Hearing Conservation Program
University of Wisconsin-Platteville
Reviewed 4/2016
This written program complies with OSHA standard 29 CFR1910.95-Occupational Noise Exposure and
Department of Commerce Chapter 32.
General Information
Noise, or unwanted sound, is a by-product of many industrial processes. Sound consists of pressure
changes in a medium (usually air), caused by vibration or turbulence. These pressure changes produce
waves emanating away from the turbulent or vibrating source. Exposure to high levels of noise causes
hearing loss and may cause other harmful health effects as well. The extent of damage depends
primarily on the intensity of the noise and the duration of the exposure.
Occupational noise can cause hearing loss, and increase the worker’s susceptibility to other workplace
problems including physical and psychological disorders, interference with speech and communication,
and disruption of job performance associated with excessive noise intensities. This exposure to noise
produces hearing loss of a neural type involving injury to the inner ear hair cells. The loss of hearing
may be temporary or permanent. Brief exposure causes a temporary loss. Repeated exposure to high
noise levels will cause a permanent loss.
Permanent hearing loss is preventable with the continued use of proper hearing protection and
reduction of workplace noise levels to below 85 decibels. This will benefit not only employees who can
listen and communicated well throughout their lifetimes, but also helps the employer in terms of
reduced exposure to hearing loss compensation claims and a potential for increased general safety and
job performance.
Application
The OSHA Occupational Noise Exposure standard 29 CFR 1910.95 establishes a permissible exposure
limit (PEL) for occupational noise exposure, and requirements for audiometric testing, hearing
protection, and employee training if those sound levels are exceeded. This regulation defines an “action
level” (AL) as a “dose” of 50%, which is equivalent to an 8 hour time weighted average of 85 dBA. When
noise levels exceed this amount, an effective hearing conservation program is required, which includes
at a minimum:
1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Noise monitoring
Audiometric testing
Hearing protectors
Education and training
Recordkeeping
29 CFR 1910.95(d)(e)(f)
29 CFR 1910.95(h)
29 CFR 1910.95(i)(j)
29 CFR 1910.95(k)(l)
29 CFR 1910.95(m)
Noise Monitoring
Representative noise monitoring with a designed sampling strategy will be performed by the
Office of Safety and Risk Management to allow the identification of employees for inclusion in
the Hearing Conservation Program and to enable the proper selection of hearing protection.
The following shall be followed:
1. When information indicates that any employee’s exposure may equal or exceed an 8-hour timeweighted average of 85 decibels, the employer shall develop and implement a monitoring
program.
2. Employers shall identify employees for inclusion in the hearing conservation program and to
enable the proper selection of hearing protectors.
3. All continuous, intermittent and impulsive sound levels from 80 decibels to 130 decibels shall be
integrated into the noise measurements.
4. Instruments used to measure employee noise exposure shall be calibrated to ensure
measurement accuracy.
5. Employer shall identify employees for inclusion in the hearing conservation program and
to enable the proper selection of hearing protectors.
6. Employees exposed at or above the action level shall be notified of the results of the
monitoring.
7. Monitoring shall be repeated whenever a change in production, process, equipment or controls
increases noise exposures to the extent that:
a. Additional employees may be exposed at or above the action level; or
b. The attenuation provided by hearing protectors being used by employees may be
rendered inadequate to meet the requirements.
8. The employer shall notify each employee exposed at or above an 8- hour time weighted average
of 85 decibels of the results of the monitoring.
9. The employer shall provide affected employees or their representative’s with an opportunity to
observe any noise measurements conducted.
10. The results of the noise exposure measurements will be recorded on Form #1.
11. Employees' noise exposure shall be reassessed periodically as needed (i.e. following
changes in processes, job responsibilities, equipment or when a STS is determined).
