HISTORICAL LECTURE TEST # 4 - 2009
1. ? had a parrot-like toothless beak and crushing toothplates. A.trilophosaurids B.rhynchosaurs
C.aetosaurs D.rauisuchians E.pterosaurs
2. Lungfish and coelacanths are A.sarcopterygians B.eugeneodonts C.symmoriids D.acanthodians
E.actinopterygians
3. The "Guadalupian" Extinction Event occurred during the A.Pennsylvanian B.Mississippian
C.Ordovician D.Devonian E.Permian
4. Which of these is a lissamphibian? A.frog B.toad C.caecilian D.salamander E.all of these are
lissamphibians
5. The Chengjiang and Burgess Shale Faunas are dominated by A.molluscs B.brachiopods
C.corals D.echinoderms E.arthropods
6. The presence of ganoid scales, low placement of the pectoral fins, and a heterocercal tail would be
characteristic of a ? fish. A.primitive B.derived
7. The Dinocephalians, Anomodonts and Cynodonts were A.pelycosaurs B.therapsids C.pareiasaurs
D.procolophonids E.mesosaurs
8. The ? were bipedal carnivorous dinosaurs. A.sauropodomorphs B.ornithopods C.pachycephalosaurs
D.theropods E.ceratopsians
9. Arborescent lycopods, sphenopsids and tree ferns became extinct at the end of the A.Mesozoic
B.Proterozoic C.Cenozoic D.Paleozoic
10. Graptolites and huge, straight-shelled nautiloid cephalopods are found in rocks of ? age.
A.Proterozoic B.Paleozoic C.Cenozoic D.Mesozoic E.graptolites and nautiloids are found in all
of these ages
11. ? dinosaurs have a "triradiate" pelvis. A.saurischian B.ornithischian C.both saurischian and
ornithischian dinosaurs have a "triradiate" pelvis
12. ? are characterized by the presence of "prismatic cartilage", placoid scales, claspers and fin spines.
A.placoderms B.acanthodians C.heterostracans D.osteostracans E.chondrichthyans
13. ? often have crushing toothplates; since the Devonian burrowing is a common strategy in these
groups during the "dry season". A.osteolepiforms B.coelacanths C.actinopterygians
D.acanthodians E.dipnoans
14. During the earliest portion of the Mesozoic A.essentially all land masses were united into Pangaea
B.Pangaea had "broken up", and most of the modern continents had formed
15. A notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and an endostyle organ are characteristic of A.molluscs
B.brachiopods C.chordates D.echinoderms E.arthropods
16. ? are armor-plated reptiles that have a secondary palate; some Mesozoic types were fully marine in
their habits. A.plesiosaurs B.ichthyosaurs C.crocodilians D.mosasaurs E.placodonts
17. ? gave rise to amphibians. A.osteolepiforms B.coelacanths C.actinopterygians D.acanthodians
E.dipnoans
18. Ceratosaurs, carnosaurs and deinonychosaurs were A.sauropodomorphs B.ornithopods
C.pachycephalosaurs D.theropods E.ceratopsians
19. The ? were the "bone-headed" dinosaurs. A.sauropodomorphs B.ornithopods C.pachycephalosaurs
D.theropods E.ceratopsians
20. ? developed from dermal denticles in vertebrates. A.appendicular skeletons B.axial
skeletons C.jaws D.teeth E.all of these developed from dermal denticles
21. ? dinosaurs have a predentary bone. A.saurischian B.ornithischian C.both saurischian and
ornithischian dinosaurs have a predentary bone
22. The ? includes ferns and their allies. A.Rhyniophyta B.Psilopsida C.Lycophyta D.Sphenophyta
E.Filicinophyta
23. Which of these is a lepidosauromorph? A.lizard B.dinosaur C.pterosaur D.plesiosaur E.all of
these are lepidosaurorphs
24. The oldest dinosaurs are of ? age. A.Triassic B.Pennsylvanian C.Permian D.Jurassic E.Cretaceous
