COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2,KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE
OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
1
Section 1: The
Geography of India
The Big Idea:
Indian ___________________________
______________on the Indus River.
If you were there…Your family are farmers in the Nile Valley.
Your people are nomadic herders in southern Asia about 1200. BC. You live in
the river valley with plenty of water and grass for your cattle, you spend your
time learning songs and myths from the elders. They say these words hold
your people’s history. One day, it will be your duty to teach them to your
children.
Why is it important to pass on these words?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
2
Building Background- Like
Mesopotamia and Egypt,
____________ was home to one of
the world’s first civilizations. Like
other early civilizations, the one in
India grew up in a
_____________________ . But the
society that eventually developed
in India was very different from
the ones developed elsewhere.
Ancient city discovered by archeologists in India.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
3
Section 1: The
Geography of India
_________ is located
in the continent we
call ______________.
It juts out from the
center of the southern
part of the continent.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
4
Landforms and Rivers
Geographers call India a subcontinent because it is so big.
A _____________________________ is a large land
mass that is smaller than a continent.
A subcontinent is usually separated by physical features such as
mountains. (see the map on slide 4)
Among the mountains od northern India are the Himalayas, the highest mountains
in the world. To the west are the __________________________________. It was
hard for invaders to cross these mountains to invaded India.
To the west of the Himalaya mountains was a vast desert. Much of the
other parts of India is covered in fertile plains and rugged plateaus.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
5
Climate
Most of India has a hot and humid climate.
The climate is heavily influenced by India’s
monsoons.
A _________________________ is a
seasonal wind pattern that cause
wet and dry seasons.
In the summer monsoon winds cause _____________________________from the
Indian Ocean causing terrible floods. Some parts of India receive 100-200 inches or
rain during that time. In the winter winds blow down from the mountains. These
winds create warm and dry winters.
Drawing Conclusions: How do you think the monsoons affected life in India?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
6
Harappan Civilization
Historians call the civilization that
grew up in the Indus Valley the
________________________ (huh-RApuhn) civilization. As _______________
and farming improved surpluses of
food were produced. Towns and
cities soon appeared in India.
A statue of a bull from the
Harappan culture
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
7
India’s First Cities
The Harappan civilization was
named after the modern city of
Harappa (huh-Ra-puh),
_______________________. The
greatest sources of information we
have about Harappan civilization are
the ruins of two large cities., Harappa
and Mohenjo (moh-HEN-jhoh Daroh.) These cities were 300 miles apart
but they were remarkably similar.
Mohenjo Daro-The City today
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
8
___________________ and
_____________________
(moh-HEN-jhoh Dar-oh)
were well planned cities.
Each stood near a towering
fortress. From these
fortresses defenders could
look down at the city and
see down the streets ,
storehouses, workshops,
market stalls, and houses.
Both cities had many public
wells.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
9
Harappan Achievements
Harappan civilization was very
advanced. Most houses had
_______________ and indoor
_____________________.
Artisans made excellent pottery,
jewelry, cotton clothing, and ivory
objects. They used high-quality tools
and a system of
_______________________ and weights.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
10
Harappans developed India’s ____________________________
___________________________.
However, scholars have not yet figured out how
to read this language. Historians think the
Harappan's had a king and a strong central
government, but they are not absolutely sure.
Harappan society ended in the 1700s BC. , but
no one knows why. Perhaps invaders or a
natural disaster destroyed their society.
A Harappan
Priest
Reading Check, Analyzing- Why don’t we
know much about Harappan civilization?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
11
Aryan Migration
Not long after the Harappan
civilization crumbled, a new
group arrived in the Indus
valley. They were called the
___________________. (AIR-eeuhnz.) They were originally
from an area near the Caspian
Sea in Central Asia. Over time
they became the dominate
group in India.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
12
Arrival and Spread
The Tree of Life- A fig tree.
The Aryans first arrived in the 2000s BC.
Historians believe they crossed into India
through the mountain passes in the northwest.
Over many centuries they spread east and south
into central India.
Much of what we know about Aryan society
comes from religious writings known as the
___________________(VAY-duhs). Vedas are a
collection of _______________, ______________
, __________________, and rituals written by
Aryan priests.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
13
Government and Society
As nomads, the Aryans took along their
herds of animals as they moved. But over
time they settled in villages and began to
farm. Unlike the Harappans, __________
___________________________________.
Unlike the Harappans, the Aryans lived
in small communities based on family
ties. No single ruling authority existed.
