November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Coexistence Using 802.11k Measurements
Date: 2005-11-15
Authors:
Name
Company Address
Richard Paine
Boeing
Phone
E-mail
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Submission
Slide 1
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Coexistence Using 11k
Measurements
+
Submission
Slide 2
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
11k Scope
This Task Group will define Radio
Resource Measurement
enhancements to provide
mechanisms to higher layers for
radio and network measurements.
Submission
Slide 3
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Relationship of RSSI, Operating Point, Sensitivity, SNR
Received Signal Strength
Operating Margin
Actual Operating Point
Multipath
Impairment
observed
SNR
Rx Sensitivity
Rx Implementation
Loss
Theoretical Operating Point
Theorertical
minimum SNR
needed to support
datarate
dBm
Actual SNR
needed to
support
datarate
Rx Equivalent Input Noise
Noise Figure
Thermal Noise Floor
Submission
(-101.5 dBm)
Slide 4
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
TGh layer management model
• Extract from 802.11h-D2.1.32, which addresses some measurement
extensions for DFS and TPC.
SME
SME
Channel Switch
Timing
Measurement
Processing
MREQUEST
/MREPORT
MEASURE
CHANNEL
SWITCH
MLME
Measurement
Policy
Measurement
Policy
Channel Switch
Decision
Measurement
Frames
MREQUEST
/MREPORT
MLME
Measurement
Frames
MAC Timing
Figure 26 – Layer Management Model
PLME
Submission
Slide 5
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/568r0
CHANNEL
SWITCH
Channel
Switch
Decision
ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E) specifies the following STA architecture
(this is Figure 11 of standard)
MAC Timing
802.11 Station Architecture
Channel
Switch
Timing
September 2002
SME
MLME
PLME
11h
PHY SAP
PLME SAP
PHY Layer
Management
Entity (PLME)
PLME SAP
PMD SAP
Station
Management
Entity
(SME)
PMD sublayer
Submission
Slide 4
David Skellern, Cisco Systems
September 2002
doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/568r0
MEASURE
MREQUEST
/MREPORT
Measurement
Policy
PLCP sublayer
Measurement
Frames
MAC Layer
Management
Entity (MLME)
Measurement
Processing
MAC sublayer
MLME SAP
MAC SAP
802.11 Station Architecture
MREQUEST
/MREPORT
ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999(E) specifies the following STA architecture
(this is Figure 11 of standard)
MAC sublayer
MAC Layer
Management
Entity (MLME)
PHY SAP
PLME SAP
MLME SAP
MAC SAP
Submission
Submission
Slide 4
David Skellern, Cisco Systems
Slide 6
PLME SAP
SME
PMD sublayer
Measurement
Policy
PHY Layer
Management
Entity (PLME)
Measurement
Frames
PMD SAP
Station
Management
Entity
(SME)
MLME
PLCP sublayer
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
WLAN Context Transfer
Subnet A
802.11
802.16,
802.20,
Or
802 Cellular
R
Subnet B
802.11
R
802.11f Context Blob
(Certificates, preauth, address, etc)
802.11
Submission
Slide 7
Transfer
Richard Context
Paine, Boeing
Packet
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
WLAN Context Transfer
Subnet A
802.11
802.16,
802.20,
Or
802 Cellular
R
Subnet B
802.11
R
802.11f Context Blob
(Certificates, preauth, address, etc)
802.11
Submission
Slide 8
Transfer
Richard Context
Paine, Boeing
Packet
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
WLAN Context Transfer
Subnet A
802.11
802.16,
802.20,
Or
802 Cellular
R
Subnet B
802.11
R
802.11f Context Blob
(Certificates, preauth, address, etc)
802.11
Submission
Slide 9
Transfer
Richard Context
Paine, Boeing
Packet
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
WLAN Context Transfer
Subnet A
802.11
802.16,
802.20,
Or
802 Cellular
R
Subnet B
802.11
R
802.11f Context Blob
(Certificates, preauth, address, etc)
802.11
Submission
Slide 10
Transfer
Richard Context
Paine, Boeing
Packet
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
WLAN Context Transfer
Subnet A
802.11
802.16,
802.20,
Or
802 Cellular
R
Subnet B
802.11
R
802.11f Context Blob
(Certificates, preauth, address, etc)
802.11
Submission
Slide 11
Transfer
Richard Context
Paine, Boeing
Packet
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
AP Measurements
Context
802.11h
or Request
Blob
For Info
Context
Blob
10/100BaseT
AP1
AP Table
STA1
Per STA Table
Processor
Certs
Pre-auth
User
CIM Schema
QoS
Submission
Slide 12
Context
Blob
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Card Measurements
AP1
Submission
STA1
Slide 13
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
RRM Big Picture
Application Users of Radio Information
Upper
Layers
Presentation
Session Users of Radio Information
Transport Users of Radio Information
IP Users of Radio Information
Interface to
Upper Layers
MAC and PHY
Layers
Submission
MAC Radio Information
MAC
PHY Radio Information
PHY
Slide 14
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
RRM Extension Options
• RRM blue stars show the likely location of RRM extensions,
though RRM pink stars are (remotely) possible.
