NAME ___________________________________________________ PALEONTOLOGY FINAL - 2009
1. The ? include the owls. A.Charadriiformes B.Falconiformes C.Passeriformes D.Anseriformes
E.Strigiformes
2. The "Great Faunal Interchange" was between A.North America and Eurasia B.Eurasia and Africa C.North
America and South America D.Eurasia and Australia E.Australia and Africa
3. In ? vertebrae the vertebral concavity is anterior, and there is a convex posterior surface. A.amphicoelous
B.platycoelous C.opisthocoelous D.procoelous
4. Giraffes have A.horns B.antlers C.ossicones
5. The ? had an undivided bony shield which extended down the body; the head was dorsoventrally compressed
with dorsal eyes and with dorsal and lateral sensory organs on top of the head. A.heterostracans
B.osteostracans C.anaspids D.thelodonts E.cyclostomes
6. In the ? the leaves are arranged in whorls around an above-ground, bamboo-like jointed photosynthetic stem
that is hollow inside. A.rhyniopsids B.lycopsids C.sphenopsids D.zosterophyllopsids E.psilopsids
7. Herbs and woody plants belong to the A.Dicotyledonae B.Monocotyledonae C.Psilopsida D.Lycopsida
E.Sphenopsida
8. Mammals have a ? jaw articulation. A.quadrate-articular B.dentary-squamosal
9. Most species of bats belong to the ?; these are nocturnal echolocators. A.Megachiroptera B.Microchiroptera
10. The ? are the best known Paleozoic sharks; some of them had strange dorsal fin brushes that were probably
utilized in sexual displays. A.iniopterygians B.holocephalians C.symmoriids D.eugeneodonts
E.euselachians
11. The ? were heavily-built Triassic herbivores with parrot-like edentulous beaks and broad crushing
toothplates. A.trilophosaurs B.poposaurids C.aetosaurs D.rhynchosaurs E.phytosaurs
12. The earliest amphibians are of ? age. A.Cambrian B.Ordovician C.Silurian D.Devonian E.Mississippian
13. The ? include the "seed ferns". A.pteridospermophytes B.lycopsids C.sphenopsids D.zosterophyllopsids
E.psilopsids
14. Borhyaenids and Thylacosmilids were from A.North America B.South America C.Eurasia D.Australia
E.Africa
15. ? scales are large, thick and rhomboidal-shaped with a "peg and socket" articulation. A.cycloid B.ctenoid
C.cosmoid D.ganoid
16. The "Turkana Boy" pertains to ?; this specimen indicates that the height of adults was over six feet with a
brain size of 800 to 1050 milliliters. A.Sahelanthropus B.Homo habilis C.Homo ergaster D.Homo
