1
outline glycolysis to pyruvate
with the yield of ATP and
reduced NAD+
10 steps in Glycolysis
ADP
phosphorylation
ATP
hexokinase
1
 Glucose receives a
phosphate group
from ATP
 to form glucose-6phosphate.
 Process:
phosphorylation
 Enzyme:
hexokinase
Next
Review
2
isomerization
 Glucose-6phosphate
converted to its
isomer,
fructose-6phosphate.
 Process:
Isomerization
Next
Review
3
ADP
phosphorylation
ATP
Phosphofructokinase
 Another ATP is
invested to
molecule,
forming fructose1,6-bisphosphate.
 Process:
Phosphorylation
 Enzyme:
Phosphofructokinase
Next
Review
4
GlyceraldehydeDihydroxyacetone
Phosphate (DHAP) 3-phosphate (G3P)
 Fructose-1,6bisphosphate is then
split into two 3carbon sugars,
glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (G3P)
and
dihydroxyacetone
phosphate (DHAP).
 Process: Lysis /
Cleavage
Next
Review
5
 Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate (DHAP) is
converted to its isomer,
isomerization
glyceraldehyde-3phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-  (G3P) a.k.a
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphoglycerate
Phosphate (DHAP) 3-phosphate (G3P)
(PGAL)
 Process: Isomerization
Next
Review
6
G3P/
G3P/
2NADH + 2H+
oxidation
2NAD+
 G3P undergoes
dehydrogenation with
NAD+ as hydrogen
acceptor.
 Product of this very
exergonic reaction
 G3P reacts with
inorganic phosphate
present in cytosol to
yield 1,3bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG).
 Process: Oxidation /
Dehydrogenation
Next
Review
7
BPG/
BPG/
ATP
(3PG)
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
ADP
(3PG)
 One of phosphates of
BPG reacts with ADP
to form ATP resulting
in 3phosphoglycerate
(3PG).
 Process: Substratelevel
phosphorylation
Next
Review
8
(3PG)
(3PG)
isomerization
(2PG)
 3PG is rearranged
to 2phosphoglycerate
(2PG)
 Process:
Isomerization.
(2PG)
Next
Review
9
(2PG)
(2PG)
dehydration
H20
 ONE molecule of
water is removed,
which results in
formation of double
bond. The product,
phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP).
 Process: Dehydration
(removal of water)
Next
Review
10
ATP
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
ADP
 Phosphate group of
PEP molecules is
transferred to ADP
to yield ATP and
pyruvate.
 Process: Substratelevel
phosphorylation.
Next
Review
Answer the following
questions
1
2
3
4
• Energy investing phase
• Energy yielding phase
• Where reduced NAD+ is
produced
• Name of enzymes at 1 & 3
5
6
7
8
9
10
14
15
THREE BIG IDEAS
BIG
IDEA
#1
BIG
IDEA
#2
BIG
IDEA
#3
ENSURING THAT
STUDENTS LEARN
BUILDING A
CULTURE OF
COLLABORATION
A FOCUS ON
STUDENTS”
OUTCOME
4 CRITICAL QUESTIONS
1. What do we want our students to
learn? (Focus)
