Chapter 2:
Personality, Self-Esteem
and Managing Stress
Name ________________
Period:_______________
1
Personality and Mental Health:
Describing Personality
 PERSONALITY:
the qualities and traits,
including behavior & feelings, that are
characteristic of a ________________.
 How would you describe your own
personality?


_____________________: friendly, outgoing
____________________: person whose thoughts and
feelings are directed inward
2
Personality and Mental Health:
Describing Personality


______________: person who focuses on the
positive side of things and expects a
favorable outcome
_____________: person who focuses on the
negative side of things and expects an
unfavorable outcome
3
Personality and Mental Health:
Describing Personality
 ________________: self-assured; able to
stand up for oneself and express
feelings in an non-threatening way
 _________________: holding back one’s
feelings and yielding to others
 ________________________:
communicating one’s opinions and
feelings in a way that may seem
threatening or disrespectful to others
4
5
Assertive Messages
Nonverbal Messages
Sit or stand tall,
look directly at the person,
use a steady voice,
use appropriate gestures
Verbal Messages
I-messages: I (think, feel, need, want, believe) .
Refusal Skills
Saying the word “no”,
repeat “no” if necessary,
give your reasons,
show that you care
6
Name that trait!






1. You get up, leave the room and slam the
door.
(____________)
2. You say, " I want to see the program I was
watching. Please change the channel back."
(____________)
3. You yell, "What are you, stupid? Don't you
see I'm watching my show?“
(_________________)
7
Personality and Mental Health
The Healthy Personality

MENTAL HEALTH: the state of being comfortable
with oneself, with others, and with one’s
surroundings.
 People who are mentally healthy are:
 ____________________ about strengths and
weaknesses
 Avoid high risk behaviors (drugs, tobacco, etc.)
 Fun loving and are able to relax alone or with
others
8
Con’t
Able to ________________ at themselves
View a change as a challenge and an
_______________________
Put their talents and abilities to good use.
Able to feel enjoyment and a sense of
achievement
Respect everyone’s _________________
as a human being –including their own
9
Personality and Mental Health:
How is Personality Formed?
1._________________: born with distinct
temperaments
2.Environment: modifies traits
 __________________: copying the behavior of
others
 Friends, family, school, teachers, and culture
 American teens spend more than 50% of their
time with other teens
 ___________________: people who are about
the same age and share similar interests
10
By young adulthood your personality traits
are fairly well established
 Still able to work to change traits with
which you are not satisfied
11
Self-Esteem:
Self-Esteem and Your Health

SELF-ESTEEM: the
confidence and worth
that you feel about
yourself
 More than any other
factor, _________________
has a ____________effect
on all aspects of your
health- mental, social,
and physical.
HIGH SELF-ESTEEM:
Realistic views of strengths &
weaknesses, remains positive even when
fail at a task, accept selves as they are,
form close relationships, values self by
taking care of health & avoiding risky
behaviors
LOW SELF-ESTEEM:
Negative opinion, judge self harshly,
worry about what others think of them
too much, “act” in public, lack selfconfidence
12
How is self esteem formed?

Over the years you have received feedback messages from others that indicate who they
think you are or what they think you are like.
 Positive and negative feedback from parents,
peers, media – both verbal and nonverbal.
 A person with mostly positive feedback will have
_____________________
 A person with mostly negative feedback will
most likely have low self esteem and
_________________ mental health.
13
Self-Esteem:
Self-Esteem and Your Health

Teens with low selfesteem…
 Increased chance of
serious health
problems
 More likely to use
drugs
 More likely to drop out
of school
 More likely to suffer
from eating disorders