2
Engineering and Administrative Controls of Noise Exposure
The technological and economic feasibility of engineering noise controls shall be determined on a case
by case basis in all work areas or job activities where employee noise exposure levels exceed an 8-hr
weighted-average noise exposure level of 90 dBA or impulse or impact noise exists whose peak sound
pressure level exceeds 140dB.
In cases where the application of relatively-simple noise control solutions will reduce the noise hazard to
the extent that the other elements of the hearing conservation program will no longer be necessary for
employees in these work areas, such controls shall be implemented. Employees shall be counseled
about the operation and maintenance of noise controls by their supervisor.
In cases where such simple noise control solutions do not exist and controls are not currently
technologically or economically feasible, the following procedures will be followed:
a. Noise control needs shall be prioritized by the Office of Safety and Risk Managment
b. The cost-effectiveness of various options shall be assessed
c. Employees and university management shall be informed of plans and timetables for noise
control measures and their advice and support requested
d. Selection of university engineering personnel or outside contractors to perform the work shall
occur when approved by the university.
e. Once implemented, noise control projects shall be monitored by Facilities Management.
Suppliers of noisy machinery and equipment shall be notified of the university’s noise reduction goals
and requested to supply, whenever possible, articles which comply with OSHA noise level criteria. This
function will be performed during the design of any new equipment and included in applicable
contracts.
Within the limitation of work schedules and employee training, feasible administrative noise controls
shall be considered. Where practical, overexposed employees shall be moved at appropriate intervals to
work areas or jobs which have acceptable noise levels in order to comply with exposure duration
specifications.
Audiometric Testing
Audiometric testing monitors an employee’s hearing over time. UW-Platteville has established and will
maintain an audiometric testing program by making audiometric testing available to all employees
whose exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels.
3
The program shall be provided at no cost to employees. All new employees, required to work in areas
with high noise levels, shall be given an audiometric test to establish a baseline hearing threshold levels
before being assigned to work in such areas. Before the baseline test, the employee is not to be
subjected to industrial or loud non-occupational type noise for a period of 14 hours.
Audiometric tests shall be performed by a licensed or certified audiologist, otolaryngologist, or other
physician, or by a technician who is certified by the Council of Accreditations in Occupational Hearing
Conservation, or who has satisfactorily demonstrated competence in administering audiometric
examination, obtaining valid audiograms, and properly using, maintaining and checking calibration and
proper functioning of the audiometers being used. A technician who operates microprocessor
audiometers does not need to be certified. A technician who performs audiometric tests must be
responsible to an audiologist, otolaryngologist or physician.
The audiometric testing program shall be under the supervision of an audiologist, otolaryngologist, or
physician with expertise in the area of hearing assessment and protection, who shall also function as the
professional reviewer of the audiogram performed as part for the university’s hearing conservation
program. The individual who conducts audiometric tests shall exhibit at least the minimum level of
training required by 29 CFR 1910.95 (g)(3). The successful completion of an audiometric technician
training course approved by the Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation will
satisfy this requirement. Audiometric technicians shall be retrained/recertified as necessary to comply
with CAOHC requirements.
All audiograms shall be administered using a properly-calibrated audiometer in a sound-treated room
with acceptable background sound levels during testing. The audiometer’s calibration status shall be
checked on each day of testing according to the requirements of 20 CFR 1910.95(h)(5)(I).
Each employee’s annual audiogram shall be compared to his or her baseline audiogram to determine if
the audiogram is valid and if a standard threshold shift has occurred. In making this comparison, the
technical or professional reviewer may take into consideration appropriate age corrections as defined in
the OSHA noise regulation. If a standard threshold shift is detected, follow-up steps as defined in 29 CFR
1910.95(g)(8) shall be implemented promptly in order to increase the degree of protection for the
affected employee. These steps include:
Supervisor’s Responsibilities:
a. Notification of the employee in writing within 21 days/
b. Fitting or refitting, as appropriate, of the employee’s hearing protectors,
c. Training or retraining, as appropriate, of the employee in the proper use and care fo
hearing protectors;
Should it be suspected through testing or upon diagnosis by the professional reviewer or another
medical professional that an employee has experienced an occupational hearing loss; the Office of
4
Safety and Risk Management and Workers Compensation Office shall be notified immediately so that
the occurrence of the occupational hearing loss may be recorded on OSHA Form 200.
