‘Take Note!’ Manual OVERVIEW The ‘Take Note!’ program has been designed as a curriculum resource for teachers to assist upper primary students improve their ability to take notes and summarise both written and oral information presented to them in the classroom environment. The program can be adapted into classroom programs with ease. FOCUS This project focuses on building oral comprehension and note-taking skills in preparation for high school and beyond. It uses basic frameworks such as the ‘who, what, when, where, how’ framework, and builds on the children’s knowledge and skills in these areas and assisting them to learn how to utilize these frameworks when dealing with more complex texts. OUTCOMES AND INDICATORS Syllabus Outcomes TS2.1 Listens to a variety of less familiar contemporary literary texts. TS2.4 Recognises the main organisational structures of spoken text types. TS3.1 Listens to and notes key ideas and information. TS3.2 Listens to oral presentation and summarises main points. Listens in group discussions and records key issues. Takes notes from a range of spoken texts. STEPS FOR USE Working from the beginning to the end of this book, complete each activity with your class. 1. Explain to the children that they are going to be doing a note-taking activity, and that they each need to collect a copy of a note-taking sheet (see Appendix for ideas), or other paper, and a pen or pencil to write with. 2. Read out the chosen story slowly then again at normal pace. 3. Ask the class the questions that immediately follow the story. 4. At this point, the teacher can then choose to provide incentives to get questions right such as using the provided class tally and ‘progress stickers’ to record the students progress each week. NOTES The difficulty of the stories increases as the book progresses. Five evaluation stories, which are much longer than the other stories, are included. These can be used to assess the students’ ability to effectively take notes that can be used to answer the listed questions. Teachers do not have to use all listed questions if time does not permit, but rather make a selection of questions that may assist in the classroom. Story #1 The Circus The circus has come to town. Georgina is going to see the circus on Saturday morning. She is very excited because, although she is six years old, she has never been to the circus before. Georgina’s big brother Tim Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 is going with her. Georgina does not want to be late because the clowns will be on first and they are her favourite. Her baby sister Helen cannot go with them because she is sick. QUESTIONS 1. What has come to town? 2. Who is going to the circus? 3. When is Georgina going to see the circus? 4. How old is Georgina? 5. How many circuses has Georgina been to? 6. Who is going with Georgina? 7. What is Georgina’s big brother’s name? 8. Which act does Georgina most want to see? 9. Who cannot come to the circus? ANSWERS The circus Georgina On Saturday morning Six years old None Her big brother Tim The clowns Georgina’s baby sister Story #2 Down by the Rock Pools Kate is nine years old and lives near the beach. On weekends, she likes to play in the rock pools near the beach while being very careful not to fall in. She likes to look at all the little animals that live in the rock Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 pools. Can you guess what lives in those rock pools? There are crabs, star fish and lots of little fish that swim around all day. Sometimes, Kate even sees a little octopus that hides in the rock cracks. But best of all, Kate likes to watch the dolphins jump and play in the ocean as she walks home. QUESTIONS 1. Who is the girl in this story? 2. What does Kate have near her house? 3. When does Kate go down by the rock pools to play? 4. How old is Kate? 5. What does Kate like to watch in the rock pools? 6. What does Kate sometimes see hiding in the rock pools? 7. Of all the animals, which ones does she like watching the best? ANSWERS Kate A beach On weekends Nine years old Crabs, starfish and little fish Octopus The dolphins Story #3 I Can See You Every afternoon at 5 o’clock Chloe goes for a ride on her scooter by the creek. Last Sunday afternoon Chloe saw something. It was a platypus! It was swimming in the creek, so she knelt down on the bank to look closer. When Chloe saw it again, she jumped on her green scooter and went home as fast as she could. She couldn’t wait to tell her uncle, Trevor. They both hurried back and peered into the creek, but the platypus had already gone back into its burrow. Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 QUESTIONS 1. Who is the girl in the story? 2. When does she go for a ride on her scooter? 3. What did she see? 4. When did she see the platypus? 5. Where was it? 6. Where did Chloe first go when she saw the platypus? 7. What colour was her scooter? 8. Who did she tell? 9. Where did the platypus call home? ANSWERS Chloe Every afternoon at 5 o’clock A platypus Last Sunday afternoon In the creek Down to the banks Green Her uncle Trevor A burrow Story #4 To the Beach On Friday’s Billy likes to go to the beach. He finishes school at 3:30pm and then catches the bus down to the beach. When he arrives there he meets up with his two best friends named James and Sarah. James and Sarah are brother and sister and live next door to Billy. The beach is a very popular place for the kids to get together at the end of the week. At the beach the kids love to go swimming and surfing and when they get tired they build sand castles. When the kids finish swimming and surfing Billy’s parents pick them up and they all go and eat fish and chips for tea. Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 QUESTIONS 1. What is the boy’s name? 2. Where does he like to go? 3. When does he go there? 4. What time does he finish school? 5. How does he get to the beach? 6. Who does he meet at the beach? 7. What were their names? 8. How are the two friends related? 9. Where do they live? 10. What do the kids do at beach? 11. What do they do when they get tired? 12. What do they do when they are finished at the beach? ANSWERS Billy The beach After he finishes school 3:30pm Catches the bus His two best friends James and Sarah Brother and sister Next door to Billy Swimming and surfing Build sand castles Billy’s parents pick them up and they go and get fish and chips for tea Story #5 The Funny House Jack Luther is five years old. He lives with his Mum, his Dad, his baby brother John and his Aunty Mary and Uncle Joe. They all live in a green and white Winnebago. Every time jenny’s Dad gets a new job, the whole family has to move to another town. That means they move their house. When they move, Mum and Dad pack everything away in the Winnebago while Jack looks after john. Then, it is time to hit the road. Jacks aunty and uncle do the driving and everyone in the family think it’s funny that their house can go driving down the road. Jack always feels ecstatic to be moving because of all the new friends he will make. Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 QUESTIONS 1. Who is the boy in the story? 2. How old is Jenny? 