier 1 9.12 – 0.0152H 191 – 0.0315H ≥ 200 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 7.60 191 – 0.0315H 2 20% below Tier 1 6.08 191 – 0.0315H Self-Contained (Air Cooled) < 175 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 18.0 – 0.0469H Not Applicable 2 20% below Tier 1 14.4 – 0.0375H Not Applicable ≥ 175 lbs/day 1 Approx. FEMP 9.80 Not Applicable 2 20% below Tier 1 7.84 Not Applicable Note: H= harvest rate in lbs/day Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.14, Table 9. < 500 lbs/day 1 2 1 2 85 86 Evaporator Fan Motor Controls Measure Number: I-E-7-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Description Walk-in cooler evaporator fans typically run all the time; 24 hrs/day, 365 days/yr. This is because they must run constantly to provide cooling when the compressor is running, and to provide air circulation when the compressor is not running. However, evaporator fans are a very inefficient method of providing air circulation. Each of these fans uses more than 100 watts. Installing an evaporator fan control system will turn off evaporator fans while the compressor is not running, and instead turn on an energy-efficient 35 watt fan to provide air circulation, resulting in significant energy savings. Estimated Measure Impacts Evap Fan Control Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 2.6 Average number of measures per year 20 Average Annual MWh savings per year 52 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ((kWEvap nFans ) – kWCirc ) (1-DCComp) DCEvap BF Energy Savings kWh = kW 8760 Where: kW kWEvap nFans kWCirc DCComp DCEvap BF kWh 8760 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW)78 = Number of evaporator fans = Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)79. = Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)80 = Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer)81 = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing the evaporator fan with a lower wattage circulating fan when the compressor is not running (1.5 for low temp, 1.3 for medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp) 82 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = (hours/year) 78 Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts. Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol. 80 A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Traverse (35%-65%), Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall duty factor. 81 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day) 82 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F. . 79 87 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a refrigeration system without an evaporator fan control. High Efficiency High efficiency is a refrigeration system with an evaporator fan control and a smaller wattage circulating fan. Operating Hours The evaporator fan run time without a fan control is 8760 hours per year. With a fan control the evaporator fan would be replaced with a smaller wattage fan for 50% of the time, or 4380 hours per year. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 26.7% 14.0% 24.1% 35.2% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Evaporator 60.6% 37.7% 49.1% Fan Control (#68) Source: Derived from the standard refrigeration loadshape, with a 50% reduction in run time. See file <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years Measure Cost The installation cost for a fan control is $2,254.83 Incentive Level 25% of installation costs or $550 per fan control. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None 83 Based on average of costs from Freeaire and Cooltrol fan control systems. 88 Permanent Split Capacitor Motor Measure Number: I-E-8-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Description Cooler or freezer evaporator fan boxes typically contain two to six evaporator fans that run nearly 24 hours each day, 365 days each year. Not only do these fans use electricity, but the heat that each fan generates must also be removed by the refrigeration system to keep the product cold, adding more to the annual electricity costs. If the cooler or freezer has single-phase power, the electricity usage can be reduced by choosing permanent split capacitor (PSC) motors instead of conventional, shaded-pole motors. Estimated Measure Impacts Permanent Split Capacitor Motor Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.55 Average number of measures per year 50 Average Annual MWh savings per year 27.5 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = (kWSP – kWPSC ) DCEvap BF Energy Savings kWh = kW 8760 Where: kW kWSP kWPSC DCEvap BF kWh 8760 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = Connected load kW of a shaded pole evaporator fan (Average 0.132 kW) 84 = Connected load kW of a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan (0.088kW) 85 = Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer) 86 = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing a shaded-pole evaporator fan with a lower wattage PSC fan (1.5 for low temp, 1.3 for medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp) 87 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = (hours/year) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is shaded pole evaporator fan motor. High Efficiency High efficiency is a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan motor. 84 Based on metered data from R.H. Travers. Wattage of 1.1 Amp motor at 120 V, with 65% load factor. 86 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day) 87 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F. 85 89 Operating Hours A cooler evaporator fan runs all the time or 8760 hours per year. A freezer evaporator fan runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day). The smaller number of hours for freezer fan run time is captured in the duty cycle factor in the kW calculation, so that 100% coincidence factors may be applied to both applications. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Flat (#25) Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years Measure Cost The incremental cost of a PSC fan motor compared to a shaded-pole fan motor is $125.88 Retrofit cost for a PSC fan motor is $235 ($175 for the motor, $60 for installation labor including travel time). Incentive Level $75 or 60% of the incremental cost at the time of replacement and 32% of the full installed retrofit cost.. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None 88 Based on personal communications with Ken Hodgdon of Natural Cool ($125) and Kevan Mayer of Blodgett Supply ($120). 90 Zero-Energy Doors Measure Number: I-E-9-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Description Cooler or freezer reach-ins with glass doors typically have electric resistance heaters installed within the door frames. Refrigerator door manufacturers include these resistance heaters to prevent condensation from forming on the glass, blocking the customer’s view, and to prevent frost formation on door frames. Zeroenergy doors may be chosen in place of standard cooler and freezer doors. These doors consist of two or three panes of glass and include a low-conductivity filler gas (e.g., Argon) and low-emissivity glass coatings. This system keeps the outer glass warm and prevents external condensation. Manufacturers can provide information on how well these systems work with “respiring” products. Estimated Measure Impacts Zero-energy doors Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.8 Average number of measures per year 80 Average Annual MWh savings per year 64 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = kWdoor BF Energy Savings kWh = kW 8760 Where: kW kWdoor BF kWh 8760 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater (cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 89 = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp) 90 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = (hours/year) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation. High Efficiency High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door that prevents condensation with multiple pains of glass, inert gas, and low-e coatings instead of using electrically generated heat. Operating Hours 8760 hours per year 89 Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W). Bonus factor (1+ 0.65/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65% of heat generated by door enters the refrigerated case. 90 91 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Flat (#25) Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years91 Measure Cost The incremental cost of a zero energy door is estimated at $275 for coolers and $800 for freezers. 92 Incentive Level $125 or 45% of the incremental cost for a cooler door and $300 or 38% of the incremental cost for a freezer door. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None 91 The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. 92 Based on manufacturers cost data and EVT project experience. 92 Door Heater Controls Measure Number: I-E-10-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls> Description Another option to zero-energy doors – that is also effective on existing reach-in cooler or freezer doors – is “on-off” control of the operation of the door heaters. Because relative humidity levels differ greatly across the United States, a door heater in Vermont needs to operate for a much shorter season than a door heater in Florida. By installing a control device to turn off door heaters when there is little or no risk of condensation, one can realize energy and cost savings. There are two strategies for this control, based on either (1) the relative humidity of the air in the store or (2) the “conductivity” of the door (which drops when condensation appears). In the first strategy, the system activates your door heaters when the relative humidity in your store rises above a specific setpoint, and turns them off when the relative humidity falls below that setpoint. In the second strategy, the sensor activates the door heaters when the door conductivity falls below a certain setpoint, and turns them off when the conductivity rises above that setpoint. Estimated Measure Impacts Door heater controls Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 3.5 Average number of measures per year 20 Average Annual MWh savings per year 70 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = kWdoor Ndoor BF Energy Savings kWh = kW 8760 ES Where: kW kWdoor Ndoor BF kWh 8760 ES = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater (cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 93 = Number of doors controlled by sensor = Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp) 94 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = (hours/year) = Percent annual energy savings (55% for humidity-based control95, 70% for conductivity-based control96) 93 Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W). Bonus factor assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65% of heat generated by door enters the refrigerated case (1+ 0.65/COP). 95 R.H.Travers’ estimate of savings. 96 Door Miser savings claim. 94 93 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation. High Efficiency High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door with either a humidity-based or conductivity-based doorheater control. Operating Hours Door heaters operate 8760 hours per year. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 35.7% 17.9% 22.1% 24.3% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Door Heater 100.0% 0.0% 88.9% Control (#69) Source: Based on assumption that the door heater savings will occur when the interior humidity levels are lowest – primarily the winter months, with declining savings during the fall and spring. See <Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls> Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years97 Measure Cost The cost for humidity-based control is $300 for a complete circuit, regardless of the number of doors. The cost for conductivity-based control is $200 per door. Incentive Level $150 or 50% of the cost for a humidity-based control and $100 per door or 50% of the cost for a conductivity-based control. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables None 97 The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996. 94 Discus and Scroll Compressors Measure Number: I-E-11-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls> Description Discus Technology involves using effective gas and oil flow management through valving that provides the best operating efficiency in the range of the compressor load. This eliminates capillary tubes typically used for lubrication, that also offers maximum compressor protection as well as environmental integrity. Discus retainers inside the cylinder also improve efficiency and lower sound levels. Reducing discharge pulsation levels by 20% over older reed models accomplishes this. The discus action is similar to a piston in the car engine. There is a moving reed action in the top part of the piston, which decreases lost gas from escaping. This leads to the effective gas utilization mentioned above. Because of the close tolerance maintained by this discus retainer to the top of the compressor structure, the fluid loss is minimized and adds to efficiency, however this same tight tolerance requires completely particle free fluid to pass through it. The discus compressor offers a rated compressor efficiency rating, expressed in EER, that is significantly higher than the standard reciprocating type compressor, therefore leading to significant annual energy savings. Scroll Technology involves using two identical, concentric scrolls, one inserted within the other. One scroll remains stationary as the other orbits around it. This movement draws gas into the compression chamber and moves it through successively smaller pockets formed by the scroll’s rotation, until it reaches maximum pressure at the center of the chamber. At this point, the required discharge pressure has been achieved. There, it is released through a discharge port in the fixed scroll. During each orbit, several pockets are compressed simultaneously, making the operation continuous. Scroll compressors generally have slightly lower efficiency ratings than do discus compressors, particularly in lower temperature applications, but are nevertheless significantly more efficient than standard reciprocating compressors. Estimated Measure Impacts Compressor Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 1.5 Average number of measures per year 10 Average Annual MWh savings per year 15 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = kWh / FLH Energy Savings kWh = kWhHP HP Where: kW kWh FLH kWhHP = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours). = kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up) 95 HP = Compressor horsepower. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a standard hermetic or semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor. High Efficiency A high efficiency compressor for this write-up is either a discus or scroll compressor. Operating Hours The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, but because of compressor cycling the full load hours are 5858 hours.98 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 19.7% 9.5% 35.9% 34.9% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Commercial 59.5% 85.8% 63.4% Refrigeration (#14) Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Discuss and Scroll compressors have lifetimes of 13 years. A baseline compressor has a shorter lifetime of 10 years. Measure Cost Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables section below. Incentive Level Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables section below. O&M Cost Adjustments Standard compressors are assumed to require $325/year for maintenance (2.5 hours twice per year at $65/hour), compared to $97.5/year (1.5 hours) for scroll compressors and $65/year (1 hour) for discus compressors. The maintenance costs for standard semi-hermetic or hermetic compressors are primarily associated with cleaning the condenser and repairing leaks that are caused by the "slugging" of the liquid refrigerant in the line. The slugging hammers the refrigeration piping and joints become undone and leak. The maintenance costs associated with Scroll compressors are due to adjustment of onboard mechanical valves and cleaning the condenser. The maintenance costs associated with Discus compressors are simply to check out the moving reed action internal to the compressor and check the refrigerant fluid for particles. There are no other moving parts in the Discus that require maintenance. 98 Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants 96 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Compressor kWh Savings Per Horsepower Compressor Type Temperature Range Low Temperature Medium Temperature High Temperature (-35°F to -5°F SST) (0°F to 30°F SST) (35°F to 55°F SST) (Ref. Temp -20°F SST) (Ref. Temp 20°F SST) (Ref. Temp 45°F SST) Discus 517 601 652 Scroll 208 432 363 Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>. Compressor Costs and Incentives Size (HP) Baseline Cost Discus Cost 2 3 4 5 6 7.5 10 $4,790 $5,300 $6,400 $7,500 $11,090 $16,480 $19,800 NA $5,950 $7,165 $8,400 $12,420 $18,458 $22,176 Discus Incremental Cost NA $650 $765 $900 $1,330 $1,980 $2,375 Discus Incentive ($125/HP) NA $375 $500 $625 $750 $938 $1,250 97 Scroll Cost $5,270 $5,830 $7,040 $8,250 $12,200 $18,128 $21,780 Scroll Incremental Cost $480 $530 $640 $750 $1,110 $1,650 $1,980 Scroll Incentive ($110/HP) $220 $330 $440 $550 $660 $825 $1,100 Floating Head Pressure Control Measure Number: I-E-12-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 21 Effective date: 12/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls> Description Installers conventionally design a refrigeration system to condense at a set pressure-temperature setpoint, typically 90 degrees. By installing a “floating head pressure control” condenser system, the refrigeration system can change condensing temperatures in response to different outdoor temperatures. This means that as the outdoor temperature drops, the compressor will not have to work as hard to reject heat from the cooler or freezer. Estimated Measure Impacts Floating Head Pressure Control Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 2 Average number of measures per year 20 Average Annual MWh savings per year 40 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = kWh / FLH Energy Savings kWh = kWhHP HP Where: kW kWh FLH kWhHP HP = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW) = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh) = Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours). = kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up) = Compressor horsepower. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a refrigeration system without floating head pressure control. High Efficiency High efficiency is a refrigeration system with floating head pressure control. Operating Hours The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, while savings from floating head pressure control are expected to occur when the temperature outside is below 75 degrees F, or 8125 hours. However, due to varied levels of savings at different outdoor temperatures, the full load hours are assumed to be 7221 hours. See <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. 98 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak 23.7% 12.0% 29.9% 34.4% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Floating Head 100.0% 0.0% 53.7% Pressure Control (#70) Source: Calculated from hours during which outside temperatures are below 75 degrees F. See <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Freeridership 5% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Measure Cost Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables section below. Incentive Level Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables section below. Incentive not offered for compressors less than 1.5 HP. O&M Cost Adjustments None Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 99 Reference Tables Floating Head Pressure Control kWh Savings Per Horsepower Compressor Type Temperature Range Low Temperature Medium Temperature High Temperature (-35°F to -5°F SST) (0°F to 30°F SST) (35°F to 55°F SST) (Ref. Temp -20°F SST) (Ref. Temp 20°F SST) (Ref. Temp 45°F SST) Standard Reciprocating 695 727 657 Discus 607 598 694 Scroll 669 599 509 Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>. Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives Number of Evaporators 1 2 3 4 Incremental Cost $518 $734 $984 $1,233 Incentive $250 $375 $500 $650 100 Compressed Air End Use Compressed Air – Non-Controls Measure Number: I-F-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 15 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Description Measures other than controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis Demand Savings kW = kWh / HOURS Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure HOURS = hours of operation (see operating hours section). kW = gross customer kW savings for the measure Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Operating Hours Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays) 2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays) 3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays) 4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down time) Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Operating Schedule 1-shift (8/5) #44 2-shift (16/5) #45 3-shift (24/5) #46 4-shift (24/7) #47 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter1 Summer1 Fall/Spring1 33.2% 0.0% 66.8% 0.0% 39.7% 66.7% 39.7% 31.1% 2.1% 62.7% 4.2% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 22.1% 11.1% 44.6% 22.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named <compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts. 1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods, the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period, the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours. 101 Freeridership 5% CEO Non-Act 250 10% CIEM 0% Act 250 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Installed Cost Site specific. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Varies by measure. Leak reduction measure lifetime is 1 year. 102 Compressed Air – Controls Measure Number: I-F-2-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 15 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Description Controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis Demand Savings kW = kW SVG Where: kWh SVG kW kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = savings as a % of kW. SVG = 22%99. = average diversified kW compressor load controlled. = gross customer kW savings for the measure Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Operating Hours Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays) 2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays) 3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays) 4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down time) Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors 99 Average kW savings from examination of 15 audited projects. 103 Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Operating Schedule 1-shift (8/5) #44 2-shift (16/5) #45 3-shift (24/5) #46 4-shift (24/7) #47 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.2% 0.0% 66.8% 0.0% 39.7% 66.7% 39.7% 31.1% 2.1% 62.7% 4.2% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 22.1% 11.1% 44.6% 22.3% 71.4% 100.0% 71.4% 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named <compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts. 1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods, the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period, the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours. Freeridership 5% CEO Non-Act 250 10% CIEM 0% Act 250 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be 85% as agreed to between DPS and EVT. Installed Cost Site specific. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Engineering Measure Life varies by measure. Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be the 0.85 * the Engineering Measure Life, to adjust for persistence. 104 Snow Making End Use Snow Making Measure Number: I-G-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Snow Making End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 10/05/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Measures that reduce snow making energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis Demand Savings kW = kW calculated on a site-specific basis IRF Where: kWh kW IRF = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure = interruptible rate adjustment factor. Equals 0.50 for customers on interruptible rate; 1.0 for customers on non-interruptible rates. Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Operating Hours Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Calculated on a site-specific basis Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Snow Making 44% 44% 2% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 10% Site Specific 0% Site Specific Source: Energy distribution developed based on typical hours and season of snow making in Vermont. Winter and Fall/Spring coincidence factors will be calculated on a site specific basis depending on the ski areas practices, compressed air capacity, and other factors. 105 Freeridership 12% Non-Act 250 0% Act 250 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Installed Cost Site specific. Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Varies by measure 106 Monitor Power Management EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software Measure Number: I-H-1-a (CEO Program, Monitor Power Management End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 18 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) Webber, Carrie, A., et al., Field Surveys of Office Equipment Operating Patterns, Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, LBNL46930, September 2001; 2) Kawamoto et al., Electricity Used by Office Equipment and Network Equipment in the U.S., Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, LBNL-45917, February 2001; 3) EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in Monitors at US DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000; 4) Excel workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>, developed by Cadmus Group; 5) MPM Calculations.xls Description This measure describes the energy savings associated with office computer monitor power management (MPM) EZ Save software that enables a computer monitor to automatically power-down (i.e., sleep mode feature for the monitor after a period of inactivity). 100 EZ Save software is appropriate for organizations with a computer network and an in-house network administrator knowledgeable about network software installations. Energy savings are estimated in this characterization on a per computer basis and aggregrated based on the indicated number of computers to be activated on the software download form. EZ Save is installed on the local server without the need to go to the separate computer stations connected to the network. The energy savings estimated in this characterization are applicable to computers used on average 45 hours per week. Given that not all downloads of EZ Save MPM software will be installed due to the two-step process required by network administrators, we discount total kWh savings by an in-service rate (ISR) factor. Estimated Measure Impacts Software Type Average Annual MWH Savings per computer EZ Save Software on an 0.03 Office Computer Average number of computers per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 1000 30 Algorithms The following kW and kWh is per computer. Demand Savings101 kW = (WattsBASE-WattsEE)/1000 kW = (85 – 5)/1000 = 0.08 Energy Savings Savings per Week kWh/wk = kWh Use Before MPM Software Installed – kWh Use After MPM Software Installed 100 EVT implementation of this measure will identify intended computer type through the website registration and download requirements. 101 Kawamoto et al. 2001. 107 The algorithm follows that described by Kawamoto et al. (2001). kWh/wk = (HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+ WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek* PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+ WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000 -Minus(HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+ WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek* PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+ WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000 (i) (ii) Annual Savings for Office Computers Using EZ Save MPM Software kWh/wk = ((45*(45*0.56+85*0.44)+123*0.68*(5*0.56+85*0.44))/1000 ) ((45*(45*1+85*0)+123*0.68*(5*1+85*0))/1000) = 1.604 kWh kWh = kWh/wk * 52 weeks/yr* ISR = 1.604 * 52 * 0.33= 27.5 The table below provides the user-inputs for the average office setting using EZ Save MPM software: Computer Use Parameters Before After MPM MPM Effort Effort HoursUsedPerWeek102 45 45 WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM (avg. watts during in-use hours with MPM, weighted avg. of on and sleep mode) 103 PercentEnabled (Proportion of PCs Enabled for Monitor Power Management (MPM))104 WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM (avg. watts during in-use hours with no power management) 105 PercentDisabled (1 – PercentEnabled)106 HoursNotUsedPerWeek (Non-use hours, 168–45=123) PercentOnNights (Percent of monitors left on at nights) 107 WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM (avg. watts for monitor in sleep mode)108 ISR (In-Service Rate) 109 102 45 45 56% 100% 85 85 44% 0% 123 123 68% 68% 5 5 N/A 0.33 Estimated typical office hours of computer use per week (5 days * 9 hours/day) provided by the Cadmus Group. Kawamoto et al. (2001). 104 Source for percent enabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent enabled after MPM is from the Cadmus Group. This enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence factor. 105 Kawamoto et al. (2001). 106 Source for percent disabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent disabled after MPM is from the Cadmus Group. Note, this enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence factor. 107 Webber et al. (2001). EVT Estimates percent of monitors left on at night is the same as before MPM installed. 108 Kawamoto et al. (2001). 109 Estimate from David Beavers, Cadmus Group for software downloads requiring a registration form based on previous program implementation evaluations. 103 108 Baseline Efficiencies The baseline is a typical organization that has PC workstations enabled for monitor power management at the national average rate of 56%. High Efficiency The high efficiency organization is defined as having PC workstations enabled with monitor power management at a rate of 100%. Operating Hours Operating hours will vary depending on the number of users that turn off monitors after-hours and on weekends, and the number of workstations that are enabled for monitor power management. See input table above for default values. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Savings Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Computer Office #62 21.2% 11.9% 29.0% Summer Off-Peak 37.9% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 25.4% 23.5% 26.3% Source: See calculations in Excel workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>. Peak coincident factor is calculated as the average kW reduction during the peak period compared to the maximum kW savings from enabling the sleep mode. Freeridership 0%. The energy savings estimates already factor in a rate of 56% previous monitor power management, thus savings are based only on units that were not previously enabled. Because EZ Save significantly reduces the cost of enabling MPM, the possibility that an IT department would have manually implemented MPM in the near future without the benefit of EZ Save is very remote. Spillover 0%. There is a large potential for spillover, however data on actual impacts are not available at this time. Many organizations combine a rollout of EZ Save with general energy savings outreach messages to employees such as saving energy through powering down equipment after work. This can lead to a doubling of energy savings. Employees may also carry this message home and set their home computers for MPM. Also word of mouth by IT staffs will lead to additional applications of EZ Save. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be 0.85110 Lifetimes111 Engineering lifetime is 2 years based on estimated average existing CPU is two years old upon installation of software. Adjusted measure life is two years times persistence (2*0.85)= 1.7 years. Measure Cost There are no capital expenses for enabling monitor power management on Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000 and XP workstations. Windows NT4 workstations are not suitable for power management options. Network administrator labor cost is estimated at $80 (2 hrs at $40/hr) for installation. 