Instead each group had their own leader,
often a ____________________________.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
14
Aryan villages were ruled by ______________
(RAH-juhz).
Aryan warrior
A raja was a leader that ruled a village and the
land around it. Villagers farmed some of the
land for the raja. They used other sections of the
land for pastures for their cows, horses, sheep,
and goats.
Some rajas did not get along. They fought each
other. Other times they would join forces to
_________________________________________.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
15
Language
The first Aryans could not read or write. Because of this they had to
memorize poems, hymns, and other important works.
The language in which the Aryan’s __________________________________
__________________.The most important language in India.
First Sanskrit was a spoken language, soon afterwards it became a written
language as well. It became a major source of record keeping. Sanskrit is no
longer used today, but it was to root of many South Asian languages today.
Reading Check, Identifying- What source
provides much of the information we have
about the Aryans?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
16
Section 2: Origins of Hinduism
The Big Idea:
___________________, the largest religion in
India today, developed out of ancient Indian
beliefs and _________________________.
If you were there…Your family are skillful weavers who make beautiful
cotton cloth. You belong to the class of Aryan society who are traders, farmers, and
craftspeople. Often the raja of your town leads the warriors into battle. You admire
their bravery but you know you can never be one of them. children. To be an Aryan
warrior you must be born into that noble class. Instead you have your own duty to
carry out.
How do you feel about remaining a weaver?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
17
Indian Society Divides
As Aryan society becomes more
complex, the society became divided
into groups. These groups were
divided by a persons occupation or
job. ____________________ developed
about how these groups could
interact. As time passed these rules
became stricter and central to
________________________________.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
18
The Four Varnas
According to the Vedas, their were four main Varnas, or social divisions, I
Aryan society. These varnas were:




Brahmins ( BRAH-muhns), or the ____________________________,
Kshatriyas (KSH-tree-uhs), or the ____________________________or warriors,
Vaisyas (VYSH-yuhs), or ___________________, craftspeople, and traders and
Sudras (SOO-drahs), or ________________________ and non-Aryans
The Brahmins were seen as the highest ranking because they performed
__________________ for the gods.
(The next slide has a quick fact chart on the Varnas.)
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
19
The Varnas-Quick Facts
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
20
The Caste System
As the Aryan rules of interactions between the varnas become even more
stricter, Aryan society become more complex. In time the four Varnas were
divided into many castes or groups.
The ________________
system in India divided
society into groups based
on a person’s birth,
_______________, or
occupation.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
21
The caste system determined a persons ______________________________
_____________________________________.
The caste system was not permanent. For example, a person could gain
wealth and power and move up the caste system.
Both women and men belong to castes. Early in
the Aryan period women had the same rights as
men. They could own property and receive an
education. As time went on laws were passed to
limit these rights for women.
By the late Aryan period their was a group of people that did not belong to
any caste. This group was called the ______________________________.
They could only hold certain, often unpleasant jobs.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
22
Caste Rules
To keep the classes separated, or distinct, the Aryans developed
____________________, or guides which listed all the rules of the
caste system. For example, people could not marry anyone from a
different class. It was forbidden for people from different classes
to eat with one another. If you broke the rules, you could be
banned from your home or caste. Because of these rules people
spent time _____________________________________________
__________________________________.
Drawing Inferences: How did a person become a member of a class?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
23
Brahmanism
Religion was a very important of Aryan life.
Aryan priests were called _______________________. Their
religion was called ________________________________.
Vedas
Aryan religion was based on the four ______________
Each contained sacred hymns and poems. The oldest
passage called the Rigveda, was probably written before
1000 BC.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
24
Later Vedic Texts
Over the centuries the Aryan Brahmins wrote down their thoughts in the
Vedic texts. One collection of Vedic texts described ____________________
________________________. For example, it describes how sacrifices should
be preformed. Animals were place on a fire. The Aryans believed the fire
would carry their offerings to god.
Another text described the secret rituals
that only certain people cold perform.
Reading Check: What are the Vedic
texts?
Vedic texts
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
25
Hinduism Develops
Vedic texts became the __________________________________________for
centuries. Over time these texts began to blend together with other cultures.
People from Persia blended their religious ideas with India.
The blending of religion of India
and Persia eventually became
____________________, the
largest religion in India today.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
26
Hindu Beliefs
The Hindus believed in many gods. Among
them are three major gods: ____________ the
creator, _______________ the destroyer, and
_____________________ the preserver.
Hindus believed that each god was part of
single universal spirit called
________________________________.
Reading Check: Who were the three main Hindu gods?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
27
Life and Rebirth
According to the Hindu teachings, everyone has a
soul or atman inside them. This soul holds a
persons personality. It makes them who they are.