Audiograms performed as a part of this program are the property of the university and shall be
controlled by the Office of Safety and Risk Management. All tests results shall be a part of employee’s
permanent medical files and shall not be released to anyone except employees or their representatives
without the documented consent of the employee in question.
The audiometric testing program, as defined in this section, will detect university employees who begin
to develop significant hearing impairment as result of on the job noise exposures; at the same time, it
will identify employees whose off the job noise exposures or personal medical or genetic conditions may
be producing hearing threshold changes. Appropriate counseling shall be provided to all employees
who exhibit significant hearing changes of any type. Medical or audiologic referral shall be made
whenever deemed appropriate by the audiometric technician, after consultation with the program
supervisor.
Baseline Audiogram
Within 6 months of an employee’s first exposure at or above the action level, the employer shall
establish a valid baseline audiogram against which subsequent audiograms can be compared.
Where mobile test vans are used to meet the audiometric testing obligation UW-Platteville shall obtain
a valid baseline audiogram within 1 year of an employee’s first exposure at or above the action level.
Where baseline audiograms are obtained more than 6 months after the employee’s first exposure at or
above the action level, employees shall wear hearing protection for any period exceeding 6 months after
first exposure until the baseline audiogram is obtained.
Testing to establish a baseline audiogram shall be preceded by at least 14 hours without exposure to
workplace noise. Hearing protectors may be used as a substitute for the requirement that baseline
audiograms be 14 hours without exposure to workplace noise.
The Office of Safety and Risk Management shall notify employees of the need to avoid high levels of
non-occupational noise exposure during the 14 hour period immediately preceding the audiometric
examination.
Annual audiogram
5
Audiograms will be conducted at least annually after obtaining the baseline audiogram for each
employee exposed at or above an 8-hour time weighted average of 85 decibels.
The Office of Safety and Risk Management will maintain a record of all employee audiometric test
records. This record will include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name and job classification of the employee
Date of the audiogram
The examiner’s name
Date of the last acoustic or exhaustive calibration of the audiometer.
Employee’s most recent noise exposure assessment.
Audiometric Evaluation
Each employee’s annual audiogram will be compared to his/her baseline audiogram by a qualified
evaluator to determine if a Standard Threshold Shift (STS) has occurred. This comparison may be done
by a technician. A Standard Threshold Shift is defined by OSHA as a change in hearing threshold relative
to the baseline of an average of 10dB or more at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz either ear. In determining if a
Standard Threshold Shift has occurred, an allowance can be made for the contribution of aging
(presbycusis).
The audiologist, otolaryngologist, or physician shall review problem audiograms and shall determine
whether there is a need for further evaluation. The employer shall provide to the person performing
this evaluation the following information:
a. A copy of the requirements for hearing conservation as set forth in the standard.
b. The baseline audiogram and most recent audiogram of the employee to be evaluated.
c. Measurement of background sound pressure levels in the audiometric test room as
required in Appendix D: Audiometric Test Rooms.
d. Records of audiometer calibrations.
If the annual audiogram shows that an employee has suffered a standard threshold shift, the employer
may obtain a retest within 30 days and consider the results of the retest as the annual audiogram.
Unless a physician determines that the standard threshold shift is not work related or aggravated by
occupational noise exposure, the employer shall ensure that the following steps are taken when a
standard threshold shift occurs:
Employees’ not using hearing protectors will be trained, fitted, and required to use
hearing protectors if they are exposed to an 8 hour TWA average sound level of 85
decibels or greater.
e. Employees already using hearing protectors shall be retrained, refitted, and required to
use hearing protectors and provided with hearing protectors offering greater
attenuation if necessary.
