CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS
ENERGY
“LOCKOUT/TAGOUT” (LOTO)
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT
The OSHA Standard for the
Control of Hazardous Energy
(Lockout/Tagout) 29 CFR
1910.147 covers the servicing and
maintenance of machines and
equipment in which the unexpected
start-up or the release of stored
energy could cause injury to
employees.
WHAT IS LOCKOUT/TAGOUT?
• “LOTO” is a technique
used to prevent
energy from being
released during the
servicing of
equipment. This is
accomplished by
placing locks on
energy isolation
devices prior to
starting work.
TYPES OF ENERGY
•
•
•
•
•
•
CHEMICAL
ELECTRICAL
HYDRAULIC
MECHANICAL
THERMAL
PNEUMATIC
•  Some energy sources can be turned on/off.
•  Others can only be dissipated or controlled.
CHEMICAL
• HAS ENERGY THAT CAN START FIRES,
CAUSE SKIN BURNS, GENERATE
HARMFUL GASES OR FUMES
• BEFORE WORKING-RELEASE, DRAIN
OR VENT CHEMICALS SAFELY
Electrical
• AS LOW AS 30 VOLTS
CAN CARRY ENOUGH
CURRENT TO KILL
• USE NONCONDUCTING TOOLS
• DISCHARGE ALL
CAPACITORS AFETR
LOCKOUT
• ENSURE ALL CONTROL
POWER IS DEENERGIZED
• LOCK & TAG SOURCE
BREAKERS NOT
SWITCHES
• STORED POTENTIAL
ENERGY CAN BE
RELEASED DURING
WORK CAUSING
INJURY OR DEATH
• CHECK CIRCUTS DEAD
BEFORE WORKING
HYDRAULIC
• ENERGY OF LIQUIDS UNDER
PRESSURE
• RELIEVE PRESSURE SLOWLY INTO A
PROPER CONTAINER
• RAPID RELEASE CAN CAUSE INJURY
• PRESSURE CAN CAUSE EQUIPMENT
TO MOVE
MECHANICAL
• KINETIC-IN MOTION
• ENERGY OF MOVING MACHINERY CAN
CAUSE, AMPUTATIONS, LACERATIONS,
FRACTURES & LOSS OF LIFE
• POTENTIAL-STORED ENERGY
THERMAL
• ENERGY OF HEAT (& COLD)
• HOT EQUIPMENT & FLUIDSD WILL BURN
YOU
• COLD FLUIDS CAN CAUSE INJURY ALSO
• QUICK RELEASE OF COMPRESSED GASES
CAN FREEZE YOUR SKIN
• ALLOW EQUIPMENT TO REACH A SAFE
TEMPERATURE BEFORE STARTING WORK
PNEUMATIC
• ENERGY OF COMPRESSED GASES
• - UNCONTROLLED RELEASE CAN
CAUSE INJURY
• -RAPID DE-PRESSURIZATION
CREATES EXTREME LOW
TEMPERATURE
• PROPERLY VENT ALL SYSTEMS
BEFORE STARTING WORK
FIRST STEPS IN LOTO
KNOW YOUR EQUIPMENT
& SYSTEMS:
• hazards
• isolation points
• procedures
Working on unfamiliar machinery is a hazard
WHAT YOU NEED FOR LOTO
• WRITTEN LOTO SCHEDULE
• LOCKS & TAGS-IDENTIFIED FOR THE
WORKER
• HASPS-FOR PLACING LOCKS & TAGS
• BREAKER CLIPS-FOR ELECTRICAL LOTO
• BLANK FLANGES-FOR FLUID LINES
• VALVE COVERS-FOR LOTO OF VALVES
• PLUG BUCKETS-FOR ELECTRICAL PLUGS
WHO CAN REMOVE LOCKS &
TAGS???
• ONLY THE EMPLOYEE WHO PLACED
THE TAG “OR” A SUPERVISOR, AFTER
OBTAINING PERMISSION FROM THE
WORKER WHO PLACED THE TAG
• EACH PERSON WORKING ON THE
EQUIPMENT MUST PLACE THEIR OWN
LOCKS & TAGS TO ENSURE THEIR
SAFETY, EVEN IF THE EQUIPMENT
ALREADY HAS A LOCK & TAG ON IT.
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT:
SHIFT CHANGES
1. If servicing lasts more than one
shift, lockout/tagout protection
must not be interrupted.
2. When the employee who applied
device is not there to remove it, it
can be removed only in an
emergency and only under the
direction of the supervisor.
LOTO PROTECTS YOU!!!
• USE PROPER
PROCEDURES….
• PLEASE BE
CAREFUL WHEN
WORKING ON
EQUIPMENT
How Injuries Occur During the
Servicing of Equipment?
– 80% failed to turn off
equipment
– 10% equipment
activated by someone
else
– 5% failed to control
potential energy
– Most of remaining 5%
disconnected power
but failed to verify
effectiveness
WHEN IS LOTO APPLIED?
•
•
•
•
Adjusting
Inspecting
Modifying
Replacing parts
• Clearing jams
• Lubricating
• Cleaning
• Tool changes
• There are some situations where
LOTO is not required…
EXCEPTIONS TO LOTO
• Normal production operations
• Routine, repetitive, & integral to production
• Guards/safety devices not bypassed
• Body part not placed in the point of operation or
other dangerous area during machine cycle
• Need to use alternative measures for protection
• Cord & plug connected equipment
• Plug is only source of energy
• Plug is under continuous control of one person
GENERAL LOTO PROCEDURE
STEP 1
ID Energy
Sources
STEP 2
Notify
Others
STEP 3
Shutdown
Equipment
STEP 4
Isolate
Equipment
STEP 5
LOTO
Equipment
STEP 6
Release
Stored Energy
STEP 7
Verify
Isolation
STEP 8
Perform
Servicing
STEP 9
Release from
LOTO
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT
TYPES OF DEVICES
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES
Durable – Lockout and tagout devices
must withstand the environment to
which they are exposed for the
maximum duration of the expected
exposure. Tagout devices must be
constructed and printed so that they
do not deteriorate or become
illegible, especially when used in
corrosive or wet environments.
DEFINITIONS:
Energy Isolating Device - A mechanical device that
physically prevents the transmission or release of
energy.
Energy Control Procedure - Safety program adopted by
the employer that includes energy control procedures
plus provisions for inspecting the procedures and
training employees for lockout/tagout.
Authorized Employee - one who locks out machines or
equipment in order to perform the servicing or
maintenance on that machine or equipment.
Affected Employee - one whose job requires him/her to
operate or use a machine or equipment on which
servicing or maintenance is being performed under
lockout, or whose job requires him/her to work in an area
in which such servicing or maintenance is being
performed.
TIDBITS OF INFORMATION:
1. Never attempt lockout/tagout procedures
unless you have been trained and certified by
your employer under an approved Energy
Control Program.
2. Never loan or share your lock, combination, or
key with anybody else.
3. Always be sure all lockout/tagout devices are
compatible with the environment in which they
will be used i.e. corrosive, humid, etc.
SUMMARY
• All hazardous energy sources must be
controlled (kinetic & potential).
• Control via energy isolation device (do not rely
on control circuit).
• Only use designated lock for LOTO.
• Tags must accompany all locks.
• Nine-step general procedure – remember to
verify isolation.
• Protection must be ensured during special
situations.
• OSHA STANDARD….1910.147