NAME _________________________________________________________ PALEO LECTURE TEST # 1
1. Ozone is a type of A.nitrogen B.methane C.carbon dioxide D.ammonia E.oxygen
2. The epifauna live ? the substrate. A.on B.within
3. The oldest foraminiferan test morphology is A.radial calcareous hyaline B.granular calcareous hyaline
C.calcareous porcelaneous D.agglutinated E.microgranular
4. The ? have a three-layered skeleton consisting of calcium carbonate, organic and siliceous material.
A.Demospongia B.Calcarea C.Hexactinellida D.Archaeocyatha E.Sclerospongiae
5. Fossil bone is typically preserved by A.recrystallization B.replacement C.molds and casts D.carbonization
E.cellular permineralization
6. ? are often termed "sunflower fossils"; they probably represent ancient algal structures. A.archaeocyathids
B.dinoflagellates C.bacillariophytes D.receptaculitids E.haptophytes
7. The "highest" taxonomic category is the A.phylum B.class C.family D.kingdom E.domain
8. ? is the process by which a single lineage changes over time. A.anagenesis B.peripatric speciation
C.cladogenesis D.microevolution E.macroevolution
9. In the ? the coelom forms when pouches from the gut extend into the mesodermal cells and are "pinched off".
A.enterocoelomates B.pseudocoelomates C.schizocoelomates
10. Which of the following would probably make the best key (marker) bed? A.beach sandstone B.fluvial
sandstone C.lacustrine shale D.volcanic ash E.desert eolian sandstone
11. Atmospheric oxygen prior to 2.2 billion years ago was at about ? percent total atmospheric level. A.0.2 B.1
C.5 D.8 E.10
12. With increased marine volcanism, ? "Seas" are produced. A.aragonite B.calcite C.this has nothing to do
with increased marine volcanism
13. ? are shared primitive characters. A.symplesiomorphies B.autapomorphies C.synapomorphies D.all of the
above are shared primitive characters
14. The Earth was dominated by oceanic lithosphere, with volcanic islands and small microcontinents, during
the A.Proterozoic B.Phanerozoic C.Archean
15. The blue-green algae pertain to the A.viruses B.Eubacteria C.Archaebacteria D.Fungi E.Metaphyta
16. The geochronologic equivalent of a system is an A.eon B.era C.epoch D.age E.period
17. Oxygen content in seawater may increase when temperature of the water is A.colder B.warmer C.the
temperature does not affect oxygen content in seawater
18. The average seawater salinity is approximately ? parts per thousand. A.21 B.29 C.35 D.43 E.97
19. Annelids have ? segmentation. A.metameric B.oligomeric
20. Which of the following is youngest? A.Phanerozoic B.Proterozoic C.Archean
21. If dead plant tissue is buried in a "coal swamp" A.oxygen and carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere
B.oxygen and carbon dioxide decreases in the atmosphere C.oxygen increases, carbon dioxide decreases
D.oxygen decreases, carbon dioxide increases
22. Taxonomists seek the establishment of ? groups. A.polyphyletic B.paraphyletic C.monophyletic
D.taxonomists wish to establish all of the above for "proper" taxonomy
23. Carbon-14 has a ? half life than potassium-argon. A.shorter B.longer C.the half life is the same for
Carbon-14 and potassium-argon
24. Hystricospheres are types of A.archaeocyathids B.dinoflagellates C.bacillariophytes D.receptaculitids
E.haptophytes
25. LAD's may be due to A.emigration B.immigration
26. Sexual reproduction is characteristic of A.viruses B.prokaryotes C.eukaryotes
27. The monerans are A.prokaryotes B.eukaryotes C.it depends upon the type of moneran
28. The concept of "parsimony" is most important in A.evolutionary taxonomy B.phenetics C.cladistic
taxonomy
29. Which of the following would probably be least useful in correlation? A.planktonic fossils B.benthonic
fossils C.nektonic fossils
30. Which of the following is in the Cenozoic? A.Tertiary B.Cretaceous C.Cambrian D.Devonian E.Jurassic
31. If you name a new species, a holotype A.must be designated B.does not have to be designated
32. Stromatolites are typically created by A.viruses B.Eubacteria C.Archaebacteria D.Fungi E.Metaphyta
33. Vicariance biogeography often leads to ? in evolutionary similarity through time. A.an increase B.a
decrease
34. The "Red Queen Hypothesis" states that organism adaptations must A.remain the same B.be continually
improved