3. Who lives with Jenny? 4. What is her brother’s name? 5. How old is John? 6. What are his aunty and uncle’s names? 7. What do they live in? 8. What colour is the Winnebago? 9. When do they have to move the Winnebago? 10. Where do they move the Winnebago to? 11. Who packs everything n the Winnebago? 12. Who drives the Winnebago? 13. How many brothers and sisters does Jack have? 14. How do they move Jack’s house to a new town? 15. How does Jack feel when he moves? 16. Why is Jack ecstatic? ANSWERS Jack Luther Five years old Her Mum, Dad, brother, aunty and uncle John He’s a baby Mary and Joe A Winnebago Green and white Every time Dad gets a new job Another town Jack’s Mum and Dad Jack’s aunty and uncle One brother By driving it Ecstatic Because of the new friends he will make Story #6 The Monkey Clown On Saturday Laura, Melissa and Emily went into a jungle. In the trees they saw two little spider monkeys that were swinging and playing with each other. The monkeys were high up in the trees when one of them started pushing the other and began to lose his balance. The children shouted, laughed and clapped because they thought it was funny, except for the youngest Emily. She thought the monkey was going to fall. The monkey did a somersault into the next tree and laughed and clapped because they had tricked the children. The other two children needed to explain to Emily that the monkeys were only pretending and that they were having fun. QUESTIONS 1. When did the children go into a jungle? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS On Saturday 2. Who are the children? 3. How many children were there? 4. Where did the children go? 5. What kind of monkey was in the story? 6. Where were the monkeys? 7. What did one monkey do to the other? 8. How did the children react? 9. Who thought the monkey was going to fall? 10. How did the monkey get to the next tree? 11. Why were the monkeys happy? Laura, Melissa and Emily Three Into a jungle Spider monkey High in the tree Pushed him Shouted, laughed and clapped Emily Did a somersault Because they tricked the children and were having fun Story #7 Sammy’s Cars Sammy is three and a half years old and his favourite things to play with are toy cars. He likes all types of toy cars including racing cars, trucks, motorbikes and buses. If Sammy is really good for his Mum and does all his jobs, she will buy him a new toy car when she goes to the newsagents on Friday. Sammy keeps all of his cars in a green and blue toy box under his bed. He has a little sister named Polly who loves to come into his room and play with him and his cars. Because Polly is only little she always makes a huge mess by tipping all the cars out of the green and blue box. Sammy is teaching Polly how to pack up the toy cars because if it’s not cleaned up Sammy will get into trouble. QUESTIONS 1. Who is the boy in the story? 2. How old is this boy? 3. What toys does Sammy like to play with? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Sammy Three and a half Cars, trucks, motorbikes and buses 4. Who buys Sammy the new cars? 5. When does Sammy get a new car? 6. Where does he get the new cars from? 7. Where does Sammy keep his cars? 8. What colour is the toy box? 9. Who likes to go into his room and play with his cars? 10. What does his sister do in his room? 11. What is Sammy teaching Polly how to do? His Mum Friday The newsagent In a toy box under his bed Blue and green Polly Makes a big mess Pack up the toys Story #8 The Ruined Birthday Cake It was Caitlin’s birthday and she was turning 10 years old. Caitlin’s aunty Tracy made her a big chocolate mud cake for her birthday. Chocolate mud cake was Caitlin’s favourite. Aunty Tracy put pink icing on the top of the cake because it was Caitlin’s favourite colour. Just as aunty Tracy finished with the cake, someone knocked on the door for Caitlin’s party so she went to answer it. When she got back into the room she saw that Smokey the cat had jumped up onto the table and was licking all the pink icing off the cake. Aunty Tracy yelled at Smokey and shooed him outside. She was furious. It was too late, the cake had been ruined and aunty Tracy threw it outside into the chook pen. QUESTIONS 1. Who was having a birthday? 2. How old was she turning? 3. Who made Caitlin the birthday cake? 4. What kind of cake did she make? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Caitlin Ten Aunty Tracy Chocolate mud cake 5. What did she put on top of the cake? 6. Why did Aunty Tracy leave the room? Pink icing Because someone knocked on the door Smokey Jumped up on the table and licked the icing off the cake Yelled at it then shooed it outside Furious Into the chook pen 7. What was the cat name? 8. What did the cat do? 9. What did aunty Tracy do to the cat? 10. How did aunty Tracy feel? 11. Where did aunty Tracy throw the cake? Story #9 The Rescue During the summer holidays Sally Johnson went for a big walk in the bush with her friend Paul. When she was walking she saw a wombat lying beside a big log in the shade. The wombat tried to stand up but he couldn’t. Sally could see that the wombat was injured and it had a sore front leg. Sally and Paul ran home to find Sally’s Dad and tell him about the hurt wombat. Sally’s Mum called the RSPCA and told them about the injured wombat. After lunch, Ray from the RSPCA arrived at Sally’s house in a green van. Sally took Ray into the bush and showed him where she’d found the wombat. Ray thanked Sally for her help and then took the wombat to the vets. Sally liked to call herself the Animal Rescue Girl after that. QUESTIONS 1. Who is the girl in the story? 2. Where did she go for a walk? 3. When did she go for this walk? 4. What did she see on her walk? 5. Where did she find the wombat? 6. What was wrong with the wombat? 7. Who did she run home to tell about the wombat? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Sally Johnson In the bush In the summer holidays An injured wombat Beside a big log in the shade It had a sore front leg Her Dad 8. Who rang the RSPCA? 9. Who came to help the wombat? 10. When did he come? 11. What did he drive? 12. What did Sally call herself after her day? Sally’s Mum Ray from the RSPCA After lunch A green van The Animal Rescue Girl Story #10 The Red Bike Julie and Michelle were sisters. They lived in the country. Julie was nine, and Michelle was twelve years old. At the end of the school year their Dad bought one red bike. “I could only afford one bike, girls.” On Saturday afternoon, Julie and Michelle were playing outside. They both wanted a turn at riding the new red bike to the park and back. They ended up having a big fight, and Julie started to cry. Mrs. Crabapple from next door came over to the fence and shouted at the girls “stop fighting girls, or I will tell your mother, and she’ll take the bike and put it away in the shed and no-one will get to have a turn!” This worried the girls. They didn’t want to lose the bike and not be able to ride it, so they played scissors paper rock. Michelle won and she got the first ride. QUESTIONS 1. Who were the sisters in the story? 2. Where did they live? 3. How old was Julie? 4. How old was Michelle? 