GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN
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GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN Pierre UNGEMACH and Miklos ANTICS GEOPRODUCTION CONSULTANTS (GPC) Paris Nord 2, 14 rue de la Perdrix, Lot 109, B.P. 50030 95946 ROISSY CDG CEDEX, France e-mail : pierre.ungemach@geoproduction.fr , m.antics@geoproduction.fr GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SCOPE • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. • INTRODUCTION HISTORICAL OVERVIEW RESOURCE AND RESERVOIR SETTING DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND MILESTONES TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK OPERATION AND MAITENANCE RISK ASSESSMENT RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT / ENGINEERING / SIMULATION SUSTAINABILITY CONCLUSIONS GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW TIME SCALE MILESTONES HYDROCARBON EXPRO 1950 DRILLING CORING LOGGING RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT TESTING (DST) SAMPLING First district heating doublet 1970 First Oil Shock RISK ANALYSIS FEASIBILITY WELL DELIVERABILITIES PRODUCTION DESIGN FIELD DEVELOPMENT 1975 LEGAL/ INSTITUTIONAL FINANCING INCENTIVES BACKUP Completion of three doublets ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Enforcement of the Geothermal Act (Mining Law) Second Oil Shock State supported incentives 1985 INCENTIVES BACKUP Geothermal Act (Mining Law) GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN Second Oil Shock State supported incentives 1985 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW End of field development (52 doublets completed) 1990 MONITORING SURVEILLANCE CASING CONTROL DAMAGE DIAGNOSIS TRACER LEAK OFF TESTS WELL WORKOVER CORROSION/SCALING ABATEMENT RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT UPDATE EXPLOITATION RECORDS Issuing of a comprehensive reservoir assessment Debt renegotiation First ATI installation Implementation of the workover waste processing line Completion of the new anticorrosion production well. Implementation of the triplet concept DATABASE PRODUCTION MODEL PROCESSING F i r s t c o m b i n e d gas/cogeneration heating plant RISK (RE)ASSESSMENT 2000 10 year extension of mutual insurance contracts WELL LIFE SYSTEM LIFE ECONOMIC VIABILITY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS SOCIAL IMAGE FISCAL INCENTIVES 2005 C o m p le t i o n o f t h e 1 7 cogeneration plant RESERVOIR LIFE SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS th 34 district heating doublets in operation Design of future heat mining schemes GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESOURCE AND RESERVOIR SETTING GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND MILESTONES LOCATION OF GEOTHERMAL DISTRIC HEATING DOUBLETS GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND MILESTONES TARGETED, ACHIEVED, FORECASTED OBJECTIVES Operating doublets Total installed capacity (MWt) Produced heat (GWht/yr) Unit capacity (MWt) Unit yield (MWht/yr) Artificial lift wells Self-flowing wells Target (1985) 55 360 2,000 6.5 36,000 49 6 Achieved Forecast 1990 2000 2006 43 34 34 260 227 200 1,455 1,240 1,000 6.0 6.7 5.9 33,800 36,200 30,000 36 27 22 7 7 12 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK (1) THE GEOTHERMAL WELL DOUBLET OF HEAT MINING HX A B IP WH A WH C PP UPPER CRETACEUS 55° LOWER CRETACEUS PW IW 30° 30° IW LUSITANIAN UPPER JURASSIC MID JURASSIC DOGGER GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR 1400-1700m 900-1400m A - two vertical