The Rise of Ancient Rome
(The Roman Republic)
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An important message from Mr. Zindman
This Powerpoint slide show is not to be used exclusively! The slideshow is to
be used to support your guided reading, group work, and textbook
assignments. If you have any questions or concerns I can be emailed at
steve.Zindman@wufsd.net
-Mr. Zindman
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Section 1:Geography and the Rise of Rome
Essential Question:
How did Rome
become a dominate
power in the
Mediterranean?
The Big Idea:
Rome’s location and government became a major power in
the ancient world.
If you were there:
You are the ruler of a group of people looking
for a site to build a new city. After talking to your advisers, you narrowed it
down to two cities. Both site have plenty of food and water. One site is on
top of a rocky hill overlooking a shallow river. The other site is in a wide
open field next to the sea. Which site do you choose? Why?
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Geography helped shape early Greek
Civilization.
Trading cultures developed in Minoan and
Mycenaean civilizations.
The Greeks created city-states for protection
and security.
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Building Background Rome grew to a mighty power. Rome was
in a central location with a good climate. The city’s rise to
military power occurred when the Romans conquered
neighboring Italian tribes.
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The Geography of Italy
Location and Physical
Features
Italy, where Rome was built, is a peninsula in southern
Europe.
1-Two mountain ranges made it difficult to cross
from one side of the peninsula to the other.
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2-In addition, Mount Vesuvius was volcanic. It’s eruptions could
devastate
towns.and runs a 4,000 miles north to the Mediterranean
It
begins in nearby
Central Africa
Much of Italy is mountainous, not flat.
Throughout history people have build
great cities in the hills for defense.
Many cities, such as Rome, were built
near great rivers. Rome lies on the
Tiber River.
Climate
Much of Italy climate is similar to
southern California, warm dry
summers and mild rainy winters.
Reading Check: How did Rome’s location affect it’s early history?
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Rome’s Origins
3-Aeneas (i-NEE-uhs). The great
Trojan hero became a
prominent ruler in Italy.
4-Romulus built the great city
called Rome. He became the
first King of Rome.
The Etrucan Kings, of Rome, built large temples and
Rome’s first sewer.
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The Early Republic
5-In 509 BC, Rome created a
republic. A republic people
elect people to govern them.
Rome’s republic was not a democracy
because the elected people came from a
small group of wealthy people.
In times of great wars, the Romans chose dictators to run the city for about six
months.
6-A dictator was a ruler with almost absolute power to
lead the city.
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The Early Republic
7-Cincinnatus (sin-sun-Nat-uhs), a great dictator of
Rome around 458 BC. He fought off
foreign wars and returned the city to the
people.
Rome continued to fight off many neighbors for many years,
but this was not Rome’s only problem.
8-Rome's Plebeians (pli-bee-uhnz), of common people called for
changes in government. They wanted to say how the government
was run. They were the farmers ad common people.
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The Early Republic Republic
9-Rome was run by powerful
nobles called patricians (puh-Tri-shuhnz) .
Patricians were elected to office so the had
political power.
In times of great wars, the Romans chose dictators to run the city for
about six months.
10-Even though the Plebeians out numbered the
patricians, they could not take part in government.
Contrasting: How were the Patricians and Plebeians different?
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Essential Question:
How did Rome
become a dominate
power in the
Mediterranean?
Section 2 Government and Society
The Big Idea:
Rome’s tripartite government and written
laws helped create a stable society.
If you were there… You were elected as a government
official in Rome. Your duty is to represent the plebeians, the
common people. You have been elected for one year. You have one
very important power, you can stop laws being passed. New city
leaders are proposing a law that would hurt the plebeians. If you
stop the law it will hurt you in politics. If you let it pass it will hurt
the people you will represent. Will you let the law pass? Why or why
not?
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Aristocrats and tyrants ruled early Athens.
Athens created the world’s first democracy.
Ancient democracy was different then
modern democracy.
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Building Background Government in Rome is like a balancing
act. Political leaders had to make compromises, and anger other
officials, to make the people happy. To keep the government
from gaining too much power the power was divided between
many different officials.
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Roman Government
When the plebeians complained about the
government, the leaders knew they had to do
something to keep them happy or they would
overthrow the government. To please the
plebeians, some government positons were
created that could only be held by the plebeians.
As a result,
11- the government in Rome created a
tripartite (try-PHAR-tyt) government, or a
government in three parts.
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Roman Government-Tripartite- Three Parts
12-1. Magistrates- were the elected officials. The two most
powerful magistrates were called consuls. The consuls
were elected to lead the army.
