Treatment
Psychoanalysis

 Free association
 Patient reports any and all conscious thoughts
 Hypnosis – unconsious
 Manifest Content – subject of dream
 Latent Content – symbols
 Transference – patient shifts thoughts/feelings about
people/events onto therapist
 Countertransference – therapist transfers their
feelings onto their patient
Humanistic

 Client-Centered Therapy
 Carl Rogers (invented)
 Understand client through their own reality
 Nondirectional approach – focus on clients perception and
how that effects them
 Goal of therapy: self-actualization (full potential)
 Genuineness – active listener and relate to client
 Unconditional Positive Regard – show complete
acceptance of client no matter what
 Accurate empathic understanding – therapist ability to
view world from clients eyes (empathy)
Gestalt Therapy

 Fritz Perls
 Combines both physical/mental therapies
 Client maybe asked to act out conflict in order to make
them aware of their interactions between body and
mind
Behavioral Therapy v.
Insight Therapy

 Behavioral Therapy – short-term process, no deep
underlying cause of problem, abnormal behavior is
the problem and symptom
 Insight
 Insight into the cause is the processes of getting better
 Psychoanalysis
Behavioral Therapy
Counterconditioning

 Conterconditioning – response to a given stimulus is
replaced by a different response
 Alcoholic – replace good feelings while drinking, with
feelings concerning alcohol
 Aversion Therapy – Administer punishment while
stimulus
 Drink alcohol get slapped!
 Systematic Desensitization – replace anxiety with
relaxation
Behavioral Psychology

 Extinction Procedures – weaken maladaptive
responses
 Flooding – expose client to stimulus that causes
undesirable response
 Fear spiders, here’s a Camel spider have fun!
 Implosion – client imagines stimulus rather than
confront it
Behavioral Psychology

 Operant Conditioning
 Behavior-control technique
 Behavioral contracting
 Patient and client draw up a contract both agree to
follow. Follow behavior, rewarded if do the right
thing
 Modeling
 Bandura’s social learning theory
 Vicarious learning – watch and learn
Cognitive Therapy

 Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) also called
Rational-emotive therapy (RET)
 Albert Ellis – when confronted with situations, people recite
statements to themselves that express maladaptive thoughts
 Change thoughts by facing it
 Aaron Beck – focus on maladaptive schemas
 Negative triad – negative view of self, world, future
 Maladaptive inference – person draws conclusions without
evidence
 Dichotomous thinking – all-or-none conceptions of
situations
 “If I don’t get this job, I’ll be a complete failure.”
Biological Therapies

 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)




High voltage electricity pass through head
Causes temp amnesia, possible seizures
Success with depression (last option)
Possible memory loss
 Psychosurgery
 Prefrontal lobotomy – patient left catatonic state
Biological Therapies

 Psychopharmacology - treatment of psychological and
behavioral maladaptations with drugs
 Psychotropic (psychologically active drugs)
 4 classes of psychotropic/psychologically active drugs:




Antipsychotics
Antidepressants
Anxiolytics
Lithium salts
 Antipsychotics – Clozapine, Thorazine, Haldol
 Reduce schizophrenia symptoms blocking neural receptors
for dopamine
 Tardive dyskinesia – shaking (side effect)
Biological Therapies

 Antidepressants – Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
inhibitors, tricyclics, selective reuptake inhibitors
 MAO – like Eutron increase amount of serotonin,
norepinephrine in synaptic cleft
 Tricyclics – like Norpramin, amitriptyline, impiramine
 Increase amount of serotonin/norepinephrine
 Selective reuptake inhibitors (selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs) – block reuptake
mechanism of cell that released the neurotranmitters.
 Prozac (fluoxetine)
 Fewer side effects
Biological Therapies

 Anxiolytics – depress CNS and reduce anxiety,
increase feelings of well-being, and reduce insomnia
 Common anti-anxiety is Xanax, also include
barbiturates (rarely used)
 Benzodiazepines – Valium (diazepam) and Librium
(chlordiazepoxide) cause muscle relaxation
 Lithium Carbonate
 A salt effective in treatment of bipolar disorder
Modes of Therapy

 Group therapy
 12 Step programs
 Couples therapy
 Family therapy