“NEWSPACE” EMERGING PERSPECTIVES FOR EO AND
GI POLICY
Mukund Rao (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com)
&
K R Sridhara Murthy (krsmurthy09@gmail.com)
National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore, India
PRESENTATION AT
3RD MANFRED LACHS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
NEWSPACE COMMERCIALISATION AND THE LAW
MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL
March 16-17, 2015
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
•
EARTH OBSERVATION
• UN RS PRINCIPLES (1986)
•
RS FOR BENEFIT OF MANKIND – “OPEN SKIES” POLICY
•
ASSURED NON-DISCRIMINATORY ACCESS, SENSED STATE “RIGHTS”
•
FRAMEWORK OF COOPERATION AND SHARING
•
NATIONS HAVE POLICIES
•
POSITIONING
•GLOBAL AGREEMENTS AND FRAMEWORKS - TECHNICAL
•NATIONAL POLICIES DEFINED
•
GIS
•NO GLOBAL-AGREEMENTS OR POLICIES
•NATIONAL POLICIES FOR MAPPING AND GIS
•
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE PAST 20-30 YEARS HAVE CHANGED THE GLOBALPERCEPTION
•
LARGE NUMBER OF EO SATELLITES – GOVT + PRIVATE
•
HIGHRES IMAGES IN COMMERCIAL DOMAIN
•
POS SATELLITES – A KEY DATA
•
GI INDUSTRY – “SEAMLESS” GLOBAL SPATIAL INFORMATION
•
NEWER APPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC-GOOD AND COMMERCIAL
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
WORLD OVER GI
CONTENT FOCUS
PRECISE POSITIONING
SATELLITES
NOW …..
GI CONTENT/
APPLICATIONS
EO IMAGES –
SATELLITES/AERIAL
• GOVERNMENT
OWNERSHIP
AND
PRIVATE
• LAND, TERRAIN, WEATHER, CLIMATECHANGE
• WEB-SERVICES – MAPS AND APPS
• GLOBAL, COMMERCIAL
• GLOBAL, COMMERCIAL
• PRIVATE
OWNED
(GLOBAL) + GOVT
(NATIONAL)
• DATA ANALYTICS/FUSION
• 4-D GI CONTENT (X,Y,Z,T)
• CIVILIAN, COMMERCIAL, SECURITY
AND GLOBAL APPS
• “LAYERED” DATA-ANALYSIS
SERVICES
SERVICES
• CIVILIAN, COMMERCIAL, SECURITY
AND GLOBAL APPS
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
PARAMETER
THEN, ….. (SAY, IN 1980s)
NOW, …. (IN 2012)
EO SATELLITES & GIS
3-4 (FEW) NATIONS – GOVERNMENT ONLY
40+ NATIONS + PRIVATE SECTOR
IMAGE COVERAGE
NATIONAL/REGIONAL
GLOBAL
IMAGE RESOLUTIONS
UPTO ~10 M
<1M
GIS TECHNOLOGY
BASIC-LEVEL – JUST STARTED
HIGHLY ADVANCED - SERVICES
POSITIONING
CIVILIAN – COARSE; DEFENCE - PRECISE
HIGH PRECISION SERVICE; MULTI-SYSTEMS
MAPPING
MANUAL AND CUMBERSOME
DIGITAL, AUTOMATED AND ANALYTICS
GIS DATABASES
LOCAL/PROJECTS, MANLY GOVERNMENT
LARGE-AREA/NATIONAL/GLOBAL;
GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE, CITIZENEMBEDDED
GI DISSEMINATION
PAPER MAPS
DIGITAL ON WEB/MOBILE – DATA AND APPS
EASE OF ACCESS
DIFFICULT/LIMITED
EASY – WITH GLOBAL IMAGE/GIS PORTALS
COST
HIGH
STILL HIGH
GLOBAL HR IN GI
~IN THOUSANDS
IN MILLIONS
THREAT PERCEPTION
DEFENSE – “DENIAL”
DEFENCE; NATIONAL SECURITY; LEGAL REGISTRATION
USER-BASE
SMALL
LARGE; TOUCHES EVERYONE
SO, POLICY
RESTRICTED (DENIAL)
REGULATED …
4
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
“NEW” EO, POS AND GIS SYSTEMS – SOME EXAMPLES
GOVERNEMENTS:
LARGE CORPORATES:
• LANDSAT – USA
• DIGITALGLOBE - USA
• GPS - USA
• SKYBOX – USA
• IRS – INDIA
• PLANETLABS - USA
• IRNSS- INDIA
• URTHECAST – USA
• SPOT /PLEIADES- FRANCE
• ..
