Higher Education in Andalusia at a Time of Crisis
An Opportunity for Regional Development
Copenhague, 29 June 2009 - OECD
1
Index
1. Andalucía: a Regional University System
2. The Crisis: Impact, Challenges and Opportunities
3. Looking for a Way Out
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Index
1. Andalucía: a Regional University System
2. The Crisis: Impact, Challenges and Opportunities
3. Looking for a Way Out
3
1. Andalucía
The Region
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1. Andalucía
Some Relevant Figures (IEA 2007)
A brief look at basic figures shows a “country size” region with a growing economy
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Population
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Andalucía: 8.059.461 inhabitants: 50.37% female
Spain: 45.200.737 inhabitants, 50.57% female
Denmark: 5.447.084 inhabitants, 50.49% female
EU: 495.854.635 inhabitants, 51.18% female
Andalucía is 17.8% Spain, 147.95% Denmark population, 1.62% EU
Area
8 provinces: 87 598 km2 and 873 km coastline
Huelva-Almería, 482 km vs. Huelva-Madrid, 635 km
Spain: 505 990 km2; Denmark: 43 098 km2; EU: 4.303.404 km2
Andalucía is 16,7% Spain, 203% Denmark and 2.03% UE territory
Economy
Cohesion Policy framework: Andalucía is a Convergence Region
2008 GDP: 149.909.933 €. A 13,7% national GDP
Economic Sectors rates for GAV & employment : Service, 60%;
Industrial, 15%/11%; Construction, 12%/15%; Agriculture: 10%
R&D Investment Policy: 0.89% Andalusian Budget (0.36% in 1997)
vs. 1.2% National rate. 1987-2006 annual investment increase: 13.7%
in Andalucia, 11.9 % as national average increase
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Understanding the characteristics of Andalucia Region is of major importance
to assess the impact of and the proper initiatives to be taken to address the present economic crisis
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1. Andalucía
Higher Education System
In Spain , the Higher Education system is composed of Universities, Higher
Vocational Training Schools and Superior Dramatic and Musical Schools.
Nevertheless, this paper is solely concerned with Andalusian Universities.
Universitiy Landscape
10 Public Universities forming the Andalusian University System (AUS)*
1 Private University has been authorised, not already in existence
University of Sevilla (1505) - US
University of Huelva (1993) - UHU
University of Granada (1512) - UGR
University of Almería (1993) - UAL
University Málaga (1968) - UMA
University of Jaén (1993) - UJA
University of Córdoba (1972) - UCO
International University of Andalucia (1994) - UNIA
University of Cádiz (1979) - UCA
University Pablo de Olavide (1997) - UPO
(*) There is a common entrance system to the AUS: any student, passing entrance exams in Andalusia, may apply to any
of the AUS institutions, in a preferential way compared to students from outside the Andalusian Education System.
Previously, every university was forced to select the students from the closest area with preference to any other student.
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1. Andalucía
Some Figures about the AUS
Total Public Expense for Universities (2007): 1 291 mill €
Total 10 Andalusian Universities Budget: 1 747 mill €
Advanced Public Budget for Universities (2008): 1 490 mill. €
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•
•
•
•
•
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Students
Faculty Members
2008
2008
% Female
859
1.637
1.369
3.682
897
1.129
2.208
825
4.242
36,79
31,46
31,19
35,01
37,46
37,29
34,28
39,27
33,24
% Female
58,94
55,97
53,65
55,88
55,38
54,07
55,64
58,59
53.35
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UAL
UCA
UCO
UGR
UHU
UJA
UMA
UPO
USE
• ANDA. 228.654 55,16
• SPAIN 1.396.607 54,31
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ANDA.16.848
SPAIN 98.304
UAL
UCA
UCO
UGR
UHU
UJA
UMA
UPO
USE
11.307
19.544
17.679
56.091
10.102
14.515
33.423
8.567
57.426
34,40
36,40
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1. Andalucía
Financial Agreement between the Regional Government and the Universities
A financial model was agreed by the CAU* for the period 2007-2011, based on:
- University performance
- Shared private and public financing
Financial terms and conditions
Terms and Conditions
1.5% regional GDP ceiling to be attained by 2011
2007 outcomes
1.25% Regional GDP
(1.4% 2008)
70% - 30% public and private University income
73.89% - 26.11%
III Infrastructure Investment Plan
The financial agreement signed, the financial terms are not supposed to be exposed to the
economic crisis, before the terms and conditions are re-negotiated by 2011.
(*) CAU: Consejo Andaluz de Universidades or Andalusian University Council, which is composed by the Regional Ministry
of Innovation, Science and Enterprise, the 10 Universities, the 10 Social Councils of Universities, the Regional Education
Council, and 5 members elected in Parliament.