112 On average, it is estimated that 25 computers will be activated per EZ Save download. For the purposes of prescriptive screening of the measure cost, the per network download cost is estimated to be $26.40. This is calculated by EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in Monitors at US DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000 111 Kawamoto et al. (2001) estimates computer lifetime of 4 years. EVT estimates the average age of a computer receiving MPM software is two years old. 112 Labor costs for installation will not vary with the number of computers activated. 110 109 discounting network download cost by the ISR rate to take into account all of the downloads that are never fully activated, and as such, labor costs are never incurred. ($80*0.33 =$26.40). O&M Cost Adjustments None quantified. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 110 Commercial Energy Opportunities (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track) Lighting End Use (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track) Non-Control Lighting (Act 250 and Comprehensive Track) Measure Number: II-A-1-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Act 250 and Comprehensive Track) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: None Description Efficient lighting with a reduced wattage compared to the baseline, other than controls. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 17.1 Average number of measures per year 200 Average Annual MWH savings per year 3420 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS WHFe Demand Savings kW = kWsave WHFd kWsave = (WSFbase – WSFeffic) SF/1000 Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type if site-specific hours are not available. WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont113and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors the value is1. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. WSFbase = the baseline lighting watts per square foot or linear foot. Refer to the table titled Act 250 Lighting Baselines. WSFeffic = the actual installed lighting watts per square foot or linear foot. SF = Building or space square footage or linear feet if usage expressed as watts per linear foot. 113 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 111 Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 114 0.75 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the table titled Act 250 Lighting Baselines. High Efficiency Based on actual installed watts per square foot. If not available then assumed equal to the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Operating Hours Lighting hours of operation determined on a site-specific basis. If site-specific data is not available then use hours of use by building type for interior lighting. See the table titled Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. If building type is not specified then use default 3,500 hours for interior lighting. For exterior lighting use default 3,338 hours of use 115. Loadshapes Indoor Lighting: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Outdoor Lighting: Loadshape #13, Commercial Outdoor Lighting. Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is: Per square foot $1.25 per Watt/SF reduction. Per lineal foot $0.50 per Watt/lin ft reduction. Incentive Level EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure. 114 115 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey. 112 O&M Cost Adjustments None. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHF) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Act 250 Baselines Note: For all baselines, Source is as listed unless the VT 2001 Guidelines, then it is the old baseline. MP=Master Plan, Non-MP=Non-Master Plan Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories Building Area Type Lighting Power Density (W/ft2) <10,000 ft2 >10,000 ft2 >10,000 ft2 Non-MP Master Plan Automotive Facility 1.5 1.5 1.5 Convention Center 2.2 2.1 2.1 Court House 1.9 1.9 1.8 Dining: Bar 2.0 1.7 1.6 Lounge/Leisure Dining: Cafeteria 1.8 1.8 1.8 Dining: Family 1.9 1.9 1.9 Dormitory 1.5 1.5 1.5 Source for Baseline Vt 2001 Guidelines Banquet/Multipurpose Classroom/Lecture Hall Leisure Dining Bar Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Exercise Center Gymnasium Hospital/Health Care Hotel Library Manufacturing Facility 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.2 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Motel Motion Picture Theater Multi-Family Museum Office Parking Garage Penitentiary Performing Arts Theater Police/Fire Station Post Office Religious Building Retail School/University Sports Arena Town Hall Transportation Warehouse Workshop 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.8 0.3 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.2 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Offices Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.3 1.6 2.2 3.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Retail Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 113 Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type <10,000 ft2 >10,000 ft2 NonMP >10,000 ft2 MP Source for Baseline Athletic Facility Buildings Gymnasium Playing Area Dressing/Locker Exercise Area Exercise Center Exercise Area Dressing/Locker 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Civil Service Buildings Courthouse Courtroom Confinement Cell Judges Chambers Police Station Police Station Laboratory Fire Station Fire Station Engine Room Sleeping Quarters Post Office Sorting Area 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 0.9 1.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 0.9 1.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 0.9 1.1 2.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Sorting & Mailing Convention Center Buildings Convention Center Exhibit Space 3.3 3.3 3.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.9 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 2.8 2.6 2.0 1.6 2.3 1.3 7.6 1.9 3.0 1.9 2.0 0.7 2.8 2.6 2.0 1.6 2.3 1.3 7.6 1.9 3.0 1.9 2.0 0.7 2.8 2.6 2.0 1.6 2.3 1.2 7.6 1.9 3.0 1.9 2.0 0.7 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Nurse Station Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Patient Room Vt 2001 Guidelines Nursery Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Radiology Vt 2001 Guidelines Educational Buildings Library Card File/Cataloging Stacks Reading Area Hospital/Healthcare Buildings Emergency Recovery Nurse Station Exam/Treatment Pharmacy Patient Room Operating Room Nursery Medical Supply Physical Therapy Radiology Laundry - Washing 114 Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type <10,000 ft2 Industrial Buildings Workshop Automotive Facility Manufacturing >10,000 ft2 NonMP >10,000 ft2 MP Source for Baseline Workshop Garage Service/Repair General Low Bay (<25’) General High Bay (>25’) Detailed Equipment Room Control Room 2.5 1.4 2.1 3.0 6.2 0.8 1.5 2.5 1.4 2.1 3.0 6.2 0.8 1.5 2.5 1.4 2.1 3.0 6.2 0.8 1.5 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Control Room Lodging Buildings Hotel Motel Dormitory Guest Room Guest Room Living Quarters 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.5 2.5 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Museum Buildings Museum General Exhibition 1.8 1.7 1.7 Restoration 3.7 3.6 3.6 Museum General Exhibition Inspection/Restoration Banking Activity Area Laboratory 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.3 Banking Activity Area Laboratory Confinement Cells 1.1 1.1 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines Worship – Pulpit, Choir Fellowship Hall 5.2 3.2 5.2 3.2 5.2 3.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines General Sales Area Mall Concourse 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.8 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Ring Sports Arena Court Sports Arena Indoor Playing Field Area 3.8 4.3 1.9 3.8 4.3 1.9 3.8 4.3 1.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Fine Material Storage Medium/Bulky Material Storage 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.3 Concourse Vt 2001 Guidelines Office Buildings Office Penitentiary Buildings Penitentiary Religious Buildings Retail Buildings Retail Sports Arena Building Sports Arena Storage Buildings Warehouse Transportation Buildings Transportation Airport Concourse Air/Train/Bus Baggage Area Terminal – Ticket Counter 2.3 115 2.1 2.1 Ticket Counter Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type <10,000 ft2 Lobby General 1.8 Hotel 1.9 Performing Arts 1.4 Motion Picture 1.4 Atrium (multi-story) First 3 floors 1.3 Each additional floor 0.2 Dining Area General Cafeteria 1.4 Bar/lounge leisure dining 2.3 >10,000 ft2 Non-MP >10,000 ft2 MP Source for Baseline 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Theater Lobby Theater Lobby 1.3 0.2 1.3 0.2 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.4 2.2 1.4 2.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines Avg Bar/lounge & leisure dining Vt 2001 Guidelines Avg Bar/lounge & leisure dining Avg Bar/lounge & leisure dining Vt 2001 Guidelines Family Hotel 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 Motel 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 Food preparation 1.0 1.0 1.0 Toilet & Washroom General Hospital/healthcare Museum 1.1 2.9 1.4 1.1 2.9 1.4 1.1 2.9 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines General 0.9 0.9 0.9 Vt 2001 Guidelines General Hospital/healthcare Museum 1.1 2.9 1.4 1.1 2.9 1.4 1.1 2.9 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 1.4 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.3 1.3 1.3 Vt 2001 Guidelines Restrooms Corridor Stairs – active Active storage Inactive storage General Museum Electrical/mechanical General 116 Act 250 Baseline for ASHRAE 1999 Categories Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type Office – enclosed plan General 1.7 1.7 1.7 Reading, Typing, Filing Office 1 Office – open plan General 1.9 1.9 2.0 Reading, Typing, Filing Avg Office 2 &3 Conference/meeting room General 1.7 1.7 1.6 Conference/ Meeting Room Classroom/lecture/training General 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 Classroom/Lecture Hall Classroom/Lecture Hall Audience/seating area Athletic facility Civil service building Convention center 0.5 1.6 2.2 0.5 1.6 2.1 0.5 1.6 2.1 Penitentiary building Religious building Sports arena Performing arena Motion picture Transportation 1.9 3.2 0.5 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.9 3.2 0.5 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.9 3.2 0.5 1.8 1.3 1.8 Penitentiary Act 250 Exterior Lighting Baseline Application Building entrance with canopy or free standing canopy Building entrance without canopy Building exit Building facades Power Limits 4 W/ft2 of canopied area 33 W/lin ft of door width 25 W/lin ft of door width 0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated façade area 117 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Conference Center Multipurpose Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Act 250 Baseline for IECC 2000 Categories Entire Building Lighting Power Density (W/ft2) <10,000 ft2 >10,000 ft2 >10,000 ft2 MP Non-MP Auditorium NA NA NA Bank/financial institution NA NA NA Classroom/lecture NA NA NA Convention, conference, NA NA NA meeting center Corridor, restroom, support NA NA NA area Dining NA NA NA Exercise center 1.4 1.4 1.4 Exhibition hall NA NA NA Grocery store 1.9 1.9 1.9 Gymnasium playing surface NA NA NA Hotel function NA NA NA Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling NA NA NA ht Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling NA NA NA ht Kitchen NA NA NA Library 1.5 1.5 1.5 Lobby, hotel NA NA NA Lobby, other NA NA NA Mall, arcade, atrium NA NA NA Medical and clinical care 1.6 1.6 1.6 Museum 1.6 1.6 1.6 Office 1.8 1.6 1.6 Religious worship 2.2 2.2 2.2 Restaurant 1.9 1.9 1.9 Retail sales, wholesale 3.1 2.7 2.7 showroom School 1.5 1.5 1.5 Storage, industrial and 1.2 1.2 1.2 commercial Theaters, motion picture 1.6 1.6 1.6 Theater, performance 1.5 1.5 1.5 Other 0.6 0.6 0.6 118 Source for Baseline NA NA NA NA NA NA Vt 2001 Guidelines NA Vt 2001 Guidelines NA NA NA NA NA Vt 2001 Guidelines NA NA NA Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Offices Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Retail Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Act 250 Baseline for IECC 2000 Categories Tenant Area or Lighting Power Density (W/ft2) Portion of Building <10,000 ft2 >10,000 ft2 >10,000 ft2 MP Non-MP Auditorium 1.6 1.6 1.6 Bank/financial institution 2.6 2.6 2.6 Classroom/lecture 1.9 1.9 1.8 Convention, conference, 1.7 1.7 1.6 meeting center Corridor, restroom, support 1.1 1.1 1.1 area Dining 2.2 2.2 2.2 Exercise center 1.1 1.1 1.1 Exhibition hall 3.3 3.3 3.3 Grocery store 2.1 2.1 2.1 Gymnasium playing surface 1.9 1.9 1.9 Hotel function 2.4 2.4 2.4 Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling 2.1 2.1 2.1 ht Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling 3.0 3.0 3.0 ht Kitchen 2.2 2.2 2.2 Library 1.8 1.8 1.8 Lobby, hotel 1.9 1.9 1.9 Lobby, other 1.8 1.8 1.8 Mall, arcade, atrium 1.8 1.8 1.8 Medical and clinical care 1.6 1.6 1.6 Museum 1.8 1.7 1.7 Office 1.9 1.9 2.0 Religious worship Restaurant Retail sales, wholesale showroom School Storage, industrial and commercial Theaters, motion picture Theater, performance Other Source for Baseline Vt 2001 Guidelines Banking Activity Area Classroom/Lecture Hall Conference/Meeting Room Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 3.2 2.2 2.1 3.2 2.2 2.1 3.2 2.2 2.1 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Museum General Exhibition Reading, Typing, Filing Avg Office 2 &3 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines NA 1.4 NA 1.4 NA 1.4 NA Vt 2001 Guidelines 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.0 Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines Vt 2001 Guidelines 119 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7 ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.1 (page 51) Building Area Type Lighting Power Density (w/ft2) Automotive Facility 1.5 Convention Center 1.4 Court House 1.4 Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 1.5 Dining: Cafeteria 1.8 Dining: Family 1.9 Dormitory 1.5 Exercise Center 1.4 Gymnasium 1.7 Hospital/Health Care 1.6 Hotel 1.7 Library 1.5 Manufacturing Facility 2.2 Motel 2.0 Motion Picture Theater 1.6 Multi-Family 1.0 Museum 1.6 Office 1.3 Parking Garage 0.3 Penitentiary 1.2 Performing Arts Theater 1.5 Police/Fire Station 1.3 Post Office 1.6 Religious Building 2.2 Retail 1.9 School/University 1.5 Sports Arena 1.5 Town Hall 1.4 Transportation 1.2 Warehouse 1.2 Workshop 1.7 120 Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7 ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54) Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type Athletic Facility Buildings Gymnasium Playing Area Dressing/Locker Exercise Area Exercise Center Exercise Area Dressing/Locker Civil Service Buildings Courthouse Courtroom Confinement Cell Judges Chambers Police Station Police Station Laboratory Fire Station Fire Station Engine Room Sleeping Quarters Post Office Sorting Area Convention Center Buildings Convention Center Exhibit Space Educational Buildings Library Card File/Cataloging Stacks Reading Area Hospital/Healthcare Buildings Emergency Recovery Nurse Station Exam/Treatment Pharmacy Patient Room Operating Room Nursery Medical Supply Physical Therapy Radiology Laundry - Washing 121 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.7 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 3.3 w/ft2 1.4 1.9 1.8 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 2.8 2.6 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.2 7.6 1.0 3.0 1.9 0.4 0.7 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7 ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54) Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Building Specific Space Type Industrial Buildings Workshop Automotive Facility Manufacturing Lodging Buildings Hotel Motel Dormitory Museum Buildings Museum Office Buildings Office Penitentiary Buildings Penitentiary Religious Buildings Retail Buildings Retail Sports Arena Building Sports Arena Workshop Garage Service/Repair General Low Bay (<25’) General High Bay (>25’) Detailed Equipment Room Control Room 2.5 1.4 2.1 3.0 6.2 0.8 0.5 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 Guest Room Guest Room Living Quarters 2.5 2.5 1.9 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 General Exhibition Restoration 1.6 2.5 w/ft2 w/ft2 Banking Activity Area Laboratory 2.4 1.8 w/ft2 w/ft2 Confinement Cells 1.1 w/ft2 Worship – Pulpit, Choir Fellowship Hall 5.2 2.3 w/ft2 w/ft2 General Sales Area Mall Concourse 2.1 1.8 w/ft2 w/ft2 Ring Sports Arena Court Sports Arena Indoor Playing Field Area 3.8 4.3 1.9 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 1.6 1.1 w/ft2 w/ft2 0.7 1.3 1.8 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 Storage Buildings Warehouse Fine Material Storage Medium/Bulky Material Storage Transportation Buildings Transportation Airport Concourse Air/Train/Bus Baggage Area Terminal – Ticket Counter 122 Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7 ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54) Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Space by Space Common Activity Areas Lobby General Hotel Performing Arts Motion Picture Atrium (multi-story) First 3 floors Each additional floor Dining Area General Cafeteria Bar/lounge leisure dining Family Hotel Motel Food preparation Restrooms Corridor General Hospital/healthcare Museum Stairs – active General Active storage General Hospital/healthcare Museum Inactive storage General Museum Electrical/mechanical General 1.8 1.7 1.2 0.8 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 1.3 0.2 w/ft2 w/ft2 1.4 1.2 2.2 1.0 1.2 2.2 1.0 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 0.7 1.6 0.7 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 0.9 w/ft2 1.1 2.9 1.4 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 0.3 1.4 w/ft2 w/ft2 1.3 w/ft2 Act 250 Guidelines Lighting Power Limits for Building Exteriors Application Building entrance with canopy or free standing canopy Building area without canopy Building exit Building facades 123 Power Limits 3 W/ft2 of canopied area 33 W/lin ft of door width 20 W/lin ft of door width 0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated façade area Act 250 Guidelines from Chapter 7 ASHRAE 1999 Table 9.3.1.2 (pages 52-54) Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2) Space by Space -- Common Activity Areas Office – enclosed plan General 1.5 Office – open plan General 1.3 Conference/meeting room General 1.5 Classroom/lecture/training General 1.6 Penitentiary 1.4 Audience/seating area Athletic facility 0.5 Civil service building 1.6 Convention center 1.6 Penitentiary building 1.9 Religious building 3.2 Sports arena 0.5 Performing arena 1.8 Motion picture 1.3 Transportation 1.0 124 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 w/ft2 Act 250 Guidelines from IECC 2000 Table 805.4.2 (page 114) Interior Lighting Power, w/ft2 Building or Area Type Entire Bldg Tenant Area or Portion Auditorium NA 1.6 Bank/financial institution NA 2.0 Classroom/lecture NA 1.6 Convention, conference, meeting center NA 1.5 Corridor, restroom, support area NA 0.8 Dining NA 1.4 Exercise center 1.4 1.1 Exhibition hall NA 3.3 Grocery store 1.9 2.1 Gymnasium playing surface NA 1.9 Hotel function NA 2.4 Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling ht NA 2.1 Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling ht NA 3.0 Kitchen NA 2.2 Library 1.5 1.8 Lobby, hotel NA 1.9 Lobby, other NA 1.0 Mall, arcade, atrium NA 1.4 Medical and clinical care 1.6 1.6 Museum 1.6 1.6 Office 1.3 1.5 Religious worship 2.2 3.2 Restaurant 1.7 1.7 Retail sales, wholesale showroom 1.9 2.1 School 1.5 NA Storage, industrial and commercial 0.6 1.0 Theaters, motion picture 1.1 1.0 Theater, performance 1.4 1.5 Other 0.6 1.0 Building Type Office Restaurant Retail Grocery/Supermarket Warehouse Elemen./Second. School College Health Hospital Hotel/Motel Manufacturing Annual Hours 3,435 4,156 3,068 4,612 2,388 2,080 5,010 3,392 4,532 2,697 5,913 (2) Source: From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993. 125 Lighting Controls Measure Number: II-A-2-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Act 250 and Comprehensive Track, Lighting Controls) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Description Controls for lighting, such as occupancy sensors and daylight dimming. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWconnected HOURS SVGeffic WHFe Demand Savings kW = kWconnected SVGeffic WHFd Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure HOURS = uncontrolled annual lighting hours of use per year; site-specific. SVGeffic = % of annual lighting energy saved by lighting control; determined on a site-specific basis except for multi-level and perimeter switching in the Comprehensive Track where SVG = 10%116. kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control. For multi-level and perimeter switching in the Comprehensive Track the savings is applied to all interior lighting kW load. WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont117and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient lighting. WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings. Waste Heat Adjustment Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See above. Heating Increased Usage MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe) 0.003413 0.39 / 0.75 Where: MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure from the reduction in lighting heat. 0.003413 = conversion from kWh to MMBTU 0.39 = ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 118 116 10% savings estimate applied to all interior lighting in the Comprehensive Track. Based on 50% of lighting turned off 20% of the time as a result of multi-level and perimeter switching requirements in the Comprehensive Track. Perimeter lighting is expected to be switched off more frequently, resulting in a higher percent savings, but this is offset by other interior lighting such as hallways that will not benefit from multi-level switching. 117 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 126 0.75 = average heating system efficiency Oil heating is assumed typical. Baseline Efficiencies For lighting controls the baseline is a manual switch. The Vermont Consolidated Act 250 Energy Guidelines call for multi-level and perimeter switching where appropriate. High Efficiency Controlled lighting such as occupancy sensors and daylight dimming . Operating Hours Lighting hours of operation determined on a site-specific basis. If site-specific data is not available then use hours of use by building type for interior lighting. See the table titled Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type. If building type is not specified then use default 3,500 hours for interior lighting. For exterior lighting use default 3,338 hours of use 119. Loadshapes Indoor Lighting: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling loadshape. Outdoor Lighting: Loadshape #13, Commercial Outdoor Lighting. Freeridership 15% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost Site-specific. Lifetimes Controls – 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type Building Type Office Restaurant Retail Grocery/Supermarket Warehouse Elemen./Second. School College Health Hospital Hotel/Motel Manufacturing Other/Misc. Annual Hours (1) 3,435 4,156 3,068 4,612 2,388 2,080 5,010 3,392 4,532 2,697 5,913 2,278 (2) (1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993. (2) Manufacturing hours from DPS screening tool for industrial lighting. 118 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1,indoor ASHRAE Journal November 1993. 119 Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey. 127 Reference Tables 128 Motors End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track) Efficient Motors Measure Number: II-B-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track, Efficient Motors End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio 17 1/1/03 TBD Referenced Documents: None Description Three-phase ODP & TEFC motors from 1 to 200 HP meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency. All other motors are treated as custom measures. The minimum efficiency is that defined by EPACT and the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 2.1 Average number of measures per year 121 Average Annual MWH savings per year 254.1 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = (kWbase –kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWbase – kWeffic kWl = HP 0.746 (1/l) LF Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure HP = horsepower of motor (HP) 0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP) l = efficiency of motor l (l is efficient, Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction, or baseline) LF = load factor of motor (default = 0.75) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects the minimum efficiency allowed under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), which went into effect October 1997. While EPACT generally reflects the floor of efficiencies available, most manufacturers produce models just meeting EPACT, and these are the most commonly purchased among customers not choosing high efficiency. Refer to the Baseline Motor Efficiencies table. High Efficiency The efficiency of each motor installed. The minimum efficiency is that defined by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE), the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction and found on NEEP application forms. Refer to the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction Motor Efficiencies table. 129 Operating Hours If available, customer provided annual operating hours. If annual operating hours is not available, then refer to the Annual Motor Operating Hours table for HVAC fan or pump motors by building type. For all other motors, use 4500 hours (E Source Technology Atlas Series Volume IV, Drivepower, p. 32). Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh (RPF) Motor Winter Winter Summer Summer Application Peak OffPeak Off-Peak Peak Ventilation 16.9% 7.6% 37.2% 38.3% #16 Industrial #21 29.2% 4.2% 58.3% 8.3% HVAC Pump 38.1% 19.0% 20.4% 22.5% (heating) #26 HVAC Pump 0.0% 0.0% 47.6% 52.4% (cooling) #27 HVAC Pump (unknown use) 19.0% 9.5% 34.0% 37.4% #28 Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 36.5% 47.5% 42.0% 65.7% 90.0% 65.7% 100.0% 0.0% 79.7% 0.0% 100.0% 39.9% 50.0% 50.0% 59.8% Source: Engineering estimates and GMP screening tool load profiles. Freeridership 7.5% Spillover 30% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years for a premium-efficiency motor (Based on BPA measure life study II (Skumatz), which looked at life of motors in place in commercial buildings). An existing or baseline motor is expected to last for 15 years. Because of its lower operating temperature and better tolerances a premium-efficiency motor will typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost See the incremental cost table by horsepower and enclosure type in the reference table section. Incentive Level Though incentives originally were intended to cover 100% of incremental cost, recent NEEP data indicates that the incentive covers significantly less – somewhere between 50% and 100%, depending on size. On average the incentive is estimated at 2/3rd of the incremental cost. See the incremental cost table by horsepower and enclosure type in the reference table section. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 130 Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base (EPACT) Size HP 1 1.5 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200+ Open Drip Proof (ODP) Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 80.0% 82.5% 75.5% 84.0% 84.0% 82.5% 85.5% 84.0% 84.0% 86.5% 86.5% 84.0% 87.5% 87.5% 85.5% 88.5% 88.5% 87.5% 90.2% 89.5% 88.5% 90.2% 91.0% 89.5% 91.0% 91.0% 90.2% 91.7% 91.7% 91.0% 92.4% 92.4% 91.0% 93.0% 93.0% 91.7% 93.0% 93.0% 92.4% 93.6% 93.6% 93.0% 93.6% 94.1% 93.0% 94.1% 94.1% 93.0% 94.1% 94.5% 93.6% 94.5% 95.0% 93.6% 94.5% 95.0% 94.5% Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 80.0% 82.5% 75.5% 85.5% 84.0% 82.5% 86.5% 84.0% 84.0% 87.5% 87.5% 85.5% 87.5% 87.5% 87.5% 89.5% 89.5% 88.5% 89.5% 89.5% 89.5% 90.2% 91.0% 90.2% 90.2% 91.0% 90.2% 91.7% 92.4% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 91.0% 93.0% 93.0% 91.7% 93.0% 93.0% 92.4% 93.6% 93.6% 93.0% 93.6% 94.1% 93.0% 94.1% 94.5% 93.6% 94.1% 94.5% 94.5% 95.0% 95.0% 94.5% 95.0% 95.0% 95.0% 131 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Size HP 1 1.5 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200+ Open Drip Proof (ODP) # of Poles 2 4 6 Speed (RPM) 1200 1800 3600 80.0% 84.0% 85.5% 86.5% 87.5% 88.5% 90.2% 90.2% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 93.0% 93.0% 93.6% 93.6% 94.1% 94.1% 94.5% 94.5% 82.5% 84.0% 84.0% 86.5% 87.5% 98.5% 89.5% 91.0% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 93.0% 93.0% 93.6% 94.1% 94.1% 94.5% 95.0% 95.0% 82.5% 84.0% 84.0% 85.5% 87.5% 88.5% 89.5% 90.2% 91.0% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 93.0% 93.0% 93.0% 93.6% 93.6% 94.5% Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) 1200 # of Poles 4 Speed (RPM) 1800 3600 80.0% 85.5% 86.5% 87.5% 87.5% 89.5% 89.5% 90.2% 90.2% 91.7% 91.7% 93.0% 93.0% 93.6% 93.6% 94.1% 94.1% 95.0% 95.0% 82.5% 84.0% 84.0% 87.5% 87.5% 89.5% 89.5% 91.0% 91.0% 92.4% 92.4% 93.0% 93.0% 93.6% 94.1% 94.5% 94.5% 95.0% 95.0% 75.5% 82.5% 84.0% 85.5% 87.5% 88.5% 89.5% 90.2% 90.2% 91.0% 91.0% 91.7% 92.4% 93.0% 93.0% 93.6% 94.5% 94.5% 95.0% 2 132 6 Annual Motor Operating Hours Building Type Office Retail Manufacturing Hospitals Elem/Sec Schools Restaurant Warehouse Hotels/Motels Grocery Health College/Univ Miscellaneous HVAC Pump (heating) 2,186 2,000 3,506 2,820 3,602 2,348 3,117 5,775 2,349 4,489 5,716 2,762 HVAC Pump (cooling) 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,688 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,688 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 HVAC Pump (unknown use) Ventilation Fan 2,000 2,000 2,462 2,754 2,190 2,000 2,241 4,231 2,080 2,559 3,641 2,000 6,192 3,261 5,573 8,374 3,699 4,155 6,389 3,719 6,389 2,000 3,631 3,720 Source: Adapted from Southeastern NY audit data, adjusted for climate variations. Motors must operate a minimum of 2000 hours to qualify. Size HP 1 1.5 2 3 5 7.5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 200 Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives for Efficient Motors Open Drip-Proof (ODP) Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) Incremental Customer Incremental Cost Customer Cost Incentive Incentive $52 $45 $52 $50 $60 $45 $60 $50 $61 $54 $61 $60 $54 $54 $54 $60 $63 $54 $63 $60 $123 $81 $123 $90 $116 $90 $116 $100 $115 $104 $115 $115 $115 $113 $115 $125 $201 $117 $201 $130 $231 $135 $231 $150 $249 $162 $249 $180 $273 $198 $273 $220 $431 $234 $431 $260 $554 $270 $554 $300 $658 $360 $658 $400 $841 $540 $841 $600 $908 $630 $908 $700 $964 $630 $964 $700 Sources: --- MotorUp! Program Evaluation and Market Assessment, Pages 2-8, Prepared for NEEP Motors Initiative Working Group, Prepared by Xenergy, September 6, 2001 --- 2002 MotorUp! Three-Phase Electric Motor Incentive Application 133 HVAC End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track) Electric HVAC Measure Number: II-C-1-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track, HVAC End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio 17 1/1/03 TBD Referenced Documents: None. Description Electric HVAC equipment meeting or exceeding the minimum efficiencies in 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction, including controls and distribution systems. