Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Section 1: The
Geography of Early China
Essential Question:
How do the people, events,
and ideas that shaped ancient
China continue to influence
the world?
The Big Idea:
Chinese civilization began with Shang
dynasty along the Huang He.
If you were there…You live along a broad river in China in about
1400 BC. Your grandfather is a farmer. He tells you wonderful stories about
the ancient king. Long ago, this legendary hero tamed the river’s raging
floods. He even created new rivers. Without him, no one could farm or live in
this and rich land.
Why is this legend important to your family?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Main Ideas
 China’s physical geography made farming possible but
travel and communication difficult.
 Civilization began in China along the Huang He and
Chang Jiang rivers.
 China’s first dynasties helped Chinese society
develop and made many achievements.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
China’s Physical Geography
China covers an area of over 4 square million miles. China is about the size
of the United States.
The Gobi desert separates China from its neighbors. There are mountains
in the western frontier.
In the southwest the Plateau of Tibet has several mountain peaks that
reach over 26,000 feet. The most important of these ranges is the Quinling
Shandi (CHIN-Ling-shahn-Dee). It separates northern China from Southern
China. Weather patterns vary in China. In the northeast, the climate is
cold and dry. Temperatures drop below 0 degrees. In the northwest,
deserts are very dry. But on the eastern plains of China, heavy rains fall.
Monsoons can bring as much as 250 inches of rain each year!
See the map on the next
slide.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
The River of China
The Huang He, or Yellow River
stretches over 3000 miles across
northern China.
Flooding from this river has cause
much destruction. To the south,
ChangJiang, or Yangzi River cuts
through central China. It’s the
longest river in Asia.
Reading Check: What geographical features made travel in China difficult?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Civilization Begins
Farming
People settled along China’s rivers. Just
in Ancient Egypt, The Yellow River and
Yangzi Rivers left fertile soil along the
river beds which was ideal for farming.
Famers grew rice and domesticated
animals such as pigs and sheep.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
China’s First Dynasties
As societies grew and become more complex, the first Chinese
civilization developed.
The Xia Dynasty, around 2200 B.C. Stories from the ancient Kings
showed how the ancient civilizations solved problems.
For example, creating waterways to aid in farming.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Shang Dynasty
The first dynasty with historical evidence was the Shang Dynasty.
The king ruled and the nobles served as the king’s advisors and
helped him rule. The social order was organized. The royal
family and nobles were at the top. The nobles and king passed on
their wealth to their children. Warrior leaders also had a high
rank in society.
Artisans lived outside the city walls. They made weapons, pottery,
tools, and clothing. Farmers ranked below the artisans, they
worked long hours and paid most of the taxes. Slaves were also
used to do much of the work during the Shang period.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Shang priests carved questions about the future on cattle bones
and turtle shells. They would heat them up and read the cracks.
Shang Priests believed that these heated cracks would predict
the future. The bones were called oracle bones because an
oracle is a prediction.
Artisans also made beautiful bronze containers for cooking and
religious ceremonies. They also made axes, bronze body armor,
and ornaments of jade.
Reading Check: Why were the contributions of the Shang Dynasty?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Section 2: The
Zhou Dynasty and New Ideas
Essential Question:
How do the people, events,
and ideas that shaped ancient
China continue to influence
the world?
The Big Idea:
The Zhou Dynasty brought political stability
and new ways to deal with political and social
changes in ancient China.
If you were there…You are a student of ancient Confucius. Like
many older Chinese, he thinks society has changed- and not for the better. He
believes in old values and strict social order. He is trying to teach you and
your fellow students how to behave properly. You must respect those who are
your superiors in society. You must set a good example for others.
How will his teachings affect your life?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Main Ideas
 The Zhou dynasty expanded China then declined.
 Confucius offered ideas to bring order to Chinese
society.
 Daoism and Legalism also gained followers.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Zhou Dynasty
In the 1100’s The Zhou Dynasty fought and overthrew the Shang
Dynasty. The Zhou king posses the mandate from heaven which
stated that heaven gave him the power to rule. The mandate of
heaven gave the Zhou ruler to conquer the Shang Dynasty. The
Zhou king granted land to people in return for loyalty and
military support.
The Zhou king gave land to the lords, or people of high rank.
The lords paid taxes and provided soldiers to the king when
needed.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
The peasants were the farmers.
Each peasant farmed a small plot of land. Each farmer had to
farm an additional plot of land for the noble.