35. The morphology of an organism is controlled by A.phylogeny B.growth C.adaptation D.all of the above
control morphology
36. Coccoliths and asteroliths are A.archaeocyathids B.dinoflagellates C.bacillariophytes D.receptaculitids
E.haptophytes
37. ? includes all aspects of the passage of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere. A.taxonomy
B.biostratigraphy C.ecology D.paleoecology E.taphonomy
38. ? provide information for the structure of the organism and the means to pass on this information in
reproduction. A.nucleic acids B.organic phosphorous compounds C.proteins D.all of the above pass on
information during reproduction
39. "Evolution cannot be reversed"; this defines ? Law. A.Darwin's B.Wallace's C.Cope's D.Dollo's
E.Haeckel's
40. ? speciation occurs where isolated populations rejoin the "parent population" and experience evolution
divergence. A.peripatric B.sympatric C.this defines both peripatric and sympatric speciation
41. The Early Archean ocean was probably ? than that of today. A.warmer B.colder C.the Archean ocean was
probably the same temperature as today's oceans
42. Polar climates have ? species diversity than tropical climates. A.less B.more
43. ? are large nodules with radial and concentric cracks in their centers. A.rosettes B.concretions C.steinkerns
D.septaria E.dendrites
44. Widespread uraninite deposits are found in rocks ? than 2.3 billion years. A.older B.younger C.they may
be found in any age rocks
45. In symbiosis A.predation occurs B.parasitism occurs C.scavenging occurs D.autotrophs are consumed
E.there is mutual benefit to both participants
46. The "middle" period of the Mesozoic is the A.Triassic B.Permian C.Jurassic D.Cretaceous E.Paleogene
47. Heavy carbon (C-13) and heavy oxygen (0-18) tend to be ? abundant in freshwater than in saltwater. A.less
B.more C.the amounts are the same
48. ? says that evolution occurs in fits and spurts separated by long periods of little change. A.phyletic
gradualism B.punctuated equilibrium
49. "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" defines ? law. A.Darwin's B.Wallace's C.Cope's D.Dollo's
E.Haeckel's
50. An individual species would probably be differentiated from other members of the genus by their
A.symplesiomorphies B.autapomorphies C.synapomorphies
51. The younger portion of the "Carboniferous" is the A.Triassic B.Permian C.Mississippian D.Pennsylvanian
E.Devonian
52. The ? Fauna consists of animals with a "quilted" morphology. A.Tommotian B.Ediacara C.the
Tommotian and Ediacara Faunas both have a "quilted" morphology
53. Lignin is a common component in A.invertebrates B.vertebrates C.plants
54. Mixtures of methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapor (or nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor) in
the presence of electricity or ultraviolet light leads to the production of A.nucleic acids B.organic
phosphorous compounds C.amino acids D.it may lead to any of the above
55. ? is a by-product of photosynthesis. A.oxygen B.argon C.carbon dioxide D.hydrogen sulfide E.nitrogen
56. Which of the following is oldest? A.Oligocene B.Miocene C.Eocene D.Pleistocene E.Pliocene
57. Herbivores are ? likely to become extinct versus carnivores. A.less B.more C.there is no difference in
potential for extinction of carnivores versus herbivores
58. The oldest crustal rocks on earth are about ? billion years old. A.1.5 B.2.5 C.3-3.5 D.4 E.4.6
59. Annelids and arthropods are A.protostomes B.deuterostomes
60. Which of the following would most likely incorporate the largest geographic area? A.group B.member
C.formation
61. Coral reefs would become more abundant in ? "Seas". A.aragonite B.calcite C.an increase in coral reefs is
not correlative to either "calcite" or "aragonite seas"
62. The Spumellariina pertain to the A.Foraminifera B.Pyrrhophyta C.Haptophyta D.Radiolaria
E.Chlorophyta
63. ? have an intervallum and loculi. A.Demospongia B.Calcarea C.Hexactinellida D.Archaeocyatha
E.Sclerospongiae
64. The ? include almost all modern marine sponges. A.Demospongia B.Calcarea C.Hexactinellida
D.Archaeocyatha E.Sclerospongiae
65. Which of the following pertain to "Monera"? A.Archaea B.Protista C.Metazoa D.Metaphyta E.both
Archaea and Protista are monerans
66. The "binomen" includes the A.phylum B.genus C.class D.species E.the "binomen" includes the genus