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.6964 Average number of measures per year 138 Average Annual MWH savings per year 96.1 Algorithms The savings for small split system and single package air conditioners and heat pumps (<65,000 BTUh), excluding room air conditioners PTACs, PTHPs, water source heat pumps and ground source heat pumps, should be calculated using SEER and HSPF efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings kWhc = kBTU/hr [(1/SEERbase - 1/SEERee)] FLHs kWhh = kBTU/hr [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)] FLHw kWc = kBTU/hr [(1.1/SEERbase - 1.1/SEERee)] kWh = kBTU/hr [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)] Where: kWhc = gross customer annual kWh cooling savings for the measure kWhh = gross customer annual kWh heating savings for the measure kBTU/hr = the nominal rating of the capacity of the A/C or heat pump in kBTU/hr. 1 Ton = 12 kBTU/hr. SEERbase = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the baseline cooling equipment (BTU/Wh) SEERee = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient cooling equipment (BTU/Wh) FLHs = cooling full load hours per year HSPFbase = heating seasonal performance factor of the baseline heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh) HSPFee = heating seasonal performance factor of the energy efficient heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh) FLHw = heat pump heating full load hours per year kWc = gross customer connected load kW savings from cooling for the measure kWh = gross customer connected load kW savings from heating for the measure 134 The savings for larger air conditioners and heat pumps (65,000 BTUh) and all PTAC’s, PTHP’s, room air conditioners and water-source and ground-source heat pumps should be calculated using cooling EER efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings kWhc = kBTU/hrcool [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)] FLHs kWhh = kBTU/hrheat [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)] FLHw Demand Savings kWc = kBTU/hrcool [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)] kWh = kBTU/hrheat [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)] Where: EERbase = energy efficiency ratio of the baseline equipment (BTUh/W) EERee = energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient equipment (BTUh/W) If efficiencies are stated in kW/ton or COP use the following conversions: EER = 12 / (kW/ton), EER = 3.413 COP The rating conditions for the baseline and efficient equipment efficiencies must be equivalent. The chillers should be calculated using cooling kW/ton efficiencies and the following algorithms: Energy Savings kWhc = tons [(IPLVbase - IPLVee)] FLHs Demand Savings kWc = tons [(PEbase - PEee)] Where: IPLVbase = Integrated part load value efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton) IPLVee = Integrated part load value efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton) PEbase = Peak efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton) PEee = Peak efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton) Savings for HVAC controls and distribution systems are calculated on a custom basis with baseline technologies established in the Electric HVAC Baseline table. If EVT convinces a customer to switch technologies, savings would be calculated based on going from a baseline efficiency of the technology the customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was intending to install an air-cooled heat pump and EVT convinced them to install a water source heat pump instead, savings would be based on going from a baseline air cooled heat pump to the actual water source unit installed. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the Act 250 Electric HVAC Baseline table. High Efficiency Measure efficiencies should be obtained from customer data. If the efficiencies are missing, but the manufacturer and model # are available, then refer to the ARI directories. If HSPF is not available, then estimate as 0.65 SEER. Operating Hours Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours, 2200 heating full load hours for heat pumps less than 65,000 BTUh and using HSPF, 1600 heating full load hours for heat pumps greater than or equal to 65,000 BTUh and using EER (electric resistance heating may be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when calculated savings are based on EER). 135 PTAC: 830 cooling full load hours, 1640 heat pump heating full load hours (electric resistance heating would be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when based on EER) Water Source Heat Pumps: 2088 cooling full load hours, 2248 heat pump heating full load hours Room AC: 800 cooling full load hours, 1600 heat pump heating full load hours Chillers: Site-specific based on engineering estimates. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh (RPF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Application Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Cooling 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% Heating #17 44.3% 37.8% 6.9% 11.0% Source: Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool. Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 0.3% 36.0% 15.3% 37.2% 0.3% 19.3% Freeridership Unitary HVAC – 6% Chillers – 0% HVAC Economizers 35% Spillover Unitary HVAC – 6% Chillers – 0% HVAC Economizers 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Unitary – 15 years. Chillers – 25 years Room Air Conditioner – 10 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is determined on a site-specific basis. Incentive Level EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure. EVT does, however, pay incentives for electric HVAC systems that qualify for the Cool Choice Tier 2. Incentives for Cool Choice Tier 2 qualifiers are paid by the ton. Per ton incentives vary from $73/ton to $92/ton based on the size of the system. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 136 Small Project Measure Technology Size Sub category or Peak Rating Efficiency Condition Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unit Large or Master Plan Project Integrated Peak Part Load Unit Unit Efficiency Efficiency (IPLV) Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated Heat Pumps, Evaporatively Cooled (Cooling Mode) Heat Pumps, Water Cooled, Water Source (Cooling Mode) GroundwaterSource (Cooling Mode) <65,000 BTU/h Split System & Single Package 9.3 EER 8.5 EER 9.3 EER 8.5 EER =>65,000 BTU/h and <15,000 BTU/h Split System & Single Package 10.5 EER 9.7 EER 10.5 EER 9.7 EER <65,000 BTU/h 86 d(F) Entering Water 9.3 EER 9.3 EER =>65,000 BTU/h and <135,000 BTU/h 86 d(F) Entering Water 10.5 EER 10.5 EER <135,000 BHU/h 59 d(F) Entering Water 11.5 EER 11.5 EER Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat Act 250 Electric HVAC Baseline Small Project Measure Technology Size Large or Masterplan Project Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Sub category or Peak Rating Unit Efficiency Condition Peak Efficiency Unit Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Electrically Operated Air Conditioner <65,000 Air Cooled BTU/h <65,000 BTU/h =>65,000 BTU/h and <135,000 BTU/h =>135,000 BTU/h and <240,000 BTU/h =>240,000 BTU/h and <760,000 BTU/h Air Conditioners, Evaporatively 10.0 SEER 10.0 SEER Single Package 9.7 SEER 9.7 SEER Split System & Single Package 8.9 EER 8.3 EER 8.9 EER 8.3 EER Split System & Single Package 8.5 EER 7.5 EER 8.5 EER 7.5 EER Split System & Single Package 8.5 EER 7.5 EER 8.5 EER 7.5 EER 8.2 EER 7.5 EER 8.2 EER 7.5 EER 9.3 EER 8.5 EER 9.3 EER 8.5 EER Split System Split System =>760,000 & Single BTU/h Package Split System <65,000 & Single BTU/h Package 137 Cooled =>65,000 BTU/h and <135,000 BTU/h =>135,000 BTU/h and <760,000 BTU/h =>760,000 BTU/h Split System & Single Package 10.5 EER 9.7 EER 10.5 EER 9.7 EER Split System & Single Package 9.6 EER 9.0 EER 9.6 EER 9.0 EER Split System & Single Package 9.6 EER 9.0 EER 9.6 EER 9.0 EER 138 Small Project Measure Technology Sub category or Peak Rating Efficiency Condition Size Large or Masterplan Project Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unit Peak Efficiency Unit Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Electrically Operated Air Conditioners, Water Cooled Condensing Units, Air Cooled Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled <65,000 BTU/h 9.3 EER 8.3 =>65,000 BTU/h and <135,000 BTU/h 10.5 EER =>135,000 BTU/h and <760,000 BTU/h 9.6 EER 9.0 =>760,000 BTU/h 9.6 EER =>135,000 BHU/h 9.9 =>135,000 BHU/h 12.9 EER 9.3 EER 8.3 EER 10.5 EER EER 9.6 EER 9.0 EER 9.0 EER 9.6 EER 9.0 EER EER 11.0 EER 9.9 EER 11.0 EER EER 12.9 EER 12.9 EER 12.9 EER Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated Heat Pumps, Air Cooled (Cooling Mode) <65,000 BTU/h <65,000 BTU/h =>65,000 BTU/h and <15,000 BTU/h =>135,000 BTU/h and <240,000 BTU/h =>240,000 BTU/h and <760,000 BTU/h =>760,000 BTU/h Split System 10.0 SEER 10.0 SEER Single Package 9.7 SEER 9.7 SEER Split System & Single Package 8.9 EER 8.3 EER 8.9 EER 8.3 EER Split System & Single Package 8.5 EER 7.5 EER 8.5 EER 7.5 EER Split System & Single Package 8.5 EER 7.5 EER 8.5 EER 7.5 EER Split System & Single Package 8.2 EER 7.5 EER 8.2 EER 7.5 EER Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat 139 Small Project Measure Technology Size Sub category or Peak Rating Efficiency Condition Large or Masterplan Project Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unit Peak Efficiency Unit Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated <65,000 BTU/h Split System (Cooling Capacity) <65,000 BTU/h Single Package (Cooling Capacity) =>65,000 BTU/h and <135,000 47 d(F) db/43 d(F) BTU/h wb Outdoor Air (Cooling Capacity) =>135,000 BTU/h 47 d(F) db/43 d(F) (Cooling wb Outdoor Air Capacity) Heat Pumps, <135,000 Water-Cooled, BHU/h 68 d(F) Entering Water-Source (Cooling Water (Heating Mode) Capacity) <135,000 GroundwaterBHU/h 50 d(F) Entering Source (Heating (Cooling Water Mode) Capacity) Heat Pump, Air Cooled (Heating Mode) 6.8 HSPF 6.8 HSPF 6.6 HSPF 6.6 HSPF 3.0 COP 3.0 COP 2.9 COP 2.9 COP 4.2 COP 4.2 COP 3.0 COP 3.0 COP Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat 140 Small Project Measure Technology Sub category or Peak Rating Efficiency Condition Size Unit Large or Masterplan Project Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Peak Efficiency Unit Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Water Chilling Packages, Electrically Operated Air-Cooled Chiller, with Condenser < 150 Tons 2.7 COP 2.7 COP 2.7 COP 2.8 IPLV =>150 Tons Air-Cooled All Chiller, without capacities Condenser Water Cooled Positive All Displacement capacities (Reciprocating) Water Cooled Chiller (all but < 150 Tons Reciprocating) 2.5 COP 2.5 COP 2.5 COP 2.5 IPLV 3.1 COP 3.1 COP 3.1 COP 3.1 IPLV 3.8 COP 3.9 COP 3.8 COP 3.9 COP 3.8 COP 3.9 COP 3.8 COP 3.9 IPLV 4.2 COP 4.5 COP 4.2 COP 4.5 IPLV 5.2 COP 5.3 COP 5.2 COP 5.3 IPLV =>150 Tons and <300 Tons =>300 Tons Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated PTAC and PTHP (Cooling Mode) All Capacities PTHP (Heating Mode) All Capacities Room Air Conditioners, w/ Louvered Sides <6,000 BTU/h 10.0 - (0.16 x Cap [BTU/h] /1000) 2.9 - (0.026 x Cap /1000) EER 10.0 - (0.16 x Cap [BTU/h] /1000) EER COP 2.9 - (0.026 x Cap /1000) COP 8.0 EER 8.0 EER =>6,000 BTU/h and <8,000 BTU/h 8.5 EER 8.5 EER =>8,000 BTU/h and <14,000 BTU/h 9.0 EER 9.0 EER =>14,000 BTU/h and <20,000 BTU/h 8.8 EER 8.8 EER =>20,000 BTU/h 8.2 EER 8.2 EER 95 d(F) db Outdoor Air Notes - Note that the calculation methodology for PTAC/PTHP efficiency is not linear for all capacities. For systems with capacity <= 7 kBtu/h use 7 kBtu/h for calculations. For systems with capacity >=14 kBtu/h use 14 kBtu/h for calculations. Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat 141 Small Project Measure Technology Sub category or Peak Rating Efficiency Condition Size Large or Masterplan Project Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unit Peak Efficiency Unit Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air-Conditioner Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated Room Air Conditioners, w/out Louvered Sides <6,000 BTU/h 8.0 EER 8.0 EER =>6,000 BTU/h and <20,000 BTU/h 8.5 EER 8.5 EER =>20,000 BTU/h 8.2 EER 8.2 EER 8.5 EER 8.5 EER 8.0 EER 8.0 EER Room Air Conditioner All Heat Pumps, w/ Capacities Louvered Sides Room Air Conditioner All Heat Pumps, Capacities w/out Louvered Sides Miscellaneous Controls and Distribution Systems Distribution <10,000 sq. Systems/ ft. Controls >10,000 sq. ft. <10,000 sq. Economizers ft. >10,000 sq. ft. No VAV, EMS or DDC. Straight thermostats. All else custom. All measures custom All measures custom Fixed Dampers Dry-bulb control Fixed Dampers Dry-bulb control Note: Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat 142 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Act 250 Guidelines Split <65,000 Btu/hr c Air Conditioners: Minimum Efficiencya Air Cooled Water and evaporatively cooled Single pkg Split Single pkg 10.0 SEER 9.7 SEER 12.1 EER 10.3 EERb >65,000 and <135,000 Btu/hr >135,000 and <240,000 Btu/hr >240,000 and <760,000 Btu/hr >760,000 Btu/hr 11.5 EERb 9.7 EERb 11.0 EERb 9.5 EERb 9.7 IPLVb 9.2 EERb 9.4 IPLVb 11.0 EERb 10.3 IPLVb a IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat c Single Phase air-cooled ac <65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER values b Act 250 Guidelines Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps: Minimum Efficiency Water Source Cooling mode Heating mode Cooling capacity 86o entering water <17,000 Btu/hr 11.2 EER >17,000 and <135,000 Btu/hr 12.0 EER Groundwater Source Cooling mode Heating mode 68o entering water 59o entering water 50o entering water 4.2 COP 16.2 EER 3.6 COP 143 Act 250 Guidelines Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements Small Project Measure Technology Size Sub category or Peak Rating Efficiency Condition Unit Large or Masterplan Project Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Peak Efficiency Unit Integrated Part Load Unit Efficiency (IPLV) Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units Electrically Operated Condensing Units, Air Cooled Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled =>135,000 BHU/h 10.1 EER 11.2 EER 10.1 EER 11.2 EER =>135,000 BHU/h 13.1 EER 13.1 EER 13.1 EER 13.1 EER Act 250 Guidelines Heat Pumps Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps Minimum Efficiency Requirements, All Capacities New b Replacement b PTAC Cooling modea PTHP Cooling Modea PTHP Heating mode c 12.5-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER 10.9-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER 12.3-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER 10.8-(0.213 x Cap/1000) EER 3.2-(0.026 x Cap/1000) COP 2.9-(0.026 x Cap/1000) COP Notes a 95o db Outdoor Air Rating Condition b Note that the calculation methodology for PTAC/PTHP efficiency is not linear for all capacities. For systems with capacity <= 7 kBtu/h use 7 kBtu/h for calculations. For systems with capacity >=14 kBtu/h use 14 kBtu/h for calculations. 144 Act 250 Guidelines Cooling capacity <65,000 Btu/hrc Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Air Cooled: Minimum Efficiencya Cooling Mode Heating Mode Split Single pkg Split Single pkg 10.0 SEER >65,000 and <135,000 Btu/hr >135,000 and <240,000 Btu/hr >240,000 Btu/hr 9.7 SEER 10.1 EERb 6.8 HSPF 6.6 HSPF 3.2 COP 9.3 EERb 3.1 COP 9.0 EERb 9.2 IPLVb a IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat c Single Phase air-cooled heat pumps <65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER and HSPF values Note: rating condition for air-source heat pumps is 47d(F) db/ 43d(F) wb Outdoor Air. b Electrically Operated Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements: Guidelines Equipment Type Size Category Minimum Efficiency Air Cooled, w/ condenser All Capacities 2.80 COP 2.80 IPLV Air Cooled, w/out condenser All Capacities Water Cooled, positive displacement (Reciprocating) Water Cooled, positive displacement (Rotary Screw and Scroll) All Capacities < 150 Ton >= 150 and < 300 Ton >= 300 Ton Water Cooled, centrifugal < 150 Ton >= 150 and < 300 Ton >= 300 Ton 145 3.10 COP 3.10 IPLV 4.20 COP 4.65 IPLV 4.45 COP 4.50 IPLV 4.90 COP 4.95 IPLV 5.50 COP 5.60 IPLV 5.00 COP 5.00 IPLV 5.55 COP 5.55 IPLV 6.10 COP 6.10 IPLV Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing Measure Number: II-C-2-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: 8/27/00 12/01/01 TBD Referenced Documents: Neal, C. Leon, Field Adjusted SEER [SEERFA] Residential Buildings: Technologies, Design and Performance Analysis, Proceedings of the 1998 American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 1, 1998, ACEEE, pp. 1.2031.205. Description This algorithm applies to proper HVAC sizing performed by participants in the CEO Comprehensive Track. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit 1.0 Average number of measures per year 6 Gross MWH savings per year 6 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 0.05 BTUh/EER/1,000 FLH Demand Savings N/A Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure BTUh EER = output capacity of the installed HVAC equipment (BTU/hour) = efficiency of the installed HVAC equipment (energy efficiency ratio — BTU output/watt input) = annual full load hours of the HVAC equipment (hours). See Operating Hours below. FLH Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline assumes average size cooling equipment specified is 25% larger capacity than actual cooling loads. High Efficiency The high efficiency case is proper sizing of cooling equipment based on calculated cooling loads, as required for participation in the CEO Comprehensive Track Operating Hours Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours. For chillers, FLH will be estimated on a site-specific basis. 146 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh (RPF) Motor Winter Winter Summer Summer Application Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Cooling (#15a 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% /#20a) Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 0.3% 80.0% 40.2% Source: Vermont State Screening Tool (originally GMP Screening Tool) Freeridership120 0% Spillover N/A Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Same as the lifetime for the HVAC equipment. 15 years for split systems and package units. 25 years for chillers. Measure Cost There is an incremental savings associated with proper sizing. Savings are site specific, but because “costs” are negative, the measure is always cost-effective and will not be individually screened. Incentive Level Incentive levels for CEO Comprehensive Track participants are based on compliance with all program track requirements. Prescriptive incentives are provided for HVAC and lighting measures. There is no additional incentive provided for proper sizing. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables There are no reference tables for this measure. 120 The baseline of 25% oversizing represents average baseline. Therefore freeridership is 0%. 147 Hot Water End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track) Efficient Hot Water Heater Measure Number: II-D-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: None Description Fossil-fuel hot water heater. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0 Average number of measures per year N/A Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 Algorithms Energy Savings MMBTU = kBTUSFwload SF EFbase [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000 Where: MMBTU = gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure kBTUSFwload = annual building water heating energy use in kBtu per building square foot. Refer to the Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type table. SF = Building square feet EFbase = Baseline water heating equipment efficiency EFeffic = Efficient water heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline equipment efficiency rating) 1000 = Conversion factor from kBtu to MMBtu. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline assumes no electric DHW. If electric is proposed, will calculate as custom measure. If not using residential style, tank-type unit121, then will use custom calculation based on customer-specific plans. Refer to the Act 250 Hot Water Baseline table. High Efficiency A residential-style hot water heater meeting or exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction Operating Hours Not applicable Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Not applicable Freeridership 0% 121 Based on NAECA definition: <=75,000 Btu/h for gas, <=105,000 Btu/h for oil. 148 Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Lifetime varies based on equipment. Stand-alone oil: 10 years Stand-alone gas: 13 years Stand-alone kerosene: 15 years Indirect-fired storage tank: 15 years Instantaneous water heater: 13 years Analysis period is dependent on equipment type and consistent with equipment lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific. Incentive Level EVT does not pay incentives for this measure. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBTU = kBTUSFwload SF EFbase [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type Building Type Office Retail Health Grocery Restaurant Warehouse Other kBtu per Square Foot of Building 6.7 5.9 15.2 14.7 41.0 2.8 Site specific Source: Gas DSM and Fuel-Switching Opportunities and Experiences, NYSERDA, Table 4-8. Values used are for upstate New York. 149 Domestic Hot Water Act 250 Hot Water Baseline All Projects (Small and Large) Efficiency** Unit 0.62 - (0.0019 x Rated Storage Energy Factor Volume in gallons) Measure/Technology Gas Tank-type Water Heater* Oil Tank-type Water Heater* 0.59 - (0.0019 x Rated Storage Volume in gallons) Energy Factor Notes: * residential style, tank-type unit based on NAECA definition: <=75,000 Btu/h for gas, <=105,000 Btu/h for oil. ** VT is the storage volume in gallons as measured during the standby loss test. For the purposes of eliminating standby loss requirement using the rated volume shown on the rating plate, V T should be no less than 0.95V for gas and oil water heaters and no less than 0.90V for electric water heaters. 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Act 250 Guidelines for Performance of Water-Heating Equipment V Ta Category Type Fuel Input Input to Rating (gallons) VT Ratio (Btuh/gal) NAECAcovered waterheating equipment c Other waterheating equipmentd Energy Factor b Storage Gas <=75,000 Btu/h Alle --- >=0.620.0019V* Instantaneous Gas All --- Storage Oil All --- Instantaneous Oil <=200,00 0 Btu/he <=105,00 0 Btu/h <=210,00 0 Btu/h All --- Storage / Instantaneous Gas / Oil All All <4,000 <4,000 >=0.620.0019V* >=0.590.0019V* >=0.590.0019V* ----- <10 >=10 >=4,000 >=4,000 >155,000 Btu/h <=155,00 0 Btu/h --- Thermal Efficiency Et (percent) -------->= 78% >= 78% >= 80% >= 77% Notes: a V is the storage volume in gallons as measured during the standby loss test. For the purposes of eliminating standby T loss requirement using the rated volume shown on the rating plate, V T should be no less than 0.95V for gas and oil water heaters and no less than 0.90V for electric water heaters. b V is rated storage volume in gallons as specified by the manufacturer. c Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987. d All except those hot water heaters covered by NAECA. e Applies to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes 20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters with input ranges of 50,000 to 200,000 Btu/h. * Minimum efficiencies marked with an asterisk are established by preemptive federal law and are printed for the convenience of the user. 150 Space Heating End Use (Act 250 or Comprehensive Track) Efficient Space Heating Equipment Measure Number: II-E-1-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track, Space Heating End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel-switching Opportunities and Experiences, 1994, NYPP. Description Fossil fuel space heating equipment. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0 Average number of measures per year N/A Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 Algorithms Energy Savings MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload SF ηbase [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)] Where: MMBTU= gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure MMBTUSFhload = annual building space heating energy use in MMBTU per square foot = 0.072 (from NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel Switching Opportunities & Experiences, 1994, NYPP estimate for upstate NY, average of offices & retail) SF = Building heated square feet ηbase = Baseline space heating equipment efficiency ηeffic = Efficient space heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline equipment efficiency rating) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement If EVT convinces a customer to switch technologies, savings would be calculated based on the baseline efficiency of the technology the customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was intending to install a warm air unit heater and EVT convinced them to install an infrared radiant heater instead, savings would be based on going from a baseline warm air unit heater to the actual infrared radiant heater efficiency. Refer to the Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline table. High Efficiency Space heating equipment meeting or exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction. Operating Hours Not applicable Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Not applicable 151 Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Lifetime varies based on equipment type. Boilers: 25 years Furnaces: 20 years Room space heaters: 15 years Analysis period is same as lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific. Incentive Level EVT does not pay incentives for this measure. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload SF ηbase [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)] Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline Warm Air Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired < 225,000 BTU >225,000 BTU Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired All Capacities Warm Air Unit Furnaces Gas-Fired, All Capacities Oil-Fired, All Capacities 78% AFUE 80% Et 80.0 % Ec* 80.0 % Ec* 80.0 % Ec* * indicates values lowered to the 2001 Vermont Guideline efficiencies to prevent possible negative savings Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Minimum Efficiency Requirements <300,000 Btu/h >300,000 and <2,500,000 Btu/h Gas-Fired Hot Water Steam 80% AFUE 75% AFUE 80% AFUE 75% Et* 78% Et* Oil-Fired Gas-Fired Oil-Fired 152 >2,500,000 Btu/h Gas-Fired Oil-Fired 80% Ec 83% Ec Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Baseline Boilers, Oil-Fired Residual Minimum Efficiency Requirements >300,000 and 78% Et* <2,500,000 Btu/h >2,500,000 Btu/h 83% Ec * indicates values lowered to the 2001 Vermont Guideline efficiencies to prevent possible negative savings 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines Warm Air Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired < 225,000 BTU 78% AFUE >225,000 BTU 80.00 % Et Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired All Capacities 80.00 % Ec Warm Air Unit Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired All Capacities 80.00 % Ec Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Minimum Efficiency Requirements <300,000 Btu/h >300,000 and <2,500,000 Btu/h >2,500,000 Btu/h Gas-Fired Hot Water Steam 80% AFUE 75% AFUE 80% AFUE 75% Et 78% Et 80% Ec 83% Ec Oil-Fired Gas-Fired Oil-Fired Gas-Fired Oil-Fired Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines Boilers, Oil-Fired Residual Minimum Efficiency Requirements >300,000 and 78% Et <2,500,000 Btu/h >2,500,000 Btu/h 83% Ec 153 Envelope Measure Number: II-E-2-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Act 250 or Comprehensive Track, Space Heating End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determination” Description Building envelope components with R-values meeting or exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Commercial Construction. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0475 Average number of measures per year 4 Average Annual MWH savings per year 0.1898 Algorithms The savings for windows and glass door assemblies, roof assemblies, above-grade wall assemblies, skylights, and floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space should be calculated using effective wholeassembly R-values and the following algorithms: Energy Savings MMBTU = HDD 24 A [(1/Rbase - 1/Reffic)] / η / 106 Where: MMBTU = gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure HDD = heating degree days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis (4400 typical HDD for high development areas in Vermont, using 50 degree F base temperature) 24 = hours/day A = area of increased insulation Rbase = baseline effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value (hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)122 Reffic = efficient effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value (hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)1 η = space heating system efficiency including distribution losses 106 = conversion from BTU to MMBTU The savings for slab insulation and below-grade walls are calculated on a custom basis with baseline technologies established in the Act 250 Envelope Baseline table. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Refer to the Act 250 Envelope Baseline table. High Efficiency Building envelope meeting or exceeding the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction. 122 Effective whole-assembly thermal resistance values are defined as the R-values for the whole assembly calculated according to ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determination” 154 Operating Hours Heating degree-days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Not applicable. Freeridership 50% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 30 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific. Incentive Level EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBTU = HDD 24 A [(1/Rbase - 1/Reffic)] / η / 106 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 155 Reference Tables Act 250 Baselines Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline Roof Assemblies All wood joist/truss - Continuous insulation All wood joist/truss - Insulation between framing Metal joist/truss - Continuous insulation Metal joist/truss - Insulation between framing Concrete slab or deck - Continuous insulation Metal purlin w/ thermal block Continuous insulation Metal purlin w/ thermal block Insulation between framing Metal purlin w/o thermal block Continuous insulation Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area 0 – 10% 10 – 50% Nominal Effective WholeNominal Effective WholeInsulation R-value Assembly R-value Insulation R-value Assembly R-value R-19 R-19.6 R-23 R-23.8 R-38 R-37 R-38 R-37 R-20 R-20.8 R-24 R-25 R-38 R-28.6 R-38 R-28.6 R-19 R-19.6 R-23 R-23.8 R-20 R-20.8 R-24 R-25 R-30 R-19.6 R-30 R-19.6 R-20 R-20.8 R-24 R-25 Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline Window/Glazed Doorways: any percentage of above-grade wall area R-10 R-5 under slab, perimeter Below grade wall (R-Value) Heated (radiant) slab Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area 0-25% 25-40% 40-50% Windows and Glass Door Assemblies PF < 0.25 0.25 < PF < 0.50 PF > 0.50 or north-oriented R-Value U-factor R-Value U-factor R-Value U-factor 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.53 0.53 0.53 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.53 0.53 0.53 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.53 0.53 0.53 156 Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline Above-grade walls Framed - Metal framing Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area 0 – 40% 40 – 50% Nominal Nominal Effective Nominal Nominal Effective Framing Continuous WholeFraming Continuous WholeInsulation Insulation Assembly Insulation Insulation Assembly R-value R-value R-value R-value R-value R-value R-13 R-0 R-8.1 R-13 R-0 R-8.1 Framed - Wood framing R-19 R-0 R-14.9 R-19 R-0 R-14.9 CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation No framing CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Metal framing CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Wood framing Other masonry walls - No framing NA R-5 R-8.3 NA R-5 R-8.3 R-11 R-0 R-7.3 R-11 R-0 R-7.3 R-11 R-0 R-12.1 R-11 R-0 R-12.1 NA R-5 R-7.6 NA R-5 R-7.6 Other masonry walls - Metal framing R-11 R-0 R-6.6 R-11 R-0 R-6.6 Other masonry walls - Wood framing R-11 R-0 R-11.4 R-11 R-0 R-11.4 Metal buildings R-19 R-0 R-14.3 R-19 R-0 R-14.3 Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline Window/Glazed Doorways: any percentage of above-grade wall area R-Valueall Uall Skylights Skylight w/curb, Glass, % of roof 0.0 – 2.0% 2.1 – 5.0% Skylight w/curb, Plastic, % of roof 0.0 – 2.0% 2.1 – 5.0% Skylight w/curb, All, % of roof 0.0 – 2.0% 2.1 – 5.0% 157 1.7 1.7 0.60 0.60 1.7 1.7 0.60 0.60 1.7 1.7 0.58 0.58 Act 250 Building Envelope Baseline Floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space All wood joist/truss - Continuous insulation All wood joist/truss - Insulation between framing Metal joist/truss - Continuous insulation Metal joist/truss - Insulation between framing Concrete slab or deck - Continuous insulation Window/Glazed Doorways: any percentage of above-grade wall area Nominal Insulation R-value Effective Whole-Assembly Rvalue R-27 R-30.6 R-30 R-30.3 R-24 R-26.8 R-30 R-26.3 R-22 R-25.3 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Building Envelope Requirements Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area 0 – 10% 10 – 50% Nominal Effective WholeNominal Effective WholeRoof Assemblies Insulation R-value Assembly R-value Insulation R-value Assembly R-value All wood joist/truss - Continuous R-19 R-19.6 R-23 R-23.8 insulation All wood joist/truss - Insulation R-38 R-37 R-38 R-37 between framing Metal joist/truss - Continuous R-20 R-20.8 R-24 R-25 insulation Metal joist/truss - Insulation R-38 R-28.6 R-38 R-28.6 between framing Concrete slab or deck - Continuous R-19 R-19.6 R-23 R-23.8 insulation Metal purlin w/ thermal block R-20 R-20.8 R-24 R-25 Continuous insulation Metal purlin w/ thermal block R-30 R-19.6 R-30 R-19.6 Insulation between framing Metal purlin w/o thermal block R-20 R-20.8 R-24 R-25 Continuous insulation 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Building Envelope Requirements Window/Glazed Doorways: any percentage of above-grade wall area Slab or below grade wall (R-Value) Heated (radiant) slab R-10 R-10 under slab, perimeter 158 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Building Envelope Requirements Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area 0 – 40% 40 – 50% Nominal Nominal Effective Nominal Nominal Effective Framing Continuous WholeFraming Continuous WholeAbove-grade walls Insulation Insulation Assembly Insulation Insulation Assembly R-value R-value R-value R-value R-value R-value Framed - Metal framing R-19 R-3 R-12.2 R-19 R-13 R-22.2 Framed - Wood framing R-19 R-0 R-14.9 R-19 R-3 R-18.5 CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation No framing CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Metal framing CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Wood framing Other masonry walls - No framing NA R-5 R-8.3 NA R-5 R-8.3 R-11 R-0 R-7.3 R-11 R-0 R-7.3 R-11 R-0 R-12.1 R-11 R-0 R-12.1 NA R-5 R-7.6 NA R-5 R-7.6 Other masonry walls - Metal framing R-11 R-3 R-10.1 R-11 R-3 R-10.1 Other masonry walls - Wood framing Metal buildings R-11 R-19 R-0 R-0 R-11.4 R-14.3 R-11 R-19 R-0 R-0 R-11.4 R-14.3 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Building Envelope Requirements Window/Glazed Doorways: any percentage of above-grade wall area Skylights SHGCall Uall Skylight w/curb, Glass, % of roof 0.0 – 2.0% 0.68 0.60 2.1 – 5.0% 0.49 0.60 Skylight w/curb, Plastic, % of roof 0.0 – 2.0% 0.71 0.60 2.1 – 5.0% 0.71 0.60 Skylight w/curb, All, % of roof 0.0 – 2.0% 0.49 0.58 2.1 – 5.0% 0.49 0.58 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Building Envelope Requirements Floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space All wood joist/truss - Continuous insulation All wood joist/truss - Insulation between framing Metal joist/truss - Continuous insulation Metal joist/truss - Insulation between framing Concrete slab or deck - Continuous insulation Window/Glazed Doorways: any percentage of above-grade wall area Nominal Insulation R-value Effective Whole-Assembly R-value R-27 R-30.6 R-30 R-30.3 R-24 R-26.8 R-30 R-26.3 R-22 R-25.3 159 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction Building Envelope Requirements Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area 0-25% 25-40% 40-50% Windows and Glass Door SHGC U-factor SHGC U-factor SHGC U-factor Assemblies PF < 0.25 0.46 0.47 0.36 0.40 0.32 0.40 0.25 < PF < 0.50 0.55 0.47 0.50 0.40 0.48 0.40 PF > 0.50 or north-oriented 0.64 0.47 0.64 0.40 0.64 0.40 160 Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP) Lighting End Use CFL Measure Number: III-A-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/20/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWsave Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement. High Efficiency High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculate kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Residential Indoor Lighting (#1) 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 27.7% 5.8% per hour of daily burn time 3.1% per hour of daily burn time 5.6% per hour of daily burn time All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape). Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost 161 Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. O&M Savings O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference table. Lifetimes Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000 hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables CFL Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 CFL O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 O&M Savings $1.43 $2.82 $4.21 $5.60 $6.13 $6.61 $8.15 $8.37 $8.51 $8.89 162 Lighting Measure Number: III-A-2-c (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective Date: 12/01/01 End Date: TBD Description The list below shows assumed fixture replacements by location/function. These are based on REEP's historical recommendations and reported installations. Energy-saving hardwired fixtures are used in all areas: within residential units, exterior residential applications, exterior common lighting, and interior common area lighting. Controls (timers, sensors, and photocells) are used to optimize performance and minimize energy usage. Measures apply to REEP prescriptive track. Lighting Fixtures: Common Areas-controlled Average Daily Burntimes in Hours (for fixture installation, prior to controls) Location/Function High Efficiency Measure and Baseline Cost EVT Measure Code Exterior Building 1x70w MH replace 2x150w incandescent Exterior Entry 1x22w PL replace 1x100w LFHCEFIX incandescent Indoor Hall/Stairway 1x32w Circline replace LFHCRFIX 1x75w incandescent Corridor 1x32w T8 w/reflector LFHLRT08 replace 2x40w T12 Exit Lighting LED replace 2x15w LFHESLED incandescent Laundry/common areas 1x32w T8 w/reflector LFHLRT08 replace 2x40w T12 Controls occupancy sensor/dual level LECOCCUP light Lighting Fixtures: Apartment-resident controlled Exterior Entry 1x13w PL replace 1x60w LFHCNFIX incandescent Entry Hall/Stairway 1x13w PL replace 1x60w LFHCNFIX incandescent Bathroom overhead 1x32w Circline replace LFHCRFIX 1x75w incandescent Bathroom vanity 2x17w T8 replace LFHLFT08 4x60w incandescent Kitchen overhead 1x32w T8 w/reflector LFHLRT08 replace 3x60w incandescent Kitchen task 1x32w Circline replace LFHCRFIX 1x60w incandescent Living room 1x32w Circline replace LFHCRFIX 2x60w incandescent Dining area 1x32w Circline replace LFHCRFIX 2x60w incandescent Bedroom 1x32w Circline replace LFHCRFIX 2x60w incandescent LFHHDMHN Elderly Housing Family Housing $200 12 12 920 $35 12 12 333 $35 24 24 333 $20 24 24 526 $30 24 24 250 $20 8 12 240 $100 Not Applicable Not Applicable 430 $35 3 3 49 $35 2 3 45 $35 1 3 34 $35 1 3 186 $35 4 6 292 $35 2 3 23 $35 3 5 136 $35 5 5 151 $50 1 3 75 Incremental Costs per Unit Average incremental cost per installed fixture is presented in the table above. Costs are based on data from the REEP project database. 163 WEIGHTED AVERAGE KWH SAVINGS Savings Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = W x HOURS/1000 Demand Savings kW = (kWh /HOURS) Where: W = wattage difference between fixtures, including ballast wattages, which ranges from 2 to 20 watts, depending on fixture type kWh = annual customer kWh savings per installed fixture, CFL, or control ballast wattage = 2 to 5 watts depending on fixture HOURS = average hours of use per year kW = customer connected load kW savings per installed fixture, CFL, or control for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline conditions are fixtures with incandescent or T-12 lamps, as specified in table above for each location/function. High Efficiency High-efficiency are fixtures with compact fluorescent or T-8 lamps or LED for exit signage. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% 19.7% 13.0% 28.9% Summer Off-Peak 27.7% 38.3% Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring Indoor #1 23.2% 12.3% 22.3% Outdoor #2 11.4% 5.5 % 11.2 % 24 hour (flat) 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% 35.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% #25 All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor and outdoor lighting load shapes). Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Fixtures: Fixture lifetime is 20 years, remaining consistent with previous REEP program reporting and screening (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period used by REEP is consistent with 20-year life of fixture. Controls: Control lifetime is 10 years, remaining consistent with previous REEP program reporting and screening. Analysis period used by REEP is consistent with 10-year life of control mechanism. Fluorescent Replacement Lamp and Ballast: Fluorescent fixture ballast and lamp lifetimes are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most ballasts and CFLs have rated lifetimes of 40,000 and 10,000 hours respectively. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. This is accounted for in fixture screening analysis through degradation factors outlined in Reference Table A. Lives of specific lamps and ballasts, Reference Table B, are determined using this in-use factor. 164 Lamp and Ballast Annual O&M Savings1 Common Area-control EVT Measure Code LFHHDMHN LFHCEFIX LFHCRFIX Location/ Function Exterior Building Exterior Entry LFHLRT08 Indoor Hallway/ Stairway Corridor LFHESLED Exit Lighting LFHLRT08 Laundry/ Common Areas Controls LECOCCUP High Efficiency Measure and Baseline 1x70w MH replace 2x150w incandescent 1x22w PL replace 1x100w incandescent 1x32w Circline replace 1x75w incandescent 1x32w T8 w/reflector replace 2x40w T12 LED replace 2x15w incandescent 1x32w T8 w/reflector replace 2x40w T12 Occupancy sensor/dual level light 165 Annual O&M Savings $11.63 $13.10 $29.95 $2.21 $42.55 $1.12 N/A ResidentControlled EVT Measure Code LFHCNFIX Location/ Function Exterior Entry LFHCNFIX Entry Hall / Stairs Bathroom Overhead Bathroom Vanity Kitchen Overhead LFHCRFIX LFHLFT08 LFHLRT08 LFHCRFIX Kitchen Task LFHCRFIX Living Room LFHCRFIX Dining Area LFHCRFIX Bedroom High Efficiency Measure and Baseline 1x13w PL replace 1x60w incandescent 1x13w PL replace 1x60w incandescent 1x32w Circline replace 1x75w incandescent 2x17w T8 replace 4x60w incandescent 1x32w T8 w/reflector replace 3x60w incandescent 1x32w Circline replace 1x60w incandescent 1x32w Circline replace 2x60w incandescent 1x32w Circline replace 2x60w incandescent 1x32w Circline replace 2x60w incandescent Annual O&M Savings $2.76 $2.23 $3.08 $13.37 $18.20 $2.33 $9.44 $10.59 $4.81 1= Savings based on measure costs and lives established in Reference Table B, see below. All savings based on a blended average of family and elderly use patterns. Blend based on REEP program reporting (74% family, 26% elderly). Reference Tables A. Fluorescent Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 Note: Lamp Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Lamp Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 Ballast Lifetime Hours 12,000 20,000 28,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 Ballast Lifetime Years 32.88 27.40 25.57 24.66 20.82 18.26 16.44 13.15 10.96 5.48 The values above are determined using a standard lamp rated at 10,000 hours and a standard ballast rated at 40,000. Lives of lamps and ballasts with rated lives other than 10,000 hours and 40,000 hours, respectively, were determined by factoring off the values displayed above. 166 B. Lamp and Ballast O & M Cost Assumptions EVT Code/ Name (Setting)2 Baseline Measure3 Comp 15 6 LFHHDMHN Exterior LFHCEFIX Exterior Entry LFHCRFIX Interior Hall LFHLRT08 Corridor LFHESLED Exit Sign LFHLRT08 Laundry LFHCNFIX/ Exterior LFHCNFIX/ Entry LFHCRFIX/ Bath OH LFHLFT08/ Bath Van LFHLRT08/ Kitchen OH LFHCRFIX/ Kitchen Task LFHCRFIX/ Living Rm LFHCRFIX/ Dining Area LFHCRFIX/ Bedroom 2= 3= 4= 5= 6 = 7= Life 0.5 yr (2000) 0.17 yr (750) 0.09 yr (750) 2.74 yr (24,000) 0.23 yr (2000) 6.00 yr (24,000) 0.91 yr (10000) 1.00 yr (1000) 0.83 yr (750) 1.10 yr (1000) 0.5 yr (1000) 1.00 yr (1000) 0.61 yr (1000) 0.55 yr (1000) 1.10 yr (1000) Efficient Comp 2 Comp 1 7 Cost $15 Life N/A Cost N/A $3 N/A N/A $3 N/A N/A $10 5.84 yr (48,000) N/A $10 $10 $10 Measure4 N/A $3 12.00 yr (48,000) N/A $20 N/A $3 N/A N/A $3 N/A N/A $16 N/A N/A $10 N/A N/A $3 N/A N/A $6 N/A N/A $6 N/A N/A $6 N/A N/A Life 2.28 yr (10,000) 2.74 yr (12,000) 1.64 yr (14,400) 2.74 yr (24,000) 57.08 yr (500,000) 6.00 yr (24,000) 6.93 yr (7,000) 5.00 yr (5,000) 6.63 yr (6,000) 11.05 yr (10,000) 9.5 yr (19,000) 6.00 yr (6,000) 6.6 yr (10,800) 6.25 yr (11,400) 6.63 yr (6,000) Comp 2 Cost $37 $14 $6 $6 $50 $6 $5 $5 $6 $11 $6 $6 $6 $6 $6 Life 9.13 yr (40,000) 10.96 yr (48,000) 5.48 yr (48,000) 9.59 yr (84,000) N/A Cost $127 21.00 yr (84,000) 25.57 yr (28,000) 20.00 yr (20,000) 22.09 yr (20,000) 38.67 yr (35,000) 33.25 yr (66,500) 20.00 yr (20,000) 22.02 yr (36,000) 28.82 yr (38,000) 22.09 yr (20,000) $35 Refers to the EVT measure code and measure description/name. (F) refers to family facility. (E) refers to elderly facility. No notation indicates the measure applies to both family and elderly facilities. Refers to the measure to be replaced. Refers to the efficient product being introduced. Component 1 refers to the lamp of the respective measure. Component 2 refers to the ballast of the respective measure. Refers to the life of the indicated component. Life in years (life in hours). Refers to the cost of the indicated component. Costs are based on REEP project experience and research at area lighting suppliers. Costs include installation labor charges: $2.67 per lamp replacement and $12.50 per ballast replacement consistent with REEP project reporting. 167 $23 $29 $35 N\A $18 $18 $29 $46 $35 $29 $29 $29 $29 CFL Lighting Package Reinstall Measure Number: III-A-3-a (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: 10/31/01 12/01/01 TBD Referenced Documents: none Description A three-lamp CFL lighting kit is offered to tenants in buildings that have been served by REEP. Lighting kits coupons are provided by the property manager to new tenants who send coupons in to program staff. Two lighting kits are available: bright lighting kit and variety lighting kit. The variety lighting kit is designed for normal household use. The bright lighting kit is designed for use in elderly housing or in other applications where brighter lighting is required. Estimated Measure Impacts Variety Kit Bright Kit Average Annual MWH Savings per unit .1989 .2295 Average number of measures per year 50 100 Average Annual MWH savings per year 9.9 22.9 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 198.9 (variety kit) kWh = 229.5 (bright kit) Demand Savings kW = .1362 (variety kit) kW = .1572 (bright kit) Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure HOURS = annual hours of use per year HOURS = 1372123 ISR = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used ISR = .9 kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline efficiency is an incandescent lamp. For the variety lighting kit 124, incandescent bulbs with the following wattages are assumed to be baseline: 60, 75 and 85. For the bright lighting kit, three 85-watt incandescent bulbs are assumed to be baseline. High Efficiency The High efficiency is a CFL lamp. Each measure includes three lamps. The variety lighting kit includes one lamp at each wattage: 15, 20 and 23. The bright lighting kit includes three 85-watt CFLs. 123 Annual hours of use per year based on 3.76 hours of use per day. Daily usage based on REEP project reporting for CFL direct install measure. This use rate is based on the assumption that CFL re-install will go into same locations. 124 The variety lighting kit comes with 3 CFLs with wattages: 15, 20 and 23. These lamps are assumed to replace incandescent bulbs with the following wattages respectively: 60, 75, 85. 168 Operating Hours 1372 hours per year, 3.76 hours per day Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Residential #1 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% Summer Off-Peak 27.7% Peak as % of connected kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 23% 12% 22% All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape). Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 6.2 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Lifetime based on life of CFL. CFL life is rated by hours of use per day. (See table below) Measure Cost The cost for the variety kit is $20.48 and $25.48125. The cost for the bright kit is $21.48 and $26.48. O&M Cost Adjustments The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.81. (See reference table below.) Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 125 Two costs are give for each kit for two levels of incentive. The first cost listed for each kit is the cost of the measure and shipping. The second cost listed for each kit include a five dollar incentive paid to the building manager for each unit registered in the program. This five-dollar incentive is included in program design to encourage property managers who would otherwise have no incentive to inform tenant of the program. 169 Reference Tables A. Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 Note: Lamp Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Lamp Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 The values above are determined using a standard lamp rated at 10,000 hours. Lives of lamps with rated lives other than 10,000 hours were determined by factoring off the values displayed above. B. Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Variety Kit Lamps (3) Bright Kit Lamps (3) 126 Efficient Measures Cost Life126 $16.25 6.2 years $17.25 Baseline Measures Cost $1.50 Life 0.7 years $1.50 0.7 years 6.2 years Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 170 Clothes Washing End Use Clothes Dryer Version Date & Revision History Measure Number: III-B-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Clothes Washing End Use) Draft date: Effective date: End date: 1/12/00 9/5/01 TBD EVT Measure Codes: OTFYNPROP; OTFYNNGAS Description Install commercial-grade propane- or natural gas-fired clothes dryer instead of electric clothes dryer in central on-site laundry facility. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track. Incremental Cost per Dryer Incremental cost per dryer is $375 (including cost of gas hook-up). This estimate is based on REEP judgement informed by past experience. Algorithms Energy Savings127 kWh = 942 kWh MMBtu = -3.38 MMBtu 128 (negative indicates increase in fuel consumption) Demand Savings kW = 4.5 kW129 (max kW per REEP project screening) Where: kWh 942 MMBtu -3.38 kW 4.5 = weighted average130 annual kWh savings per dryer per residential unit = weighted average customer kWh savings per dryer per residential unit for measure = weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per dryer per residential unit in MMBtu (million Btu) = weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel increase per dryer per residential unit for measure = weighted average connected load kW savings per dryer = weighted average customer kW savings per dryer for measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is an electric dryer used in conjunction with a standard top-loading clothes washer. High Efficiency High efficiency is a propane or natural gas dryer used in conjunction with a standard top-loading clothes washer. 127 Savings are per dryer per residential unit, so that if dryer serves two residential units, savings are doubled; if dryer serves three residential units, savings are tripled. Savings are for heating only – see footnote 4 below. 128 Assumes 95% combustion efficiency for gas dryer (per 6/01 agreement between EVT and DPS) and 100% efficiency for electric dryer. 129 Considers only demand savings related to heating as fuel switch is directly related to heat production. Energy used to power motor for tumbling is assumed to remain constant between similar models using different heating fuels. Assumption based on REEP project reporting 2000-2001. 130 Weighted average of occupancy type (74% family and 26% elderly) based on REEP project experience. 171 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Washer #9 34.2% 3.7% 42.0% 20.1% 7.3% 5.4% 6.1% All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool clothes washing load shape #9. Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 14 years (same as for clothes washers in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is 30 years (fuel switch). 172 ENERGY STAR Commercial Clothes Washer Version Date & Revision History Measure Number: III-B-2-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Clothes Washing End Use) Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio 25 1/1/04 TBD EVT Measure Code: CKLCWASH Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls. Description Install in central onsite laundry facility a commercial-grade clothes washer meeting minimum qualifying efficiency standards established under ENERGY STAR Program with an MEF >=1.42. Measure applies to multifamily prescriptive Comprehensive Track. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = NumUnits kWhsave / NumWashers Where: kWh NumUnits kWhsave NumWashers = gross annual customer kWh savings per clothes washer for the measure = number of residential units served by the central laundry facility = annual customer kWh savings per residential unit for the measure = total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is a top-loading commercial-grade clothes washer. High Efficiency High-efficiency is defined as any commercial-grade clothes washer meeting Energy Star standards – currently with an MEF of at least 1.42 or higher. EVT’s energy and water savings estimates are based on the weighted average MEF factor for Energy Star qualifying models based on the residential models rebated during the previous calendar year. This is presumed to be a conservative estimate because the commercial-grade washers meeting Energy Star standards that are on the market have a higher average MEF than the Residential-grade washers meeting Energy Star standards that are on the market. Operating Cycles 271 clothes washer cycles / year 131 Loadshape Loadshape #9, Residential Clothes Washing, Vermont State Screening Tool. Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence 131 Weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year. Based on average washer cycles per year by household size from U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes Washers, December, 2000. Page 7-6, and on U.S. Census data on distribution of household sizes in renter-occupied multi-family housing. See file 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls. 173 The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 14 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $750 per clothes washer, based on prior REEP project reporting 2000-2001. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBtu = NumUnits MMBtusave. / NumWashers Where: MMBtu NumUnits MMBtusave NumWashers = gross annual fossil fuel energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu) per clothes washer for the measure = number of residential units served by the central laundry facility = annual customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure from reference table below = total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility Water Descriptions CCF = NumUnits 4.3 / NumWashers Where: CCF NumUnits 4.3132 NumWashers = annual customer water savings per clothes washer in CCF (hundreds of cubic feet) = number of residential units served by the central laundry facility = annual customer water savings per clothes washer per residential unit for the measure, in CCF (hundreds of cubic feet) = total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility Reference Tables Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater and Dryer Fuel Type Per Unit Savings Dryer/DHW Fuel Combo Electric Dryer/Electric DHW Electric Dryer/Propane DHW kWh 305 139 MMBTU Oil 0.00 0.00 132 MMBTU MMBTU Propane Natural Gas 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.00 Water savings based on weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year and average MEF of 1.72. See file 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls. 174 Electric Dryer/Natural Gas DHW 139 0.00 0.00 0.71 Electric Dryer/Oil DHW 139 0.71 0.00 0.00 Propane Dryer/Electric DHW 202 0.00 0.35 0.00 Propane Dryer/Propane DHW 36 0.00 1.06 0.00 Propane Dryer/Oil DHW 36 1.06 0.00 0.00 Natural Gas Dryer/Electric DHW 202 0.00 0.00 0.35 Natural Gas Dryer/Natural Gas DHW 36 0.00 0.00 1.06 Natural Gas Dryer/Oil DHW 36.35 1.06 0.00 0.00 Savings based on weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year and average MEF of 1.72. See file 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls. Where dryer and DHW use different fossil fuels, savings are combined under the DHW fossil fuel because a single measure can generally only have one fuel type for screening purposes. 175 Refrigeration End Use Energy Star Refrigerators Measure Number: III-C-1-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls Description Install refrigerators that meet ENERGY STAR efficiency standards. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track. Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR kW = (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171 Energy Savings kWh = kW HOURS kWh = 0.0171*5000=85.5 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard. High Efficiency High efficiency is defined as any model meeting ENERGY STAR standards as of January 1, 2004 Loadshape Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 176 Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $50. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 177 Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines Measure Number: III-C-2-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Description The VendingMiser is an energy control device for refrigerated vending machines. Using an occupancy sensor, during times of inactivity the Vending Miser turns off the machine’s lights and duty cycles the compressor based on the ambient air temperature. The Vending Miser is applicable for conditioned indoor installations. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 1,635 Where: kWh 1,635 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = 120 Volts x 3.56 Amps x 0.95 Power factor x 8760 hours x 46% savings / 1000 3.56 Amps = Average Ampere loading of 44 sampled indoor vending machines, by Bayview Tech. 46% = Savings based on average of 6 different independent lab tests of VendingMiser. Demand Savings N/A Waste Heat Adjustment N/A Baseline Efficiencies The Baseline is a soft-drink vending machine without a VendingMiser device (typical usage of 3555 kWh). Operating Hours 8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated demand savings kW (CF) % of annual kWh Application Vending Miser #43 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 6.6% 26.5% 9.6% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 57.3% 0% 0% 0% Source: Loadshape for savings occurring from 8 PM to 6 AM, seven days a week, 12 months per year (percentages calculated in spreadsheet file named <Vending_miser_loadshape_calc.xls>). Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is 66.6%. 178 Installed Cost $160133 Operation and Maintenance Savings N/A Lifetime Engineering measure life is 15 years. Adjusted measure lifetime with persistence is 10 years. 133 Price quoted from manufacturer. 179 Ventilation End Use Ventilation Fan Measure Number: III-E-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Ventilation End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 1/12/00 Effective date: 9/5/01 End date: TBD EVT Measure Code: VNTXCEIL Description Efficient ventilation fan. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track. Incremental Cost per Unit Incremental cost per installed fan is $110, the same incremental cost used in other Efficiency Vermont programs. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 169 kWh per fan Demand Savings kW = 0.06 kW Where: kWh 169 kW 0.06 fan) = weighted average annual kWh savings per ventilation fan = annual customer kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program = weighted average connected load kW savings per ventilation fan = customer kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 watts). High Efficiency High efficiency ventilation fan (20 watts). Operating Hours 2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program) Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Ventilation 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% 35.0% #10 Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. 180 Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 32.2% 32.2% 32.2% Lifetime 10 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables None 181 Space Heating End Use Heating System Version Date & Revision History Measure Number: III-F-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Space Heating End Use) Draft date: Effective date: End date: 1/12/00 9/5/01 TBD EVT Measure Code: SHRBFOIL; SHRBNGAS; SHRBPROP Description Install high-efficiency boiler(s) and controls that optimize boiler performance. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track.. Incremental Cost per Unit Incremental cost per residential unit for a central high-efficiency boiler is $134. This assumption is based on analysis of historic REEP data. It reflects the fact that the average REEP project averages more than residential unit per boiler. Algorithms Energy Savings Fossil fuel savings will be calculated as part of the Energy Star Rating process. Pump electrical savings from higher efficiency unit are assumed to be negated by longer running cycles of a properly sized system. Demand Savings Not applicable Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Mid-efficiency boiler High Efficiency High-efficiency boiler, with smart controls Operating Hours Not applicable Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Not applicable Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetime 25 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables None 182 Thermal Shell Upgrades Measure Number: III-F-2-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Space Heating End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 1/12/00 Effective date: 9/5/01 End date: TBD Description Installation of shell materials with higher insulating properties than baseline. Measures apply to REEP prescriptive track. Incremental Costs per Residential Unit EVT Measure Code TSHWINDO TSHWINDO TSHAIRSL TSHNACWL TSHNFNDE TSHNACWL TSHNACWL High Efficiency Measure New Construction Low-E argon windows with Warmedge spacers Low-E storms on retained single pane windows Air sealing detailing Inspected cellulose in all attic flats Basement insulation and slab edge detailing Dense pack or wet spray cellulose in walls Install 1” of rigid foam insulation on sloped ceilings Total Incremental Cost Rehabilit ation $30 $50 $50 $10 $140 $120 $50 $50 $25 $100 $25 $370 Algorithms Energy Savings Savings will be calculated as part of the Energy Star Rating process. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline Low-e windows Double pane windows Single-pane windows w/ poor quality storm retained Minimal air sealing detailing Inspection of attic flat insulation Basement insulation Slab edge detailing Fiberglass batt insulation in walls Fiberglass batt insulation in sloped ceilings 183 New Construction X X Rehabilitation X X X X X X High Efficiency High Efficiency Measure Low-E argon windows Low-E storms (on retained weather-sealed windows) Air sealing detailing Inspected cellulose in all attic flats Basement insulation Slab edge detailing Dense pack or wet spray cellulose in walls Install 1” of rigid foam insulation on sloped ceilings Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Not applicable Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetime 25 years, as used in Residential New Construction Program. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables None 184 New Construction X X X X X Rehabilitation X X X X X X X X Air Conditioning End Use Energy Star Air Conditioner Measure Number: III-G-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Air Conditioning End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: www.energystar.gov; www.ari.org Description Room air conditioners with an output less than or equal to 18,000Btu meeting minimum qualifying efficiency established by Energy Star Program. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit .07260 Average number of measures per year 15134 Gross MWH savings per year 1.089 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 72.61 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = .145224 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure .927832 = baseline connected load kW .782608 = efficient connected load kW 500 = annual full load hours .145224 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard. (EER 9.7 for sizes included in measure)135 High Efficiency High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards (EER 11.5 for sizes included in measure)136 Operating Hours 500 operating hours yearly. 137 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors 134 Estimate based on REEP program forecasting. Energy Star Data.(standard applied October 1, 2000). www.energystar.gov 136 Id. 137 Actual operating hours based on Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute data for Vermont. www.ari.org Operating hours (500/yr) determined by ARI are considered to be high for typical families in Vermont. However, this estimate is realistic for residencies in the REEP program given health and age issues. 