• RRM Applications are outside the 802.11 specs.
PHY SAP
RRM
Submission
PLME SAP
SME
RRM
PLCP
PMD SAP
RRM
MLME
RRM
Applications
(outside
802.11)
PLME
PLME SAP
RRM MAC
RRM
MLME SAP
MAC SAP
PMD
Slide 15
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
RRM MAC/PHY Interchanges
Frame
Report Report
Request
Reports NDIS
11h Get
MAC
MLME
Req-Air
PHY SAP
MLME SAP
MAC SAP
Linux
RPE Histogram
PLME SAP
AP1
PMD SAP
Get CCA CCA MGT
PLME
REQUESTS
REPORTS
SME
STA1
PLME SAP
PLCP
PMD
Mgt Frames
Beacon on Setup
Submission
Slide 16
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
MAC/PHY Context
802.11f Context Blob
802.11h Request for Information
SME
SME
MLME MAC
MLME MAC
AP1
AP1
PLCP
STA1
PLCP
STA1
PLME
PLME
PMD
PMD
AP STA
AP STA
802.11h Request for Information
SME
MLME MAC
SMEMLME MAC
SMEMLME MAC
SMEMLME MAC
AP1
AP1
AP1
AP1
PLCP
PLCP
STA1
PLME
PMD
STA1
Submission
STA1
PLME
PMD
STA2
Slide 17
PLCP
STA1
PLME
PMD
STA3
PLCP
STA1
PLME
PMD
STA4
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
11k Request/Reports
Measurement Request/Reports
Beacon
Frame
AP Channel Report
Probe Request
Frame Request
Location
Noise Histogram Request
STA Statistics Request
QoS Metrics
Submission
Slide 18
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Measurement Topologies
2
1
3
4
5
Needing Definition:
Per BSS Topology
Per ESS Topology
Per Radio View Topology
Submission
Slide 19
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Neighbor Definition and Graph
• Two APs i and j are neighbors iff
– There exists a path of motion between i and j such that it is possible
for a mobile STA to perform a reassociation
– Captures the ‘potential next AP’ relationship
– Distributed data-structure i.e. each AP or AS/RS can maintain a
dynamic list of neighbors
A
B
A
E
C
E
B
D
D
1
Submission
C
Slide 20
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
802.11 Coexistence Possibilities
802.11 Coexistence
Beacon
Frame
AP Channel
Probe
Frame
Location
STA Statistics
QoS Metrics
Submission
Slide 21
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Measurement Examples
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
country,
power constraints,
Transmitter Power Control
(TPC) report,
Access Point (AP) Channel,
power capability,
neighbor report element ID,
TSF information,
Received Channel Power
Indicator (RCPI),
DS parameter set, capability
information,
channel number,
regulatory class,
randomization interval,
measurement duration,
Basic Service Set Identifier
(BSSID),
reporting condition,
threshold/offset,
hysteresis,
measurement modes
(passive/active or beacon table),
group identity,
STA counters,
late bit,
incapable bit,
refused bit,
location,
Submission
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RPI density,
measurement start time,
measurement duration,
PHY type,
parent TSF,
target TSF,
beacon interval,
capability information,
number of frames,
transmitted fragment count,
multicast transmitted frame count,
failed count, retry count,
multiple retry count,
frame duplicate count,
RTS success count,
RTS failure count,
ACK failure count,
received fragment count,
FCS error count,
transmitted frame count,
latitude resolution,
latitude,
longitude resolution,
longitude,
altitude type,
altitude resolution,
altitude,
datum,
element ID, length,
channel list,
Slide 22
• BSSID information,
• channel number,
• PHY options,
• TSF information,
• reachability,
• security,
• key scope,
• capabilities unknown,
• capabilities,
• spectrum management capability,
• QoS capability,
• TSF offset,
• action,
• dialog token,
• number of repetitions,
• frame restart delay,
• time unit,
• restart delay,
• neighbor TBTT offset type,
• transmit power,
• link margin,
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Beacon
The Beacon request/report pair enables a STA to inquire of another STA
what channel or channels they are using. In addition, they can request
active, passive, and beacon table modes. If the measurement request is
accepted and is in passive mode, a duration timer is set and at the end of
the duration, the measuring STA prepares a measurement report of all the
information gathered from beacons or probe responses. If the
measurement request is accepted and is in active mode, and the channel
is not the serving channel, then the request has been sent in a broadcast
mode to all recipients to respond with the information after the
measurement duration. If the request is beacon table, then the measuring
STA returns the current contents of any stored beacon information.