Improving self- esteem:
 Learn to focus on strengths
 Select friends who will
support & encourage you to
do your best
 Avoid dwelling on defeat
 Practice good health habits
 Avoid doing things that “go
along with the crowd”
 Set goals for yourself
 Take time each day to do
something you enjoy
 Avoid negative thinking
 Have the ability to LAUGH at
14
yourself
Substituting realistic self-talk for
negative self-talk
Cognitive
Distortion
Negative Self-Talk
Realistic Self-Talk
Focusing on
Negatives
School is so discouraging- nothing
but one hassle after another
School is pretty
challenging and has its
difficulties, but there
certainly are rewards
Expecting the
worst
Why would my parents want to talk
with me if not to yell at me?
I wonder why my parents
want to meet with me. I
guess I’ll just have to wait
and see.
Overgeneralizing
(After getting a poor grade on a
paper) Just as I thought- I’m
incompetent at everything
I’ll start working on the
next paper earlier. That
way, If I run into problems I
can consult with the
teacher.
15
Substituting realistic self-talk for
negative self-talk
Cognitive
Distortion
Negative Self-Talk
Realistic Self-Talk
Minimizing
I won the speech contest, but
none of the other speakers were
very good. I would not have done
as well against stiffer competition.
It may not have been the best
speech I’ll ever give, but it was
good enough to win the
competition.
Blaming Others
I wouldn’t have eaten so much
last night if my friends hadn’t
insisted on going to that
restaurant.
I overdid it last night. Next time
I’ll make different choices.
Magnifying
events
They went to a movie without me.
I thought we were friends, but I
guess I was wrong.
I’m disappointed they didn’t
ask me to the movie, but it is
not that big a deal.
Believing you’re
the cause of
everything
Molly seems so depressed today.
I wish I did not have that
argument with her yesterday.
I wish I handled the argument
better, but I don’t even know if
she is still mad about that.
Either way Molly is responsible
16
for her actions.
Expressing Emotions:
Common Emotions
 EMOTIONS: are signals that tell your body
how to react – they are simply the way your
body and mind respond to input
 ________________:
•Many types of love (ex. Between family members, in
marriage, and love between friends)
•Felt towards places, things, & people
•One of the most positive emotions people are capable
of
•Ability to give and receive love is essential to mental
health
17
Common Emotions:
________________ – is the ability to imagine and
understand how someone else feels.
 It is being able to “walk” in another’s shoes.
 When you are empathetic, you can reach out to
others and receive their gestures of warmth and
caring in return.
 As with all emotions, it is not healthy to be
overwhelmed with concern for other’s feelings at
the expense of your own needs.
18
Expressing Emotions:
Common Emotions

_______________:- When people let their
emotions carry them into anger, they face
dangers of losing friendships, losing their jobs,
or precipitating violence from those whose
actions have upset them. Positively directing
emotional energy is essential to healthy living.
• Anger can be _______________________________
• How can it be helpful???
19
What is the best way to deal with
anger?
1. Accept and recognize feelings – DO NOT
ignore them!!
 2. Find a HEALTHY way to express those
feelings! Go for a walk, scream, punching bag –
no, not your younger brother
 3. After you have calmed down…and it may take
several days, THINK about EXACTLY what
made you angry
 4. Consider what constructive action you can
take to improve the situation or prevent another
angry episode.

20
Expressing Emotions:
Common Emotions

Anger:
 Primary Emotions
that cause Anger
•Disappointment
•Embarrassment
•Jealousy
•Hurt Feelings
•Frustration
•Fear
21
Expressing Emotions:


Fear:
Guilt: Can stop you from doing
something you know is wrong
•Too much guilt could lead to doubt in
oneself
•Best way to deal with guilt is to
correct the situation if possible and to
talk about your feelings
_ Happiness
22
Expressing Emotions:
Common Emotions

Sadness:
•Sorrow or unhappiness
•______________ response to disappointing events in one’s
life
•Feeling usually passes quickly, but prolonged sadness
could be a sign of depression
• _____________________ an emotional state in which you
feel hopeless and worthless
• ____________________: a period of deep sorrow
•Overcoming sadness:


Admit emotion
Share feelings
23
Expressing Emotions:
Coping with Your Emotions

C___________________________: A way of dealing with
an uncomfortable or unbearable feeling or situation –
used consciously or unconsciously
Also known as:
 ______________________: An unconscious or conscious a
way of defending oneself against difficult feelings
 Sometimes coping strategies can protect you from
painful events, but if overused, they can stunt
emotional growth. If depended upon too much, one
may not learn to express true feelings.
24
Expressing Emotions:
Defense Mechanisms



_________________
 Refusing to recognize the
existence of an emotion
______________________
 Assuming the qualities of
someone you admire
________________________
 Making up for weakness in
one area by excelling in
another area

___________________________
 Making excuses for
feelings and/ or actions

_________________________
 Putting your own faults
onto another person

__________________________
 Fantasizing to escape
unpleasant reality
25
Coping with Your EmotionsDefense Mechanisms Con’t.
D__________________________

Transferring emotions from the
original source to another
R_____________________________

Behaving in a manner opposite to
the way you are feeling
R_________________________

Reverting to immature behavior
to express emotions
S__________________________–

directing your energy into a useful
rather than an unacceptable goal
26
Expressing Emotions:
Coping with Your Emotions