135 185 Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 60% 0% Residential 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0% A/C #11 All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes. Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $40138 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 138 APT study of retailers knowledgeable about the energy star program. 186 Hot Water End Use Water Conservation Measure Number: III-D-1-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 1/12/00 Effective date: 9/5/01 End date: TBD EVT Measure Codes: HWESHOWR; HWEFAUCT Description Measures apply to REEP prescriptive track. Lowest-flow aerators and showerheads possible used, as follows: Baseline (gpm) 2.35 2.35 2.65 139 Bathroom faucet aerator Kitchen faucet aerator Showerhead Non-Circulating DHW System (gpm) 1.5 2.0 2.0 Circulating DHW System (gpm) 0.5 1.5 2.0 Incremental Cost per Unit There is no incremental cost for installing lower-flow rate aerators and showerheads. Algorithms Energy Savings140 MMBtu = 1.9 MMBtu (weighted average from REEP historical projects) Demand Savings Where: MMBtu 1.9 = weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per residential unit in MMBtu (million Btu) = the weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure Water Savings141 CCF = 9.1 CCF (weighted average from REEP historical projects) Where: CCF 9.1 = weighted average annual water savings per residential unit in CCF (hundreds of cubic feet) = weighted average customer annual water savings per residential unit for measure 139 Based on weighted averages determined through REEP project reporting. 50% of systems meet 1992 Federal aerator and faucet standards (<2.2 gpm for lavatory and kitchen faucets and <2.5 gpm for showerheads) and 50% of baseline systems not meeting the 1992 standards and therefore at Federal standard +0.3 gpm as per REEP project reporting. 140 Based on weighted average of type of DHW system (50% circulating and 50% non-circulating) systems and occupancy type (74% family and 26% elderly). Savings for circulating systems are identical, in BTU terms, to savings assumptions used for RNC and LISF programs. Savings for non-circulating systems are assumed to be higher since much lower gallon-per-minute faucet aerators are used with such systems. See worksheet “REEPprescriptive assumptionsv5.xls”. 141 Ibid. 187 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline conditions are the standard flow rates typically specified in new construction projects. High Efficiency High efficiency is a lower flow aerator or showerhead than typically specified, with specific flow rate dependent on DHW system. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW programs (Default): Winter Peak Residential DHW Conserve #8 28.4% % of annual kWh Winter Summer Off-Peak Peak 3.1% 46.5% Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 22% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW programs: Winter Peak Controlled DHW Conserve #54 28.4% % of annual kWh Winter Summer Off-Peak Peak 3.1% 46.5% Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 22.0% 56.6% 38.0% 45.4% Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 188 Domestic Hot Water System Measure Number: III-D-2-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 1/12/00 Effective date: 9/5/01 End date: TBD EVT Measure Codes: HWRNFOIL; HWRNNGAS; HWRNPROP Description Install efficient indirect-fired water heating off high-efficiency boiler. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track. Incremental Costs per Unit Average incremental cost is $77 per residential unit for an efficient central domestic hot water system. This is based on an analysis of REEP historical data. Algorithms Energy Savings MMBtu = 1.43 MMBtu Demand Savings142 Not applicable Where: MMBtu = weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per residential unit in MMBtu (million Btu) 1.43 = weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure Baseline Efficiencies Central mid-efficiency stand alone DHW system. High Efficiency Indirect-fired off high-efficiency boiler. Operating Hours Not applicable Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Not applicable Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetime 15 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables None Low Flow Showerhead Measure Number: III-D-5-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use) 142 Savings based on REEP historical data. 189 Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description An existing or proposed showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with a new low flow showerhead. Algorithms Water Savings CCF = (FLOWbase - FLOWeffic)* MIN * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748) Where: CCF FLOWbase FLOWeffic MIN BR 365 748 = customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = flow rate in gallons per minute of baseline showerhead = flow rate in gallons per minute of efficient showerhead = the number of minutes of shower use per adjusted number of bedrooms per day (default is 2.5 minutes for family housing and 1.5 minutes for elderly housing) = number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero bedrooms) = number of days per year = conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF) Energy Savings kWh = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (1/3413) * FLAG MMBtu = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (10-6) * (1-FLAG) Where: kWh CCF 8.33 748 DT 3413 FLAG MMBtu 10-6 = gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure = customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = energy content of water (Btu/gallon/°F) = conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF) = average difference in temperature between cold intake water and shower water (default is 105°F minus 55°F = 50°F) = Domestic Hot Water system efficiency = conversion factor from kWh to Btus (Btu/kWh) = 1 if domestic hot water system is electric; 0 otherwise = annual MMBtu fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure = conversion factor from Btus to MMBtus (MMBtu/Btu) Demand Savings kW = kWh / HOURS Where: kW kWh HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure = annual full load hours (equals 3427) 190 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing or proposed showerhead with a high flow. In new construction projects, the baseline condition is assumed to be a showerhead with a rated flow of 2.5 gpm – the maximum allowable under EPAct. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow showerhead. Operating Hours 3427 annual full load hours for electric water heaters per the standard Residential DHW Conservation loadshape. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Residential DHW 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% conserve (#8) Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Winter Summer Fall/Spring 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for low-flow showerheads is presumed to be zero for new construction or major rehab projects, and $15 for retrofit applications. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions See above under Energy Savings 191 Low Flow Faucet Aerator Measure Number: III-D-6-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio No. 17 1/1/03 TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description An existing or proposed faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with a new low flow rate faucet aerator. Algorithms Water Savings CCF = (FLOWbase - FLOWeffic) * VMIN * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748) Where: CCF FLOWbase FLOWeffic VMIN BR 365 748 = customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = flow rate in gallons per minute of baseline faucet aerator = flow rate in gallons per minute of efficient faucet aerator = the number of minutes of faucet use per adjusted number of bedrooms per day (default is 1.5 minutes for kitchen faucets and 0.75 minutes for bathroom faucets) = number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero bedrooms) = number of days per year = conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF) Energy Savings kWh = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (1/3413) * FLAG MMBtu = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (10-6) * (1-FLAG) Where: kWh CCF 8.33 748 DT 3413 FLAG MMBtu 10-6 = gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure = customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = energy content of water (Btu/gallon/°F) = conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF) = average difference in temperature between cold intake water and faucet water (default is 80°F minus 55°F = 25°F) = Domestic Hot Water system efficiency = conversion factor from kWh to Btus (Btu/kWh) = 1 if domestic hot water system is electric; 0 otherwise = annual MMBtu fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure = conversion factor from Btus to MMBtus (MMBtu/Btu) Demand Savings kW = kWh / HOURS Where: = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure kW 192 kWh HOURS = gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure = annual full load hours (equals 3427) Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing or proposed faucet aerator with a high flow. In new construction and major rehab projects projects, the baseline condition is assumed to be a faucet aerator with a rated flow of 2.2 gpm – the maximum allowable under EPAct. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow faucet aerator. Operating Hours N/A Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential 28.4% DHW conserve (#8) 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% Winter Summer Fall/Spring 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for low-flow faucet aerators is presumed to be zero for new construction or major rehab projects, and $10 for retrofit applications. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions See above under Energy Savings 193 Water Conservation End Use Toilet Diverter Measure Number: III-H-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Water Conservation End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio No. 15 1/1/03 TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description An existing toilet is fitted with a toilet diverter to increase water flow to the tank and reduce water flow to the bowl during the flush. Algorithms Water Savings CCF = FLUSHGAL * REDUCE * FLUSHES * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748) Where: CCF FLUSHGAL REDUCE FLUSHES BR 365 748 = customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = gallons of water per flush = percent reduction (10% for 1.6 gpf, 20% for 3.0 gpf, 35% for greater than 3.0 gpf) = the number of flushes per adjusted number of bedrooms per day (default is 5) = number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero bedrooms) = number of days per year = conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF) Energy Savings There are no electric or fossil fuel savings with this measure. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing toilet without a toilet diverter. High Efficiency High efficiency is a toilet with a toilet diverter installed. Operating Hours N/A Rating Period & Coincidence Factors N/A Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% 194 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for toilet diverters is presumed to be $5. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions See above under Energy Savings 195 Efficient Products Program Clothes Washing End Use ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer Measure Number: IV-A-1-g (Efficient Products Program, Clothes Washing End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 2004a_CW_savings_analysis.xls; Description Clothes washer meeting minimum qualifying efficiency standards established under Energy Star Program with an MEF >=1.42. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.254 Average number of measures per year 3,500 Gross MWH savings per year 889 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 254143 Demand Savings kW = 0.704 Where: kWh kW MMBtuoil MMBtugas MMBtupropane CCF = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = oil energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu) = natural gas energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu) = propane gas energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline efficiency is determined according to the modified energy factor (MEF) that takes into account the energy and water required per clothes washer cycle, including energy required by the clothes dryer per clothes washer cycle. The baseline MEF is 1.04. High Efficiency High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards – currently with an MEF of at least 1.42 or higher. EVT’s energy and water savings estimates are based on the weighted average MEF factor for Energy Star qualifying models based on the models rebated during the previous calendar year. Operating Cycles 379 clothes washer cycles / year 144 143 Energy and water savings estimate is based on an analysis provided by U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes Washers, December, 2000 and the weighted MEF factors for clothes washers rebated by EVT in 2003 >=1.42. 144 Weighted average of 379 clothes washer cycles per year. U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes Washers, December, 2000. Page 7-5. 196 Loadshape Loadshape #9, Residential Clothes Washing, Vermont State Screening Tool. Freeridership 5%145 Spillover 20%146 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 14 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $270 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $50. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBtuoil = 0.28 MMBtunatgas = 0.07 MMBtupropane = 0.17 Water Descriptions CCF=5.9 Reference Tables 145 146 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 197 Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater and Dryer Fuel Type Adjusted Per Unit Savings MMBTU MMBTU MMBTU Dryer/DHW Fuel Combo Frequency kWh Oil Natural Gas Propane DHW Type Electric DHW 38.7% 282 Natural Gas DHW 5.9% 51 0.99 Propane DHW 14.0% 51 0.99 Oil DHW 27.7% 51 0.99 Other DHW 13.7% 51 DHW Totals 100.0% 140 0.27 0.06 0.14 Dryer Type Electric Dryer 79.3% 143 Natural Gas Dryer 3.0% 0.49 Propane Dryer 7.2% 0.49 Oil Dryer 0.1% 0.49 Other Dryer 10.3% Dryer Totals 100.0% 114 0.00 0.01 0.04 Weighted Avg Total Savings 254 0.28 0.07 0.17 1) This revised summary table reflects assigning all the data entries of "Blank", "Don't Know" for DHW type or CD type with the same distribution of fuel types for the rebated homes with a complete data set. Data sets that were partially complete, were included, with the unspecified other half assigned the surrogate fuel type percentage. 2) EVT proposes to change the rebate form for 2004 to capture "No Dryer" as an option and revise "Nat gas" to "Gas", thereby capturing natural gas and propane customers. EVT proposes to use the DPS Fuel Wood study as the basis for subsequent allocation of the "Gas" category into "Propane" and "Nat Gas" 198 Refrigeration End Use Energy Star Refrigerators Measure Number: IV-B-1-e (Efficient Products Program, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio 23 Effective: 1/1/04 End: TBD Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls, Description An Energy Star-qualifying refrigerator replaces a refrigerator of baseline efficiency. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0855 Average number of measures per year 1,500 Average Annual MWH savings per year 128.25 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR kW = (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171 Energy Savings kWh = kW HOURS kWh = 0.0171*5000=85.5 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is a refrigerator meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for refrigerator efficiency. High Efficiency The High Efficiency level is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for efficiency established January 1, 2004 Operating Hours 5000 hours / year Loadshape Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. 199 Freeridership 33%147 Spillover 33%148 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $25. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 147 The 33% freerider rate assumes that after the rebate is made available the market share in VT will increase to 30% for E-Star refrigerators. 148 The estimated spillover rate of 33% is consistent with both past Efficiency Vermont experience for clothes washers and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding the number of customers who do not cash rebate coupons- 200 ENERGY STAR Freezer Measure Number: IV-B-2-a (Efficient Products Program, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio 25 Effective: 1/1/04 End: TBD Referenced Documents: a) 2003 D&R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet, b) 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate Description An ENERGY STAR qualifying residential freezer replaces a freezer of baseline efficiency. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0567 Average number of measures per year 25 Average Annual MWH savings per year 1.42 Algorithms Demand Savings149 kW = (kWBASE – kWEE) * ISR kW = (0.0926-0.0813)*1 = 0.0113 Energy Savings kWh = kW HOURS kWh = 0.0113*5000 = 56.7 Where: kW kWBASE kWEE ISR kWh HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is a residential freezer meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for freezer efficiency. High Efficiency The High Efficiency level is a freezer meeting ENERGY STAR specifications for efficiency established January 1, 2004150 Operating Hours 5000 hours / year Loadshape Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 33%151 149 E-Star freezers currently are not available in Vermont. As such, calculations are based on 2001 national AHAM shipment data for standard freezers with weighted average savings for ENERGY STAR chest and upright models. Sources: a) 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate.xls, b) 2003 D& R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet. 150 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate.xls 201 Spillover 33%152 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 16 years153 Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30154. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $25. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. In Service Rate (ISR): 1.0 151 Equivalent to freerider rate for Energy Star Refrigerators. The estimated spillover rate of 33% is consistent with both past Efficiency Vermont experience for clothes washers and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding the number of customers who do not cash rebate coupons. 153 Source: 2003 D&R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet 154 Source: Personal communication from Matt Frank, Director of Retail Sales, W.C. Wood. 8/6/03 152 202 Dishwashing End Use Energy Star Dish Washer Measure Number: IV-C-1-d (Efficient Products Program, Dishwashing End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 17 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: a)EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls Description A dishwasher meeting Energy Star efficiency specifications replaces a non-Energy Star model. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0686 Average number of measures per year 0 Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = 0.0318 Energy Savings kWh = 68.6 Where: kWh155 kW156 MMBtuoil MMBtugas MMBtupropane CCF = the weighted average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below) = weighted average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency = the weighted average customer MMBtu (million Btu)of oil savings from upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below) = the weighted average customer MMBtu of natural gas energy savings (see Table below) = the weighted average customer MMBtu of propane energy savings (see Table below = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet from upgrading to high efficiency157 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects the minimum federal efficiency standards for dishwashers effective January 1, 2001. High Efficiency High Efficiency is an Energy Star dishwasher meeting specifications of the Energy Star program effective January 1, 2001. Operating Hours No specific assumed hours for dishwasher usage exist.158 Screening of measure uses load shape for residential water conservation measures. This load shape has full load hours assumed at 3,427 hours annually. 155 Energy savings based assumption based on EVT analysis (2002) of models meeting Energy Star specifications (see EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls). Savings assumption amended based on distribution of DHW fuel types observed during program year 2001 and DOE estimated 18% reduction in cycles per year from 322 to 264 . 156 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool. 157 Based on CEE estimate of savings. Agreed to by DPS in negotiations on EVT TRB goal (September 2000). 203 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Summer Off-Peak Residential DHW 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% Conserve(#8) Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Winter Summer Fall/Spring 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 13 years.159 Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $27. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $0. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBtuoil = 0.09 MMBtunatgas = 0.10 Water Descriptions CCF=0.18160 Reference Tables Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater Fuel Type for EPP Energy Star Dishwashers161 Adjusted Per Unit Savings DHW Fuel Type Frequency kWh MMBTU Oil MMBTU MMBTU Propane Gas Electric DHW 43.6% 113.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oil DHW 26.9% 34 0.35 0.00 0.00 Gas DHW 29.5% 34 0.00 0.35 0.00 Propane DHW 0.00% 34 0.00 0.00 0.35 weighted average 68.6 0.09 0.10 0.00 158 As of June 17, 2002 the Department of Energy revised the estimated cycles per year from 322 to 264, a decrease of approximately 18%. 159 Koomey, Jonathan et al. (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab), Projected Regional Impacts of Appliance Efficiency Standards for the U.S. Residential Sector, February 1998. 160 Assumes 0.5 gal less water use per cycle and 264 cycles per year (RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update, Final Report for National Grid USA, June 28, 2000) 161 Source: EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls 204 Air Conditioning End Use Energy Star Room Air Conditioner Measure Number: IV-D-1-c (Efficient Products Program, Air Conditioning End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio 14, July ‘02 Effective: 10/1/02 End: TBD Referenced Documents: www.energystar.gov; www.ari.org; EPP_AC_savings_6_2002.xls Description Room air conditioners with an output less than or equal to 18,000Btu meeting minimum qualifying efficiency established by Energy Star Program. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit Residential .0396 Commercial .1057 Average number of measures per year 650 0 Gross MWH savings per year 25.74 0 Algorithms Energy Savings Residential: kWh = 39.6 Commercial: kWh = 105.7 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = .1057 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWbase = baseline connected load kW 1.0282 = kWbase kWeffic = efficient connected load kW 0.9225 = kWeffic HOURS = annual full load hours 375162 = Residential HOURS 1000163 = Commercial HOURS kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure .1057 = kW kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard. (average EER 9.7 for sizes included in measure)164 162 ARI data indicates 500 full load hours for A/C use in Vermont. VEIC experience in other states suggests that ARI estimates for A/C use tend to be overstated. In an effort to compensate for this overstatement, Efficiency Vermont applied a .75 multiplier to the ARI estimate in determining residential A/C hours of use. 163 FLH for commercial applications consistent with loadshape #15 from Vermont State Screening Tool. 164 Energy Star Data.(standard applied October 1, 2000). www.energystar.gov 205 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Commercial 0.3% 0.1% 51.8% 47.8% 0.3% A/C #15a Residential 0.0% 0.0% 50.0% 50.0% 0% A/C #11 All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes. Summer Fall/Spring 80% 40.2% 60% 0% High Efficiency High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards (average EER 11.5 for sizes included in measure)165 Operating Hours 375 operating hours yearly for residential customers. 1000 operating hours yearly for commercial customers. Freeridership 33%166 Spillover 33%167 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 13 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $40168 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure 165 Id. The 33% freerider rate assumes that after the rebate is made available the market share in VT will increase to 30% for E-Star room air conditioners. In the absence of any EVT efforts to promote E-Star room air conditioners the market share would have been 10% (.10/.30=.33). The current VT market share is approximately 19%, however it is assumed that this includes positive effects from longstanding EVT marketing and trade ally outreach. (D&R International, 2001 Sales Data). 167 The estimated spillover rate of 33% for room air conditioners is consistent with past Efficiency Vermont experience for large appliance items like clothes washers and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding the number of customers who do not cash rebate coupons. 166 168 APT study of retailers knowledgeable about the energy star program. 206 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 207 Lighting End Use CFL Measure Number: IV-E-1-i (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 24 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls; 2) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000 Description An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent. Estimated Measure Impacts Residential Commercial Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0634 0.2051 Average number of measures per year 89,916 4,825 Average Annual MWH savings per year 5,700.7 989.6 Algorithms Demand Savings169 kW kW(Residential) kW(Commercial) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((79-22.2) / 1000) * 0.90) = 0.0511 = ((81.3-22.7) / 1000) * 1.0 )= 0.0586 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) kWh (Commercial) = kW HOURS = (0.0511 * 1241) = 63.4 = ( 0.0586 * 3500) =205.1 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 170 = average hours of use per year171 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb. High Efficiency High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent lamp. Operating Hours Residential: 1,241 hours / year172 169 Assumed difference in wattage between installed CFL and the incandescent bulb it replaces. Based on EVT analysis of CFLs rebated through Efficient Products Program. 170 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application. 171 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application. 208 Commercial: 3,500 hours / year173 Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1 Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12 Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 6%.174 Spillover 15%175 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000 hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. Thus, CFLs rebated through this program are assumed to have a life of 8,000 hours for residential applications (assumed average daily usage of 3.4 hours) and 12,000 hours for commercial applications (assumed daily usage of 9.6 hours). That translates to 6.4 years for residential applications and 3.4 years for commercial applications. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $6 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $3 O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings176 Residential Commercial $1.51 $3.28 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 172 Residential hours of use based on evaluation of nearly identical southern New England program suggesting average daily hours of use of 3.4 (see Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000). 173 Commercial hours of used based on standard hours of use for commercial indoor lighting from Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool. 174 Freerider rate is based on an agreement between EVT and DPS after reviewing numerous CFL program evaluations across the country. 175 176 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. From VT State screening tool 209 CFL Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type Average Average Annual Hours In Use Rate of Use Residential 1,241177 0.90178 179 Commercial 3,500 1.0180 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Efficient Measures Baseline Measures Component Lamp Cost $6.00 Life181 6.39 Cost Life $0.50 0.6 Commercial Efficient Measures Component Lamp Cost $6.00 Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time Lamp Lifetime Hours 1 3,000 2 5,000 3 7,000 4 9,000 5 9,500 6 10,000 8 12,000 10 12,000 12 12,000 24 12,000 Baseline Measures Life182 3.42 Cost $0.50 Life 0.28 Lamp Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 177 Evaluation of nearly identical southern New England program suggests average daily hours of use of 3.4 (Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000). 178 Ibid. 179 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program. 180 Ibid. 181 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 182 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 210 Torchiere Measure Number: IV-E-3-g (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 24 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls; 3) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000 Description A high efficiency ENERGY STAR fluorescent torchiere replaces a halogen torchiere of baseline efficiency. Estimated Measure Impacts Residential Commercial Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.2611 0.7700 Average number of measures per year 4,000 300 Average Annual MWH savings per year 1,044.4 231 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR kW(Residential) = ((286.8-65.3)/1000)* 0.95) = 0.2104 kW(Commercial) =((284.2-64.2)/1000)*1.0) = 0.2200 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) kWh (Commercial) = kW HOURS = (0.2104 * 1241) = 261.1 = (0.2200 * 3500) = 770.0 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = In service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 183 = average hours of use per year184 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is halogen torchiere with sufficient usage to justify replacement. High Efficiency High efficiency is a ENERGY STAR torchiere designed for operation with pin-based CFLs. Operating Hours Residential: 1241185 hours / year 183 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application. Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application. 185 Evaluation of nearly identical southern New England program suggests average daily hours of use of 3.4 (Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000). 184 211 Commercial: 3500186 hours / year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1 Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12 Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 2%187 Spillover 12%188 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $20. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $20. O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings189 Residential Commercial $2.70 $8.43 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Fluorescent Torchiere Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type Average Average Annual Hours In Use Rate of Use Residential 1241 0.950190 Commercial 3500 1.000191 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings 186 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program. Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 188 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 189 From VT State screening tool 190 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 191 Ibid. 187 212 Residential Efficient Measures Component Lamp Cost $7.50 Baseline Measures 192 Life 6.44 years Cost $6.00 Life 1.61 years Commercial Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time Efficient Measures Component Lamp Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 192 193 Cost $7.50 Lamp Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Baseline Measures Life193 3.42 years Cost $6.00 Lamp Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 213 Life 0.57 years Dedicated CF Table Lamps Measure Number: IV-E-4-b (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/15/02 Effective date: 6/15/02 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) 2001_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls Description A table lamp dedicated to use with a compact fluorescent bulb replaces a table lamp with an incandescent bulb. Estimated Measure Impacts Customer Class Residential Commercial Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0628 0.2247 Average number of measures per year 547 61 Average Annual MWH savings per year 34.4 13.7 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 0.0642 HOURS ISR kWh (Residential) = 62.8 kWh (Commercial) = 224.7 Demand Savings kW = (kWh /HOURS) kW(Residential) = .0610 kW(Commercial) = .0642 Where: 0.0642194 HOURS195 ISR196 kWh kW197 = average kilowattage reduction = average hours of use per year = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects a table lamp with an incandescent bulb. High Efficiency The High Efficiency reflects a table lamp that is dedicated for use with a plug-in compact fluorescent bulb. These lamps are inoperable with an incandescent bulb. 194 Assumed difference in wattage between installed CF Table Lamp and the baseline product it replaces. 64.2 watts based on EVT analysis of CF Table Lamps rebated through Efficient Products Program during 2001 (see 2001_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls). 195 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application. 196 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application. 197 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool. 214 Operating Hours Residential: 1029198 hours / year Commercial: 3500199 hours / year Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential #1 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% 27.7% 23.2% 12.3% 22.3% Commercial 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 55% 56% 55% All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape). Freeridership 2%.200 Spillover 12%.201 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $20.202 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $15. O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings203 Residential Commercial $0.71 $2.59 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type Average Average 198 2.82 hours of use daily reflect use patters established by VEIC review of nearly identical program in southern New England. Based on average use in following settings: living room (3.27), bedroom (1.47), den (2.7), family room (3.27), game room (3.11) and other (3.11). See referenced document: Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000. 199 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program. 200 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS (same level as applied to residential torchiere measure, see TRM, Sept 15, 2001). 201 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS (same level as applied to residential torchiere measure, see TRM, Sept 15, 2001).. 202 Incremental cost based on analysis of materials needed for efficiency upgrade in similar lighting fixtures. 203 From VT State screening tool 215 Residential Commercial Annual Hours of Use 1029 3500 In Use Rate 0.950204 1.000205 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Efficient Measures Component Lamp Cost $4.00 Baseline Measures 206 Life 6.39 years Cost $1.00 Life 0.97 years Commercial Efficient Measures Component Lamp Cost $4.00 Baseline Measures Life207 3.42 years Cost $1.00 Life 0.29 years Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 Lamp Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Lamp Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 204 Ballast Lifetime Hours 12,000 20,000 28,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 Ballast Lifetime Years 32.88 27.40 25.57 24.66 20.82 18.26 16.44 13.15 10.96 5.48 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. Ibid. 206 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 207 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 205 216 Dedicated CF Floor Lamp Measure Number: IV-E-7-a (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio 25 1/1/04 TBD Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls. Description An existing floor lamp with incandescent bulbs is replaced by a dedicated ENERGY STAR floor lamp wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps. Estimated Measure Impacts Residential Commercial Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0534 0.1586 Average number of measures per year 100 100 Average Annual MWH savings per year 5.3 15.9 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) kW(Commercial) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((67.3-22.0 / 1000) * 0.95) = 0.0430 = ((67.3-22.0) / 1000) * 1.0 )= 0.0453 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) kWh (Commercial) = kW HOURS = (0.0430 * 1241) = 53.4 = (0.0453 * 3500) = 158.6 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 208 = average hours of use per year209 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an interior incandescent light. High Efficiency High efficiency is an interior fluorescent fixture. 208 209 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application. Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application. 217 Operating Hours Residential Applications: 1241210 hours / year Commercial Applications: 3500211 hours / year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1 Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12 Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 2%.212 Spillover 12%.213 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $20 Incentive Level The incentive for this measure is $15 O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings214 Residential Commercial $2.70 $8.43 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables 210 Usage rates for residential program taken from analysis of study of nearly identical program in southern New England (Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000). Note, hourly usage rates from various interior setting averaged. See page 4-9 of cited study. 211 Usage rates for commercial applications reflect agreement made between Efficiency Vermont and the VT Department of Public Service during program year 2001. 212 Same as Torchiere, used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 213 Same as Torchiere, used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS 214 From VT State screening tool for Torchieres. 218 Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type Residential Commercial Average Annual Hours of Use 1241 3500 Average In Use Rate 0.95215 1.000216 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Applications Efficient Measures Baseline Measures Cost Life217 Cost Component Lamp $7.50 6.44 $6.00 Life 1.61 Commercial Applications Efficient Measures Cost Component Lamp $6.00 Life 0.57 Life218 3.42 Baseline Measures Cost $6.00 Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time Lamp Lifetime Lamp Lifetime Hours Years 1 3,000 8.22 2 5,000 6.85 3 7,000 6.39 4 9,000 6.16 5 9,500 5.21 6 10,000 4.57 8 12,000 4.11 10 12,000 3.29 12 12,000 2.74 24 12,000 1.37 215 Ballast Lifetime Hours 12,000 20,000 28,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 Ballast Lifetime Years 32.88 27.40 25.57 24.66 20.82 18.26 16.44 13.15 10.96 5.48 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. Ibid. 217 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 218 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 216 219 Interior Fluorescent Fixture Measure Number: IV-E-5-c (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: Portfolio 24 1/1/04 TBD Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls Description An existing lighting fixture with incandescent bulbs is replaced by an ENERGY STAR lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps in an interior setting. Estimated Measure Impacts Residential Commercial Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0655 0.1887 Average number of measures per year 7,180 362 Average Annual MWH savings per year 470.3 68.3 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) kW(Commercial) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((80.7-25.1 / 1000) * 0.95) = 0.0528 = ((78.8-24.9) / 1000) * 1.0 )= 0.0539 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) kWh (Commercial) = kW HOURS = (0.0528 * 1241) = 65.5 = (0.0539 * 3500) = 188.7 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 219 = average hours of use per year220 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an interior incandescent light. High Efficiency High efficiency is a interior fluorescent fixture. 219 220 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application. Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application. 220 Operating Hours Residential Applications: 1241221 hours / year Commercial Applications: 3500222 hours / year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1 Commercial Indoor Lighting ,#12 Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 2%.223 Spillover 7%.224 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $20 Incentive Level The incentive for this measure is $15 O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings225 Residential Commercial $0.35 $1.74 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type Residential Commercial Average Annual Hours of Use 1241 3500 Average In Use Rate 0.95226 1.000227 221 Usage rates for residential program taken from analysis of study of nearly identical program in southern New England (Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000). Note, hourly usage rates from various interior setting averaged. See page 4-9 of cited study. 222 Usage rates for commercial applications reflect agreement made between Efficiency Vermont and the VT Department of Public Service during program year 2001. 223 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 224 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS 225 From VT State screening tool 226 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 227 Ibid. 221 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Applications Efficient Measures Baseline Measures Cost Life228 Cost Component Lamp $6.00 6.45 $1.00 Ballast $14.00 25.82 N/A Life 1 N/A Commercial Applications Efficient Measures Cost Component Lamp $6.00 Ballast $14.00 Life 0.3 N/A Life229 3.43 13.71 Baseline Measures Cost $1.00 N/A Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time Lamp Lifetime Lamp Lifetime Hours Years 1 3,000 8.22 2 5,000 6.85 3 7,000 6.39 4 9,000 6.16 5 9,500 5.21 6 10,000 4.57 8 12,000 4.11 10 12,000 3.29 12 12,000 2.74 24 12,000 1.37 228 229 Ballast Lifetime Hours 12,000 20,000 28,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 222 Ballast Lifetime Years 32.88 27.40 25.57 24.66 20.82 18.26 16.44 13.15 10.96 5.48 Exterior Fluorescent Fixture Measure Number: IV-E-6-d (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 24 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: a) 2004_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls; b) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000 Description An existing lighting fixture with incandescent bulbs is replaced by an ENERGY STAR lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps in an exterior setting. Estimated Measure Impacts Residential Commercial Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.1209 0.1790 Average number of measures per year 1,971 103 Average Annual MWH savings per year 238.3 18.4 Algorithms Demand Savings230 kW kW(Residential) kW(Commercial) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((83.2-25.1) / 1000) * 0.95 = 0.0552 = ((82.1-23.6) / 1000) * 1.0 = 0.0585 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) kWh (Commercial) = kW HOURS = (0.0552 * 2190) = 120.9 = (0.0585 * 3059) = 179.0 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = In service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 231 = average hours of use per year232 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an exterior incandescent light fixture. High Efficiency 230 Based on EVT analysis of Exterior Residential and Commercial Florescent Fixtures rebated through Efficient Products Program 231 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application. 232 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application. 223 High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR qualified exterior fluorescent fixture. Operating Hours Residential Applications: 2,190 hours / year 233 Commercial Applications: 3,059 hours / year 234 Loadshape Residential Outdoor Lighting, #2 Commercial Outdoor Lighting, #13Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 2%235 Spillover 7%236 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $20 Incentive Level The incentive for this measure is $15 O&M Cost Adjustments The annual savings related to reductions in operation and maintenance costs is $1.75. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type Average Average Annual Hours In Use Rate of Use Residential 2,190 0.95237 Commercial 3,059 1.000238 233 Residential Usage rate based on 6 hours daily burn time. Usage rate is based on EVT estimate after reviewing numerous lighting evaluation studies across the country. 234 Commercial Usage rate based on 8.4 hours daily burn time consistent with load profile for commercial outdoor lighting in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening tool. 235 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 236 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS 237 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 238 Ibid. 224 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Efficient Measures Baseline Measures Cost239 Life240 Cost Component Lamp $6.00 4.56 $1.00 Ballast $14.00 18.23 N/A Life241 0.46 N/A Commercial Component Lamp Ballast Efficient Measures Cost242 $6.00 $14.00 Life243 3.92 15.65 Baseline Measures Cost $1.00 N/A Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time Lamp Lifetime Lamp Lifetime Hours Years 1 3,000 8.22 2 5,000 6.85 3 7,000 6.39 4 9,000 6.16 5 9,500 5.21 6 10,000 4.57 8 12,000 4.11 10 12,000 3.29 12 12,000 2.74 24 12,000 1.37 239 Ballast Lifetime Hours 12,000 20,000 28,000 36,000 38,000 40,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 Life244 0.33 N/A Ballast Lifetime Years 32.88 27.40 25.57 24.66 20.82 18.26 16.44 13.15 10.96 5.48 Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance. Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 241 Residential baseline measure lamp life is based on 1,000 hours of lamp life expectancy with 2,190 average annual hours of use (1,000 / 2,190=0.46 years 242 Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance. 243 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 244 Commercial baseline measure lamp life is based on 1,000 hours of lamp life expectancy with 3,059 average annual hours of use (1,000 / 3,059=0.33 years 240 225 Ceiling Fan End Use Energy Star Ceiling Fans Measure Number: IV-F-1-a (Efficient Products Program, Ceiling Fan End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 4/1/02 Effective date: 6/15/02 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: a) ceilingfans.xls; b) Calwell and Horwitz (2001). “Ceiling Fans: Fulfilling the Energy Efficiency Promise”. Home Energy. Jan/Feb. c) Caldwell and Horowitz. Unpublished memo circulated through CEE. Description Ceiling fans meeting air flow efficiency requirements at low, medium and high speed operation. If equipped with a light kit, then either fitted with an Energy Star rated fixture or included with Energy Star bulbs equal to the number of light sockets, as well as have separate fan and light switching. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.187 Average number of measures per year 500 Average Annual MWH savings per year 93.5 Algorithms Energy Savings245 From lighting: kWh =180 kWh246 From fan: kWh =7.5 kWh247 Demand Savings From lighting: kW = 0.01968248 From fan: kW = 0.0144249 Where: kWh kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure 245 Consumers will be offered separate rebates. If the ceiling fan has an Energy Star lighting kit, a rebate will be offered as if for an Energy Star lighting fixture. Regardless, a separate rebate will be offered if the fan itself qualifies as an Energy Star model. Since the default Energy Star lighting fixture savings will be less than typical lighting savings from an Energy Star ceiling fan with light kit, the EVT tracking system will log the incremental savings increase through an adjustment correlated with fan rebate coupons. In the future, a more direct way of tracking savings from Energy Star Ceiling fans may be possible. 246 See referenced documents: ceilingfans.xls for calculation. Data derived from review of Caldwell and Horowitz (unpublished memo). 247 Id. 248 Derived using Residential Indoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool (Loadshape #1). 249 Derived using Residential Air Conditioning Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool (Loadshape #11). 226 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition for fans with light kits assumes four sockets fitted with 60 watt incandescent bulbs. Baseline fan motors assume a 1.0 amp rating at the high-speed setting. Both conditions are based on information from manufacturer data and the Horowitz/Calwell article in the Jan/Feb 2001 issue of Home Energy magazine. High Efficiency Energy Star fans with light kits assumes 2-D or circline Energy Star lamp totaling 60 watts. Baseline fan motors assume a 0.6 amp rating at the high-speed setting. Both conditions are based on information from manufacturer data and the Horowitz/Calwell article in the Jan/Feb 2001 issue of Home Energy magazine. Operating Hours Lighting: 1241 hours / year Fans: 200 hours / year Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh (RPF) Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Fan motors (Residential 0% 0% 50% A/C #11) Indoor 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% Lighting #1 Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 50% 0% 60% 0% 27.7% 23.2% 12.3% 22.3% Source: Residential A/C Loadshape form Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool (#11). Residential Indoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool (#1). Freeridership 10%250 Spillover 10%251 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 15 years based on EVT estimate Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $50252. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $15 for an Energy Star ceiling fan without a light kit, and $30 for an Energy Star ceiling fan with a light kit. O&M Cost Adjustments There is an annual savings of $12.48 related to operation and maintenance cost adjustment for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. 250 Based on EVT estimate. Id. 252 Estimate based on Horowitz and Calwell (unpublished memo). 251 227 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp Ballast 253 Efficient Measures Cost Life253 $8.00 6.26 years $20.00 25.05 years Baseline Measures Cost $1.00 N/A Life of components based on 3.4 hours average residential use per day. 228 Life 0.6 years N/A Low Income Single-Family Program Hot Water End Use Tank Wrap Measure Number: V-A-1-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 315 Demand Savings kW = 0.036 Where: kWh 315 kW 0.037 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 254 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency255 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors 254 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431 kWh per installation). 255 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 229 For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected load kW % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Insulation #53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak 33.3% Winter 73.0% Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $35 Lifetimes 6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 230 Summer 79.0% Fall/Spring 70.0% Pipe Wrap Measure Number: V-A-2-d (Low Income Single Family, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: 9/15/01 12/01/01 TBD Description Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 33 Demand Savings kW = 0.0038 Where: kWh 33 0.0038 kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 256 = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency257 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors 256 257 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 231 For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected load kW % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Insulation #53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak 33.3% Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $15 Lifetimes 10 years. 232 Winter 73.0% Summer 79.0% Fall/Spring 70.0% Tank Temperature Turn-Down Measure Number: V-A-3-d (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 146 Demand Savings kW = kWh / 8760 Where: kWh 146 kW 8760 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency258 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees, typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees. 258 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. 233 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of calculated kW savings % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Insulation #53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.3% 73% 79% 70% Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $5 Lifetimes 4 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 234 Low Flow Showerhead Measure Number: V-A-4-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 340 Demand Savings kW = 0.0997 Water Savings CCF = 4.6259 Where: kWh 340 kW 0.0997 CCF 4.6 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 260 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 261 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow showerhead. 259 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. 261 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening of the Efficiency Utility program. 260 235 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected kW savings % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% Conserve #8 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Conserve #53 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 22% 56.6% 38.0% 45.4% Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $15 Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 236 Low Flow Faucet Aerator Measure Number: V-A-5-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 57 Demand Savings kW = 0.0171 Water Savings CCF = 2.0262 Where: kWh 57 kW 0.0171 CCF 2.0 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 263 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 264 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow aerator. 262 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. 264 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening of the Efficiency Utility program. 263 237 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of calculated kW savings % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% Conserve # 8 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Conserve #54 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% Summer Off-Peak 22% Winter 56.6% Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $6 Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 238 Summer 38.0% Fall/Spring 45.4% Hot Water End Use (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: V-A-12-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Portfolio 14, July ‘02 10/1/02 TBD Draft date: Effective date: End date: Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP Description Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both the cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 25 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap. Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $15 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $15. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions265 265 Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated life span of 30 years. 239 When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the pipe wrap measure are the following: MMBtuoil = 0.15 MMBtunatgas = 0.15 MMBtuliq.propane = 0.15 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 240 Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: V-A-13-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective Date: End Date: Portfolio14, July ‘02 10/1/02 TBD Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Description An insulation “blanket” is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated electricity savings associated with the measure is for a six week period as this represents the average lag time between measure installation and replacement of the electric water heater.266 Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit (Six weeks) 0.036 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 0.9 25 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 315 (if measure remains active over a 12 month period) kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.036 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh 315 kW 0.037 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency267 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency268 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap. 266 Source: Jim Massie, VEIC, Efficiency VT (7/8/02). Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation, WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431 kWh per installation). 267 268 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 241 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of calculated kW savings % of annual kWh (RPF) (CF) Application Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.2% 11.0% 33.2% 33.2% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Application Controlled DHW Insulation #53 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.3% 73.0% 79.0% 70.0% Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Six weeks of savings based on the time lag after the measure is installed and the electric water heater system is replaced with a fossil fuel based electric water heater system. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. For tank wraps where DHW fuel switch occurs with support of Efficiency VT, estimated lifetime of tank is one month. Measure Cost $35 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $35. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 242 Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: V-A-14-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio14, July ‘02 Effective: 10/1/02 End Date: TBD Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP; West Hill (September 2000) Description An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 25 Water Savings CCF = 4.6269 Where: CCF 4.6 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow showerhead. Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $15 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $15. O&M Cost Adjustments 269 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. 243 There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions270 When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow shower head measure are the following: MMBtuoil = 1.15 MMBtunatgas = 1.15 MMBtuliq.propane = 1.15 Water Descriptions Estimated annual water savings are 4.6 CCF. 270 Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years. 244 Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: V-A-15-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio14, July ‘02 Effective: 10/1/02 End: TBD Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP; West Hill (September 2000) Description An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 25 Water Savings CCF = 2.0271 Where: CCF 2.0 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow aerator. Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $6 Incentive Level 271 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. 245 The incentive level for this measure is $6. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions272 When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow faucet aerator are the following: MMBtuoil = 0.26 MMBtunatgas = 0.26 MMBtuliq.propane = 0.26 Water Descriptions Estimated annual water savings are 2.0 CCF. 272 Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years. 246 Waterbed End Use Waterbed Insulating Pad Measure Number: V-B-1-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Waterbed End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Insulation pad placed over a waterbed mattress. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 490 Demand Savings kW = 0.0559 Where: kWh 490 kW 0.0559 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 273 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency274 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a waterbed without an insulating pad. High Efficiency High efficiency is a waterbed with an insulating pad. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost 273 274 From VT DPS 1999 screening. From VT state screening tool. 247 Fall/Spring 100% $35 Lifetimes 6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 248 Lighting End Use CFL Measure Number: V-C-1-c (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWsave Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement. High Efficiency High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 5.8% 3.1% 5.6% per hour per hour per hour 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% 27.7% of daily of daily of daily burn time burn time burn time All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape). Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. See Reference Table below for cost assumptions used in screening and O&M calculations. 249 O&M Savings O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference tables. Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 O&M Savings $1.43 $2.82 $4.21 $5.60 $6.13 $6.61 $8.15 $8.37 $8.51 $8.89 Lifetimes Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000 hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables CFL Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp Efficient Measures Cost275 6.26 Baseline Measures Life276 6.26 Cost $1.00 275 Life 0.6 years Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance. Cost of efficient lamp is N/A as measure life is same as efficient lamp (no replacement). 276 Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day. 250 Fluorescent Fixture Measure Number: V-C-2-c (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description An existing incandescent lighting fixture is replaced by a fluorescent fixture (including table lamps but excluding torchieres). Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWsave Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light fixture with sufficient usage to justify replacement. High Efficiency High efficiency is a fluorescent fixture. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 27.7% 5.8% per hour of daily burn time 3.1% per hour of daily burn time 5.6% per hour of daily burn time All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape). Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. O&M Savings O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. 251 Daily Burn Time O&M Savings 1 ($5.78) 2 $4.24 3 $10.00 4 $16.19 5 $20.18 6 $23.49 8 $33.43 10 $38.05 12 $42.58 24 $69.09 See reference table below. Lifetimes 20 years (though it will be necessary to replace the lamp in the fixture at least once during that time period). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Table Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp Ballast 277 278 Efficient Measures Cost277 $8.00 $20.00 Baseline Measures Life278 6.26 years 25.05 years Cost $1.00 N/A Life 0.6 years N/A Costs do not include labor rates. Maintenance assumed to be carried out by homeowner Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day. 252 Torchiere Measure Number: V-C-3-d (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description An existing halogen torchiere is replaced by a fluorescent torchiere. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 0.243 HOURS Demand Savings kWj = (kWh /HOURS) Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure 0.243 = average kilowattage reduction279 HOURS = average hours of use per year as reported by customer kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light fixture with sufficient usage to justify replacement. High Efficiency High efficiency is a fluorescent fixture. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% 27.7% 23% 12% 22% Commercial 27.7% 5.4% 42.1% 24.8% 55% 56% 55% All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape). Freeridership 0% for low income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. 279 Assumes 300 watt typical halogen torchiere replaced by 57 watt CFL torchiere. 253 O&M Savings Daily Burn Time O&M Savings 1 ($1.23) 2 $12.50 3 $22.76 4 $33.37 5 $42.18 6 $51.21 8 $71.49 10 $89.02 12 $106.53 24 $193.22 See reference table. Lifetimes 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Table Torchiere O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp Ballast 280 281 Efficient Measures Cost280 $10.00 $30.00 Baseline Measures Life281 6.26 years 32.88 years Cost $8.00 N/A Life 1.57 years N/A Costs include labor rates. Rates as follows: $2.67 per lamp installed; $12.50 per ballast installed. Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day. 254 CFL by Mail Measure Number: V-C-4-b (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 15 Effective date: 1/1/03 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000. Description A CFL lighting is offered to low-income households through a mail-in coupon circulated in a LIHEAP mailing. Upon receipt of the customer response card, EVT will mail a 20-Watt CFL to the address of the response card’s sender. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.046 Average number of measures per year 2,271 Average Annual MWH savings per year 104.5 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR * MAF kW = (75-20) / 1000) * 0.9 * 0.75 = 0.0371 Energy Savings kWh = kW HOURS kWh = 0.0371* 1241 =46.0 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh HOURS ISR MAF = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW282 = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = annual hours of use per year283 = in service rate (ISR) or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 284 = mail adjustment factor given some bulbs will be inoperable upon arrival or not used by customer 285 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline efficiency is a 75-Watt incandescent lamp installed in a residential application. High Efficiency 282 A 20 watt energy efficient bulb was sent out to qualifying participants that is estimated to have replaced the baseline 75 watt incandescent bulb, for a total demand savings of 55 watts or 0.055 kW. 283 1,241 hours of operation are based on 3.4 hours per day for residential applications. Source: Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000. 284 In service rate (ISR) is estimated to be 90%.. Annual energy savings are decreased by 25% to reflect savings adjustment protocol agreed to during Savings Verification 2002. 285 255 The High efficiency is a 20-Watt CFL lamp. Operating Hours 1,241 hours per year, 3.4 hours per day Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Residential Indoor Lighting (#1) 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% Summer Off-Peak 27.7% Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Summer Fall/Spring 23.2% 12.3% 22.3% Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 6.4 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Lifetime based on life of CFL. CFL life is rated by hours of use per day. (See table below) Measure Cost The measure cost is $6286. O&M Cost Adjustments The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.09. (See reference table below.) Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 286 Cost includes data processing and product shipping handled by Efficiency Vermont contractor EFI. 256 Reference Tables A. Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 Lamp Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Lamp Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 B. Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp 287 Efficient Measures Cost $4.00 Life287 6.4 years Baseline Measures Cost $1.00 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 257 Life 0.8 years Ventilation End Use Ventilation Fan Measure Number: V-D-1-a (Low Income Single Family, Ventilation End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description Efficient ventilation fan. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.169 Average number of measures per year 99 Gross MWH savings per year 16.731 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 169 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.06 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = annual kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure 0.06kW = 0.06 kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt fan) 169 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 Watts). High Efficiency High efficiency ventilation fan (20 Watts). Operating Hours 2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program) 258 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Ventilation 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% #10 Source: Vermont State Screening Tool Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 35.0% 32.2% 32.2% 32.2% Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $90 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 259 Refrigeration End Use Energy Star Refrigerators Measure Number: V-E-1-a (Low Income Single Family, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.doc Description A refrigerator qualifying for Energy Star Program specifications replaces a non-Energy Star model. This is a custom, retrofit measure. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit Range: 0.8 – 2.5 Average number of measures per year 36 Average Annual MWH savings per year Range: 28.8 - 90 Algorithms Energy Savings Custom, based on site-specific data. (Range: 800 – 2500 kWh/year) Demand Savings Custom, based on site-specific data. (Range: .16 - .50 kW) Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWbase = baseline connected load kW kWeffic = efficient connected load kW HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year 5000 = HOURS kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline is a refrigerator metered on site to determine annual energy consumption. High Efficiency The High Efficiency is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for efficiency established January 1, 2001288 Operating Hours 5000 / year289 288 289 See referenced document: ES.ref.kWh.doc for Energy Star qualifying models’ energy consumption. Based on residential refrigerator loadshape/full load hours from VT State Screening Tool. 260 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Residential 22.5% 10.8% 33.7% 33.0% 62.3% 60.0% Refrigerator #4 All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential refrigerator load shape). Fall/Spring 56.8% Freeridership 0% for low-income customers. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is based on site-specific data. Range: $430 –750. An additional $100 fee is paid for contract management. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 261 Residential New Construction Program Hot Water End Use Tank Wrap Measure Number: VI-A-1-d (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 23 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 250290 Demand Savings kW = 0.029 Where: kWh 250 kW 0.029 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 291 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency292 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap. Loadshape Residential DHW Insulation, #7. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool 290 Savings based on negotiations with DPS and Westhill Energy considers higher baseline for RNC. Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431 kWh per installation). 292 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 250 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 291 262 Freeridership 0% for direct install measures. The tank is found without a tank wrap, so by definition, freeridership is zero. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $35 Lifetime 7 years293 293 Lifetime based on agreement with VT DPS through TAG discussions. 263 Pipe Wrap Measure Number: VI-A-2-b (Residential New Construction, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Insulation is wrapped around the first 6 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 33 Demand Savings kW = 0.0038 Where: kWh 33 0.0038 kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 294 = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency295 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Residential DHW Insulation #7 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.3% 100% 100% 100% All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. Freeridership 0% for direct install measures. The pipes are found without insulation, so by definition, freeridership is zero. 294 295 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 264 Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $15 Lifetime 13 years (average life of water heater). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 265 Tank Temperature Turn-Down Measure Number: VI-A-3-c (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 9/15/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 146 Demand Savings kW = kWh / 8760 Where: kWh 146 kW 8760 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 296 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees, typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Winter Peak % of annual kWh Winter Summer Off-Peak Peak Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation. Freeridership 0% for direct install measures. The tank is found set at a higher temperature, so by definition, freeridership is zero. Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $5 296 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. 266 Lifetime 7 years (average life of water heater). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 267 Low Flow Showerhead Measure Number: VI-A-4-b (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 340 Demand Savings kW = 0.0997 Water Savings CCF = 4.6297 Where: kWh 340 kW 0.0997 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 298 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 299 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency CCF 4.6 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow showerhead. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Residential DHW Conserve #8 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. Freeridership 0% for direct install measures. The existing showerhead is not low flow, so by definition, freeridership is zero. Spillover 0%. 297 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. 299 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening of the Efficiency Utility program. 298 268 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $15 Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 269 Low Flow Faucet Aerator Measure Number: VI-A-5-b (Residential New Construction, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Effective date: End date: 2/2/01 12/01/01 TBD Description An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 57 Demand Savings kW = 0.0171 Water Savings CCF = 2.0300 Where: kWh 57 kW 0.0171 CCF 2.0 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 301 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 302 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow aerator. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Residential DHW 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% Conserve #8 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. Fall/Spring 64.9% Freeridership 0% for direct install measures. The faucet is found without a low flow aerator, so by definition, freeridership is zero. 300 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. 302 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening of the Efficiency Utility program. 301 270 Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $6 Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 271 Refrigeration End Use Energy Star Refrigerators Measure Number: VI-B-1-f (Residential New Construction Program, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio No. 23 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls Description An Energy Star-qualifying refrigerator replaces a refrigerator of baseline efficiency. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0855 Average number of measures per year 250 Average Annual MWH savings per year 21.3 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR kW = (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171 Energy Savings kWh = kW HOURS kWh = 0.0171*5000=85.5 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is a refrigerator meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for refrigerator efficiency. High Efficiency High efficiency is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for energy efficiency as of January 1, 2004. Operating Hours 5,000 hours / year Loadshape Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% 272 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 17 years Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $50. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 273 Efficient Refrigerators Measure Number: VI-B-2-b (Residential New Construction Program, Refrigeration End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 06/01/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Refrigerators meeting minimum qualifying efficiency (top 30% of models with regard to energy efficiency). Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 95 Demand Savings kW = 0.0179 Where: kWh 95 kW 0.0179 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 303 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Baseline efficiency is the current federal efficiency standard in effect from 1992 through mid-2001. High Efficiency High efficiency is defined as any model in the top 30% offered in the market for a particular style and size with regards to energy efficiency. 1 See Reference Table on following page. 274 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW Savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Residential 22.5% 10.8% 33.7% 33.0% 62.3% Refrigerator #4 All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes. Summer Fall/Spring 60.0% 56.8% Freeridership 10%304 (Good and Premium home weighted freeridership assumed in the DPS core program screening) Spillover 10%305 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $30 Lifetime 17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Table Refrigerator Efficiency306 Minimum Efficiency 70th Percentile Efficiency Difference Weighting Weighted Average Top Mounted Freezer Size Range: 20.5-21.5 sq. ft. Side by Side Arrangement Size Range: 28-29 sq. ft. Through the door ice access No external ice access Through the door ice access No external ice access 840 kWh / year 740 kWh / year 920 kWh / year 1040 kWh / year 700 kWh / year 140 kWh / year 10% 94.95 kWh / year 626 kWh / year 114 kWh / year 65% 911 kWh / year 9 kWh / year 15% 1095 kWh / year 55 kWh / year 10 % 304 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 306 Data related to average sizes, styles and weightings based on national averages taken from latest AHAM data available. Data related to energy consumption taken from California Energy Commission findings available at www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/appliances/0. 305 275 Lighting End Use Interior Surface Fluorescent Fixture Measure Number: VI-C-10-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls Description An ENERGY STAR interior surface lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps replaces an interior surface lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application. This category includes surface ceiling and surface wall fixtures. Estimated Measure Impacts Residential Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.1044 Average number of measures per year 1500 Average Annual MWH savings per year 156.6 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((127.3 - 32.6 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0947 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) = kW HOURS = (0.0947 * 1,102) = 104.4 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an interior surface lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s). High Efficiency An ENERGY STAR interior surface lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps. Operating Hours 1,102 hours / year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1 Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. 276 Freeridership 14% Spillover 10% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30 Incentive Level The incentive for this measure is $15 O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings307 Residential $1.09 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Applications Efficient Measures Baseline Measures Cost Life308 Cost Component Lamp $6.00 6.4 $1.00 Ballast N/A 25.6 N/A 307 308 From VT State screening tool Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 277 Life .08 years N/A Interior Recessed Fluorescent Fixture Measure Number: VI-C-11-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls Description An ENERGY STAR interior recessed lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps replaces an interior recessed lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application Estimated Measure Impacts Residential Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0656 Average number of measures per year 1500 Average Annual MWH savings per year 98.4 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((83.8 – 24.3 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0595 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) = kW HOURS = (0.0595 * 1,102) = 65.6 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement An interior recessed lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s). High Efficiency An ENERGY STAR interior recessed lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps. Operating Hours 1,102 hours / year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1 Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 14% 278 Spillover 10% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30 Incentive Level The incentive for this measure is $15 O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings309 Residential $1.09 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Applications Efficient Measures Baseline Measures Cost Life310 Cost Component Lamp $6.00 6.4 $1.00 Ballast N/A 25.6 N/A 309 310 From VT State screening tool Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 279 Life .08 years N/A Interior Other Fluorescent Fixture Measure Number: VI-C-12-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls Description An ENERGY STAR interior lighting fixture in the “other” category, wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps replaces an interior lighting fixture also in the “other” category with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application The “other” category includes chandelier/pendent, DI lamp left not installed, floor lamp, post lamp, table lamp, track light, under cabinet. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit Residential 0.0508 Average number of measures per year 1500 Average Annual MWH savings per year 76.2 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((70.6 – 24.5 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0461 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) = kW HOURS = (0.0461 * 1,102) = 50.8 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement An interior lighting fixture in the “other” category with incandescent lamp(s). High Efficiency An ENERGY STAR interior lighting fixture in the “other” category wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps. Operating Hours 1,102 hours / year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1 Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 14% 280 Spillover 10% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30 Incentive Level The incentive for this measure is $15 O&M Cost Adjustments Annual O&M Savings311 Residential $1.09 Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Residential Applications Efficient Measures Baseline Measures Cost Life312 Cost Component Lamp $6.00 6.4 $1.00 Ballast N/A 25.6 N/A 311 312 From VT State screening tool Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 281 Life .08 years N/A Exterior Fluorescent Fixture Measure Number: VI-C-3-e (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03 Description An ENERGY STAR exterior lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based fluorescent lamp(s) replaces an exterior lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application. This measure characterization applies to exterior fluorescent fixtures in the following exterior locations: post lamp, recessed ceiling, surface ceiling, and surface wall. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.065 Average number of measures per year 200 Average Annual MWH savings per year 13.0 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((80.6 - 21.6 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.059 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) = kW HOURS = (0.059 * 1,102) = 65.0 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement An exterior lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s). High Efficiency An ENERGY STAR exterior lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based fluorescent lamp(s) Operating Hours 1,102 hours / year Loadshape Residential Outdoor Lighting, #2. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 9% Spillover 10% 282 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Lifetime for a fluorescent fixture is 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The average installed cost is $30313 O&M Cost Adjustments O&M savings is $1.31 annually. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp Ballast Efficient Measures Cost $6.00 N/A Baseline Measures Life314 6.4 years 25.6 years Cost $1.00 N/A 313 Life 0.5 years N/A Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install interior fixtures installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001. 314 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 283 Exterior HID Fixture Measure Number: VI-C-4-c (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Portfolio 14, July ‘02 10/1/02 TBD Draft: Effective: End: Referenced Documents: RNC-Tubes_HID_Summary_6_02.xls Description Exterior metal halide (MH) or high pressure sodium (HPS) high intensity discharge (HID) fixtures replace mercury vapor or other high-wattage exterior fixture (e.g. quartz halogen). Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.8945 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 1315 0.8945 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 894.5 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.3063 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh 894.5 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = kWh HOURS = annual fixture hours of use per year 2920316 = HOURS kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure 0.3063317 = kW Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is a mercury vapor fixture or other high wattage exterior fixture (e.g. quartz halogen). High Efficiency The high efficiency models are high-pressure sodium or metal halide exterior fixtures. Operating Hours 2920 hours per year. 315 This number is a placeholder as this incentive was not previously offered. Annual hours of use based on 8 hours per day consistent with load shape No. 3 VT State Screening Tool. 317 Delta kW of 0.3063 derived from VEIC analysis of EVT RNC program data recorded through 1/1/02. 316 284 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Peak as % of calculated kW savings (RPF) (CF) Application Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential Outdoor 19.8% 13.0% 28.9% 38.3% 29.8% 14.5% 29.4% Lighting (HID) #3 Source: Loadshape #3 for Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Freeridership 12% Spillover 10% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $65 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $66. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 285 Exterior Motion Sensor Measure Number: VI-C-5-b (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Motion sensor for exterior lighting. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWconnected 650 Demand Savings kW = kWconnected Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = reduced operating hours assumed in DPS screening of RNC core program 318 kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control, 0.180 kW.319 650 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement For lighting controls the baseline is a manual switch. High Efficiency Exterior motion sensor. Operating Hours 650 reduced operating hours per year. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Application Outdoor motion sensor Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 19.9% 13.3% 30.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 36.6% 6.8% 3.3% 6.6% Freeridership 0% (Good and Premium home freeridership assumed in the DPS core program screening) Spillover 10%320 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $33 318 Consensus number from RNC utility working group. Assumes 2-90 watt halogen bulbs (Assumption used in DPS core program screening) 320 Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate). 319 286 Lifetime 15 years (lifetime assumed in the DPS core program screening). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 287 LED Exit Sign Measure Number: VI-C-6-b (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 2/2/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Exit sign illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED). Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kWsave HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWsave Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW, 0.008 kW. 321 HOURS = annual exit sign hours of use per year, 8760 hours. kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement 15 Watt exit sign High Efficiency 7 Watt LED Exit Sign. Operating Hours Exit Signs – 8760 hours per year. Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Application Flat 8760 hrs #25 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 22.0% 11.0% 32.0% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 35.0% 100% 100% 100% Freeridership LED exit sign – 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $30 321 LED savings historically used by utilities for this program. 288 Lifetime LED exit sign – 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables None 289 Interior CFL Direct Install Measure Number: VI-C-7-c (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03 Description An ENERGY STAR compact fluorescent lamp replaces an incandescent bulb in an interior lighting fixture in residential new construction applications. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0515 Average number of measures per year 450 Average Annual MWH savings per year 23.1 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((65.2 – 18.4 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0468 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) = kW HOURS = (0.0468 * 1,102) = 51.5 Where: kW WattsBASE WattsEE kWh ISR HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Baseline connected kW = Energy efficient connected kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is an incandescent bulb. High Efficiency High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR compact fluorescent bulb. Operating Hours 1,102 hours / year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting #1. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% 290 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 6.4 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The average installed cost is $19322 O&M Cost Adjustments The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.09. (See reference table below.) Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Component Lamp Efficient Measures Cost $4.00 Life323 6.4 years Baseline Measures Cost $1.00 322 Life 0.8 years Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install interior CFLs installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001. 323 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 291 Exterior CFL Direct Install Measure Number: VI-C-8-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 1/28/02 Effective date: 6/15/02 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) RNC_lighting_exterior.xls Description A compact fluorescent lamp replaces an incandescent bulb in an exterior fixture in residential new construction applications. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.1115 Average number of measures per year 150 Average Annual MWH savings per year 16.7 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = kW HOURS kWh = 111.5 Demand Savings kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where HOURS = average hours of use per year 2190324 = average annual hourly of use per year for interior applications kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure 0.0509 = average kilowatt reduction kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure 111.5 = average kilowattage reduction Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is an incandescent bulb. Analysis of exterior CFLs installed in the Efficiency Vermont’s Residential New Construction Program between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2001 indicates that the average baseline wattage for a replaced bulb is 67.5 watts. High Efficiency The baseline is an incandescent bulb. Analysis of exterior CFLs installed in the Efficiency Vermont’s Residential New Construction Program between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2001 indicates that the average baseline wattage for a replaced bulb is 16.6 watts. Operating Hours 2190 hours / year 324 Annual hours of used based on 6 hours / day assumed usage. 6 hours daily used based on estimate developed through EVT communications with VT Department of Service and Residential TAG. 292 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors % of annual kWh Residential Outdoor Lighting #2 Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) Winter Peak Winter Off-Peak Summer Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 19.8% 13.0% 28.9% 38.3% 11.4% 5.5% 11.2% All factors consistent with Residential Outdoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening tool (Loadshape 2). Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes The lifetime for this measure is 3.9 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Measure Cost The average installed cost is $19325 O&M Cost Adjustments O&M savings is $1.94 annually Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Tables Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings Efficient Baseline Measures Measures Cost Life326 Cost Component Lamp N/A 5.5 years $1.00 325 Life 0.5 years Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install exterior CFLs installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001. 326 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application. 293 Generic Linear Fluorescent Tube Fixture Measure Number: VI-C-9-c (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Effective: End: Portfolio 25 1/1/04 TBD Referenced Documents: a)2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03 Description Generic linear fluorescent tube fixture(s) replaces an interior lighting fixture in a residential new construction application. This category includes surface ceiling and surface wall fixtures using a linear fluorescent tube. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.3583 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 903 323.5 Algorithms Demand Savings kW kW(Residential) = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR = ((394.2 – 69.1 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.3251 Energy Savings kWh kWh (Residential) = kW HOURS = (0.3251 * 1,102) = 358.3 Where: kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure WattsBASE = Baseline connected kW WattsEE = Energy efficient connected kW kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure ISR = in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used HOURS = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline is an interior incandescent lighting fixture. High Efficiency An interior lighting fixture with one or more florescent tube lamps. Generic linear florescent tubes include T-12s, T-8s, T-5s, as well as U-tubes. Operating Hours 1,102 hours per year Loadshape Residential Indoor Lighting, #1. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool Freeridership 14% Spillover 10% 294 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 20 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $30. Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $30. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 295 Ventilation End Use Ventilation Fan Measure Number: VI-D-1-d Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 6/01/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Description Efficient ventilation fan. Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 169 Demand Savings kW = 0.06 Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = annual kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure 0.06kW = 0.06 kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt fan) 169 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 Watts). High Efficiency High efficiency ventilation fan (20 Watts). Operating Hours 2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program) Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Residential Ventilation #10 22.1% 11.1% 31.8% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 35.0% 32.2% 32.2% 32.2% Freeridership 5% Spillover 10%327 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Incremental Cost $90 327 Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate). 