The Hindus also believed that after death
souls are born and reborn many times, each
time in a new body. This process is called
reincarnation.
Reading Check: According to the Hindu belief,
what happened to a person’s soul after death?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
28
The Impact Today
More than 800
million people in
India practice
Hinduism today!
Hinduism and the Caste System
According to the Hindu traditional view of
____________________________ , a person who has died is
reborn into a new physical form.
The type of form depends of
their_______________, the effects that good
or bad actions have on a person’s soul.
A Hindu temple of Kandraya, built in Central
India around 1000 A.D. The temple is covered in
carvings of Hindu gods.
A person with bad karma will be born ta lower
caste of life. In contrast, a person with good
Karma will be born into a higher caste in life.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
29
Hinduism taught that each person had a __________________,
or a set of spiritual duties to fulfill.
In order to be reincarnated, a person must fulfil their dharma.
Fulfilling one’s dharma, preserves a persons station in the caste system.
Another important idea of Hinduism is
______________ (uh HIM sah) or non-violence.
Hindus respected all living things, this is why they do not
eat meat.
Reading Check: Summarizing- What determined how a
person would be reborn?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
30
Groups React to Hinduism
Not everybody agreed with the beliefs of Hinduism. Other people looked for
new religious ideas. Two such groups were the _______________ (JYNZ)
believers in Jainism (JY-niz-uhm), and Skikhs (SEEKS), believed in Sikhism
(SEEK-izuhm).
Jainism
Jainism is based on the teachings of a man named _____________________,
who is believed to have been born around 599 BC.
His basic principles emphasize: injure no life, tell the truth, do not steal,
and own no property.
Jains practiced __________________________or avoidance of violent actions.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
31
Sikhism
____________________ has its roots in the teachings of the Guru Nanak,
who lived in the AD 1400’s.
Nanak blended the teachings Hinduism with the beliefs from Islam. Sikhs
believe _______________________________.The believe the ultimate goal is
to be reunited with god after death.
Reading Check: Finding the Main Idea- What
are the two religions that developed out of
Hinduism?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
32
The Practice of Hinduism
______________________________ teaches
that there is more than one path to truth.,
because of this belief Hinduism allows its
followers to worship in many ways. Many
Hindus know yoga.
_________________ is a system of special
breathing exercises that help free the soul
from man.
Yoga followers follow selfless deeds such as
giving to the poor.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
33
Section 3: Origins of Buddhism
The Big Idea:
________________________began in India
and became a major religion.
If you were there…You are a trader in Northern India about 520 BC. As
you pass through town you see a crowd of people sitting silently under a shaded tree. A
man standing at the foot of the tree begins to speak about how one ought to live. His
words were nothing like the Hindu priests.
Will you stay and listen? Why or why not?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
34
Siddhartha’s Search for Wisdom
In the late 500s BC, a man dissatisfied
with the __________________religion
began to ask his own questions about
life and religious matters. In time he
found answers. These answers attracted
many followers and started a new
religion in India.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
35
The Quest For Answers
The restless man as ______________________________________________
(si-DaHR-tuh GAU-tuh-muh). Sidharta was a prince grew up in great wealth and luxury.
Still he was unhappy with the problems his people faced and he searched
for answers. He felt something was missing in his life. Siddhartha wanted
to know why people had to work and suffer. He began to ask questions on
the meaning of human life. Before Siddhartha reached the age of 30, he
left his family to look for answers. This quest took him on a long journey
through India. Wherever he traveled he talked with the people and priests.
Yet no one could answer his questions on the meaning of life.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
36
The Buddha Finds Enlightenment
Siddhartha did not give up, he became more determined to find answers.
Siddhartha wanted to free himself of his daily needs.
Siddhartha started ______________________, or going without food. He
dedicated his time to________________________, or the focusing the mind
on spiritual ideas.
After wandering for seven years he meditated under a tree and the answers
to life came to him. This tree became known as the Tree of ______________.
Siddhartha's ideas were:
 Wanting what we like but do not have
 Wanting to keep what we like and already have, and
 Not wanting what we dislike but have.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
37
Impact of Today:
Buddhists from all over the
world still travel to India to
visit the Tree of Wisdom
and honor Buddha.
Siddhartha was about 35 years
old when he found enlightenment
under the tree.
From that point on, he be called the
_______________________ (Boo-duh), or
the “Enlightened One.”