Other Coping Strategies




Confront situation, turn
it into a positive if you
can
Release energy by
exercising, cleaning, etc.
Take a break by reading,
walking, writing in a
journal, etc.
Talk through you
feelings with someone
you trust

Harmful Coping Strategies


Strong emotions could cloud
a person’s judgment
A person could turn to
coping strategies which
make the situation worse for
him/ her
• Acting out in violent ways
• Using alcohol or drugs
• Withdrawing from friends
and family
27
Chapter 3:
Managing Stress
•What Causes
Stress?
•How Stress
Affects the
Body
•Stress and
Personality
•Managing
Stress
28
Managing Stress
29
So just what is stress and what
causes it???
_________________: is a reaction of the
body and mind to threatening or
challenging events in one’s life.
 You experience stress when
situations, events, or people make
demands on your body and mind
30
What Causes Stress?:
The Many Causes of Stress
_____________________: something
that causes stress
 Major life changes: new
school, moving to a new town
 Everyday problems: lost shoe,
missing keys, etc.
 Physical surroundings:
crowded bus, weather,
jammed locker
 At moderate levels, stress can
___________________ your ability
to concentrate and perform at
your best.

31
Stress can be positive!!!
 Positive


Stress
Promotes _________________ and
accomplishment
•Also called _____________________
Examples:
•Feelings before athletic event/
musical performance
•Does it help you to perform
better?
32
Stress can be Negative
 Negative



Stress
Decreases ability to c_________________
and _________________________
Also called _________________________
Examples:
• Nervous to the point of being sick to your
stomach
• Difficulty doing every day tasks
Boo for negative stress .
33
How Stress Affects the Body:
Stages of Stress –General Adaptation
syndrome
1.
_____________________








Body releases
adrenaline into the
bloodstream
Burst of energy
Heart beats faster
Increased rate of
breathing
Decreased amount of
blood to the skin and
digestive system
Muscles tighten
Pupils widen
Mind more alert to
take in information

FIGHT OR FLIGHT
RESPONSE:
a series of physical
changes that prepare the
body to react to stress
34
Stages of Stress
2.


________________________________

Body tries to recover from alarm stage and go
back to normal
______________________________
A steady state or balance; the normal, balanced
state of the body’s internal systems
All stressors trigger the same stress response in
the body, but at different levels of intensity
35
How Stress Affects the
Body:
Stages
of
Stress
____________________________
3.
_ only occurs if distress continues
over a long period of time



Body is worn down and no longer has
enough energy to fight off the stressor
More susceptible to illness, because body
remains in unbalanced state
Most likely to enter this stage if stressor
is out of your control, or if stressor
continues for a long time
36
How Stress Affects the Body:
Recognizing the Signs of Stress

P________________







Muscle tension
Headache
Upset stomach
Pounding heart
Increased sweating
Dry mouth
Trembling/
twitching

E________________









Irritability
Anger
Impatience
Nervousness
Forgetfulness
Negative thinking
Excessive worrying
Loss of interest
Begin to cry easily
37
How Stress Affects the Body:
Recognizing the Signs of Stress

Behavioral Signs




By recognizing these signs early,
you may also be able to prevent
some of the more serious effects of
stress.




Loss of appetite
Overreacting
Drug abuse
Sleep problems
Hurrying
Withdrawing from
relationships
Criticizing others
Fidgeting
38
How Stress Affects the
Body:
andstress
Illness
 SevereStress
or prolonged
can affect
health
 Illness can be brought on or made
worse by stress


Lowered resistance to infection (body
less able to fight off infection)
Makes some conditions more difficult to
control
• __________________: attacks more likely
• ________________________: increased blood flow
• _________________________: heart must work
harder when under stress
39
Stress and Personality

How you react to a stressor could depend
on….


Is this situation a threat to my well- being?
Do I have the necessary resources to meet the
challenge?
•
•
•
•

___________________
____________________
______________________
________________________
Just as your personality is unique, so is the
way you react to potentially stressful
situations
40
Stress and Personality:
Personality Type

TYPE _________ PERSONALITY

Behavior pattern characterized by
competitiveness and a strong desire to
succeed
• Try to accomplish as much as possible in a
short time
• Driven to ____________________________
• Set high standards for self
41
Personality Type
Type ______________ Personality

Behavior pattern characterized by calmness,
less competitive, and not as concerned about
accomplishment
• Less likely to feel stressed if you do not meet
standards
• Less likely to develop stress ________________
_________________________
• May cope with challenges by
i_________________ them
42
Stress and Personality
Computer Lab Assignment