and species names
67. The ? are sarcodinans that move by pseudopodia. A.foraminiferans B.dinoflagellates C.bacillariophytes
D.receptaculitids E.haptophytes
68. The ? are "glass sponges". A.Demospongia B.Calcarea C.Hexactinellida D.Archaeocyatha
E.Sclerospongiae
69. The tests of radiolarians is composed of A.calcium carbonate B.silica C.some tests of radiolarians are
calcium carbonate; others are made of silica
70. Which of the following is oldest? A.Silurian B.Mississippian C.Ordovician D.Pennsylvanian E.Permian
71. ? groups exclude one or more descendant groups. A.polyphyletic B.paraphyletic C.monophyletic D.all of
the above often exclude one or more descendant groups
72. The first Cambrian fossils pertain to the ? Fauna. A.Tommotian B.Ediacara
73. Meiosis is characteristic of A.viruses B.prokaryotes C.eukaryotes
74. ? are built from amino acids. A.nucleic acids B.organic phosphorous compounds C.proteins D.all of the
above are built from amino acids
75. The "oxygen maximum" in seawater is A.near the ocean's surface B.at about 700 to 1000 meters depth
76. The oldest life forms probably pertained to the A.viruses B.Eubacteria C.Archaebacteria D.Fungi
E.Metaphyta
77. In the ?, the rays of the spicules developed along three mutually perpendicular axes; the body structure was
of the rhagon type. A.Demospongia B.Calcarea C.Hexactinellida D.Archaeocyatha E.Sclerospongiae
78. ? have a siliceous skeleton, termed a frustule. A.archaeocyathids B.dinoflagellates C.bacillariophytes
D.receptaculitids E.haptophytes
79. Walther's Law states that the ? sequence of rocks often reflects the ? succession of environments/facies.
A.horizontal; horizontal B.vertical;vertical C.vertical; horizontal D.horizontal; vertical
80. Annelids and arthropods are A.enterocoelomates B.pseudocoelomates C.schizocoelomates
81. Humans exhibit ? growth. A.isometric B.allometric
82. ? are sometimes classified as molluscs. However, they had an operculum and "arm-like" props.
A.tommotiids B.acritarchs C.hyolithids D.dinoflagellates E.bacillariophytes
83. ? wrote the "Essay on the Principle of Population". A.Malthus B.Wallace C.Darwin D.Lamarck
E.Dobzhansky
84. Fusulinid foraminiferans are found in the A.Paleozoic B.Mesozoic C.Cenozoic D.fusulinid foraminiferans
are found in all of these ages
85. Which of the following is not a lophophorate? A.bryozoan B.mollusc C.brachiopod D.all of the above
are lophophorates
86. The "last" period of the Paleozoic is the A.Ordovician B.Devonian C.Triassic D.Carboniferous
E.Permian
87. During the "ice ages" 18O/16O ratios in seawater A.decreased B.increased C.they stayed the same
88. There is ? biomass at lower trophic levels than upper trophic levels. A.less B.more
89. In ? -type sponges the flagellated cells are confined to spherical chambers buried deeply in the body walls.
A.rhagon B.leucon C.sycon D.ascon
90. In ? shells the majority of previous coils are hidden. A.involute B.evolute
91. The ? Fauna includes "small shelly fossils". A.Tommotian B.Ediacara
92. ? concerns the life history of an organism. A.phylogeny B.ontogeny C.both phylogeny and ontogeny
concerns the life history of an organism
93. The central cavity of a sponge is termed the A.dermal pore B.osculum C.cloaca D.megaclere
E.microsclere
94. Early stages of the ontogeny of ancestors may become the adult stage in descendants; this defines
A.paedomorphosis B.peramorphosis C.this defines both paedomorphosis and peramorphosis
95. ? foraminiferan test morphology exhibits a "sugary" appearance; it is characteristic of fusulinids. A.radial
calcareous hyaline B.granular calcareous hyaline C.calcareous porcelaneous D.agglutinated
E.microgranular
96. Aragonite is a form of A.calcium carbonate B.opaline silica C.it depends upon the type of aragonite
97. Animals that live in limited geographic areas are ? likely to become extinct. A.less B.more C.geographic
ranges have nothing to do with the potential for extinction
98. Which of the following is an acoelomate organism? A.protozoan B.poriferan C.cnidarian D.flatworm
E.all of the above are acoelomates
99. The ? is the plants of an ecosystem. A.biota B.fauna C.flora
100. "Ga" represents ? of years on the radioisotopic time scale. A.thousands B.millions C.billions