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Index
1. Andalucía: a Regional University System
2. The Crisis: Impact, Challenges and Opportunities
3. A Lifelong Learning Era: the Way Out of the Crisis
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2. The Crisis
Impact on employment
Economic crisis has a severe impact on employment in Andalucía given the
dominance of the construction and tourism sectors in the region’s economy.
Spain
Andalucía
Dec 2006
Mar 2009
Var.
Dec 2006
Mar 2009
Var.
Unemployment rate (%)
8.30
17.36
+9.06
12.22
24.04
+11.82
Unemployment rate (Male, %)
6.06
16.86
+10.8
8.71
22.50
+13.79
Unemployment rate (Female, %)
11.36
18.01
+6.65
17.54
26.15
+8.61
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2. The Crisis
Impact on Public Budget
The Regional Budget amounts to 33.8 billion € in 2009, from which 2.6 for the
Regional Ministry in charge of Universities and Innovation.
Budget increase rate vs. inflation
Increase Rate
25
10,50
20
11,6
15
9,5
10
5
4,2
0
5,6
1,4
-0,10
-5
2007
2008
2009
Year
Inflation
Regional Government
Regional Ministry
University, Research and Innovation policy have not been affected, up to day, by a severe funding
shortcut. A slower growth pattern is shown, which illustrates a political commitment to a new
economic structure design –based on Innovation and Education- for the Region.
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2. The Crisis
Challenges
These are the challenges defined by new Government, connected to the crisis.
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3
Leading Policy:
Foundation to an
entrepreneurship, tolerant
and prosper society
The way to upgrade
the economic structure
of Andalucía through
efficiency and creativity
Education
Innovation
Key Economic
Sectors
Social
Cohesion
Biotech, Renewable
Energy Sources, Food,
Tourism, Aeronautic,
Communication Tech.
The EU Social Model is
promoted through a
higher education level in
a more innovative society
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4
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2. The Crisis
Opportunities
1
2
Universities
The Research and Higher
Education needs to increase
at a crisis time to build up a
more sustainable and
economic model
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Economic Structure
Growth model based on
traditional Rural Economy,
Tourism and Construction
Sector. New Sectors to be
explored
Short Term: Lifelong
Learning Opportunities
and Applied Research
Challenges
Mid term: More education
and research will renew
the economic growth
pattern in the Region
New Role for Universities
in Regional Development
Added Value Economy
through Innovation
Society
Welfare Society, with a high
educational attainment and
social services, based on
new technologies and
innovation
Long term: Establishing a
golden triangle Higher
Education, Innovation
and Welfare
A Knowledge Society
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Index
1. Andalucía: a Regional University System
2. The Crisis Impact: Challenges and Opportunities
3. Looking for a Way Out
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3. Looking for a Way Out
Actors and Actions
OECD/IHME Review
Regional Ministry
Universities
Regional Stakeholders
Lifelong Learning Era
Financial Commitments
Universities
Regional Stakeholders
Regional Ministry
National and Regional
Governments
Universities
Regional Stakeholders
Innovation Review
Regional Ministry
Technological Centers
Regional Stakeholders
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3. Looking for the Way Out
Forging alliances
Regional Government Commitment in OECD/IHME Review
Clear understanding of the objectives of the process
Consequential results
Forging Alliances Process
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3. Looking for the Way Out
Financial Commitments
2010 Public funding guaranteed
Private funding competition
A sensible balance between income and audience
Extending access to University, upgrading the economy structure
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3. Looking for the Way Out
Innovation Review
LEED Program Review
Innovation and Internationalization of local and regional economy
Strengthen of HEIS-local companies relationship for Innovation
Expertise and entrepreneurship in the Regional System of Innovation
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3. Looking for the Way Out
Lifelong Learning
New Design of Graduate and Postgraduate Curricula
Lifelong Learning
A new social role for Universities
Universities are building up internal financial partnerships
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3. Looking for a Way Out
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Crisis is a time for action, preceded by careful analysis.
All stakeholders must be involved in both process, so consensus and commitment be assured.
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
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3. Looking for a Way Out
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
Strengths
• Regional Ministry for Innovation, Science and Enterprise
• Andalusian Public University System – AUPA
• Historical Dialogue Process between both
• Active attitude on the Regional Ministry side
• Small ratio of private funding (<25%)
• Scarce public funding for student grants, although growing
• Limited innovation in small companies
• Rigid University legislation concerning programme offer
Opportunities
Weaknesses
• Non-active population: target group for Universities
• Universities to regain social role as economy engine
• New awareness of the importance of Higher Studies
• Reduced public funding for education
• Loss of confidence in partnerships between HEIs and
companies
Threats
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Thank You
Eulalia W. Petit de Gabriel
eulalia.petit.ext@juntadeandalucia.es
Regional Coordinator, Government of Andalucía – SPAIN (EU)
Higher Education Institutions in Regional and City Development, IHME, OECD
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