Reform and Culture
Abolition
What is Abolition?
• Abolitionism is the
movement to end
slavery.
• Abolitionism was
mostly based in the
North and
abolitionist.
Who was Fredrick Douglass?
Former Slave, Abolitionist, Author,
Editor
Washington, D.C.
1818-1895
Wrote one of the most impactful
biographies of American History.
Argued for the rights of AfricanAmericans and women.
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
• Abolitionists, Social
Reformer, Journalist
• 1805-1879
• Boston, Massachusetts
• Leading Abolitionist who
worked with Frederick
Douglass.
Who was Sojourner Truth?
• Abolitionist, Women’s Rights
Activist
• 1797-1883
• New York
• Gave the famous “Ain’t I a
Woman” speech in Seneca Falls,
NY
Who was Harriet Tubman?
• Abolitionist, Union Spy
• 1820-1913
• Auburn, New York
• Rescued over 300 slaves by
using the underground
railroad.
What was the Underground Railroad?
• Network of secret
routes and safe
houses used by 19thcentury slaves in the
United States to
escape to free states
and Canada with the
aid of abolitionists.
What was Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
• Anti-Slavery novel by
American author
Harriet Beecher Stowe
who was an
Abolitionists.
• Uncle Tom's Cabin was
the best-selling novel of
the 19th century.
Women’s Rights Movement
What was the Women’s Rights
Movement?
• The movement to
give women equal
rights at work,
home, and in
government.
What was Women’s Suffrage?
• The right of women
to vote and to
compete in
elections.
• Women didn’t get
the right to vote
until 1920.
Who was Susan B. Anthony?
Woman Suffragist
New York and Massachusetts
1820-1906
One of the first and most
important fighters for
women’s rights.
Who was Elizabeth C. Stanton?
Woman Suffragist
Seneca Falls, New York
1815-1902
Organized the Seneca Falls
convention which was viewed as
the beginning of the Women’s
Rights Movement.
What was the Seneca Falls
Convention?
• Woman’s Rights Convention
held from July 19-20, 1848
in Seneca Falls, New York.
• Organized by Quakers,
Seneca Falls was the first
Woman’s Rights Convention.
Other Major Reform Movements
What was Education Reform?
• The movement to improve
education.
• Horace Mann from
Massachusetts was the
most famous reformer.
• Free school, professional
teachers.
What was Temperance?
• The movement to
outlaw alcohol.
• Alcohol was blamed
for violence at home,
the streets, and lack
of productivity.
What was Prison Reform?
• The movement to
improve prisons.
• Dorothea Dix and
other reformers
fought to end
torture in prisons
and help the insane
get medical help.
What was the Second Great
Awakening?
• Religious revival
movement in which
millions of people
became Christian.
• Christians also
wanted to join
Reform Movements.
Changes in Art, Music, Literature,
and Culture.
What is Literature?
• Literature is the
writings of a
particular nation or
society.
How was American Literature
changing during the Reform Era?
• American Literature was
becoming unique.
• American Literature was
sounding more like
common people, it was
more personal than
European Literature.
Who was Henry David Thoreau?
Author and pioneer of Civil
Disobedience.
Massachusetts
1817-1862
Thoreau’s ideas about civil
disobedience inspired leaders like
Mohandas Gandhi and Martin
Luther King.
Who was Walt Whitman?
• Poet and Journalist
• Long Island, New York
• 1819-1892
• Father of Free Verse Poetry,
which does not use rhyme,
music, or meter patterns,
sounds more natural.
Who was Emily Dickinson?
• Poet
• Amherst,
Massachusetts
• 1830-1886
• Wrote over 1,800
poems.
Who was Edgar Allen Poe?
• Author
• Baltimore, Maryland
• 1809-1849
• Writer who is considered a
leader of the Romantic
Movement in the U.S.
American Art
What was the Hudson River School?
• American art
movement that
celebrated nature
and landscapes.
Who was John James Audubon?
Painter
New York
1785-1851
Audubon’s artwork focused
on nature and helped
“define” the American style
of art.
John James Audubon Art
John James Audubon Art
What was the Battle Hymn of the
Republic?
• Song written by Julia
Ward Howe using the
music from the song
"John Brown's Body".
• The song was used by
the Union during the
Civil War and is now
an American Classic.
He is coming like the glory of the morning on the
wave, He is Wisdom to the mighty, He is Succour to
the brave, So the world shall be His footstool, and
the soul of Time His slave, Our God is marching on.
(Chorus)
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah!
Glory, glory, hallelujah.
Our God is marching on