25. ? may have originated from gill arch supports, or may have been formed when a series of
connector genes began to make cartilage "supports". A.axial skeletons B.appendicular
skeletons C.jaws D.these features may have been important in the development of both
skeletons and jaws
26. ? gave rise to mammals. A.pelycosaurs B.therapsids C.pareiasaurs D.procolophonids E.mesosaurs
27. The ? had a small skull and short front legs; there were a series of plates and spines arranged in a
row down the neck, trunk and tail. A.ankylosaurs B.ornithopods C.pachycephalosaurs
D.stegosaurs E.ceratopsians
28. Quetzalcoatlus, from the Big Bend region of Texas, was a huge A.theropod B.sauropodomorph
C.crocodile D.bird E.pterosaur
29. The "bolide impact event" has been hypothesized for the extinction event at the end of the
A.Proterozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.Paleozoic
30. In a ? fish tail, the upper lobe is the largest. A.heterocercal B.hypocercal C.homocercal
D.diphycercal
31. Theropod dinosaurs are A.saurischians B.ornithischians C.it depends upon the type of theropod
32. The placental and marsupial mammals originated in the A.Permian B.Cretaceous C.Pennsylvanian
D.Jurassic E.Triassic
33. Captorhinids, pareiasaurs and pelycosaurs were of ? age. A.Mesozoic B.Proterozoic C.Paleozoic
D.Cenozoic E.these groups were found in all of these ages of Earth history
34. Snakes have extreme streptostyly. This means that snakes A.lost their legs B.loosened their skulls
C.streptostyly involves both loss of limbs and loosening skull bones
35. A vertical jaw and the dominance of the premaxilla in feeding is characteristic of ? fish.
A.primitive B.derived
36. Aragonite-secreting algae, fusulinid foraminiferans, and aragonite-secreting sponges were
important reef-formers during the A.Early Mesozoic B.Late Mesozoic C.Early Cenozoic
D.Early Paleozoic E.Late Paleozoic
37. ? have a "perforate acetabulum". A.trilophosaurids B.rhynchosaurs C.aetosaurs D.rauisuchians
E.dinosaurs
38. Plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs were A.euryapsids B.anapsids C.synapsids
39. The Morrison Formation, famous for its dinosaur deposits, is of ? age. A.Silurian B.Pennsylvanian
C.Permian D.Jurassic E.Cretaceous
40. Cephalization and the development of a fusiform shape is characteristic of A.molluscs
B.brachiopods C.vertebrates D.echinoderms E.arthropods
41. The Gulf of Mexico began forming during the ?; at this time great thicknesses of evaporites were
precipitated, including the Louann Salt. A.Silurian B.Pennsylvanian C.Permian D.Jurassic
E.Cretaceous
42. Mammals have a ? jaw articulation. A.dentary-squamosal B.quadrate-articular
43. The first great diversification of Phanerozoic life began during the A.Silurian B.Mississippian
C.Devonian D.Ordovician E.Cambrian
44. Ammonites, belemnites and the first scleractinian corals were dominant marine invertebrates during
the A.Proterozoic B.Cenozoic C.Mesozoic D.Paleozoic
45. Calamites consisted of bamboo-like jointed stems. Annularia is characterized by "leaf
whorls". These genera pertain to the A.Rhyniophyta B.Psilopsida C.Lycophyta
D.Sphenophyta E.Filicinophyta
46. Agnathans are ? vertebrates. A.jawless B.jawed
47. The most diverse and abundant Mesozoic mammals were the ?; they are characterised by
many cusps on their molar teeth. A.triconodonts B.marsupials C.symmetrodonts
D.placentals E.multituberculates
48. Rugose and tabulate corals are found in rocks of ? age. A.Proterozoic B.Paleozoic C.Cenozoic