• RADARSAT – CANADA
• GOOGLE EARTH
• RAPIDEYE – EUROPE
• ESRI ARCGIS ONLINE
• GALILEO- EUROPE
• MAPMYINDIA – INDIA
• CHINA EO SATELLITES
• ONEMAP – SINGAPORE
• ..
• MICROSOFT - TERRASYSTEMS
• US NATIONAL MAP
• ONEMAP - SINGAPORE
5
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
GLOBAL SCENARIO OF EO and GIS
GOVERNEMENTS:
LARGE CORPORATES:
• Generate (National) Content
• Generating Global Content
• Serving Public/Merit Good
• Market driven
• EO and GI Sharing - cooperative
• EO and GI Global Service – Data
• Rights to Information
• Security Applications
• Public-Private Private Partnerships
• Public Finance and Technology
Investment
and Applications
• Large Investments –
Financial/Technology
• Market Pricing
• IPR
• R&D Investment
• Liability
• (IPR)
• (Profit-centric)
• (Cost Recovery)
6
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
EO POLICIES – MAJOR ISSUES
IMAGING CONTROL
OWNERSHIP OF SATELLITES?
• GOVERNMENT
INDIAN GOVERNMENT
• MULTI-LATERAL
FOREIGN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
• COMMERCIAL
DATA ACQUISITION
HOW ACQUIRED?
•GROUND STATION – CENTRALISED/LICENSED
•ON-BOARD STORAGE
DATA DISTRIBUTION
WHO DISTRIBUTES
•SATELLITE OWNER
•LICENSED DISTRIBUTOR
•RE-SELLER NETWORK
DISSEMINATION
HOW DISTRIBUTED
•ON-LINE ORDER/DISSEMINATION
UTILISATION
•NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
•PUBLIC-GOOD
•COMMERCIAL
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
EO POLICY – “RIGHTS” ISSUES …
•
“SOVEREIGNITY” - UN PRINCIPLES
• KNOWING WHERE (HIGHRES) IMAGING IS HAPPENING
• KNOWING WHO IS USING THOSE (HIGHRES) IMAGES
•
“RIGHT OF SENSED ENTITY” - OPERATORS MAY BE REQUIRED TO SHARE
SENSING AND USER INFORMATION
• “SHARE” IMAGES WITH SENSED STATE
• INFORMATION ON IMAGING, SALE, USERS ETC MAY BE INEVTIABLE –
ESPECIALLY CONSIDERING THE PRESENT SITUATIONS
•
“RIGHT TO INFORMATION” ISSUE (HAVING REGARD TO DOMESTIC LAWS )
• SOCIETY OR INDIVIDUALS
•
“SHUTTER CONTROL” – ALMOST A NON-ISSUE
• ON NATION-CONTROL SYSTEMS
• NOT ON FOREIGN IMAGING SYSTEMS
•
“NATIONAL REGULATIONS” FOR USE-CONTROL
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
GI POLICY – IMPORTANT ISSUES
• GI IS NOW OVER-ARCHING IMAGING, POSITIONING AND GEOSPATIAL
TECHNOLOGIES/APPLICATIONS
• “PUBLIC GOOD” VALUE OF GI IS HIGHLY RECOGNIZED BY NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT AND MULTI-LATERAL AGENCIES
• “MARKET GOOD” VALUE BEING INCREASINGLY RECOGNISED BY ENTERPRISES
AND SOCIETIES
• GI AVAILABILITY/ACCESS/SHARING ARE STILL BEING “GRAPPLED” WITH –
NATIONAL- AND GLOBAL-LEVEL
• “NATIONAL SECURITY/PROTECTION” OF GI IS IMPORTANT – INTELLIGENCE,
DEFENCE AND “RIGHT-USE”
• CRITICAL ISSUES – GI DATA PROTECTION, GI CONFIDENTIALITY/DATA PRIVACY, GI
LICENSING, GI CONSUMER PROTECTION , GI PRODUCT AND SERVICES LIABILITY,
IPR / COPYRIGHT RIGHTS, CENSORSHIP ….