6
f.
The Office of Safety and Risk Management will inform the employee, in writing, within
21 days of this determination, of the existence of a permanent Standard Threshold Shift.
A copy of the STS letter will also be sent to the employee’s supervisor.
g. The Office of Safety and Risk Management will counsel the employee on the importance
of using hearing protectors and refer the employee for further clinical evaluation if
necessary.
2. Persistent significant threshold shifts must be entered on the OSHA 300 Log if determined to be
work related.
3. If subsequent audiometric testing of an employee whose exposure to noise is less than an 8hour TWA of 85 decibels indicates that a Standard Threshold Shift is not persistent, the Office of
Safety and Risk Management:
a. Shall inform the employee of the new audiometric interpretation.
b. May discontinue the required use of hearing protectors for that employee.
Personal Hearing Protection
The proper, consistent wearing of hearing protectors shall be required whenever an employee is
exposed to noise above an 8-hour time-weighted average noise exposure level of 85dBA and shall be a
condition of employment. Some examples of hearing protection on campus include various types of
earplugs including reusable and non reusable and ear muffs. Failure of an employee to properly wear
hearing protection may result in disciplinary action.
Department supervisors shall ensure that hearing protectors are worn:
1. By any employee who is subjected to sound levels equal to or exceeding an 8-hour TWA of 90
decibels.
2. By any employee who has experienced a persistent Standard Threshold Shift and who is exposed
to 8-hour TWA of 85 decibels or greater:
3. By any employee who has not had an initial baseline audiogram and who is exposed to 80 hours
TWA of 85 decibels or greater.
Employees will be given the opportunity to select their hearing protectors from a variety of suitable
hearing protectors at no cost to them.
The Office of Safety and Risk Management will provide training in the use and care of all hearing
protectors
The Office of Safety and Risk Management will ensure proper initial fitting and supervise the correct use
of all hearing protectors. Employees will be held accountable for not properly using and maintaining the
equipment furnished.
7
The Office of Safety and Risk Management Department will evaluate the attenuation characteristics of
the hearing protectors to ensure that a given protector will reduce the individual’s exposure to the
required decibels.
1. If the 8 hour TWA is over 85 decibels, then the protector must attenuate the exposure to at
least an 8-hour TWA of 85 decibels or below.
2. If the protector is being worn because the employee experienced a Standard Threshold Shift,
then the protector must attenuate the exposure to an 8-hour TWA of 85 decibels or below.
3. If employee noise exposures increases to the extent that the hearing protectors provided may
no longer provide adequate attenuation, the employee will be provided more effective hearing
protectors.
It is the responsibility of the supervisor to ensure that hearing protectors are worn by all employees who
are exposed to noise levels at or above an 8-hour TWA of 85 decibels or if the employee experienced a
permanent STS or has not yet had a baseline audiogram.
Employee Training
Employees, included in the hearing conservation program shall be trained annually in hearing
conservation. The training program shall consist of a presentation that informs each employee of the
following items, as required by 29 CFR 1910.95.
1. The effects of noise on hearing
2. The purpose of hearing protectors; the advantages, disadvantages, and attenuation of various
type; and instructions on selection, fitting, use, and care of hearing protectors
3. The advantages and disadvantages of various types of hearing protectors
4. Selection, fit and care of protectors
5. The purpose of audiometric testing, and an explanation of the test procedures and typical
findings.
6. A copy of 29 CFR 1910.95 is included as Appendix B
During training, this policy on the use of hearing protective devices shall be explained. Employees shall
be encouraged to ask questions about their involvement in the hearing conservation program.
Recordkeeping
Noise exposure measurement records will be retained for 2 years. Audiometric test records will be
retained for the duration of the affected workers employment plus 30 years.
Access to records: All records required by this section shall be provided upon request to employees,
former employees, representatives designated by the individual employee.
8