D.Mesozoic E.rugose and tabulate corals are found in all of these ages of Earth history
49. The brachiosaurs and other huge herbivorous dinosaurs were A.sauropodomorphs B.ornithopods
C.pachycephalosaurs D.theropods E.ceratopsians
50. Pteridosperms and Cordaitales were types of A.Rhyniophyta B."gymnosperms" C.Lycophyta
D.Sphenophyta E.Filicinophyta
51. The platypus and echidna are A.marsupials B.placentals C.monotremes
52. During the Cretaceous, sealevel was relatively A.low B.high
53. ? are characterized by "double fertilization", where one portion of the sperm fertilizes the egg and
another portion unites with a second portion of the ovule. A.sphenophytes B.rhyniophytes
C.cycads and cycadeoids D.filicinophytes E.angiosperms
54. ? is capable of "expansional growth". A.cartilage B.bone C.both cartilage and bone are capable of
"expansional growth"
55. The Ichthyostegids were early A.osteolepiforms B.actinopterygians C.amphibians D.reptiles
E.birds
56. ? are Cretaceous marine lizards. A.plesiosaurs B.ichthyosaurs C.crocodilians D.mosasaurs
E.placodonts
57. The earliest fish are of ? age. A.Silurian B.Mississippian C.Devonian D.Ordovician E.Cambrian
58. ? have three "ear bones". A.amphibians B.birds C.reptiles D.mammals E.all of these have three
"ear bones"
59. The Nevadan Orogeny occurred during the A.Proterozoic B.Paleozoic C.Cenozoic D.Mesozoic
60. ? have a lower temporal opening with the postorbital and squamosal meeting above.
A.euryapsids B.anapsids C.synapsids D.diapsids
61. ? were large, fierce carnivorous archosaurs with huge carnivorous dinosaur-like skulls.
A.trilophosaurids B.rhynchosaurs C.aetosaurs D.rauisuchians E.pterosaurs
62. Gondwanaland was situated ? during much of the Paleozoic. A.over the North Pole B.at the
Equator C.over the South Pole
63. The "arboreal theory" and the "cursorial theory" have been proposed to explain the origin of
A.theropods B.sauropodomorphs C.crocodiles D.birds E.mosasaurs
64. In general, the pterodactyloids are ? than the rhamphorhynchoids. A.older B.younger
65. The ? were Permian-age Gondwana aquatic reptiles; their distribution was used by Wegener as
evidence in his Continental Drift Theory. A.pelycosaurs B.therapsids C.pareiasaurs
D.procolophonids E.mesosaurs
66. The ? had large head and trunk shields; they include the arthrodires and antiarchs. A.placoderms
B.acanthodians C.heterostracans D.osteostracans E.symmoriids
67. There were three periods of trilobite mass extinction during the A.Silurian B.Mississippian
C.Devonian D.Ordovician E.Cambrian
68. The pterosaur flight mechanism involved A.all digits except the thumb B.all the digits, which were
fused C.one finger only
69. The greatest Phanerozoic extinction event occurred during the A.Pennsylvanian
B.Mississippian C.Ordovician D.Devonian E.Permian
70. Archaeocyathids and stromatolites formed the first A.skeletons B.reefs C.siliclastic shelves
D.nekton E.plankton
71. ? are "lobe-finned" fish; they typically have cosmoid scales. A.sarcopterygians B.eugeneodonts
C.symmoriids D.acanthodians E.actinopterygians
72. Mammals are A.endothermic B.exothermic
73. The Tethys Seaway was formed during the A.Proterozoic B.Paleozoic C.Cenozoic
D.Mesozoic
74. The development of features such as stomata and waxy and other protective coverings on pollen,
spores and seeds, is primarily in order to prevent desiccation in A.phaeophytes B.rhodophytes
C.chlorophytes D.land plants E.these features are found in all of the above groups
75. Cycads and Cycadeoids were dominant plants during the A.Proterozoic B.Cenozoic