rudolfensis E.Homo neanderthalensis
17. The medial/lingual cusp on upper molars is termed the A.protoconid B.paraconid C.protocone
D.metacone E.paracone
18. Moles and shrews often have A.square molars due to the addition of a hypocone B.W-shaped outer walls
on the upper molars
19. Ceratosaurs, carnosaurs and coelurosaurs are A.theropods B.ornithopods C.ceratopsians D.ankylosaur
E.sauropods
20. The Gymnomycota, Mastigomycota and Amastigomycota are types of A.Fungi B.Rhyniopsida
C.Psilopsida D.Lycopsida E.Sphenopsida
21. The ? are found only in rocks of Cretaceous age; they often had horns and large head shields. A.theropods
B.ornithopods C.ceratopsians D.ankylosaurs E.sauropods
22. A ? bird foot is found in woodpeckers and parrots; there are two toes in front and two behind.
A.anisodactylous B.zygodactylous
23. Bat wings are supported by ? fingers. A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 E.5
24. In the ?, there is a septum in the auditory bulla; the external carotid has a countercurrent exchanger in the
vicinity of the orbit for cooling blood entering the brain. A.canoids B.litopterns C.notoungulates
D.feloids E.xenarthrans
25. The ? are megaphylls; the fronds are typically pinnately compound and circinate. A.rhyniopsids
B.lycopsids C.sphenopsids D.zosterophyllopsids E.filicopsids
26. Teleosts are characterized by a ? tail. A.diphycercal B.heterocercal C.hypocercal D.homocercal
27. The "New World Monkeys", such as marmosets and cebids, are A.strepsirhines B.haplorhinines
C.platyrrhines D.plesiadapiforms E.catarrhines
28. The classification of the ? especially utilizes masseter muscle attachment patterns. A.Chiroptera B.Cetacea
C.Sirenia D.Primates E.Rodentia
29. In ? vertebrae the pleurocentra increase in size and become a complete ring. A.lepospondylous
B.rhachitomous C.stereospondylous D.anthracosaurian
30. The first human tool culture was the A.Acheulian B.Mousterian C.Oldowan D.Perigordian E.Solutrean
31. The largest known land carnivores (or were they scavengers?) of all times belonged to the A.Proboscidea
B.Sirenia C.Cetacea D.Acreodi E.Desmostylia
32. The ? has a flexible skeleton, sharp retractile claws and the carnassials are extremely well-developed.
A.Canidae B.Ursidae C.Procyonidae D.Amphicyonidae E.Felidae
33. In the ? there are only 5 to 9 trunk vertebrae; there are no ribs, a urostyle is present, there are long hind
limbs, and the skull forms an "open" structure. A.Urodela B.Apoda C.Anura D.Aistopoda E.Nectridia
34. The "Bear-Dogs" belonged to the A.Canidae B.Ursidae C.Procyonidae D.Amphicyonidae E.Felidae
35. Primitive artiodactyls are A.selenodont and hypsodont B.brachydont and bunodont
36. In ? there was a lower temporal opening with the postorbital and squamosal meeting above. A.euryapsids
B.diapsids C.synapsids D.anapsids
37. The ? are found in rocks from Cretaceous through Eocene age; they had a rodent-like dentition with a long
diastema between the procumbent incisors and grinding molar teeth. A.strepsirhines B.haplorhinines
C.platyrrhines D.plesiadapiforms E.catarrhines
38. The ? have "long" and "short shoots"; the leaves are usually fan-shaped and are often deeply lobed.
A.Pteridospermophytes B.Cordaitales C.Coniferales D.Ginkgoales E.Cycadophyta
39. In amphibians, reptiles and birds the major "ear bone" is the A.stapes B.malleus C.incus D.all of these
bones are equally important in amphibians, reptiles and birds
40. ? were robust australopithecines. A.Australopithecus B.Homo habilis C.Homo ergaster D.Homo
rudolfensis E.Paranthropus
41. In the ? the carnassials usually involve M1+2/M2+3 . A.Chiroptera B.Carnivora C.Creodonta D.Primates
E.Rodentia
42. From the Paleocene until the Pliocene ? was an "island continent". A.North America B.South America
C.Europe D.Asia E.Africa
43. Ophiacodonts, sphenacodonts, edaphosaurs and caseids are types of A.therapsids B.pelycosaurs
C.mesosaurs D.mosasaurs E.testudines
44. The Ursidae has ? posture. A.plantigrade B.unguligrade C.digitigrade
45. The ? were Permian-age aquatic parareptiles that were used by Wegener as evidence of continental drift.
A.therapsids B.pelycosaurs C.mesosaurs D.mosasaurs E.testudines
46. Most Australian marsupials are A.polyprotodont B.diprotodont
47. A palaeognathous palate is characteristic of A.ornithischian dinosaurs B.saurischian dinosaurs
C.crocodiles D.ratites E.mammals
48. The Tasmanian "pouched wolf" was a A.canid B.didelphid C.borhyaenid D.notoryctid E.thylacinid
49. In ? dentition the teeth are attached to the inside of the jaw. A.acrodont B.thecodont C.pleurodont
50. Plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs were A.euryapsids B.diapsids C.synapsids D.anapsids
51. In ? the premaxilla is freed and becomes the primary tooth-bearing element in the upper jaw; the maxilla
was freed so that it could be pulled down and forward by the lower jaw as the mouth opened. A.teleosts
B.chondrosteans C.sarcopterygians D.holosteans E.chondrichthyans
52. ? was a tiny island species from Indonesia; it had a Homo erectus-like morphology but may have lived as
late as 18,000 years ago. A.Homo floresiensis B.Homo habilis C.Homo ergaster D.Homo rudolfensis