For the rest of his life he would travel
across Northern _______________
teaching people his ideas.
Reading Check: What did Buddha conclude about the cause of suffering?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
38
Teachings of Buddhism
As Buddha traveled he gained many followers. He even taught his views to
a few kings.
The followers of Buddha were the first believers in ____________________,
a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.
Buddha was a Hindu, he
believed that people should
act __________________
and treat others well.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
39
The Four Noble Truths
1.
2.
3.
4.
At the heart of Buddha’s teachings were four guiding
principles. These became __________________________
____________________________:
No one can escape suffering and unhappiness, it is part of
human life.
People cause their own misery when the desire material goods.
People can overcome their desires and ignorance when they
reach ___________________ (nir-VAH-nuh), a state of perfect peace.
People can overcome ignorance and desire by following the eight
fold path that leads to wisdom, enlightenment, and salvation.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
40
Challenging Hindu Ideas
Some of Buddha’s teachings challenged the ideas
contained in the ___________, such as animal sacrifices.
The Buddha challenged the ideas from the Brahmin
priests. He said rituals were not necessary, it is the
responsibility of each individual to work to their own
salvation. He said people that fail to reach nirvana will
be ____________ over and over again until they reach it.
The Buddha were opposed to the ____________ system.
Everyone that follows the eight fold path will reach
nirvana, no matter what caste you belong to.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
41
Buddha’s support against the
caste system was supported
from the masses of people. It
made people feel they had the
________________________
________________________!
By the time of Buddha’s
death, around 483 BC, his
influence was spread
throughout India.
Reading Check: Comparing- How did Buddha's teachings agree withy Hinduism?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
42
Buddhism Spreads
Buddhism continued to __________________________after Buddha’s death.
After spreading to India, the religion began to spread to other areas as well.
Buddhism Spreads in India
After Buddha died his followers wanted to make sure his teachings were
remembered. In the years following his death his followers spread his
teachings throughout _________________. Within 200 years Buddha's
teachings were all throughout India.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
43
Buddhism Spreads Beyond India
Buddhism spread beyond India in the 200s BC after one
of the most powerful kings, _______________________,
became Buddhist. King Asoka built great Buddhist
temples and built schools throughout India.
King Asoka sent Buddhist missionaries became Buddhist. King Asoka built
great Buddhist temples and schools throughout India.
Asoka sent Buddhist_______________________________, or people who work
to spread their religious beliefs, to other kingdoms in India.
Many missionaries went to parts of Central Asia and Persia to spread the
teachings of Buddhism. Some missionaries went as far as Egypt.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
44
Buddhism eventually spread via the _________________________into
China, then to Korea, and Japan. Through their work missionaries taught
Buddhism to millions of people.
A Split Within Buddhism
As Buddhism spread not everyone could agree on the beliefs or practices. This
caused a split of Buddhism into two separate branches-__________________
and _______________________. The Theravada followed Buddha’s teachings
exactly as it said. The Mahayana followers followed an interpretation of
Buddha's beliefs.
Reading Check: Sequencing- How did the Buddhism spread from India to other parts of
Asia?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
45
Section 4: Empires of Ancient India
The Big Idea:
The rise of the _________________ Empire
had an affect on the people of India.
Around 321 B.C. a new ruler came into the throne of northeastern
India. The tiny kingdom had grown into the giant Maurya (MOWR-yuh)
Empire.
________________________________ (chun druh GUP tuh) Maurya
founded India’s Maurya Empire.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
46
The new ruler rose from a slave to rule the Maurya Empire. He often was
carried in a golden chair or sometimes he rode an elephant.
The Rise of the Maurya Empire
Chandragupta was guided by the basic belief in
________________________________________. He
commanded huge armies containing thousands of foot
soldiers. His soldiers were ready to enforce his laws. Under
Chandragupta, his empire enjoyed great economic success
in trade and farming. Near death, he left his throne to his
son. And became a monk, _________________ and praying.
Chandragupta’s leadership brought order and peace to his people.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
47
Asoka’s Leadership
Asoka was Chandragupta’s grandson. Leadership was passed down to Asoka
who built the __________________________________India had ever seen in
273 B.C. to his people.
The Battle of Kalinga
About 261 B.C. ,After the Battle of Kalinga, thousands of people died in
war. Asoka was filled with sorrow after the battle and he gave up his warlike
ways and violence. He freed prisoners and restored their land. Later he
changed his beliefs to ____________________________. He spread the word
of Buddhism throughout his empire.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
48
The Buddhist Ruler
Asoka followed the Buddhist teachings. He did not allo _________________
_________________________. He gave up hunting, the traditional sport of
Indian Kings. Instead he had hospitals built around the kingdom and he had
wells dug every mile. So no person or animal would go thirsty. He asked
people to honor their parents.