Submission
Slide 23
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Frame
The frame request/report pair enables one to get the number of frames,
averaged RCPI, BSSID, and Transmit Address from the requested STA.
Submission
Slide 24
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Channel Load
The channel load request/report pair enables you to get the channel
numbers being used by an AP.
Submission
Slide 25
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Noise Histogram
The noise histogram request/report pair returns non-802.11 energy by
sampling the channel only when CCA indicates idle.
Submission
Slide 26
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
STA Statistics
The STA statistics request/report pair returns a whole list of
values including; transmitted fragment counts, multicast
transmitted frame counts, failed counts, retry counts, multiple
retry counts, frame duplicate counts, Request to Send (RTS)
success counts, RTS failure counts, Acknowledgement (ACK)
failure counts, received fragment counts, received fragment
counts, multicast received frame counts, FCS error counts, and
transmitted frame counts.
Submission
Slide 27
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Location
The Location request/report pair returns a requested latitude,
longitude, and altitude. It includes types of altitude such as
floors.
Submission
Slide 28
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Measurement Pause
The measurement request is defined, but no report comes back
from this request. The measurement pause gives a start and
stop of a measurement pause in which no measurement request
is honoured. The delay is not to be longer than the pause delay
specified in the measurement pause request.
Submission
Slide 29
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Neighbor Report
The neighbour report request/report pair is sent by an AP and
returns information about known neighbour APs that are
candidates for a BSS transition. Reports contain information
from the table dot11RRMNeighborReportTable that contains
information from the MIB table concerning neighbour APs. This
request/report pair enable a STA to gain information about the
neighbours of the associated AP for known potential roaming
candidates.
Submission
Slide 30
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Link Report
The link measurement request/report pair is a STA
requesting another STA to measure the link path loss
and estimation of the link margin. This enables
understanding the instantaneous capabilities of a link
for QoS-type requirements.
Submission
Slide 31
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
QoS Metrics Report
The QoS Metrics request/report pair enables a QSTA to cease sending
measurement reports and the measurement is made on the link carrying
the stream.
Submission
Slide 32
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Non-802.11 Coexistence Possibilities
• Noise Histogram (radar, microwaves, other)
• Bluetooth AFH
• Access to the 802.11 MIB
Submission
Slide 33
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Handoffs to Higher Layers
Needing Definition:
NDIS Objects in MIB
Linux Objects in MIB
Interface to
Upper Layers
MAC and PHY
Layers
Submission
MAC Radio Information
MAC
PHY Radio Information
PHY
Slide 34
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
Future Allocation & Utilization
Maximum Amplitudes
Amplidue (dBm)
Heavy Use
Heavy Use
Sparse Use
Medium Use
Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead
to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization
– Opportunities Exist in Time,
Frequency, and Geography
RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy
– Allocations, Assignments, and
Incumbents Vary by Country
Frequency (MHz)
Observations Show Bands of Local
Heavy and Sparse Activity
 Temporal Usage Characteristics
Vary by Band & Service
 Potential for Usage Dependent on
Incumbent Service & Equipment
•Static Spectrum Management is Limited in Its Ability to Improve Spectrum Utilization
Efficiencies
Submission
Slide 35
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
11k Status November 05
3rd Letter Ballot in Progress
Expect to go to Sponsor Ballot Fall 05 or Winter 06
Expect to be a standard by early 07
Submission
Slide 36
Richard Paine, Boeing
November 2005
doc.: IEEE 802.19-05/0050r0
For Wi-Fi Alliance
Introduced 11k in Dublin last March (2005)
Request start of Wi-Fi Task Group
Submission
Slide 37
Richard Paine, Boeing