2. How will we know they are learning?
(Inquiry)
3. How will we respond when they don’t
learn? (Innovation)
4. How will we respond when they do
learn? (Impact)
Source : www.allthingsplc.info
Learning Outcomes
• By the end of the lesson, study should be
able to:
• outline glycolysis to pyruvate with the
yield of ATP and reduced NAD+
Question 1
What is do you we want our
students to learn? (Focus)
18
Learning Objectives
At the end of the tutorial lesson, 80% of the
students are able to:
• state the definition of glycolysis and the location
where it occurs in a eukaryotic cell
• state the 10 steps of reaction involved glycolyis
• identify correctly at least 4 types of chemical
reactions during glycolysis
• state the reactions where hexokinase and
phosphofructokinase are involved in glycolysis
• state the steps during glycolysis when energy is
invested and steps where energy is yielded
19
Learning Objectives
• indicate the free energy level for each
intermediate product during glycolysis
• show where ATP is invested & yielded and where
NAD+ is reduced during glycolysis
• indicate the two phases in glycolysis
• justify the total ATP produced during glycolysis
• able to score 80% of quiz questions the end of
the lesson Question 2
How do we know they are
learning? (Inquiry)
20
Glucose
Glycolysis: The Reactions
Glucose
2
Fructose 6-phosphate
3
Phosphofructokinase
ADP
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Aldolase
4
5
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate (G3P)
6
NAD+
Pi
NAD+
Pi
NADH
NADH
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG)
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG)
7
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
3-Phosphoglycerate
(3PG)
3-Phosphoglycerate
(3PG)
3-Phosphoglycerate
ATP
2-Phosphoglycerate
(2PG)
9
H2O
H2O
Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP)
(PEP)
ADP
ADP
10
ATP
ATP
Pyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
2-Phosphoglycerate
(2PG)
2-Phosphoglycerate
8
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
Review of Glycolysis
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate
Hexokinase
ADP
1,3-Bisphospho- Dihydroxyacetone
Fructose
Fructose
glycerate
Phosphate
1,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphate
Glucose
6-phosphate
1
ATP
BIG IDEA #1: Ensuring that
Students Learn
Question 3
What will we respond when
they don’t learn? (Innovation)
22
BIG IDEA #2: Building a
Culture of Collaboration
BIG IDEA #3: A focus on
Students’ Outcome
Question 3
What will we respond when
they don’t learn? (Innovation)
23
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate &
Glucose
PhosphoenolGlycolysis: The Pyruvate
Reactions
pyruvate
10
2
Pyruvate
Fructose 6-phosphate
3
ATP
Phosphofructokinase
ATP
ADP
H2O
ADP
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Aldolase
4
5
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate (G3P)
6
ATP
NAD+
2NADH
ATP
Pi
NAD+
Pi
NADH
NADH
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG)
2ATP
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG)
7
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
2ATP
3-Phosphoglycerate
(3PG)
3-Phosphoglycerate
(3PG)
2ATP
Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP)
(PEP)
ADP
10
ADP
ATP
ATP
Progress of Reaction
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
H2O
Pyruvate
9
Substrate-level
Phosphorylation
Dehydration
Isomerization
Substrate-level
Phosphorylation
Isomerization
Oxidation &
Phosphorylation
Cleavage
Phosphorylation
Isomerization
Phosphorylation
H2O
2-Phosphoglycerate
(2PG)
2-Phosphoglycerate
8
2-Phosphoglycerate
(2PG)
Glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Pyruvate
Hexokinase
ADP
9
Glucose
6-phosphate
ATP
1
ATP
ADP
Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate
(PEP)
(PEP)
H2O
2-Phosphoglycerate
(2PG)
2-Phosphoglycerate
(2PG)
3-Phosphoglycerate
(3PG)
8
3-Phosphoglycerate
(3PG)
ATP
ATP
7
ADP
Glucose
1,3-Bisphospho- Dihydroxyacetone
Fructose
Fructose
glycerate
Phosphate
1,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphate
2-Phosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
ADP
NADH
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG)
6
Pi
NAD+
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
(BPG)
NADH
NAD+
Pi
Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate (G3P)
5
4
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
ADP
3
ATP
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose
Fructose
Dihydroxyacetone 1,3-Bisphospho6-phosphate 1,6-bisphosphate Phosphate
glycerate
2
Hexokinase
ADP
1
ATP
Glucose
Free energy level
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose
6-phosphate
Glucose
Documentation and sharing
When Students’
learn….
Lesson
Study Sharing
session
Question
4
in KMPh (Jun 2016)
Convention
(6-8 Sep
How willPLC
we respond
when
2016) they do Learn? (Impact)
25