Asoka preached _______________________________, or the freedom from
prejudice. He practice religious tolerance to the Hindus. Eventually his
teachings spread to Korea and Japan.
Reading Check: How Asoka spread Buddhism?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
49
Coins
from the
Gupta
Empire
The Gupta Empire
After Asoka died, the Maurya Empire weakened and spit into smaller states.
For centuries India faced internal conflicts and foreign invasions. However
in A.D. 320, the ________________________________________rose to power.
Under the Gupta Empire, India enjoyed a rich culture. Indians invented the
techniques of painting cloth. Hindu scholars studied philosophy. They
studied Kalidasa (kah lee DAH suh), one of the greatest Indian writers of all
time.
Reading Check: How did learning advance under the Guptas?
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
50
Section 5: Indian Achievements
The Big Idea:
The people of ancient India made great
_____________________ to the arts and
sciences.
If You were there… You area traveler in Western India in a 300s. You are
visiting a cave temple is carved into a mountain cliff. Inside the cave is cool
and quiet. Huge columns rise all around you. You don’t feel you’re alone, for
the walls and ceilings are covered with paintings. They are filled with lively
scenes and figures. In the center is a large statue with, calm, peaceful
How does this make you feel?
features.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
51
Religious Art
Ancient Indian sculpture
The Indians created great works of art,
many of them religious. Many of their
paintings and sculptures illustrated either
______________ and __________________
teachings. Magnificent temples were built
in all around India. They remain some of
the most beautiful buildings in the world
today.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
52
Temples
Early Hindu Temples were small
stone structures. They had flat
roofs and contained only one or
two rooms. As temple
____________________ became
more complex, greater Temples
were built. Some Temples were
carved out mountainsides.
Temples were filled with
beautiful paintings and
sculptures. The most famous
temple is that _______________.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
53
Paintings and Sculpture
Most Indian paintings are clear and
colorful. Some of them show graceful
Indians wearing __________________
___________________ and stylish clothes.
Artists from India's major religions,
Hinduism and Buddhism, drew on their
beliefs to create their works. As a result,
many of the finest paintings and sculptures
of ancient India are found in Temples.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
54
Sanskrit Literature
_______________________________was the main
language of the people of ancient India.
Many works of Sanskrit literature were created
and later translated into many languages.
Religious Epics
One of greatest Sanskrit writings was the
religious epic, the ___________________________
(muh-MAH-yuh –nuh.) It is the story of the
struggle between two families for control of a
kingdom.
An ancient Indian epic
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
55
Scientific Advances
Indian scholars also made important achievements in
metalworking, math, and in the sciences.
Metalworking
Ancient Indians were pioneers of
___________________________ (MET-uhl-uhr-jee), the
science of working with metals.
Their knowledge allowed them to make high-quality
tools and weapons.
An ancient Indian coin
The Indians also knew processes for mixing metals to create
____________________, mixtures of two or more metals.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
56
Mathematics and Other Sciences
The numbers we use today are called
Hindu-Arabic
________________________ because
they were created by Hindu scholars
and brought to Europe.
Before we used Hindu-Arabic
numerals we used Roman
numerals.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
57
Ancient Indians were also skilled in the medical sciences. Early as the AD
100s, doctors were writing their knowledge down in textbooks. They
described how to make medicines from plants and minerals.
Indian doctors knew how to protect people against diseases. Indians
practiced inoculation (i-nah-kyuh-LAY-shuhn).
__________________________ was injecting
someone with a small dose of a virus to help
build up their defense for the disease.
Indian doctors would perform _____________________ to repair broken
bones or treat wounds.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
58
Ancient Indians were also interested in ____________________________,
the study of stars and planets.
Ancient Indians knew their were seven
planets in the solar system. They knew the
sun was a star and the planets revolved
around it. They knew the Earth was a
sphere and rotated on an axis. In addition
they could predict ___________________
in the sun and moon.
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
59
COMMON CORE STANDARD: READING INFORMATIONAL TEXTS R.I.8.2, KEY IDEAS AND DETAILS. DETERMINE A
CENTRAL IDEA OF A TEXT AND ANALYZE ITS DEVELOPMENT OVER THE COURSE OF THE TEXT, INCLUDING ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO SUPPORTING IDEAS; PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE SUMMARY OF THE TEXT.
60