wells B - 1 vertical, 1 deviated C - two deviated wells PP IP HX PW IW WH production pump injection pump heat exchanger production well injection well wellhead GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN TECHNOLOGY OUTLOOK (2) EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE AND LIFETIME RECORD ITEM WELLS XTREE VALVES LIFE (yrs) 20-25 5 PRODUCTION PUMPS ESP HTP 4-5 5-8 INJECTION PUMP 10 PRODUCTION TUBING 6-8 DOWNHOLE CHEMICAL INJECTION LINE 5-8 PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER 10-15 FREQUENCY CONVERTER 15 SURFACE PIPING 15-20 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN THERMOCHEMICAL SHORTCOMINGS CORROSION AND SCALING DRIVING MECHANISMS OF CASING DAMAGE AQUEOS CO2/H2S ENVIRONMENT Chemical reaction: Na+ Cl- Steel casing CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Ca++ Mg++ 2H2CO3 2H+ + 2HCO3Fe2+ + 2HCO3- + 2H+ 2H+ + Fe(HCO) 2 soluble Fe++ H2S + H2O H+ + HS- + H2O 2+ Fe° 2e- - Fe Fe + 2e H+ 2+ - Fe + HS FeS + H + Corrosion induced and native FeS Fe++ ANODE HSFeS HCO3H+ CAT HODE HS- 2 H+ + 2e- H2 for pH = 6 H2S + H2O + CO2 + Fe2+ (native) UPW ARD FLOW DIRECT ION Iron sulphide particles removed from casing wall and/or produced by soluble ions GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN WELL DRILLING/COMPLETION ANTI-CORROSION PRODUCTION WELL DESIGN expansion spool free annulus seat fiberglass casing cement centralizers steel casing reservoir GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN THERMOCHEMICAL SHORTCOMINGS CORROSION AND SCALING DOWNHOLE CHEMICAL INJECTION LINES SETUPS IN ARTIFICIAL LIFT WELLS GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (1) MONITORING/SURVEILLANCE OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES • • • • • • • • • geothermal fluid loop parameters well deliverabilities pump and frequency converter characteristics inhibitor efficiencies inhibition equipment integrity well head integrity surface piping control casing inspection GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (2) WELL WORKOVER CORROSION AND SCALING ABATEMENT • WELL WORKOVER • • • • casing clean up lining of damaged tubulars fishing reservoir stimulation • CORROSION AND SCALING ABATEMENT • downhole chemical inhibition lines • corrosion, scaling, microbiological inhibitors GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (3) DOGGER DATABASE • • Hosted on ORACLE platform Data instructed locally via ACCESS interface GLOSSARY PARAMETERS DATA ARCHIVE GENERAL INFORMATION INTERVENING PARTIES HEAT PLANT EQUIPMENT DICTIONARY EVENTS INJECTION EAUIPMENT PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT GEOTHERMAL SITE CALIBRATION THERMOCHEMICAL MONITORING HEAT PLANT EXPLOITATION PRODUCTION FIGURES WELL CASING ELEMENT RESERVOIR PROPERTIES INJECTION FIGURES BUBBLE POINT CORROSION TREATMENT CORROSION CASING CONTROL GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RISK ASSESSMENT • Exploration (mining, geological) • Exploitation (technical, managerial) • Economic/financial (market, institutional, managerial) • Social acceptance (image) GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN INTEGRATED GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT EXTERNALITIES RESERVOIR ENGINEERING RESERVOIR/ SYSTEM LIFE SUSTAINABILITY ECONOMICS OFFER DEMAND Recoverable Heat DEVELOPMENT/ MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Existing/potential heat loads PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY RISK ASSESSMENT Non Technical Obstacles ECONOMIC/ FINANCIAL/ INSTITUTIONAL/ ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESERVOIR ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT OF RESERVOIR STRUCTURE CR CR BR BR BR b. Three layered reservoir c. Sandwiched reservoir d. Single layer equivalent CR 40% 1 1 15% 2 23.5% 10% 4% DEPTH 2 4 4% 2 3 5 13.5% 18% 4 3 5 5% 100 3 DEPTH 34.5% 30.5% 1 100 %FLOW %FLOW Injection well Production well a. Flowmeter logging RESERVOIR CR CAPROCK IMPERVIOUS LAYER BR BEDROCK GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESERVOIR ENGINEERING. RESERVOIR LAYER STACKING GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESERVOIR ENGINEERING. TEMPERATURE DECLINE AT PRODUCTION WELL VS. RESERVOIR EQUIVALENTS Time, years 0 10 20 30 0 1 2 3 Temperature depletion, °C 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Single layer equivalent reservoir 2D Reservoir Three layered model. Reservoir 1 (top) Three layered model. Reservoir 2 (int.) Three layered model. Reservoir 3 (bot) Sandwiched Model. Top reservoir Sandwiched model. Bottom reservoir 40 50 60 70 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESERVOIR ENGINEERING RESERVOIR SIMULATION • CORE • Calibrated regional model, online with the Dogger database, operated as a reservoir management tool • MODELLING STRATEGIES • Regional. Overall reservoir • Subregional. Multidoublet areas • Local. Single doublet systems • OBJECTIVES • • • • Reservoir life Hydrodynamic interferences Solute transport Sustainability assessments GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESERVOIR SIMULATION SUB REGIONAL DOMAIN TRANSMISSIVITY AND INITIAL PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IVRY 78°C CACHAN-NORD 76°C 74°C 72°C 70°C 68°C CACHAN-SUD 66°C 64°C CHEVILLY-LARUE 62°C L'HAY LES ROSES 60°C 58°C THIAIS 56°C FRESNES ORLY 1 ORLY 2 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESERVOIR SIMULATION SUB REGIONAL DOMAIN TEMPERATURE PATTERNS (YEAR 2005) 11000 10500 10000 9500 9000 8500 10 8000 9 GCA-1 7500 8 7000 6500 7 GCA-2 6000 6 5500 GCA-3 GCA-4 5 5000 GCHL-1 4 4500 GHLR-1 4000 3 GHLR-2 3500 GTHI-1 GFR-2 3000 GCHL-2 GFR-1 2 1 2500 GTHI-2 0 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Puits de production Puits d'injection 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN RESERVOIR SIMULATION SUB REGIONAL DOMAIN TEMPERATURE PATTERNS (YEAR 2030) 11000 10500 10000 9500 9000 10 8500 9 8000 GCA-1 7500 8 7000 7 6500 GCA-2 6 6000 5500 5 GCA-3 GCA-4 5000 GCHL-1 4 4500 GHLR-1 4000 3 GHLR-2 3500 GTHI-1 GCHL-2 GFR-2 3000 GFR-1 2 1 2500 GTHI-2 2000 0 1500 1000 500 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Puits de production Puits d'injection 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT SIMULATED SCENARIOS • WORKING ASSUMPTIONS. DESIGN FEATURES • • • • Single/multiple well doublet/triplet heat mining arrays Homogeneus/heterogeneus reservoir settings Well life = 20 – 25 yrs Reservoir life = 20 – 30 yrs (doublet/triplet thermal breakthrough time) • Well spacing = 1000 – 1500 m • Heat mining schemes/schedules • Existing doublet: 0-25 years • Mixed well triplet array: 25-50 years • New well doublet: 50-75 years • DESIGN OBJECTIVE • Avoid undue premature cooling of producing wells • Achieve a minimum 75 years reservoir life GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT SIMULATED SCENARIOS THE MULTIDOUBLET/HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIR CASE. SIMULATED AREA GARGES LES GONESSES 78°C 76°C 74°C GBMN4 (I) 72°C LE BLANC MESNIL AULNAY-SOUS-BOIS-RDV 70°C AULNAY-SOUS-BOIS-VGS 68°C GBMN3 (P) 66°C VILLENEUVE LA GARENNE 64°C GLCN3 (P) 