5. Who bought them the bike? 6. When did he buy the bike? 7. What colour was the bike? 8. When did the girls play outside? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Julie and Michelle In the country Nine years old Twelve years old Their Dad At the end of the school year Red On Saturday afternoon 9. Where did they want to ride the bike? 10. Who cried? 11. Who told them to stop fighting? 12. Who was she going to tell that they were fighting? 13. How did the girls feel about what Mrs. Crabapple said? 14. Who won the game and got the first ride? To the park and back Julie Mrs. Crabapple Their Mother Worried Michelle Story #11 The Greedy Dog Bruce was a little dog who lived on Ripplebrooke farm. His home was the kennel behind the hay shed. He was very fat. He was fat because he ate so much. Bruce lived with five brothers and sisters and three cousins, along with his mother and aunty. At eight o’clock every morning the farmer’s wife, Mrs. McCallum would tip the dog’s food into their bowl. Bruce always wanted to be first to the bowl all the time so he would push the others out of the road. His five brothers and sisters and three cousins would fight with Bruce every time, but because he was so fat he could push them out of the way very easily. Bruce’s brothers, sisters and cousins called him “Hoggy Dog”. QUESTIONS 1. What was the little dog’s name? 2. What was the name of the farm where Bruce lived? 3. Where was his kennel? 4. Was Bruce fat or skinny? 5. How did Bruce get so fat? 6. Who did Bruce live with? 7. How many brothers and sisters did Bruce have? 8. How many cousins did he have? 9. What time did they all get fed? 10. Who brought the dogs their food? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Bruce Ripplebrooke farm Behind the hay shed Very fat He ate too much His brothers, sisters, cousins, Mum and aunty Five Three Eight o’clock every morning The farmer’s wife, Mrs. McCallum 11. Where did the farmer’s wife tip the dogs food? 12. Who would always try to be first? 13. What did he do to be first? 14. Who was always fighting with Bruce? 15. What name did Bruce’s family give him? In the bowl Bruce Push his brothers, sisters and cousins out of the way His brothers, sisters and cousins Hoggy Dog Story #12 The Birthday Dinner James and Simon are twins. Today they turn seven years old, and to celebrate, their parents are throwing them a special birthday dinner. They have invited twenty of their friends and fifteen of their relatives. The boys are very excited because they have never had a big birthday party before. They are even more excited about all of the presents they will get and all of the food they will eat. This morning they helped their mother put up the decorations including blue balloons and streamers and a rainbow coloured piñata filled with lolly pops, red skins, whizz fizz and sour worms. After helping their mother they helped their father make the party bags for everyone when they leave. For dinner, the boys wanted their father to cook them some sausages and rissoles on the barbeque. Their mother made their favourite dessert, a Pavlova covered with fresh fruit, and put seven candles on the top for them to blow out. QUESTIONS 1. What are the twin’s names? 2. How old are they turning? 3. What are they doing for their birthday? 4. How many people have they invited all together? 5. Why are they excited? 6. When did they help their mother set up the decorations? 7. What colour were the decorations? 8. What was the piñata filled with? 9. What did they help their father do? 10. What did they have for dinner? 11. What did Mum make for dessert? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS James and Simon Seven Having a dinner 35 They have never had a birthday dinner before and all of the presents and food This morning Blue and rainbow Lollipops, red skins, whizz fizz, and sour worms Make party bags Sausages and rissoles Pavlova covered with fresh fruit Story #13 The Lost Puppy Mr. Jones, the school Principal has a puppy called Molly. Molly is only eight weeks old and has white fluffy fur and a black tail. Molly is very playful and loves going for walks. Last month Mr. Jones took Molly for a walk at a park where there were lots of other puppies playing. At the park there was a cricket pitch that was very wet and muddy. Naughty Molly jumped straight in the mud and rolled around. Mr. Jones was talking to a friend and when he turned around he couldn’t see Molly anymore. He was very worried as Molly was only little and knew she would be scared, so he looked all around the park. He called and called then all of a sudden this little dog ran towards him. He looked at the dog and realised that it was Molly but she was now brown as she had mud stuck all over her white fur. When they got home Mr. Jones had to bath and scrub Molly until she was white again. QUESTIONS 1. Who owns the puppy? 2. What job does Mr. Jones do? 3. What is the name of the puppy? 4. What colour is Molly? 5. Where did Mr. Jones take Molly for a walk? 6. When did he go for a walk in the story? 7. What part of the park was wet and muddy? 8. What happened when molly played in the cricket pitch? 9. Why was Mr. Jones worried? 10. What did Mr. Jones do when they got home? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Mr. Jones A Principal Molly White with a black tail The park Last month The cricket pitch Mud got stuck to her fur Because Molly was only little and she might get scared Bathed and scrubbed her until she was white again Story #14 The Backyard Ryan is seven years old and he has an older sister named Rebecca who is nine. Ryan and Rebecca live with their Dad in a big old house in Summer Street. They love their house and their favourite thing about it is that it has a huge backyard. When Ryan and Rebecca come home from school they have something to eat and then they go straight into the backyard to play. There are lots of things that they can do in their backyard such as climb trees and make cubby houses. These things are all fun but their overall favourite thing to do is to make a bridge. Ryan and Rebecca get a long plank of wood from their Dad’s wood pile and then they put it across the fishpond. They always play games about who can make it across the fishpond the fastest. Ryan is always very careful now because one day he was running across the plank of wood and he was going too fast and he fell in the water. QUESTIONS 1. Who are the children in the story? 2. How old is the boy? 3. How old is the girl? 4. What sort of house do they live in? 5. Who do they live with? 6. What is the name of the street that they live on? 7. What size is their backyard? 8. What do the children do when they get home from school 9. What can the children do in their backyard? 10. What is their favourite thing to do? 11. Where do they put the plank of wood? 12. What game do they play on the bridge? 13. Who fell in the water? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Ryan and Rebecca Seven Nine A big old house Their Dad Summer Street Huge Have something to eat then go to the backyard to play Climb trees and make cubby houses Make a bridge Across the fishpond Who can make it across the fastest Ryan Story #15 Ian the Tricky Dog Jeremy went to the beach last Saturday with his aunty Miranda. He took his bucket and his spade. Aunty Miranda sat down near the sand dunes, and Jeremy put his bucket and spade near her and ran down to the water for a swim. While Jeremy was swimming, his aunty went for a walk along the beach looking for sea shells to add to her collection at home. There was a dog on the beach called Ian. Naughty Ian decided to dig a hole in the sand right near Jeremy’s bucket and spade. He dug really hard and really fast, and the sand went flying out of the hole. It landed on top of Jeremy’s bucket and spade and covered it right up. When Jeremy came back from his swim, he couldn’t find his bucket or spade anywhere. Then he saw Ian the tricky dog digging in the sand and the big mound of sand where he had left his bucket and spade. “You buried my things didn’t you Ian, you’re a tricky dog!” Jeremy kicked the mound of sand with his foot and found his bucket and spade right underneath. Ian ran off to play on the other side of the dunes. QUESTIONS 1. Who was the boy in the story? 2. Who did he go out with? 3. Where did they go? 4. Which things did Jeremy take to the beach? 5. Where did Aunty Miranda sit? 6. What did Jeremy do when he first arrived at the beach? 7. What did Jeremy do next? 8. Where did Aunty Miranda go? 9. When did Aunty Miranda go looking for sea shells? 10. What was on the beach? 11. What was the dog’s name? 12. What did Ian decide to do? 13. What kind of dog was Ian? 14. Where did all the sand go? 15. What did Jeremy see when he went to look for his things? 16. How did Jeremy find his things? 17. Where did the dog go? ANSWERS Jeremy His aunty Miranda To the beach His bucket and spade Near the sand dunes Put bucket and spade next to Aunty Miranda Went down to the water for a swim Went for a walk along the beach looking for sea shells When Jeremy was swimming A dog Ian Dig a hole in the sand A naughty dog On top of Jeremy’s bucket and spade The dog and the pile of sand Kicked the mound of sand Ran off to play on the other side of the dunes Story #16 Sports Galore Harry and Emmett were both in Grade 6 at Lavington East Primary School. They were best friends. Harry was twelve, and Emmett was eleven and a half. On Wednesday, Harry bought a football to school for them Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 to play with, and Emmet bought a cricket bat and a tennis ball. “Let’s play football at play time, and we can play cricket during lunch,” said Harry. At recess, Harry got three goals, and Emmett scored four goals and a point. “Well done Emmett!” said Harry as the bell rang to go back to class. He felt proud that his best friend was so good at football. In class between recess and lunch, while they were doing some story writing Harry looked out the window and saw that it had started to rain. “Oh No!” said he said to Emmett. “We aren’t going to be allowed to play cricket at lunch time now…” “I hate rain!” exclaimed Emmett. Then he realized something, “Wait a minute, what if we play inside in the gymnasium?”. “Oh yeah! What a great idea!” Harry said. And so Harry and Emmett got to play cricket after all. Some of their classmates joined in too and they all had so much fun! QUESTIONS 1. Who were the two boys in this story? 2. How old was Harry? 3. How old was Emmett? 4. What day did they play football and cricket? 5. What did Harry bring to school to play with? 6. What did Emmett bring? 7. How many goals did Harry get? 8. How many goals did Emmett get? 9. How did Harry feel about Emmett’s football skills? 10. Who joined in with them when they were playing cricket? 11. Where did they play when it had started to rain? ANSWERS Harry and Emmett Twelve Eleven and a half Wednesday A football A cricket bat and tennis ball Three Four (and a point) He felt proud Their classmates The gymnasium Story #17 Harry’s Holiday On December 1st of every year Harry and his family go on a holiday. Last year they went to Canada. Harry had never been overseas before so it was very exciting for him. When they were in Canada the most exciting thing Harry did was go to Niagara Falls. Niagara Falls is a huge waterfall that is on the border of Canada and America. When they were there they did a tour and walked behind the falls. They then got on a boat and sailed into the falls. Harry said it was really loud and that he got really wet. He said it was the biggest waterfall he has ever seen in his life and it looked really cool because it was shaped like a horse Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 shoe. When they finished at Niagara Falls they drove to Toronto and visited their aunty, uncle, and cousins. They stayed with their relatives for 2 weeks. While they were there they did lots of fun things but the most fun was when they watched an ice-hockey game. After the game they got to meet the players and get their autographs. On the 20th of December Harry flew home to Australia, he was sad to leave his relatives, but he had an amazing holiday and couldn’t wait to tell his friends about it. QUESTIONS 1. When does Harry go on holidays? 2. Where did they go last year? 3. What was Harry’s favourite thing to see in Canada? 4. What is Niagara Falls? 5. Where are the falls? 6. What did they do when they were at the falls? 7. What did Harry say about the falls? 8. Where did they go when they finished at the falls? 9. Who did they visit? 10. How long did they stay with them? 11. What was his favourite thing he did with his cousins? 12. What happened after the match? 13. When did they fly home? 14. Who was he excited to tell about his holiday? ANSWERS 1st December every year Canada Niagara Falls A huge waterfall Border of Canada and America Walked behind the fall and went on a boat into the falls It was loud and it was shaped like a horse shoe Toronto His Aunty, uncle, and cousins 2 weeks See an ice-hockey match They met the hockey players and got their autographs 20th December His friends Story #18 The Angry Crocodile One rainy afternoon a mother crocodile laid 10 eggs buried in a nest made out of dirt and long grass. She buried them to keep them warm and safe from predators. The mother croc was very protective of her eggs and hardly ever got off the nest even to get food and water. One morning the mother croc left to get some food. While she was gone a sneaky fox started looming around the nest knowing that food was inside. The fox knew that the he had to be quick otherwise the mother crocodile would return and eat him. So he quickly but quietly started to make his way towards the nest, keeping an eye out for the mother. The fox made it to the nest and his mouth started to water, he was looking forward to eating some food. Just as he started to dig at the nest the mother crocodile saw what he was doing and leapt from the river. She scurried as fast as she could up the river bank roaring at the fox. The fox saw the angry mother and scrambled as fast as he could up the levy bank. Just as he reached the top the mother croc jumped up and snapped at his tail and just nipped the tip of it. The fox let out a yelp and scampered of into the scrub. “I don’t think that fox will be back” thought the mother. Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 QUESTIONS 1. When did the mother lay the eggs? 2. How many eggs did she lay? 3. Where did she lay them? 4. Why did she bury them? 5. How often did she get off the eggs? 6. Who was looming around the nest? 7. Why did he have to be quick? 8. What happened when the fox started to dig at the nest? 9. What did the mother croc do to the fox? 10. Where did the fox run? ANSWERS One rainy afternoon 10 In a nest made of dirt and long grass To keep them safe and warm Hardly ever The fox He knew the mother croc would return Mother croc saw him, leapt from the river, scurried up levy bank, roaring at fox Nipped the top of the fox’s tail Into the scrub Story #19 Sarah’s Awful Day Last Tuesday Sarah got up at 7am and was getting ready for work which started at 8:30am. She always had the same routine, which was; iron her clothes, have a shower, get dressed, have breakfast and lastly feed her pet snake Tilly. Tilly was a Diamond Python and loved to eat mice. On this particular Tuesday Sarah was playing with Tilly and forgot the time. It was 8:40 so she was running 10 minutes late for work. Sarah quickly locked the house and jumped into her red car and started to drive to work. Sarah has to go through seven sets of traffic lights on her way to work, and at everyone she got a red light. She was now running 25 minutes late. Sarah finally arrived at work, locked her car and ran to her office. Her boss Mrs. Jenkins was not very happy and told Sarah she needed to be on time. Sarah was very sorry and told Mrs. Jenkins that it would not happen again and went on with her work. At the end of her day, she went to drive home. When she got to her car she realised that she had locked her key in the car and felt very silly. Sarah rang her housemate David and he brought her spare set of keys to open the car. That night Sarah was glad to be going to bed as she had had such an awful day and hoped tomorrow would be better. QUESTIONS Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS 1. Who is the girl in the story? 2. When did Sarah have an awful day? 3. What was Sarah getting ready for? 4. What was the first thing Sarah did in her routine? 5. Who was Tilly? 6. Why was Sarah running late? 7. What colour is Sarah’s car? 8. How many sets of traffic lights did Sarah go through on her way to work? 9. How late was Sarah when she got to work? 10. How did Sarah get from her car to her office? 11. Who was Sarah’s Boss? 12. At the end of the day what did Sarah realised she had done? 13. How did she feel? 14. Who did Sarah ring? 15. Why was Sarah glad to be going to bed? Sarah Tuesday Work Iron her clothes Her pet snake Because she was playing with Tilly Red Seven 25 minutes She ran Mrs. Jenkins Locked her keys in the car Very silly Her housemate David Because she had an awful day Story #20 Gary the Goblin Gary the green goblin lived in Toggle Valley. He lived with his family of 7 brothers, who were also goblins and 2 sisters, who were fairies. Every Sunday the whole family would go to the valley market and stock up on special plants, herbs and spices for the week. They use these ingredients for the special potions and elixirs that they concoct in class during the week. Gary’s favourite teacher is Miss Gopler, who teaches how to make potions. Gary has this class four times a week and every week they make a new potion. On the first potions class of the week Miss Gopler teaches the students about a special potion recipe. On the second day she brings in the ingredients for the potion to show the students what they must bring. On the third day Miss Gopler makes the potion in front of the class so that they know what they have to do to make it. Finally on the fourth day the students get to make the potion themselves. Gary gets very worried on these days because sometimes people make the potions wrong. When the potions are made wrong they can explode, some make a foul smell, and some turn a funny colour. One day Gary made a potion wrong and the smell of mouldy cheese filled the whole school. On that day everyone had to go home and got 3 days off school while it was being cleaned. Gary was so embarrassed and now he makes sure he pays extra attention in class now so that it never happens again! QUESTIONS 1. Where did Gary live? 2. Who was in his family? 3. Where did the family go every Sunday? 4. Why did they go to there? 5. What do they use these things for? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Toggle Valley 7 brothers and 2 sisters To the valley market To buy plants, herbs, and spices Potions and elixirs in class 6. Who is Gary’s favourite teacher? 7. What does she teach? 8. What happens in class on the first day? 9. What happens on the second day? 10. What happened on the third and fourth day? 11. What can happen when potions are made wrong? 12. What happened when Gary made the potion wrong? Miss Gopler Potions Miss Gopler teaches a recipe Miss Gopler shows ingredients needed to make potion. Miss Gopler makes potion in front of class, then the class makes the potion They can explode, smell, and turn a funny colour It smelled like mouldy cheese, everyone had to go home and had 3 days off school Evaluation Story #1 Daniel the Dragon Slayer Daniel is 15 years old and lives in Dragon Valley. Dragon valley is found between two big mountains and it is famous for the number of dragons that inhabit the area. There is said to be at least 5,000 dragons living in lairs around the valley. Most of the time the dragons keep to themselves except for one dragon known as Derazon. Once every month Derazon would fly into the village and terrorize the people but he was very unpredictable and no one ever knew when he was going to come. He was orange and had huge wings coloured green and blue. At the end of the last day of term three, Daniel and his friends were getting ready to go to the town fair. They were very excited because at the fair there were going to be dodgem cars, paintballing and heaps of rides. It had been a beautiful sunny day but on the way to the fair, the sky turned grey and big thunder clouds were rolling in over the horizon. Daniel and his friends instantly became worried as this type of weather could only mean one thing…Derazon! Just as they decided to run home, Derazon came sweeping through the fair breathing fire and blowing up all the rides. People were flying everywhere as Derazon knocked over the tall Ferris wheel and attempted to eat them. Daniel decided that he could not run and hide and he had to do something to stop the dragon from terrorizing their town. The people of dragon valley fled and soon there was no one to be seen. Daniel could feel something hot on his neck and he turned around to find himself staring face to face with Derazon….. QUESTIONS 1. Who is the story about? 2. How old is the main character? 3. Where does he live? 4. What is this town famous for? 5. What is the name of the meanest dragon? 6. What colour were the dragon’s wings? 7. When was the fair? 8. What activities were at the fair? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Daniel 15 Dragon Valley The number of dragons Derazon Green and blue Last day of term three Dodgem cars, paintballing and 9. Why were Daniel and his friends worried? 