296 Lifetime 10 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Reference Tables None 297 Space Heating End Use Heating Savings Measure Number: VI-E-1-f (Residential New Construction, Space Heating End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 24 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls Description Reduced heating consumption due to shell and HVAC improvements. Estimated Measure Impacts 5-Star SFD 4-Star Plus SFD 5-Star SFA 4-Star Plus SFA Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.1270 0.0695 0.1128 0.08 Average number of measures per year 121 139 115 45 Algorithms Energy Savings 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 127.0 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 69.5 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 112.8 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 80.0 5-Star Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom 4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom Demand Savings 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.1510 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.0826 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.1341 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.0951 5-Star Multifamily Homes kW = Custom 4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kW = Custom Where: kWh kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross utility coincident peak kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Meets VT Energy Code minimums by receiving 82 RBES points. High Efficiency High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus. Operating Hours 841 hours / year 298 Average Annual MWH savings per year 15.4 9.7 1.3 3.6 Loadshape Loadshape #5, Residential Space Heat, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool Freeridership 5% Spillover 10%328 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 25 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost 5-Star Home = $500 329 4-Star Plus Home = $250 330 Incentive Level $0. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 7.93 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 9.67 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 11.40 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 4.34 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 5.29 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 6.24 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 22.36 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 3.40 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 15.85 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 2.41 Multifamily Homes custom for all fuel types. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 328 Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate). 5-Star Home incremental cost = $1,000. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW 330 4-Star Plus incremental cost = $500. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW. 329 299 Space Cooling End Use Central Air Conditioner Measure Number: VI-F-1-e (Residential New Construction, Space Cooling End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 24 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls Description Reduced pump and motor use from space cooling load reductions. Estimated Measure Impacts 5-Star SFD 4-Star Plus SFD 5-Star SFA 4-Star Plus SFD Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.2410 0.1385 0.1795 0.1635 Average number of measures per year 10 4 17 33 Algorithms Energy Savings 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 241.0 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 138.5 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 179.5 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 163.5 5-Star Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom 4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom Demand Savings 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 1.205 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.6925 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.8975 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.8175 5-Star Multifamily Homes kW = Custom 4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kW = Custom Where: kWh kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = gross utility coincident peak kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Meets VT Energy Code minimums receiving 82 RBES points. High Efficiency High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus. 300 Average Annual MWH savings per year 2.4 0.6 3.1 5.4 Operating Hours 200331 hours / year Loadshape Loadshape #11, Residential A/C, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool Freeridership 5% Spillover 10%332 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 25 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost 5-Star Home = $0 (Cost built into 5-star home heating and DHW inputs) 4-Star Plus Home = $0 (Cost built into advantage home heating and DHW inputs) Incentive Level $0. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 331 332 Consistent with full load hours used in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool. Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate). 301 Water Heating End Use Fossil Fuel Water Heater Measure Number: VI-G-1-e (Residential New Construction, Water Heating End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 24 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls; Description Increase in efficiency of DHW system. Estimated Measure Impacts 5-Star SFD 4-Star Plus SFD 5-Star SFA 4-Star Plus SFD Algorithms Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0 0 0 0 Average number of measures per year 120 139 115 45 Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 0 0 0 Energy Savings There are no electricity savings associated with this measure. See Fossil Fuel Savings below for related energy savings. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Meets VT Energy Code minimums receiving 82 RBES points. High Efficiency High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus. Operating Hours 8760 333hours / year Loadshape Loadshape #7, Residential DHW Insulation Freeridership 5% Spillover 10%334 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 25 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. 333 334 Based on full load hours for DHW insulation in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool. Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate). 302 Measure Cost 5-Star Home = $500 335 4-Star Plus Home = $250 336 Incentive Level $0. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 2.28 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 2.82 5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane =3.23 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 1.189 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 1.46 4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 1.673 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 9.53 5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 0.48 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 4.97 4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 0.25 Multifamily Homes custom for all fuel types. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 335 336 5-Star Home incremental cost = $1,000. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW. 4-Star Plus Home incremental cost = $500. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW. 303 Dishwashing End Use Energy Star Dishwasher Measure Number: VI-H-1-d (Residential New Construction, Dishwashing End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 24 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update, Final Report for National Grid USA, June 28, 2000; 2)RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls Description A dishwasher meeting ENERGY STAR efficiency specifications replaces a standard model. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.0347 Average number of measures per year 56 Average Annual MWH savings per year 1.94 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 34.7337 Demand Savings kW =0.010 Where: kWh338 kW339 MMBtuoil MMBtugas MMBtupropane CCF = the weighted average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below) = weighted average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency = the weighted average customer MMBtu (million Btu)of oil savings from upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below) = the weighted average customer MMBtu of natural gas energy savings (see Table below) = the weighted average customer MMBtu of propane energy savings (see Table below = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet from upgrading to high efficiency340 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The Baseline reflects the minimum federal efficiency standards for dishwashers effective January 1, 2001 with an energy factor >=0.46 High Efficiency High Efficiency is an ENERGY STAR dishwasher meeting specifications of the Energy Star program effective January 1, 2001 with an energy factor >=0.62 and estimated cycles of 215 per year. 337See reference table at the end of this characterization. See RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls). 339 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool. 340 Based on CEE estimate of savings. Agreed to by DPS in negotiations on EVT TRB goal (September 2000). 338 304 Operating Hours N/A Loadshape Residential DHW Conservation, #8. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool Freeridership 10%341 Spillover 10%342 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 13 years.343 Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $27 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions MMBtuoil = 0.07 MMBtugas = 0.18 MMBtupropane = 0.10 Water Descriptions CCF=0.14344 Reference Tables Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater Fuel Type in RNC Homes 345 DHW Fuel Type Electric DHW Oil DHW Gas DHW Propane DHW Weighted Average Adjusted Frequency 0.0% 19% 52% 29% Per Unit Savings KWh MMBTU Oil 115.7 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.7 341 0.00 0.35 0.00 0 0.07 MMBTU Gas 0.00 0.00 0.35 0 0.18 MMBTU Propane 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.10 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS. 343 Koomey, Jonathan et al. (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab), Projected Regional Impacts of Appliance Efficiency Standards for the U.S. Residential Sector, February 1998. 344 Assumes 0.5 gal less water use per cycle. (RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update, Final Report for National Grid USA, June 28, 2000) 345 Source: RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls 342 305 Residential Emerging Markets Program Hot Water End Use Tank Wrap Measure Number: VII-A-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit .315 Average number of measures per year 32 Gross MWH savings per year 10.08 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh =315 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.036 Where: kWh 315 kW 0.37 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 346 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency347 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap. Operating Hours N/A 346 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431 kWh per installation). 347 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 306 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected load kW % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Insulation #53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.3% 73% 79% 70% Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $35 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 307 Pipe Wrap Measure Number: VII-A-2-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit .033 Average number of measures per year 21 Gross MWH savings per year .693 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 33 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.0038 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh 33 0.0038 kW = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 348 = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency349 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap. Operating Hours N/A 348 349 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 308 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected load kW % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Insulation #53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.3% 73% 79% 70% Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $15 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 309 Tank Temperature Turn-Down Measure Number: VII-A-3-a (Residential Emerging Markets, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective Date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit .146 Average number of measures per year 21 Gross MWH savings per year 3.066 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 146 kWh kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWh / 8760 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh 146 kW 8760 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 350 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced. Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees, typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees. Operating Hours N/A Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected load kW % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 350 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. 310 All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Insulation #53 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.3% 73% 79% 70% Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 4 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $5 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 311 Low Flow Showerhead Measure Number: VII-A-4-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit .340 Average number of measures per year 21 Gross MWH savings per year 7.41 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 340 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.0997 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh 340 kW 0.0997 CCF 4.6 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 351 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 352 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow showerhead. Operating Hours N/A Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors 351 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening of the Efficiency Utility program. 352 312 For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected load kW % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% Conserve #8 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Conserve #54 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 22.0% 56.6% 38.0% 45.4% Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $15 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions CCF = 4.6353 353 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. 313 Low Flow Faucet Aerator Measure Number: VII-A-5-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: N/A Description An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit .057 Average number of measures per year 30 Gross MWH savings per year 1.71 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 57 kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.0171 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh 57 kW 0.0171 CCF 2.0 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 354 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency355 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow aerator. Operating Hours N/A Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors 354 Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening of the Efficiency Utility program. 355 314 For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of connected load kW % of annual kWh (CF) Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% 22.0% 77.5% 48.1% 64.9% Conserve #8 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of connected load kW (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Controlled DHW Conserve #54 28.4% 3.1% 46.5% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 22.0% 56.6% 38.0% 45.4% Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $6 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions CCF = 2.0356 356 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. 315 Hot Water End Use (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: VII-A-11-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio 14, July ‘02 Effective: 10/1/02 End: TBD Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP Description Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0 Average number of measures per year Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 25 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap. Freeridership 10% Spillover 0%. Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 10 years. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $15 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $15. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. 316 Fossil Fuel Descriptions357 When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the pipe wrap measure are the following: MMBtuoil = 0.15 MMBtunatgas = 0.15 MMBtuliq.propane = 0.15 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure 357 Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years. 317 Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: VII-A-12-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio 14, July ‘02 Effective: 10/1/02 End: TBD Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Description Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated electricity savings associated with the measure is for a six week period as this represents the average lag time between measure installation and replacement of the electric water heater.358 Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit (six weeks) Average number of measures per year 0.36 25 Average Annual MWH savings per year 0.9 Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = 315 (if measure remains active over a 12 month period) kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = 0.036 kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh 315 kW 0.037 = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure = the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 359 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure = the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency360 Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap. High Efficiency High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap. 358 Source: Jim Massie, VEIC, Efficiency VT (7/8/02). Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation, WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431 kWh per installation). 360 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760 hours). 359 318 Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default): Peak as % of calculated kW savings % of annual kWh (RPF) (CF) Application Winter Winter Summer Summer Winter Summer Fall/Spring Peak Off-Peak Peak Off-Peak Residential DHW 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% 33.3% 100% 100% 100% Insulation #7 All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs. For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program: Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Application Controlled DHW Insulation #53 Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak 22.3% 11.1% 33.3% Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 33.3% 73% 79% 70% Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Six weeks of savings based on the time lag after the measure is installed and the electric water heater system is replaced with a fossil fuel based electric water heater system. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $35 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $35. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 319 Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: VII-A-13-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio14, July ’02 Effective: 10/1/02 End: TBD Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP; West Hill (September 2000) Description An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit Average number of measures per year 0 25 Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 Water Savings CCF = 4.6361 Where: CCF 4.6 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow showerhead. Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $15 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $15. 361 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. 320 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions362 When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow shower head measure are the following: MMBtuoil = 1.15 MMBtunatgas = 1.15 MMBtuliq.propane = 1.15 Water Descriptions Estimated annual water savings are 4.6 CCF. 362 Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated measure life of 30 years. 321 Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) Measure Number: VII-A-14-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft: Portfolio 14, July ‘02 Effective: 10/1/02 End: TBD Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP; West Hill (September 2000) Description An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit Average number of measures per year 0 25 Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 Water Savings CCF = 2.0363 Where: CCF 2.0 = customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure = customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate. High Efficiency High efficiency is a low flow aerator. Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost The incremental cost for this measure is $6 363 Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals. 322 Incentive Level The incentive level for this measure is $6. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions364 When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow faucet aerator are the following: MMBtuoil = 0.26 MMBtunatgas = 0.26 MMBtuliq.propane = 0.26 Water Descriptions Estimated annual water savings are 2.0 CCF. 364 Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years. 323 Lighting End Use CFL Measure Number: VII-B-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Lighting End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: 8/30/01 Effective date: 12/01/01 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: Description An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent. Estimated Measure Impacts Gross Annual MWH Savings per unit N/A Average number of measures per year 831 Gross MWH savings per year N/A Algorithms Energy Savings kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic) HOURS Demand Savings kW = kWbase – kWeffic Where: kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement. High Efficiency High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp. Operating Hours Based on site-specific data. Generally, a lamp used more than two hours daily. Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF) % of annual kWh Winter Winter Summer Peak Off-Peak Peak Summer Off-Peak Winter Summer Fall/Spring 5.8% 3.1% 5.6% per hour per hour per hour 28.7% 7.6% 36.0% 27.7% of daily of daily of daily burn time burn time burn time All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape). 324 Freeridership 10% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000 hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. Range: $14 to $18 (installed cost). O&M Cost Adjustments O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference table. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure Reference Tables CFL Life by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 Lifetime Hours 3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 9,500 10,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 Lifetime Years 8.22 6.85 6.39 6.16 5.21 4.57 4.11 3.29 2.74 1.37 CFL O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time Daily Burn Time 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 24 O&M Savings $1.43 $2.82 $4.21 $5.60 $6.13 $6.61 $8.15 $8.37 $8.51 $8.89 325 Space Heating End Use Efficient Furnace Fan Motor on an ENERGY STAR Furnace Measure Number: VII-C-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Space Heating End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) Sachs & Smith Furnace Fan Report 2003.pdf; 2) Pigg, S. 2003. “Electricity Use by New Furnaces: A Wisconsin Field Study”. Energy Center of Wisconsin, published in Energy Design Update, September, 2003; 3) Furnace Fan Motor Savings 2003.xls, Description This measure will provide incentives for installing an ENERGY STAR qualified furnace with a high efficiency brushless permanent magnet fan motor (BPM, also called ECM, ICM, and other terms), hereafter referred to as “efficient fan motor”. This prescriptive measure will apply when retrofitting an existing unit or installing a new furnace. The incentive offer and savings estimation relate only to the efficiency gains associated with an upgrade to an efficient fan motor. Estimated Measure Impacts Oil Furnace w/ Efficient Motor Nat. Gas Furnace w/ Efficient Motor Propane Furnace w/ Efficient Motor Average Annual MWH Savings per unit 0.8247 Average number of measures per year 0 Average Annual MWH savings per year 0 0.8247 480 395.9 0.8247 120 99.0 Algorithms Demand Savings No summer kW savings.365 Energy Savings kWh = (Heating kWh savings* % Heating) + (YearRound kWh savings*%YearRound) kWh = ((548366 * 0.90367) + (3315368 * 0.10369)) =824.7 Where: 365 Summer connected load kW savings are considered to be too small for EVT tracking. New England winter kWh savings for efficient furnace fan motors. Sachs, H.M and Smith, S. 2003. “Saving Energy with Efficient Residential Furnace Air Handlers: A Status Report and Program Recommendations.” Report No. A033. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. 367 EVT estimates 90% of furnace fan motors used for heating purposes only. 368 Estimate savings of 3400 kWh/yr for heating/cooling/and year round blower fan operation. Estimate 85 kWh for cooling. Subtracting cooling kWh equals 3,315 kWh savings for heating and year round blower fan operation. Pigg, S. 2003. “Electricity Use by New Furnaces: A Wisconsin Field Study”. Energy Center of Wisconsin 369 EVT estimates 10% of furnace fan motors used for year round air circulation in addition to heating use. 366 326 kW = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure Heating kWh savings = kWh savings during heating season % Heating = Estimated percent of furnace fan motors used for heating only YearRound kWh savings = Estimated percent of furnace fan motors used for heating and year round air circulation. %YearRound = Estimated percent of furnace fan motors used for year round air circulation Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement A furnace meeting minimum Federal efficiency standards using a low-efficiency permanent split capacitor (PSC) fan motor. High Efficiency The installed furnace must be ENERGY STAR qualified, residential sized, i.e. <=200,000 Btu/hr unit that meets the CEE criteria for electricity consumption by the furnace fan motor 370, a ratio of annual electricity used to total energy use, 3.4123*EAE/(3.4123*EAE + 1000*EF), less than 2%. 150 to 200 models currently meet this criterion. Operating Hours371 2080 hours / year Loadshape Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool Loadshape #5, Residential Space Heat. Freeridership 5%372 Spillover 0%373 Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 18 years.374 Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $200375 Incentive Level $200. O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. 370 EAE is the annual electric energy use (kWh/yr) during the heating season and E F is the annual fuel energy use during the heating season (MMBtu/yr). 371 Sachs, H.M and Smith, S. 2003. “Saving Energy with Efficient Residential Furnace Air Handlers: A Status Report and Program Recommendations.” Report No. A033. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. 372 EVT estimate. 373 EVT estimate. 374 id Sachs and Smith, 2003. 375 Estimated incremental cost for efficient motor only. Sachs and Smith, 2003. 327 Fossil Fuel Descriptions376 MMBtu Oil = 1.36 MMBtu Gas = 0.25 MMBtu Propane = 0.49 Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. Reference Table E-Star Furnace w/ Efficient Furnace Fan Motor: kWh and MMBtu Savings Oil Furnace: 78 to 90 AFUE Nat. Gas Furnace: 78 to 94 AFUE Propane Furnace: 78 to 90 AFUE Total Adj. Fuel Distribution 64.9% 11.7% 23.4% 100.0% Fan kWh Savings 548 548 548 548 376 Oil MMBtu Penalty 1.36 Nat. Gas MMBtu Cons. Propane MMBtu Cons. Total MMBtu Cons. 0.25 0.49 Sachs and Smith, 2003 estimate efficient motor use requires an additional 21 therms of fossil fuel energy due to the loss of waste heat from non-efficient furnace fan motors. Furnace fuel adjustments per 1997-1998 Vermont Residential Fuel Wood Study, Page 12. 328 2.1 Space Cooling End Use ENERGY STAR Central Air Conditioner Measure Number: VII-D-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets, Space Cooling End Use) Version Date & Revision History Draft date: Portfolio 25 Effective date: 1/1/04 End date: TBD Referenced Documents: 1) CAC 2004 kWh Savings.doc Description This measure will provide incentives for upgrading the total system to an ENERGY STAR qualified central air conditioner (CAC) when retrofitting an existing unit or installing a new CAC in existing homes. This will be a stand-alone prescriptive measure. Mini-split CAC systems are not eligible. Estimated Measure Impacts Average Annual MWH Savings per unit E-Star Central A/C 0.3115 Average number of measures per year 500 Average Annual MWH savings per year 155.8 Algorithms Demand Savings kW = ((EEREE - EERBASE)/ EEREE)*(( BtuH /( EERBASE *1000))) kW =((11.6-9.2)/11.6)*((36000/(9.2*1000)))=0.8096 Energy Savings kWh = ((SEEREE - SEERBASE)/ SEEREE)+ *(( BtuH /( SEERBASE *1000))*Hours))) kWh =((13-10)/13)*((36000/(10*1000))*375)))=311.5 Where: kW EEREE EERBASE BtuH kWh SEEREE SEERBASE HOURS = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure =EER rating for efficient CAC unit = EER rating for baseline CAC unit = CAC unit size in British thermal units per hour = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure =SEER rating for efficient CAC unit = SEER rating for baseline CAC unit = average hours of use per year Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement Meets minimum Federal standards for residential central air conditioner High Efficiency ENERGY STAR qualified377, residential sized, i.e. <=65,000 Btu/hr, central air-conditioning units. During the second year of this initiative, proper sizing using a Manual J calculation or similar heat loss calculation will also be required. 378 377 The current ENERGY STAR standard is >= 13 SEER and >=11 EER for split systems. The savings characterization for this measure is based solely on split systems. It is assumed that most residential units are split systems. The rebate form will track whether the installed unit is a split or package unit. Based on this ratio the savings will be adjusted in subsequent years if necessary. 378 329 Operating Hours 375 hours / year379 Rating Period & Coincidence Factors Consistent with load profile #11, Residential A/C. Freeridership 0% Spillover 0% Persistence The persistence factor is assumed to be one. Lifetimes 18 years. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Measure Cost $379.380 Incentive Level $250.381 O&M Cost Adjustments There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure. Fossil Fuel Descriptions There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure. Water Descriptions There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure. 379 EVT applied 25% adjustment factor to U.S. Climate Cooling Region 2 Full Load Hours of 500 hours for 375 hours. Incremental cost from 10 to 13 SEER is $379 when adjusted to 2003 dollars. Technical Support Document for Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps. Appendix J, Table J-1. U.S. Department of Energy, May, 2002. 381 There will be a $250 incentive for this measure: $100 going to the consumer and $150 going to the contractor. The contractor will be required to provide the customer name and address to prove the unit was installed in VT in order to receive the incentive. Proof of a Manual J calculation will be required starting in the second year of the program. The consumer will mail-in an incentive coupon with a copy of the bill of sale. 380 330