E.Homo neanderthalensis
53. Many of the ? were freshwater sharks; the teeth had two or three cusps and they had a diphycercal caudal fin.
A.eugeneodonts B.ctenacanths C.hybodonts D.neoselachians E.xenacanths
54. In the "crocodile-normal" tarsal pattern, the A.astragalus fits into a recess of the calcaneum B.calcaneum
fits into a recess of the astragalus
55. The ? were often huge, armadillo-like mammals that lived from the Miocene through Pleistocene.
A.bradypodids B.mylodontoids C.myrmecophagids D.glyptodonts E.pholidotans
56. The earliest vertebrates are of ? age. A.Cambrian B.Ordovician C.Silurian D.Devonian E.Mississippians
57. Deinotheres and gomphotheres belonged to the A.Proboscidea B.Sirenia C.Cetacea D.Tubulidentata
E.Desmostylia
58. ? have a perforate acetabulum, an improved tarsal joint, and a digitigrade posture. A.trilophosaurs
B.poposaurids C.aetosaurs D.rhynchosaurs E.dinosaurs
59. In the ? the snout is elongate and the skull is telescoped, with the maxilla sometimes touching the bones at
the back of the braincase. A.Proboscidea B.Sirenia C.Cetacea D.Tubulidentata E.Desmostylia
60. Mousterian Tools were made primarily by A.Homo sapiens B.Homo habilis C.Homo ergaster D.Homo
rudolfensis E.Homo neanderthalensis
61. The ? are near the ancestry of amphibians. A.coelacanths B.osteolepiforms C.dipnoans D.xenacanths
E.euselachians
62. The ? were huge herbivores with powerful limbs, long tail, long neck and small head equipped with peglike
or spoonshaped teeth. A.theropods B.ornithopods C.ceratopsians D.ankylosaur E.sauropods
63. In the ? the hind legs are capable of positioning anteriorly; the cheek teeth have single cusps. A.enaliarctids
B.desmatophocids C.otariids D.odobenids E.phocids
64. In ? the first gill arch bears the main burden of jaw support; it is found in modern sharks and higher
actinopterygians. A.autostyly B.holostyly C.hyostyly D.amphistyly
65. The ? is the food-conducting tissue of plants. A.periderm B.sporopollenin C.cambium D.xylem E.phloem
66. Which of the following would not belong to the Arctoidea? A.Canidae B.Ursidae C.Procyonidae
D.Amphicyonidae E.Felidae
67. ? include the "rat-kangaroos", wallabies and true kangaroos. A.vombatids B.diprotodontids
C.thylacoleonids D.macropodids E.phascolarctids
68. In pterosaurs, the flight mechanism consisted of A.digits 2 thru 5 B.fused carpal bones C.the fourth digit
only
69. The ? have a "double-pulleyed astragalus". A.Cetacea B.Perissodactyla C.Proboscidea D.Xenarthra
E.Artiodactyla
70. A synsacrum, pygostyle and uncinate processes on the ribs are characters found in A.lepospondyls
B.anthracosaurs C.birds D.mammals E.placoderms
71. Which of the following is not a tracheophyte? A.rhyniopsid B.lycopsid C.bryophyte D.zosterophyllopsid
E.psilopsid
72. Birds probably originated from ? dinosaurs. A.ornithopod B.ankylosaur C.sauropod D.theropod
E.ceratopsian
73. In the ?, the ear region developed two chambers; early types had 44 low-crowned teeth and later types had a
diastema with high-crowned molars with pi-shaped lophs. A.Artiodactyls B.Perissodactyls
C.Notoungulates D.Litopterns E.Dinoceratans
74. The largest land mammals known were A.chalicotheres B.brontotheres C.uintatheres D.tapirs E.rhinos
75. The ? were dolphin- and shark-like Mesozoic neodiapsids; the skull was highly modified for aquatic life and
they gave birth to live young in the water. A.nothosaurs B.mosasaurs C.plesiosaurs D.ichthyosaurs
E.placodonts