The Decline Zhou Dynasty
The king’s armies began to mistrust the Zhou kings. When it
came time for battle they mistrusted their king. Their refusal to
protect their capital led to many civil wars. As the Zhou family
families and noble fought between one another, as a result they
lost power. This was known as the warring period.
Identifying Cause and Effect: How did the Zhou’s
decline affect Chinese society?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Confucius and Society
During the Zhou period thinkers came up
with ways to restore order in China.
Confucius was the most influential teacher in
China. Confucius was the title “Master
Kong.” Confucius felt China was overrun
with dishonesty and disorder. Confucius
believed that the Chinese people had to
return to ethics.
Ethics is moral values. The ideas of Confucius was known a
Confucianism.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Here are the main ideas of Confucianism: a few of the basic
guidelines to restore order in China:
 People should be respectful to one another.
 Leaders should be kind, and lead by example.
 Learning is a process that never ends.
 Heaven expects people to behave well and act morally.
 All family members should be loyal to one another.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Confucius traveled to many different regions, he became a
respected teacher. His ideas were passed down to his students and
later compiled in a book called the Analects.
Confucianism became a guiding force in human behavior and
religious understanding in China.
Over centuries these beliefs became the dominate beliefs in
China.
Reading Check: Who was Confucius and what were his beliefs on behavior?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Daoism and Legalism
Daoism (Dow-ih-zum) takes its meaning from Dao, meaning “the way.”
Daoism stressed living in harmony with the Dao, the guiding force
of reality.
Daoism was developed as a result of Confucianism. They believed
that the Dao gave birth to the Universe. They felt that the
government should stay out of people’s lives. They believed that
people should avoid interfering with the nature of each other. They
should be like water and let things flow the natural way.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Daoists believed the universe is a balance of opposites.
For example, male and female, light and dark, or low and high.
Opposite forces should be in harmony.
While Confucianism focused a persons attention on the human
world. Daoists paid more attention to the natural world. Daoists
regarded humans as part of nature, not better than any other
thing.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Legalism
Legalism, the belief that people bad by nature and needed to be
controlled,
Contrasted with Confucianism and Daoism. Legalism was a
political philosophy without religious concerns. Legalism felt
society needed strict laws to keep people in line and punishments
should fit the crimes.
For example, citizens should be held responsible for each others
conduct. A guilty persons relatives should also be punished.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
They wanted appointed officials to run China, not the nobles.
They urged China to always be prepared for war.
At the same time, Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism competed
for follows in China. The Legalists were the first to put their ideas
to work in China.
Reading Check: How did Daoism and Legalism differ in their theories
about government?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Section 3: The
Essential Question:
How do the people, events,
and ideas that shaped ancient
China continue to influence
the world?
Qin Dynasty
The Big Idea:
The Qin Dynasty unified China with a strong
government and a system of standardization.
If you were there…You are a scholar in China living around 210
BC. You have a large library of Chinese literature, poetry, and philosophy.
The new emperor is harsh and has no love for learning. He says you must
burn all your books that disagree with his ideas. This idea horrifies you. But if
you do not obey, the punishment may be severe.
Will you obey the order and burn your books? Why or why not?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Main Ideas
 The first Qin emperor created a strong but strict
government.
 A unified China was created through Qin policies
and achievements
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
The Qin Emperor’s Strong Government
Several states in China were battling
for power. The Qin Dynasty defeated
the opposing states with a powerful
army. Under the Qin dynasty China
was united under one government.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Shi Huangdi Takes the Throne
In 221 BC, the Qin king Ying Zheng succeeded in unifying China.
He renamed himself, Shi Huangdi (SHEE hwahng-dee), which means
“first emperor.” Shi Huanghi followed the Legalist political
views.
Shi Huanghi created a strong government with harsh
punishments.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Shi Huangdi (SHEE hwahng-dee), ordered the burning of all writings
that did not agree with Legalism. He only saved books on
farming, medicine, and predicting the future.
Shi Huangdi used his army to expand the empire. His
armies took control of the lands around both of China’s
major rivers. He advanced to the lands near the Gobi
desert. Shi Huangdi promised no more violence in the cities
he conquered. He destroyed the walls and weapons within
these cities.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
China Under the Qin
Shi Huangdi took all the land and power away from the lords. He
forced the nobles to move into the capital city so he could keep an
eye on them. Shi Huangdi forced man commoners to work on
government buildings, may workers faced years of hardship and
often death. To control China, Shi Huangdi divided the land into
districts, each with their own appointed official. This system help
Qin collect taxes and enforce a strict chain of command.