62°C GLCS4 (I) 60°C LA COURNEUVE NORD GLCN4 (I) LA COURNEUVE GLCS3 SUD (P) 58°C SEVRAN 56°C BONDY CLICHY-SOUS-BOIS LA VILLETTE GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT SIMULATED SCENARIOS THE MULTIDOUBLET/HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIR CASE. SIMULATED OUTPUTS (YEAR 27) 10000 9000 8000 GBMN1 10 7000 GGMN2 (C) 9 8 6000 7 GLCN2 (B) GLCS2 6 5000 5 (D) (A) 4 GLCN1 GLCS1 4000 3 2 3000 1 0 2000 1000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT SIMULATED SCENARIOS THE MULTIDOUBLET/HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIR CASE. SIMULATED OUTPUTS (YEAR 52) 10000 9000 GBMN1 8000 10 7000 GBMN2 9 (C) GBMN3 GCLN2 6000 7 GCLN3 GCLS2 5000 (B) 6 (A) 5 (D) GCLS1 4 GCLN1 4000 8 3 2 GCLS3 3000 1 0 2000 1000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SUSTAINABLE RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT SIMULATED SCENARIOS THE MULTIDOUBLET/HETEROGENEOUS RESERVOIR CASE. SIMULATED OUTPUTS (YEAR 77) 10000 9000 8000 GBMN4 GBMN1 7000 10 9 (C) GBMN3 8 GBMN2 6000 7 GCLN2 GCLS2 5000 GCLN3 GCLS4 6 (D) (A) GCLS1 (B) GCLN1 5 4 GCLN4 4000 3 2 GCLS3 3000 1 0 2000 1000 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES (1) •SCORE (as of year 2004) •operating doublets •success ratio •yearly geothermal heat production •CO2 atmospheric emission savings 34 65% #1,000 GWht 500,000 tons •EXPECTATIONS •existing doublet life •future GDH doublets •geothermal heat demand projection •Geothermal heating/cooling offer projection 75 yrs 10-15 #1,500 GWht #2,500 GWht GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES (2) MINING INVESTMENTS (103 €) 2011-2035 -Existing doublet reconditioning/lining -Drilling/completion of a new, corrosion resistant, production well -Miscellaneous equipments/fittings TOTAL 450 3,000 150 3,600 TOTAL 350 450 2,750 200 3,750 2036-2060 -Abandonment (cementing) of the initial well doublet -Replacement of the production well fiberglass liner -Drilling/completion of a new, corrosion resistant, injection well -Miscellaneous equipments/fittings COMAPARATIVE FIGURES Capital investments (103 €) Natural gas cogeneration plant (rated 5 MWe) / Conventional, steel cased (9”5/8), well doublet Cost prices (€) MWht geothermal / MWht cogeneration ECOTAX PROJECTED IMPACTS (Carbon atmospheric emission tax) Impact on a 30,000 MWht/yr district heating doublet Unit price impact 4,600 / 3,600 5-8 / 3-4 50€/t 200,000 7€/MWht GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN ECONOMY (1) •INVESTMENT COSTS •Total Paris Basin (52 doublets) #500 M€ •Doublet unit costs 10 M€ •Wells 3.3 (33%) •Heat plant/geothermal loop 0.7 (7%) •piping/substations 6.0 (60%) •Ratings: •40000 MWht (geothermal = 30,000 MWht) •Revenues (45 €/MWht) 1.8 M€ •OPERATION/MAINTENANCE COSTS (103 €) #700 Ref: 30,000 – 35,000 MWt rated plant •Energy 400 •Power 100 •Backup/relief fossil fuels 300 •Light maintenance/equipment replacement 40 •Heavy maintenance/equipment replacement 185 •Miscellaneus 75 FINANCIAL •High debt (90%)/low equity (10%) •Yearly debt repayment charge #1 M€ GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT. A THIRTY YEAR PRACTICE IN THE PARIS BASIN CONCLUSIONS • GDH scored well • State/public sector involvement proved a decisive • • • • • • impetus Operators exhibit mature technological and entrepreneurial skills Exploration/exploitation risks mastered to date Sound resource/reservoir management outline Sustainable heat mining, up to 50-75 years ahead, secured Improve image Environmental, clean air, benefits to boost fiscally incentive measures.