10. What did the dragon knock over? 11. What can the dragon do? rides, Ferris wheel Because the storm clouds were coming which meant so was Derazon The Ferris wheel Fly, breathe fire Evaluation Story #2 Barry the Badger Barry the Badger lived in a burrow in the Franklin Forest. He was 72years old and lived alone. He had lived in the Franklin Forest his whole life; it was a very special place for him. One day when he was out looking for berries he saw two men walking around that he had never seen before. His stood still and silently listened to what the men were talking about. He couldn’t hear what they were saying at first but he noticed that they were pointing at the trees and looking closely at them. He thought this was strange so he edged a little closer so he could hear the men talking. As he got closer he could hear the men talking about how nice the wood is and what great money it could make them. Barry’s heart stopped as he heard them say this. Harry had a burrow once before in this forest but it was destroyed because humans started to take away the trees and tear up the land. This was a very sad time for Barry as many of his friends and family were killed. Barry decided he had to do something. He quickly snuck away to alert his friends. By the end of the day Barry had alerted nearly half of the Forest about what he had heard. Over the next couple of days the Forest animals met to devise a plan to stop the humans, when they came back. This day finally came 3 weeks later. The humans appeared with their bulldozers and trucks and made their way up into the Forest. Suddenly all of the animals appeared from their caves and burrows, until nearly the entire Forest floor in front of the men was covered by animals. All of the animals started to growl and make their way towards the men. The men began to feel uneasy and started to walk backwards, they then began to run, and eventually all of the men were running as fast as they could to get out of the forest and back into their cars. The animals’ plan had worked and they had scared the men away. Barry the Badger continued living on in his burrow and the Forest was never disturbed again. QUESTIONS 1. Who was Barry? 2. Where did he live? 3. How old was he? 4. Who did he live with? 5. Why was the Forest a special place for Barry? 6. Who did he see when he was looking for berries? 7. What did he do when he saw them? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS A Badger A burrow in the Franklin Forest 72 years old No one He had lived there his whole life Two men or two strangers Stood still and listened to them talk 8. What did Barry see the men doing? 9. What did he hear the men say? 10. What happened to Barry in the past? 11. Why was it a sad time for Barry? 12. What did Barry decide to do? 13. When had Barry alerted half of the Forest? 14. What did the animals do for the next couple of days? 15. How long was it until the humans returned? 16. What did the humans come to the Forest with? 17. What did the animals do? 18. How did the animals react? 19. How did the men feel? 20. What did the men do? 21. How did the animals know their plan had worked? 22. What happened to Barry? 23. What happened to the Forest? Pointing and looking closely at the trees How nice the wood is and how much money it would make them His burrow was destroyed, because humans had pulled up the trees and the land. His family and friends were killed Alert his friends By the end of the day Devised a plan to stop the humans before they came back 3 weeks Bulldozers and trucks Came out of their caves and burrows and covered the Forest floor They growled and made their way towards the humans Uneasy Ran as fast as they could out of the forest and back to their cars The men were scared away He kept on living in the Forest It was never disturbed again Evaluation Story #3 Come Back Peter, Come Back Paul. Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 Peter and Paul were two budgies who belonged to Mr Cornelli. Early one morning in the holidays, some naughty children from the neighbourhood opened up the cage door and Peter and Paul flew out. The little budgies had never been out of their cage before and they thought it was very exciting. They flew up high above the house over the trees, over the fences and way over the river. On the other side of the river was a park. In the park were some tall Blue Gum trees. Peter and Paul landed in one of the big blue gum trees and began drinking the delicious honey out of the blossoms. Suddenly, a big parrot began to shriek at them. “Stop eating my honey!” He tried to peck them to chase them away from his gum tree. Peter and Paul were friendly little budgies and they had never met a nasty big parrot before so they were very frightened. As fast as they could, they flew away from the gum trees. Looking down as they flew, Paul spotted some long grass with heads of seeds. Grass seed was the two budgies’ favourite food. The two budgies landed on the ground, pulled down a stem of grass each and began gobbling the seeds. Suddenly, fat old Mrs Magpie saw the two strangers in the park. She was very jealous of their beautiful blue and green feathers. She wanted some to make herself pretty so she swooped down and began pecking at the budgies and tried to pull off their beautiful feathers. Poor Peter and Paul, they flew up into the sky and fled from Mrs Magpie. Just then, Peter saw some people having a picnic in the park. The budgies know that Mrs Magpie was afraid of people because she was a wild bird. But the budgies were not afraid of people. So they flew down onto the ground next to the picnic basket. “Look Dad!” shouted a big girl, It’s Peter and Paul!” Mr Cornelli jumped up and grabbed the table cloth. Then he dropped it over Peter and Paul before they flew away again. Then he took the two budgies back home to their cage. The budgies were very happy to be back home in their safe cage where no more nasty birds could bother them. Just to keep them safe, Mr Cornelli put a lock on the cage door. QUESTIONS 1. How many budgies were in the story? 2. Who were the budgies? 3. Who did the budgies belong to? 4. Who opened the cage door? 5. When did they open the cage door? 6. Where did they come from? 7. How did the budgies feel when they flew out of their cage? 8. What kind of tree did the budgies find? 9. What did the budgies do in that tree? 10. Who shrieked at them in the gum tree? 11. What was the budgies favourite food? 12. Who saw them eating this food? 13. What did Mrs Magpie want from the budgies? 14. What colours were the budgies’ feathers? 15. Where did the budgies see people? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Two Peter and Paul Mr Cornelli Naughty children In the holidays The neighborhood Excited Tall blue gum trees Drank the honey out of the blossom A big parrot Grass seed Mrs Magpie The beautiful feathers Blue and green In the park 16. What were the people doing? 