Features of
Concise Narrated Animations
and
Concise Annotated Illustrations
Concise Narrated Animations (CNAs) – computer-based
Features
Descriptions
Multimedia Includes corresponding animation and narration rather than narration alone
Integrated
Corresponding animation and narration are presented simultaneously rather than successively
Concise
Extraneous words, pictures, and sounds are excluded rather than included
Channeled
Words are presented as speech rather than on-screen text (or both speech and on-screen text)
Structured
Includes series of narrated animation segments describing key steps in the process (for cause-andeffect material)
Concise Annotated Illustrations (CAIs) – book-based
Features
Descriptions
Multimedia Includes corresponding text and illustrations rather than text alone
Integrated
Corresponding text and illustrations are presented near rather than far from each other
Concise
Extraneous words and pictures are excluded rather than included
Structured
Includes series of annotated illustration frames describing key steps in the process (for cause-andeffect material
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From Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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