C.Mesozoic D.Paleozoic
76. ? are vascular plants. A.phaeophytes B.rhodophytes C.chlorophytes D.tracheophytes
E.cyanophytes
77. The Sonoma Orogeny added terranes to the ? side of North America. A.eastern B.western
78. ? have an amniote egg. A.amphibians B.actinopterygians C.chondrichthyes D.reptiles E.all of
these have amniote eggs
79. Dinosaurs ? haversian canal systems. They ? determinant growth. A.had, had B.did not
have, did not have C.had, did not have D.did not have, had
80. The "Painted Desert" of Arizona consists mostly of paleosol horizons of ? age. A.Cretaceous
B.Pennsylvanian C.Triassic D.Mississippian E.Silurian
81. There ? living coelacanths. A.are B.are no
82. The earliest true spiders and first abundant flying insects evolved during the A.Mesozoic
B.Proterozoic C.Cenozoic D.Paleozoic
83. The "Global Conveyer Belt" of "modern" oceanic circulation probably first developed during
the A.Silurian B.Pennsylvanian C.Permian D.Jurassic E.Cretaceous
84. The earliest fossilized land animals were A.molluscs B.amphibians C.reptiles
D.brachiopods E.arthropods
85. The ? gave rise to reptiles. A.temnospondyls B.lepospondyls C.diadectomorphs
D.seymouriamorphs E.actinopterygians
86. Rudist reef systems were formed during the A.Proterozoic B.Cenozoic C.Mesozoic D.Paleozoic
87. Lepidodendron, Lepidophloios, Sigillaria, and Stigmaria had leaves on the trunk in pits,
termed leaf cushions or bolsters. A.Rhyniophyta B.Psilopsida C.Lycophyta D.Sphenophyta
E.Filicinophyta
88. Turtles are A.synapsids B.diapsids C.euryapsids D.anapsids
89. ? were dolphin-like reptiles that gave birth to live young. A.plesiosaurs B.ichthyosaurs
C.mesosaurs D.mosasaurs E.placodonts
90. Which of the following is not closely kin to the other groups? A.chordates B.hemichordates
C.echinoderms D.molluscs
91. The ancestors of amphibians may have left aquatic environments A.to seek food B.to escape
low-oxygen environments C.to escape predators D.in search of breeding sites E.all of these
may have been reasons that the ancestors of amphibians left aquatic environments
92. The earliest frogs are of ? age. A.Proterozoic B.Cenozoic C.Mesozoic D.Paleozoic
93. The heterostracans and osteostracans were of ? age. A.Proterozoic B.Paleozoic C.Cenozoic
D.Mesozoic E.heterostracans and osteostracans are found during all of these ages of Earth history
94. The Newark Supergroup, representing rift basins that were filled with ancient lakes and
basalt flows, is mostly of ? age. A.Silurian B.Pennsylvanian C.Permian D.Jurassic
E.Cretaceous
95. In the ?, each vertebra consisted of a single spool-like structure; this group includes the snake-like
aistopods and boomerang-headed nectridians. A.temnospondyls B.lepospondyls C.diadectomorphs
D.seymouriamorphs E.anapsids
96. Nothosaurs were most similar to A.plesiosaurs B.ichthyosaurs C.mesosaurs D.mosasaurs
E.placodonts
97. Trilophosaurids, rauisuchians, rhynchosaurs and aetosaurs are of ? age. A.Triassic
B.Pennsylvanian C.Permian D.Jurassic E.Cretaceous
98. The teleost fish first appeared during the A.Proterozoic B.Cenozoic C.Mesozoic
D.Paleozoic
99. The ? Fauna includes "small shelly fossils" that consisted of distinct chain mail-like sclerites of
calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate. A.Ediacara B.Chengjiang C.Burgess Shale
D.Tommotian E.Gilboa
100. Diapsid temporal openings are characteristic of A.dinosaurs B.pterosaurs C.alligators D.lizards
E.all of these are diapsids