17. Where did the budgies sit? 18. What did Mr Cornelli grab? 19. Where did Mr Cornelli take Peter and Paul? 20. How did the budgies feel about being back in their cage? 21. What did Mr Cornelli do to the cage? Having a picnic Next to the picnic basket The table cloth Back home to their cage Very Happy Put a lock on the door. Evaluation Story #4 Felix Finds a Home Felix was a little space monkey who lived on a far away, cold planet. Because Felix was so little, there were many things that he did not know. He did not know why he lived on the far away, cold planet. And, he did not know why there were no other space monkeys living there for him to play with. “Well” said Felix on his ninth birthday, “I might not know much about anything, but there’s one thing I do know. I know that I am lonely and cold. So, I’m going to find a new home and some friends to play with. Now, travelling through space there was another thing that Felix didn’t know much about. So, he waited until the stars came out Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 and then shouted up to the biggest star and asked his advice. “Can you tell me how I can travel through space to find a new home and friends to play with, please star?” “Why don’t you swing up on my starlight and sit here with me until we see a passing meteorite,” said the biggest star, “then you can jump on and ride it till you see somewhere that looks good”. So Felix, being a space monkey, could easily swing up on the starlight. Soon, they saw a little meteorite whizzing towards them. “JUMP!” shouted the star, and Felix leapt onto it. “where are you going, meteorite?’ “To the moon that orbits the Earth,” said the meteorite. “Me too!” said Felix, who didn’t really know where that was. They sped through space for a hundred days until Felix’s arms and legs became sore from holding on so tightly. At last they landed on the moon. Felix was very sad because he couldn’t see any friends to play with anywhere. So, he jumped off the meteorite, sat down on the ground and began to cry. “What’s the matter, you sookie space monkey?”Asked the moon. Felix told him how lonely he was. “Well, why didn’t you say so instead of crying? That’s easily fixed,” he said with a big chuckle. “Jump onto that big moonbeam of mine and slide down it to the Earth. Don’t change beams halfway down. And don’t let go till you touch the tree tops. We don’t want any accidents do we?’’ Straight away Felix jumped onto the moonbeam, shouted goodbye and slid all the way down until he landed on a big Banyan tree. He looked down and saw that he was in the middle of a big green jungle. And what do you think he could hear and see on the jungle floor? QUESTIONS 1. What was the space monkey’s name? 2. Where did Felix live? 3. How many things did Felix know? 4. How old was Felix? 5. What did Felix want to go and find? 6. When did Felix decide to look for a new home and friends? 7. Who did he ask for advice? 8. When did he ask the big star for advice? 9. How did he get up to the big star? 10. What did they see whizzing towards them? 11. Where was the meteorite going? 12. How long did they speed through space? 13. How did Felix keep from falling off the meteorite? 14. Where did they land? 15. What did Felix find on the moon? 16. What did he do when he found there were no friends to play with? 17. Who told Felix what to do? 18. When did Felix leave for Earth? 19. How did he get down to Earth? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Felix On a far away cold planet Not many Nine A new home and friends to play with On his ninth birthday The biggest star When the stars came out He swung up on the starlight A little meteorite To the moon that orbits the Earth One hundred days He held on tight On the moon There were no friends to play with Jumped off the meteorite, sat down on the ground and cried The moon Straight away Slid down a moonbeam 20. What sort of tree did he land on? 21. What did the moon tell Felix not to do? 22. Where did Felix have to be before he could let go of the moonbeam? 23. Where did he land on Earth? 24. What could he see and hear on the jungle floor? Banyan Don’t change moon-beams halfway down and don’t let go Touching the tree tops In a big green jungle Monkeys (not in text) Evaluation Story #5 The Competition On the weekends during Winter Carly and her family go to the snow. Carly is seventeen and her family have been going to the snow since she was just a baby. Carly loves to snowboard but all of her family ski. She decided to try snowboarding when she was eight years old and loved it. She has been snowboarding ever since. Carly now competes and has won seven racing competitions in the past year. She enjoys racing but her most favourite event to compete in are the jumps. Carly can do amazing tricks on her board such as back flips, 360’s, 180’s and many more. It has taken Carly three years to master these tricks and this weekend she is competing in her second tricks competition. Carly is very nervous for this weekend’s competition. Last year when she competed in the same competition she had a dreadful accident. As she was approaching her first jump she heard a loud snap from her board. When she looked down she saw that there was a huge crack across her board; she knew this wasn’t good. As she approached the jump she began to panic but it was too late to stop. When she hit the jump her board snapped in two and she went flying into the air. She knew the landing was going to be painful. She did two flips in the air and fell with a thud. When she looked at the ground she saw blood and felt instant pain. Her family ran to her side and after about two minutes the snow ambulance were putting her on a stretcher and transporting her to the Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 snow first aid. When she was in hospital she found out that she had broken her right leg and her right arm, and had knocked out her two front teeth and one bottom tooth. Carly had to stay in hospital for four days and had to attend the dentist for two weeks to make her new teeth. Carly’s arm and leg were in plaster for eight weeks and her teeth were replaced after three weeks. Luckily, Carly was wearing a helmet which the doctors said stopped her from getting any head or brain injuries. This year is extra special for Carly because she is returning to the competition. She is nervous because of what happened last year but excited to be having another chance this year. She has been practicing and practicing and feels that she has the chance to win. When the weekend came Carly was so nervous. She woke up Saturday morning at 5:30am and couldn’t get back to sleep so she got up, had a shower and ate breakfast. She then waxed her board and packed her bag ready for the day. As the rest of her family woke up she went for a walk to clear she mind. On her walk she went to the jumps that she was going to be on that day and sat there for a while. She was thinking about what happened last year but was giving herself encouragement for her competition later in the day. She then walked back to her lodge and talked with her family. Carly’s competition was starting at 2pm in the afternoon so her and her family made their way to the jumps at 1:30pm. While they were waiting Carly talked to the other people in the competition to try and calm her nerves. At 1:45pm the announcer called over the speaker that the competition was starting in 15 minutes. Carly’s stomach turned because she knew