• OVERARCHING GI POLICY FRAMEWORK RECOGNISED
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
• DENIAL IS NOT THE SOLUTION
• THERE ARE TOO MANY SOURCES FOR ACCESS
• MANY SOURCES NOT IN NATIONAL-CONTROL
USE(R)
• WHEN
GI AVAILABLE EASILY
NATION)
THE
ISELSEWHERE
THE KEY (OUTSIDE
ISSUE……
• SECURITY-PERCEPTION
CHANGES
(FOR WHAT? WHO?
HOW?
…..)
• GOOD REGULATION AND TECHNOLOGY USE CAN BE BEST SOLUTION
• ISOLATE MIS-USE
ISOLATE
THE USE – RIGHT-USE(R) AND WRONG-USE(R)
• TECHNOLOGIES TO TRACK/MONITOR/DETECT
• LOOK AT THREAT “DIFFERENTLY”
ENABLE AND CONTROL
ENABLE AND CONTROL
10
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
EXAMPLE …….. DEFINING INDIAN EO, POS AND GI POLICY
RIGHT-USE AND VALID USE
SUPPORT TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ESTABLISH ENABLING PROCESS FOR GI
ACTIVITIES (DOs AND DONTs)
NATIONAL GI POLICY
INTERNATIONAL
DIALOGUE FOR
EO, POS, GI
COORDINATION/
SHARING
STRONG
IMPLEMENTATI
ON
MECHANISM
COPYRIGH
T/ IPR
ISSUES
REVIEW/UPDATE (FREQUENTLY), INTEGRATE AND OVER-ARCH
NATIONAL
IMAGING
POLICY
NATIONAL
MAP
POLICY
AERIAL
SURVEY
GUIDELINE
SURVEY
GUIDELINES
WEB/PRINT/SHARI
NGPOLICY
ACCESS
TAXATION
ISSUES
FOR GI
INDUSTRY
11
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
….. INTERNATIONAL DEBATE - A HOLISTIC POLICY-TEMPLATE
• how to ensure that decision/governance process is supported by a
comprehensive, easy-to-use EO/POS/GI Decision Support System that
brings scientific, participatory and quality into decisions, planning and
development of every nation
• how to ensure that EO and GIS-Ready data are always easily available and
maintained/updated – by adding that critical capability differentiator over the
images and maps that have already been invested in
• how can each nation maintain a best-level of national capability in this
important technology area and leverage itself to also be in the fore-front of
benefitting from EO, POS and GI technology
“NEWSPACE” ACTION:
• CREATE A EO POLICY TEMPLATE + POS POLICY TEMPLATE + GIS POLICY
TEMPLATE
• STRONG INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION REGIME
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.
Thank you
This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS (mukund.k.rao@gmail.com) for presenting at 3rd Manfred Lachs International Conference on NewSpace Commercialisation and the Law
organised by McGill University at Montreal, Cabada during March 16-17, 2015 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from the author or McGill University.