12-2. Senate- was a council of wealthy and powerful
Romans that advised the cities leaders.
Members of the Senate held offices for life. Over time the Senate became
larger in number and overpowered the Magistrates. By 200 BC, the
Senate had great influence over Rome’s government.
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Roman Government-Tripartite- Three Parts
12-3. Assemblies and Tribunes

The assembly would elect the magistrates, who ran the city of
Rome.
Tribunes had the power to veto, or prohibit actions from other
officials.
To prevent them from abusing their power they had office for
only a year.
Civic Duty-People in Roman government had a civic duty, or people
participated in government because they felt they had the responsibility
to help Rome prosper, or grow and do well.
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13-Checks and Balances-Check and balances keep
any part of a government from becoming stronger
or more influential than the others.
Checks and balances restricted the powers of many officials,
such as the magistrates.
Reading Check: What are the three parts of the Roman government.
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Written Laws Keep Order
Many people complained that the laws were not written down.
As a result all of Rome’s laws were to be written down for
everybody to see. Rome’s first written laws were written on 12
bronze tables, or tablets.
14-The written laws, or 12 tables, were displayed in
the Forum, Rome’s public meeting place.
Reading Check: Drawing Inferences- Why did many people want a written code?
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The Roman Forum
The Roman Forum, the place where the Twelve Tables were kept,
was in the hart of the city of Rome. It was the site of important
government buildings and temples.
15-The Forum was a popular meeting place for
Roman citizens. People met there to shop and gossip.
The leaders used the forum as a speaking area,
delivering important speeches.
Reading Check: Generalizing-How was the Forum the heart of Roman society?
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Essential Question:
How did Rome
become a dominate
power in the
Mediterranean?
Section 3 The Late Republic
The Big Idea:
The later period of the Roman Republic
was marked by wars of expansion and
political crises.
If you were there… You are a farmer in Italy during the Roman
Republic. You are a proud Roman citizen, but times are hard. Rich land
owners are buying up the farms, and many farmers you know have lost their
jobs. Some are moving to the city, but you heard there are not many jobs
their either. You also heard a famous general is raising an army to fight Asia.
That seems far away, but it would mean good pay. Why might convince you
to join the army?
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The Geeks created myths to explain the
world.
Ancient Greek literature provides some of
the world’s greatest poems and stories.
Greek literature lives on and influences our
world even today.
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Building Background The Roman army played a vital part in the
expansion of the Republic. Roman soldiers were well trained and
defeated many of the cities enemies. As they did so, the Romans
took over new lands. As the army conquered these new lands,
traders moved in, seeking new products and markets that could
make them rich.
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Growth of Territory and Trade
The Roman army had conquered almost all of Italy within 200
years. Meanwhile Roman traders began shipping products
around the Mediterranean.
16-One of the reasons for the soldiers success was
because they were organized into legions, or groups
of about 6000 soldiers.
Reading Check: Generalizing-How was the Forum the heart of Roman society?
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Farming and Trade
The Roman farmers usually lived in the cities and paid someone
to farm their land. With the increase in population in the cities,
the farmers could not grow enough food to sell. Merchants
looked to buy crops outside in the Mediterranean. These
merchants brought metal goods and slaves to Rome. To pay for
these goods, Romans made coins out of copper, silver, and other
metals. Roman coins began to appear in other markets in the
Mediterranean.
Reading Check: Cause and Effect-Why did the Romans conquer their neighbors?
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The Punic Wars
The fiercest wars the Romans fought for territory were the Punic
Wars.
17-The Punic Wars were a series of wars against
Cartage, a city in Northern Africa.
Hannibal, led an army against the Romans in the second Punic
War. He took control of Carthage and was considered one of the
greatest generals of the ancient world. Later the Romans came
back and defeated Hannibal.
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Crisis Strikes the Republic
Tiberius and Gaius wanted to give back the lands taken from the
farmers by the wealthy citizens. His conflicts led to riots in which
Tiberius and Gaius were both killed. From this time on, people
saw violence as a political weapon. They often attacked leaders to
whom they disagreed.
Gaius Marius encouraged poor people to join the army, before
only people who owned property could serve the army.
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Lucius Cornelius Sulla fought the
Roman civil war with Marius. A
civil war is a war between citizens of
the same country. Sulla won the war
and later declared himself dictator.
He used his power to punish his
enemies.
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Crisis Strikes the Republic
18-Spartacus led the slaves to rise up for their
freedom. He led an army to free the slaves.
He later was killed in battle and the Romans executed
6,000 slaves in rebellion.
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The End
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