Go to this website:
http://health.discovery.com/centers/mental/assessm
ents.html




Take the test
Print the results page for the test
Open Microsoft Word
Type a response to each of these questions




Do you agree with the test results you
received?
What things could you do to improve the
balance of Type A and Type B?
Why do you think a balance is important?
Your paper should be 1 page typed, double- spaced, no
more than 1 in. margins, and in size 12 font
43
Stress and Personality:
Personality Type
 Few
people are ___________________
Type A or Type B (Are your test
results accurate?)
 Was
there a time when you showed
Type A personality traits?
Why is a balance of the 2 types of
personality important?
44
Stress and Personality
– is a person
that accepts nothing less than excellence
from him/herself
 Perfectionist sometimes take things too far
 Can lead to a vicious cycle of trying harder
and never being satisfied
 Often have trouble meeting deadlines and
taking ____________________
 Suffer from high levels of _____________
 ______________________
45
How to break the cycle of perfectionism
 It’s
not easy!!!
 Accept that you cannot be
_____________
 Take pride in the things that you do well
rather than focusing on your mistakes. As
a result, you will have a lower level of
stress and an increased level of
satisfaction
46
Stress and Personality
N_________________________:

People with negative thinking only increase
their level of stress. They make it almost
________________________________.
 One way to stop negative thinking is to
“___________” yourself through an upcoming
stressful event. In your mind, go through the
event, step by step, giving yourself positive
messages such as “I can do this.”
47
Stress and Personality
– some people
experience a great deal of stress but do not
become ill as a result. These people have
what is called a “hardy personality.
 They view stressful event as challenges or
opportunities rather than ________________
 They are deeply involved in and are
committed to whatever they are doing.
 They have a sense of _________________
over what they are doing. They feel that they
can influence the outcome of the stressful
event.
 ________________
48
Three steps for managing
stress
 Step
one:
____________________: In order to
manage stress, we must identify where it
is coming from. Identifying the source of
stress can be trickier that it might seem at
first!
49
Three steps for managing
stress
 Step
2:
________________ the source of the
stress, if possible. Sometimes it is
possible to get rid of the source of
stress. For example, a student who
has too much to do can eliminate an
extra- curricular activity, or work
fewer hours at a part time job
50
Three steps for managing
stress
 Step
3:
C___________the way we handle stress.
Instead of engaging in negative
thinking ( I can’t do it ) we can think
positively!
We can deal with it head on, or discuss
it with a supportive person.
51
Managing Stress
Managing stress helps to restore the
___________________________
 Managing stress prevents the stressors
from taking control and making you
_________
 Additional ways to handle stress





_________________________
__________________________
_______________________
_____________________________
52
Managing Stress:
Stress Management Techniques

C________________P
roblem



Devise a plan to
solve the problem
Many stressors in
your life are things
that you can work to
change
Direct your energy
toward those things
you are able to
change

Time Management



Do you often wish
there were more
hours in the day?
Do you put things
off until the last
minute?
Poor time
management is one
of the BIGGEST
contributors to
stress
53
Managing Stress:
Stress Management Techniques

Physical Activity




Provide the body
with an outlet for
built up energy
Take your mind off
problems
Give yourself a
chance to relax
Do activities that
you enjoy
54
Stress Management:
Stress Management Techniques


R________________________




A state when the mind
and body are resting
Deep breathing
relaxes muscles, take
in more oxygen which
helps the body
function better
Progressive
relaxation:
concentration on each
group of muscles in
the body one at a time
Read a book, take a
nap, listen to music,
stretching, take a hot
shower, etc.


M____________________ -
Practice event in
your mind,
imagining
yourself
performing at
your best
Increases
confidence in
ability to
perform
Often done by
Olympic
athletes
55
Stress Management:
Stress Management Techniques

H__________



L_____________ helps
to relieve feelings of
stress
Deals quickly with
stressor
Can be harmful if
laughter is used to
cover up true
feelings or if used
inappropriately

Getting Help When
You Need It


Recognize when stress is
becoming overwhelming
Sharing your problems
often helps you to see
them more clearly
56
Stress Management:
Stress Management Techniques

http://health.discovery.com/centers/stress/stress.ht
ml

http://www.girlpower.gov/girlarea/bodywise/bodyi
mage/stress.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.com/findinformation/condit
ioncenters/centers.cfm?objectid=09BB37385E3B-4242-8A552250AB1CB1D6

What do you do to manage the stress in your life?
57