76. ? is capable of "expansional" growth. A.cartilage B.bone C.both bone and cartilage are capable of
"expansional" growth
77. The most important group of modern birds are the A.Charadriiformes B.Falconiformes C.Passeriformes
D.Anseriformes E.Strigiformes
78. The egg-laying mammals belong to the A.Metatheria B.Eutheria C.Prototheria
79. The presence of prismatic cartilage, placoid scales, and claspers is characteristic of the A.acanthodians
B.chondrichthyans C.actinopterygians D.placoderms E.sarcopterygians
80. The terms "tritubercular" and "tribosphenic" refers to A.reproductive modes B.jaw articulation types
C.temporal openings of skull D.tooth cusp patterns E.auditory bulla morphology
81. In ? there was a holostylic jaw and most had crushing toothplates; a diphycercal tail was common in this
group. A.coelacanths B.osteolepiforms C.dipnoans D.xenacanths E.euselachians
82. The ? include the baleen whales. A.Acreodi B.Archeoceti C.Odontoceti D.Ceratomorpha E.Mysticeti
83. The aistopods, nectridians and microsaurs are A.temnospondyls B.lissamphibians C.lepospondyls
D.anthracosaurs E.ichthyostegids
84. ? often have a stylar shelf on the upper molars, and a twinned hypoconulid-entoconid. A.monotremes
B.triconodonts C.symmetrodonts D.marsupials E.multituberculates
85. The Pleurodires and Cryptodires are types of A.therapsids B.pelycosaurs C.mesosaurs D.mosasaurs
E.testudines
86. The Mylodontoidea and Megalonychoidea were A.rodents B.anteaters C.ground sloths D.pangolins
E.tenrecs
87. In the ? the cheek teeth trend towards cyclic succession and there is an increase in crown volume; the second
incisor teeth become enlarged. A.Proboscidea B.Sirenia C.Cetacea D.Tubulidentata E.Desmostylia
88. In the ? pelvic fins moved anteriorly, and the pectoral fin moved higher on the lateral body all. A.teleosts
B.holosteans C.chondrosteans
89. The ? have a sprawling posture; they include sphenodonts and squamates. A.lepidosauromorphs
B.archosauromorphs
90. The ? were "marsupial lions". A.vombatids B.diprotodontids C.thylacoleonids D.macropodids
E.phascolarctids
91. Dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the A.Pennsylvanian B.Permian C.Triassic D.Jurassic
E.Cretaceous
92. The flowering plants belong to the A.Anthophyta B.Rhyniopsida C.Psilopsida D.Lycopsida
E.Sphenopsida
93. Many ? dug aestivation burrows; these burrows are found from the Devonian to Recent. A.coelacanths
B.osteolepiforms C.dipnoans D.xenacanths E.euselachians
94. In the advanced ?, the head and trunk shields were connected by a ball-and-socket articulation; they include
the arthrodires. A.acanthodians B.chondrichthyans C.actinopterygians D.placoderms E.sarcopterygians
95. The pelycosaurs and therapsids were A.anapsids B.diapsids C.euryapsids D.synapsids
96. During the Miocene ? climates developed in North America. A.drier B.wetter
97. The ? are leafless; the sporangia are kidney-shaped and are borne along the sides of the axis; this group is
"H-branched". A.rhyniopsids B.lycopsids C.sphenopsids D.zosterophyllopsids E.psilopsids
98. Symmoriids and eugeneodonts were A.subterbranchialians B.elasmobranchs
99. Streptostyly involves A.sprawling posture B.erect posture C.tooth implantation D.loosening of skull
bones E.reproductive modes
100. ? had a "bun-shaped" skull, a protruding face, no chin, and a large cranial capacity. A.Homo floresiensis
B.Homo habilis C.Homo ergaster D.Homo rudolfensis E.Homo neanderthalensis