Reading Check: Summarizing-How did the Shi Huangdi strengthen government?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
A Unified China
Qin Policies
• Qin set up a unified system laws and punishments that would
be the same throughout the empire.
• Qin set up a unified written language.
• Qin set up a new money system. Standardized copper and
gold became the currency in all of China.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Qin Achievements
• Qin set up a network of roads and buildings. This connected the
capital city to every part of the country.
• Workers build systems of canals to improve the water system.
• To protect the country from invasion
Qin build the Great Wall of China. This wall was a barrier that
linked the earlier walls with China’s Northern frontier.
Rebel forces eventually invaded the country and claimed the Qin
capital. The Qin eventually surrendered.
Reading Check: What building projects did Emperor Qin create to unify
China?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Section 4: The
Essential Question:
How do the people, events,
and ideas that shaped ancient
China continue to influence
the world?
Han Dynasty
The Big Idea:
The Han Dynasty created a new form of
government that valued family, art, and
learning.
If you were there…You were a young Chinese student from a poor
family. Your family has worked hard to give you a good education so you can
get a government job and have a great future. Your friends laugh at you. They
say only boys from rich families get good jobs. They think its better to join the
army.
Will you take the exam to join the army? Why?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Main Ideas
 Han dynasty was government was based on the ideas
of Confucius.
 Family life was supported and strengthened in Han
China.
 The Han Dynasty made many achievements in art,
literature, and learning.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Han Dynasty Government
When the Qin Dynasty collapsed, around
207 BC, Liu Bang (lee-oo-bang) won control of
China. He became the first emperor of the
Han dynasty. Liu Bang wanted to free
people from harsh government. He lowered
taxes for farmers and made punishments
less severe. He relied on educated officials to
help him rule.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Family Life
The family once again became important to Chinese society. The
social classes were based on Confucianism:
•
•
•
•
The upper class was made up of the emperor
The second class was made up of the peasants
The third class was made up of the artisans
The fourth class was made up of the merchants
Peoples lifestyles varied according to their wealth. Not according to
their social class.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
The Revival of the Family
Children were taught to respect their elders.
To disobey a parent was a crime. The father was the head of the
family and had absolute power. Children were encouraged to serve
their parents. Boys were valued more than girls.
Why do you think Chinese society placed such
importance on the family?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Han Achievements
• Han artists became experts at figure painting, including portraits.
• Han China is known for its poetry. They developed the fu style,
which combined prose and poetry.
• Han Chinese invented paper.
• Han inventors created the sundial. The sundial told the time of day.
• Han inventors created the seismograph, a device the measures the
strength of an earthquake.
• Acupuncture or the practice of inserting needles through the skin to
relieve pain.
Reading Check: What advances did the Chinese make during the Han period?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Section 5:
Han Contracts With Other Cultures
Essential Question:
How do the people, events,
and ideas that shaped ancient
China continue to influence
the world?
The Big Idea:
Trade routes led to an exchange of new
products and ideas among China, Rome, and
other peoples.
If you were there:
You are a trader traveling along the Silk Road
to china. This is you first trip. You are traveling through many mountains,
deserts, and terrible weather. You expect to make a good profit from silk. You
are also curious about China and its people.
What do you expect to find in China?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Main Ideas
 Farming and manufacturing grew during the Han
dynasty.
 Trade routes linked China with the Middle East and
Rome.
 Buddhism came to China from India and gained
many followers.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Farming and Manufacturing
Chinese people became skilled iron workers. They manufacture
swords and suits of armor. They created an iron plow.
Chinese people created silk, a soft light, highly valued fabric.
They raised silk worms, and unwound
the silk threads from their cocoons. The
method of creating silk was a secret,
punishable by death.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Trading Routes
Chinese people traded pottery and silk to people outside of China.
Traders used a series of land routes to take Chinese goods to distant
buyers. This famous route was called the Silk Road.
The Silk Road was a 4000-mile network of routes stretched
westward from China across deserts and mountain ranges,
through the Middle East, until they reached the Mediterranean
Sea.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Buddhism Comes to China
When Chinese people came in contact with people from India.
Quickly Buddhism from India spread throughout China. Buddhism
provided the Chinese people with more hope than the traditional
Chinese beliefs. If offered a rebirth to suffering, this promise was
appealing to the Chinese people.
Buddhism was an example of diffusion, the spread of ideas from one
culture to another.
Reading Check: Why were Chinese people attracted to Buddhism?
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.
Great Wall of China
Common Core Standard: Reading Informational Texts R.I.8.2, Key Ideas and Details. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its
development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.