that she was going first. When 2 o’clock came the announcer blared Carly’s name over the loud speaker. Carly’s heart started to race as she approached the top of the jump. She strapped herself in and stood up. Her time had come and she wanted to shine. She took a deep breath and slide down the slope. She bent her knees and gained speed as she approached the first jump. She hit the jump and launched into the air. She did a 360 as she flew through the air and landed effortlessly on the ground. The crowd roared and cheered as Carly powered on. She hit the next jump and did a 180, landing smoothly and then sped towards her last jump. Carly was full of excitement and confidence from the perfect jumps she had made. All she wanted was to land the last jump and blow the crowd away. She flew towards the jump and as she hit it she took a deep breath. She launched into the air and twisted herself backwards into a back-flip. As she flipped through the air she came out of the position and looked towards the ground hoping that she would land. The crowd was going crazy but her family was holding their breath feeling anxious. Carly completed the back-flip and made the most smooth and perfect landing the crowd had ever seen. Everyone, was cheering and clapping and jumping up and down, especially her family. They were so proud of her because she had worked so hard towards this very moment and she had performed it with perfection. Carly was ecstatic and she fell to the ground crying; she knew she had done well and was so proud of herself. Carly watched the rest of the competition and cheered for her friends. When the final person fished the jump course the competitors had to line up at the end of the course for the announcement of the winners. There were 11 people in the event so Carly knew that getting a placing in the competition would be tough. The announcer started to call the winner of third place, Katie Mac, a roar went up. Carly’s heart started to race even harder as he called out second place, Laura Bromley. Carly started to panic because she so badly wanted a placing and it was looking out of reach. She knew she’d done well but wasn’t sure how she would go. Then as the crowd went silent she her the name Carly Browne called over the speaker for first place. The whole crowd went wild as Carly stood there in shock. She could not believe she had just won first place. A huge smile broke across her face and she started to laugh and cheer as she made her way to the podium. They handed her a huge trophy which she held high above her head. The crowd cheered and Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 clapped even louder as Carly stood there smiling about her accomplishment. After everything she’d been through to be in the competition she’d won what she worked so hard for. QUESTIONS 1. When do Carly and her family go to the snow? 2. How old is Carly? 3. How long has Carly’s family been going to the snow? 4. What does Carly like to do at the snow? 5. What does her family like to do? 6. When did Carly first try snowboarding? 7. What does Carly like to compete in? 8. How many competitions has she won in the past year? 9. What is her favourite event to compete in? 10. What tricks can Carly do on the snowboard? 11. How long has it taken Carly to master the tricks? 12. How many competitions will she have been in after this weekend? 13. Why is she nervous for the competition this weekend? 14. What happened last year when Carly approached the first jump? 15. What did she see when she looked at her board? 16. How did she feel when she approached the jump? 17. What happened when she hit the jump? 18. How many flips did she do in the air? 19. What did she see when she looked at the ground? 20. How long did the snow ambulance take to arrive? 21. What injuries did she receive from accident? 22. How long was Carly in hospital for? 23. How long was she attending the dentist? 24. How long did it take to replace her teeth? 25. How long were her arm and leg in plaster for? 26. What stopped Carly from acquiring a brain injury? 27. Why is this year extra special for Carly? 28. What time did Carly wake up on Saturday morning? 29. What did she do when she got up? 30. Why did she go for a walk? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 ANSWERS Every weekend during Winter Seventeen Since she was a baby Snowboarding Skiing When she was 8 years old Snowboard racing competitions Seven Jumps 360’s, 180’s and backflips and more Three years Two Because she had an accident last year She heard a snap from her board A huge crack Panicked Her board snapped in two and she went flying into the air Two Blood Two minutes Broken right leg and right arm knocked out two front teeth and one bottom tooth Four days Two weeks Three weeks Eight weeks A helmet She is returning to the competition 5:30am Had a shower, ate breakfast, waxed her board and packed her bag To clear her mind 31. Where did she go on her walk? 32. What time did Carly and her family go down to the jumps? 33. Why did Carly talk to the other people in the competition? 34. Why did Carly’s stomach turn? 35. What was the first trick Carly did off the jump? 36. How did the crowd react? 37. What was the second trick Carly did? 38. What was the third trick Carly did? 39. Why was her family feeling anxious? 40. What did the crowd do when she landed? 41. Why did her family feel proud? 42. What did Carly do? 43. Where did they have to line up for the announcements? 44. How many people were in the event? 45. What were the names of the third and second place winners? 46. What place did Carly come? 47. What did Carly do when she heard she’d won? 48. What was she given? Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 To the jumps 1:30pm To calm her nerves Because she knew she was going first A 360 They roared and cheered A 180 A back-flip Because they wanted her to land Started cheering, clapping, and jumping She had worked so hard and had performed the tricks perfectly Fell to the ground crying At the end of the jumps course Eleven Katie Mac and Laura Bromley First She laughed and cheered A trophy Appendix The following pages include examples of note-taking scaffolds that can be used by students not only for the purposes of this program, but also other note-taking activities undertaken in the classroom. Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 Note-taking Scaffold #1 Story: ………………………………………………………………………………… Key words Summary: ………………………………………………………………………………....... …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 Note-taking Scaffold #2 Topic: …………………………………………………………………………………… Key words Picture Summary: …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… Note-taking Scaffold #3 Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 Beginning Middle End Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008 Note-taking Scaffold #4 Please take notes while we read the story. Listen carefully, and write down all the facts you hear. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Now we will ask you questions about the story that you can answer below. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Produced by the Riverina Schools Project Partnership, 2008